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NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
VENEZUELA

MEN OF THE GUIPUZCOANA COMPANY*

With pleasure we accommodate in these pages of our Bulletin the following valuable study of) Dr.
Vicente de Amezaga and Aresti. It is partly the result of research that the author has been carrying
out in the General Archive of the Nation, under the auspices of the Ministry of Justice. He is Dr. Amezaga, a
nationalized Uruguayan, of Basque origin, and a Doctor of Law from the University of Vallado lid. Specially
dedicated to historical and literary studies, he was a Professor at the Faculty of Humanities in Montevideo.

1.- Government of Betancourl and Castro.

Smuggling, an endemic disease on these coasts since they were born into the life of the Spanish colonial
mercantilist organization, had taken such deep roots during the years (1716) in which Betancourt y
Castro took over the governorship of the Province, that the new The governor judged that it was one of the
most pressing tasks of his mission to study the way to end the illicit treatment that only grew, day by
day, despite the various measures of surveillance and repression that were taken to extinguish it. "He believed,"
says the historian Sucre, "that his countryman Dn. Diego de Matos Montañés, because of his intelligence, his
activity, his knowledge of the country and the means that smugglers used to evade government surveillance,
was the right man to help him in the difficult undertaking that he was proposing, and after several conferences
with him, he appointed him Superior Judge of Forfeitures and Corporal to War, with many and extensive
administrative and military powers.

Armed with them, Matos began his campaign, which was soon to manifest itself in not very happy results;
that although he achieved some reduction in smuggling, this was at the cost of many persecutions,
scandals and competitions with some municipalities, mainly with that of Guanare, a town where, apparently
with the purpose of making an example, he tried don Juan Ortiz, a much loved and respected neighbor. This
originated a lawsuit in which Matos, who represents the authority of the go- * In this article and the one on
"Exportation of cocoa" in this same
volume, pp. 335 - 344, Amezaga gives a complete chronicle of the Compañía Giiipuzcoana de Caracas,
information that, expanded, will culminate in the three books that he publishes on the Company. See index.
Cila in those articles, as later in his books, to outspoken Venezuelan historians whose work he read and on which
he leaned. it confronts the mayors who firmly support the autonomy of the Guanare city council. Other incidents
were also caused by the actions of Matos who, according to several witnesses, in his pursuit of smuggling,
"put great pressure to carry it out alone."

The evil continued its course: volumes VI and VII of the Miscellaneous collection of the General Archive
of the Nation are made up of a voluminous file that contains the proceedings carried out by virtue of the
commission conferred on Captain Don Mateo de Osorio... by the Captain General of the Province "to put a stop
to the abuses of the royal ministers in charge of the extinction of the foreign trade". In the first document of that
file, Osorio is given broad powers so that he may be assisted in the performance of his commission by the "Mrs.
de Campo, sergeants, majors, Corporals to war or Judges of Commissions, without it being understood to
exempt or relieve of this case to Dn. Diego de Matos" and he is entrusted, by the tenor of that order, to examine
the witnesses that he believes are relevant in the jurisdiction of this Province, in Valencia, Nirgua or
Barquisimeto, in order to clarify who is guilty "of the excesses that are committed on the coast below this
province, especially of compositions in Puerto de Cavello, Morón, Tu-cacas and Ocumare of compositions
made by the Ministers in charge of controlling the extraction of fruits from this province and
Commerce of Immigration, taking them to their homes, eating and living with them, likewise tolerating the
arrival of the boats from the island of Curacao to which they are not reluctant to allow them to trade or for
cocoa, tobacco and other fruits to go there.
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prohibited from this Prova. tolerando pr. the particular purposes that allow themselves to be considered
reaching such a disorder that what they thus confiscate of the fruits of the Prova. that they go pra
contract with foreigners, such as those who cook foreign clothes, spirits and other effects, do not
account for the legality of their jobs, before they go with different colors to finish them off without preceding
the circumstances with notorious lack of jurisdiction for by this means make the concealment of the
greater part, and with what q. they finish off introducing the genres of Aliens to color under the pretext of
being the dhos. auctions, the sale of them without note, going to the little legality of probing against those
who can betray their excesses..." (Diverse VI, 3).
What has been transcribed is enough to realize the extreme to which things had come. We are not
interested in going into more detail here either. We will only say that before the lawsuit between Matos
and the mayors of Guanare, Betancourt took various measures, and it was at this time, 1718
(Venezuela had been placed politically under the jurisdiction of the New Kingdom of Granada), when
the Viceroy ordered Betancourt to refrain from the aforementioned lawsuit and send Pedro José de
Olavarriaga and Martín de Beato, both from Gipuzkoa, to Caracas as Commission Judges.

Upon the arrival of these envoys, several incidents take place. They, in the exercise of their commission,
ordered by order "that the property of the dhos be seized and seized. Mayors, sending them to
the Jail Rl. of this City." But the mayors who had not fallen asleep, when they were presented with the
order of the Caracas judges, were able in turn to exhibit a ruling from the Court of Santo Domingo
in which it was declared that: "the mayors of Guanare had complied with the obligation of his
officio in the dha. competition" and inhibited from knowing in the cause, from then on, "both the Lord
Governor and Captain General, as well as any others who claim it".

Olavarriaga and Beato insist on hearing about the trial and commission Lieutenant Araure to execute
their orders, but he excuses himself. And, despite the Judges, the Governor and the Viceroy, the
Mayors are not punished.
Meanwhile, incidents continue until, finally. Matos is separated from his position by order of Governor
Betancourt; but he manages to escape and arrives in Bogotá where he manages to convince the Viceroy
of his innocence and the Governor's guilt. Then the Viceroy orders the Caracas City Council to
seize Betancourt and separate him from the Government, putting the Lie in his place. Antonio Alvarez
and Abreu. The Cabildo complies with regard to the first point, but does not place Abreu in the
government but rather the mayors of Caracas, relying on the Royal Decree of privilege to govern them
in vacancies and pleads for the appointment of Abreu.
By then, Diego de Matos returns from Santa Fe and makes a request to be given a hearing of the records
"and that for this the pieces be put together that look at the impostures or false slanders that have been
imputed to me, during the time that I was the dho. employment". And so it is provided by Judge Don
Martín Beato, appointed in the company of Olavarriaga by the Viceroy of New Granada to hear the
causes of the province of Venezuela (June 21, 1720). And we also see in the same file (Diversos, VI,
340) that Judge Beato himself orders that the two summaries made by the mayors of Barquisimeto
and Coro against Don Diego de Matos be added to the records.

In the Vil de Diversos volume comes the continuation of the voluminous file in which the incidents,
witness statements, information, orders and proceedings of Olavarriaga and Beato, etc., follow one
another. and, as highly revealing of the prevailing cloudy climate, we do not resist the temptation
to copy paragraphs from the letters that Captain Salvador Pérez Guzmán, Puerto Cabello Forfeiture
Judge, addresses Diego de Matos, informing him of the state of insubordination in which there is the
region of the coast, of the opposition made by the mayors, of the impunity with which the Dutchman
Jorge Christian trades illegally, and other things in this vein. Here are some exact words of Pérez
Guzmán: "This, my friend, is the land of rebels, there is no one who is legal for your Magd. because they
are all compadres of Olandeses and friends, and there are thousands of entanglements about this...
In short, my lord... this is not for a good man, nor am I meant to flatter or look at human respects, which
is what they want here. And here they say that Mr. Govr. I favor them a lot by giving to
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understand to have been the charge of Vmd. a prop-ter form and other things that I omit that have been said.
oy in the presence of friends of Vmd. that we have felt it for a long time..." (Diversos, VII, f. 344).
Finish the file, passing the original to the New Granada court for a sentence that, by the way, was an
acquittal for Matos.
Thus, in this environment of turbulent antagonism between the Governor and the Cabildo, in the midst of a
crisis of authority, in the midst of the greatest administrative mess and under the sign of smuggling, we
see Don Pedro José de Olavarriaga making his appearance in Venezuela.
2.- Government of Don Diego Portales y Menesses.
Under the command of the new Governor who took office on December 11, 1721, the disagreements between
the Governor and the Cabildo indicated in the previous governorship only worsened. Two factions were
formed: one of them headed by the Governor and Bishop Escalona and the other led by most of the aldermen
and almost all the nobility of Caracas. "The passions were very exalted," says Sucre, "and at every step there
were fights between the supporters of one side and the other."

Unfortunate was for Olavarriaga the beginning of the government of Portales. The latter, one of whose
first acts was to release Betancourt, his predecessor, surely understanding that the process that the Viceroy of
New Granada was following said ex-governor was at the induction of Olavarriaga and Beato, ordered their
imprisonment. on the second day of its reception in the government. Let's see what the interested parties
tell us in the "Original information made at the request of Mr. Pedro Martín Beato and Mr. Pedro José de
Olavarriaga, judges who were from this province and city of Caracas, from different municipalities of the Royal
Service by His Excellency. Mr. Viceroy of the New Kingdom of Granada, in justification of their shortnesses and
poverty in which they remained after the exercise of their commissions".

"Dn. Pedro Martín Beato and Dn. Pedro José de Olavarriaga, Judges who have been in this Province for
different Royal Service Commissions for His Excellency Mr. Count of Cueba, Viceroy who was also of
these parties, Before You in the so that there is more room in which we say: What respect for the prison so
rigorous that without order or legal reason Mr. Diego Portales executed us, on the second day of his reception,
in this Government, which was on the twelfth of December of the past year of one thousand seven hundred
and twenty-one without having had time to be informed and seen any papers of our operations, having
had the time of eight months in rigorous prison, and deprived of communication, with a company of Guard,
without having said Mr. Gouedr. Mr. Diego Portales obeyed or complied with any order of His Excellency
Mr. Viceroy by reason of number of aliuio in the two eight months until at the end of the mandate of SA we
were released under the bail of Guardar Carcelería in this City and its Suburbs and although this mandate of
SA was obeyed with the repugnance that is notorious despite having released us under dha. Bail, we have
been persecuted and harassed as evidenced by the hauernos I went to arrest the fourteenth day of August of
next year pr. the night at one o'clock, having come for this purpose those of La Guaira (where dho. Gour
was) with pozon, soldiers from that prison, and others from the Guard of this City and entering the house of
nra. room. climbing it by the walls, and zercandola with dha. People did not find us having registered it: And
having to persuade us that pa. these demonstrations and many others that the dho has operated against
us. Mr. Portales as they are public and notorious in this City and Prova. He must have acted on some false
causes that he will have struck down and against the truth of ours. procedures in the use of nras.
Commissions: And having to respond to them in the nearby residence and defend ourselves against them
with the necessary evidence and due to their failure. and ask what to no. dho. combing Finding ourselves as
we find ourselves with the backwardness and poverty that is notorious in this City. that we still do not reach
pa. daily sustenance so pr. We have spent our own wealth, and the foreign that we do not have to spend
for. have been able to execute the service of SM in compliance with the orders of the Hon. Mr.

Viceroy, which could not have been executed if this expense of his own wealth had not preceded. begin in
dhas. Commissions such as the costs of postage, papers and various others such as maintenance, daily in
this Prisson, which we maintain from dho. day of one thousand seven hundred and twenty-one years (as
expressed) until the present pa, to give satisfaction of nros. procedures, and what
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for the record to your Magd. and other courts that combine, has been a continuous slander, only for having
fully complied with nra. obligation nezec i tainos the one that by Vmds. we are excused for nras.
defenses and other errands, which we can do on legal paper, regarding finding ourselves poor and in
strange lands without relatives or friends who can favor us with means pa. it, and then have its Magd.
granted this relief on behalf of his vassals in such cases, as is common practice, and for Justification. from
nra. poverty we offer information. in good shape and that we maintain ourselves with the great shortcomings
and debts that are manifest, such as nros. delays, losses and impairments, and the hauer spent his
own wealth in the Royal Service as is also public and notorious in cuia atenzon: To Vmds. We ask and beg if
you please, in view of what we have expressed to receive the information. that we offer from nra. poverty,
and that the witnesses that we will present be examined to the thener of this Script and that the original be
delivered to us with the testimonies q. we need That everything is from drugs and justice that we ask and
swear in the necessary way. Pedro Martin Beato. Pedro José de Olavarriaga".

(Various. X, 288-9).
Below, you can see the testimonial information that begins with the statement of the PR
Pablo de Santa María, who met —he says— the supplicants when they came to Caracas to act as judges
"who brought the bearing of men of wealth, serving themselves with silverware and other finery..." and he
knows that with the prison in which they have been they have sold their worked silver, etc., etc. and
they are experiencing great needs... "and in particular he has seen dho. Mr. Pedro de Olavarriaga how he
lives in a cellar of the declarant's convent, sustaining himself for many days with just a little bit of
chocolate, which is cocoa, without spices and subjecting himself to copying papers to be able to acquire
something to support themselves".
Then comes the statement of Fr. Eugenio González, of the order of Santo Domingo like the previous
one, who says that while he was building the Church of Our Lady of Chiquínquirá, he received alms from
Olavarriaga, as well as from Beato who "were from size and flow. Now you know the need they go through
that there are many times when they do not have a mouthful of meat to eat.
The other five declarations that follow coincide with the previous ones, after which an order of the Ordinary
Mayor D. Carlos de Herrera is inserted in which it is provided, by virtue of the petition that is confirmed
with the declarations of seven witnesses, the writings of the sayings Beato and Olavarriaga on quarter
stamp paper.
We do not know exactly how long Olavarriaga's prison lasted. Despite "the recusal and protests that I have
made in writings that I agree with Mr. Pedro de Olavarriaga, my partner", "one and the other are
imprisoned, I have presented them and I reproduce them again", according to Beato in a document
requesting be confirmed in his appointment as Acting Official Accountant of the Royal Treasury (See
Employees, 111, 212 and 213 and "Residence Causes". Diego Portales y Meneses, Volume XX, ff, 31,
32, 34...) , it must have extended throughout the year 1722 until in 1723 the fall of Portales y Meneses,
which put an end to the first of the three periods of his turbulent government and the assumption of
government power by the Mayors, made his freedom possible. The truth is that the documentation on
this point fails and it seems more plausible, if we are to follow the chronicler Blas José Terrero, that Olavarriaga
and his companion, already released, were the ones who decisively contributed to the fall and
imprisonment of Portales in 1723.
Terrero says: "... at this time, Olavarriaga and Beato2 appeared in this capital, like some fatal comets
that loomed to announce their long and fatal revolutions to the province. 2 Made these capable of
proportion , juice and utility that this province offered in favor of theirs, seduce and deceive the main
magnates of this capital so that they condescend and even request for their part the reestablishment of a
Company of Merchants of Guipúzcoa, appearing so many advantages to it, that it was not necessary for the
republic and its council, concerned about these chimerical ideas of happiness that they had made
him conceive, to look at this matter with such interest and ardor that neither the fine policy of the
Governor (Portales and Meneses), nor the persuasions Of the men of greater character, neither the most
injurious discords that originated from this, nor the interposition of the Most Illustrious Prelate, nor the
censures with which he tried to contain the insolence of their violence, was enough to make them enter trial.

Obsessed in the fatal project of embracing a company that was later the object of its deadly
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hatred, and abusing that ill-conceived and tolerated faculty, they deposed Portales from the government
with equal ludicrousness and shamelessness, in the year 1723, and placing him in prison, the ordinary
mayors who at that time were don Juan Blanco Infante and don Miguel de Ascanio.

He agrees with the previous Sucre when writing that: "At this time there began to be talk in Caracas of the
formation of a company of Gipuzkoan merchants that would provide capital for planting and the
development of haciendas, and would buy the fruits at very advantageous prices; idea which was welcomed
with great enthusiasm by the City Council and perhaps, for the same reason, rejected by Portales and
his party, which came to revive the discord..." "Olavarriaga and Beato, agents of the Gipuzkoan merchants,
did not rest on stirring up the fire against the Governor and the Bishop, opposed to his commercial
company project, nor were there any shortages of his promises of great profits and jobs in his company or
those that favored the party of the Mayors thus increasing the number of his followers".

We are not interested at this moment in making judgments about what has been previously
reproduced. Yes, instead, to record a fact: that in 1723, in a climate of discord between the representative
of royal power and the council and relying on it, he launched the project of that company that would become
the Royal Company Gipuzkoan from Caracas, Don Pedro José de Olavarriaga.
The "General and Particular Instruction...".
But Olavarriaga had not launched his idea with the smoke of straws. Without fearing that we are denied,
we can affirm that the land of Venezuela had never known until his arrival a visitor who declined to study
his situation and resources with such an experienced and meticulous mind: "... an observant man with
great knowledge in matters of commerce, finance and agriculture —these are the words of the learned
researcher García Chuecos4— he made during his stay in Caracas, 1718-1720, a careful study of the
economic possibilities "of the Province" and this was the basis of his subsequent performance the same in
Venezuela than in Spain, than near the Viceroy of Nueva Granada, encouraging and advocating the project
of the aforementioned trading company".
He undoubtedly had collaborators in this company. The military engineer Mr. Juan Amador Courten,
who is the author of the plans and projects that illustrate the work, of course, and also
probably, as Arcila Parías points out5, "certainly had the collaboration of all the Treasury officials,
and this allowed him to carry out an extremely valuable work, the only one that exists, among those of its
kind, referring to the province of Venezuela".
"General and Particular Instruction of the Present State of Venezuela in the Years 1720 and 21" is the title
of this extremely valuable manuscript that seems to have been stolen from the file where it was kept,
ending up in the hands of some English-speaking person or institution, to deduce, as García Chuecos
observes, not only from a note written in English and of modern writing that runs in the first pages of the
original Instruction, but from the circumstance of having been offered for sale to the National Academy
of History by the London bookstore Maggs Bros Ltd. In 1939 the National Government acquired this
precious manuscript, assigning it to the Library of the National Academy of History.

It is really a beautiful manuscript, even from a purely calligraphic point of view, due to its beautiful writing
and the fourteen maps that illustrate it, but it is, of course, its intrinsic value that counts, which is why it is
unfortunate, as Arcüa Parías says , which is still unpublished, since: "The dissemination of this exceptional
work would have prevented so many errors from slipping regarding the state of Venezuelan agriculture
and commerce in the years immediately prior to the establishment of the Guipuzcoana".

It is, of course, much more detailed and complete than the "Descrip-ció..." by José Luis de Cisneros, with
the merit of having been composed nearly half a century earlier and in the note in English that we quoted
before, Sa defines aptly when saying: "This is a curious interesting volume it may be called the Dooms
Day Book of that part of Colombia...", recalling the record of the great cadastre made by order of King
William the Conqueror.
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The index of the work is as follows:

Chapter I.- General Idea of the Province of Venezuela, its temperament, its limits, jurisdictions,
mines, fruits, rivers. His Political and Military government. j.-Arcila Parias,
Eduardo.- Colonial Economy of Venezuela. Mexico, Economic Culture Fund, 1946.

Chapter II.- Present State of the Maritime Coast of the Province from Macuto to Punta de los Flamencos, its
ports, valleys, rivers, farms, names of their masters, cocoa groves, their product, populations and other
circumstances that serve as instruction to the plant of said Coast included in said chapter.

Chapter III.- Particular State of the valleys and jurisdictions of the Inland, in which the largest populations in
each jurisdiction, their cocoa farms, names of their owners, number of groves, product of them, etc. are
reported. ., trapiches, cattle and other fruits that each jurisdiction gives by itself, with various other particularities.

Chapter IV.- Present State of Spanish Commerce and the introduction of foreign commerce in this Province.

Chapter V.- Particular and present state of the port and fortifications of La Guaira.
Chapter VI.- Present state, particular and dimensions of Puerto Cabello and the Yaracuy River with the dimensions
of its Mouth.

Chapter VII.- Reasons that make it necessary to repair the fortifications of the Port of La Guaira, to strengthen
Puerto Cabello and the mouth of the Yaracuy River.
Chapter VIII.- Repair project with its profiles for the Port of La Guaira.
Chapter IX.- Project for Puerto Cabello, and the mouth of the Yaracuy River with its profiles.
Chapter X.- Expenses to mount the projects of the previous chapters.
Chapter XI.- Present state of the Royal Treasury in this Province.
Chapter XII.- State that said Royal Treasury will have, after the aforementioned projects are complete.

Disregarding the detailed relationship that Olavarriaga makes of the government of the Province, its
production and consumption, etc., etc. We are going to make a quick tour of the work, stopping at some points
that we consider to be of greater interest.
First of all, it must be said that the work has a prologue dated in Santa Fe on March 16, 1722 and signed by
Juan Amador Courten, the aforementioned military engineer, in whose fifth paragraph we can read the
following: "It is following the
example of Your Your Excellency (the Viceroy of Nueva Granada, Don Jorge de Villa Longa, Count de la Cueva
to whom the work is dedicated.) Sir, that your ministers distributed in the Provinces of your Government strive to
be able to deserve the glorious title of your protection. And to this end that Don Pedro José de Olavarriaga,
Judge Sent by Your Excellency in the Province of Caracas, made the general instruction of the present state of
said Province in compliance with Your Excellency's orders, leaving to my care the most important military
projects. convenient for the security of the Maritime Coast, and the restoration of the Royal rights in it,
but as the riots in that Province born by various emulators caused his arrest and imprisonment with the
impropriety that has been made public, there was no place to dedicate to Your Excellency this work daughter of
your work...".

Going through the manuscript, we see, in the first place, that Olavarriaga did not have a good opinion of the
industriousness of the natives of the Province, when he writes: "...in short, it can be assured that the Province
of Venezuela was one of the best and one of the most fertile of all the West Indies if it were cultivated,
but the laxity of its neighbors is so great that in the midst of this abundance there is hardly what is necessary for
life..." Without being able to explain if this
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laziness was a vice that came from the temperament of the land or if the fertility of that same land was what
made them despise such an advantage.
He strongly attacks the conduct of various Governors (although he does not name any) who have exercised
"investigation" and "concussions." They thought, according to Olavarriaga, that, by virtue of the sum offered
to obtain their position, they had the right to harass and persecute the vassals of their government and
"10,000 foreign pesos offered have often made the Royal Treasury lose up to a million of pesos in five years
of government, because these ministers have secretly allowed foreigners to leave the fruits of the earth, and
their merchandise to enter, doing this harmful trade themselves, so I am not shocked if some of them They
have insinuated that it was impossible to root out the foreign trade in this Province, since they were themselves
interested in its continuation".

In the following paragraph he says (quoting San Agustín, as he had previously quoted Quinto Curdo, etc.,
etc.), that some good governors have also come, to then state that "... they do not usually come to these lands
but two kinds of people, or those who seek to make a fortune, or vagabonds who, finding life more easily in
these lands than in Europe, cause more harm than good; it is necessary that a Governor prevent some
from enriching themselves with the property someone else, put a limited brake on your greed and give rigid
orders for others to work".

According to him, the families that come on the registry ships from the Canary Islands are given bad land,
which has forced them to seek a livelihood other than agriculture.
He states that there are many island families in Caracas who can barely support themselves with their
work and it would be better to form towns, "because, finally, it is more convenient for His Majesty's
service in the Indies that the towns be large and the cities small, and it is work in the fields and not in the
idleness of the city that men find a happy life", a reflection, let it be said in passing, that seems to us very
much the idiosyncrasy of a Basque.
He talks again about the Governors' concussions that "are so great that I doubt if they have an example
in the world." And the same is expressed below with respect to the Lieutenants or Corps of war,
Corregidores or Officers of Militiamen (and the appointments of Quinto Curcio continue).
Of the Military Government, he believes that "it is still in a worse state than the political one; there are no
fortifications or warehouses in order, and the soldiers do not know how to observe any discipline." So there
are no stores in La Guaira, Tara-cazana "... is a rented house whose rent has cost more to date than if it had
been expressly manufactured"; the Artillery is in poor condition, etc., etc.
in the chap. IV, "Present state of Spanish commerce, and the introduction of foreign commerce in this
Province", makes a panegyric of commerce in general, as a generator of all kinds of goods, and ends by
referring to how annihilated that of Venezuela is, which is It reduces to a registered ship from Spain, which
still does not come every year, and another from the Canary Islands loaded with broth, and four or five vessels
that load a consignment of cacao for New Spain every year. According to him, four registries from Spain and
six or eight from the Canary Islands should not be enough (it would not be necessary then to buy brandy from
the Dutch as it is now).
He says that the Spanish trade is reduced to 24,000 bushels of cacao.
It establishes that no nation frequents the maritime coast of Venezuela as much as the Dutch.
They sell their products cheaper than the Spanish, for the reasons he explains.

Finally, in this chapter he refers to the strategic situation of the island of Curaçao and the activity of the
Jews who inhabit it.
Analyze in Chap. V the fortifications of La Guaira that he considers, in general, very deficient.
In the VI he makes some considerations about Puerto Cabello, whose port he considers "the best of all this
coast and perhaps of all the Indies".
In the VII it is extended on the "Reasons that compel to repair the fortifications of the Port of La
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Guaira, to strengthen Puerto Cabello and the mouth of the Yaracuy river". And in the fifth paragraph
of said chapter it is read that "it must be considered that His Majesty does not take advantage of the
Province today, before the rights are not enough for the amounts that His Majesty has released and
consigned annually in the Royal Accounting Funds of this Province, of salaries of Ministers,
endowments of prisons, alms for religious missionaries, etc.", stamping in the following paragraph
what follows: " On the contrary, if the appropriate provisions had been made to exterminate the
foreign trade, the real rights would be enough, I am not saying only to pay the current consignments;
but also to maintain the Royal authority on the maritime coast of this Province and to assure it
against the continuation of foreign trade, and more than this a very considerable portion was left over
to His Majesty".
He examines and criticizes the proposed remedies (corporals to war, commissioners, struck down
orders against commerce, His Majesty's warrant to burn the confiscation, etc., etc.), and he discards all
of them, including that of Corsairs which, however, recognizes it is the best of all those proposed
"provided that these corsairs have a safe retreat in case of force majeure or to ensure their forces",
for which he concludes: "The best remedy is... to strengthen its defenseless coast today ". And to better
strengthen this idea, he then sets out the reasons that make it necessary to repair La Guaira,
strengthen Puerto Cabello and also strengthen the mouth of the Yaracuy river.
Towards the end (chapter XI), he conclusively emphasizes the motive that prompted him to study: "...
the main motive of all this work is to seek the most convenient means by which His Majesty is restored
to the legitimate collection of their rights so deteriorated by the frequentation of foreigners to their
maritime coast".
It is necessary to pay little attention to the examination of the Oiava-rriaga manuscript to realize what it
represents, either as a faithful reflection of the experiences lived by its author in Venezuela, or,
and above all, as a starting point and outline of plan of activities of the future Company of Guipúzcoa. On
the first point, it is enough to cite his repeated allusions to the conduct of certain Governors and the
problem of smuggling. As for the second, his deep interest in agriculture, the detailed review that he
makes of all the main cocoa farms in the Province with the count of the trees of each one; his fiery
panegyric of commerce as the father of prosperity; his insistence on the need to repair the fortifications
of La Guaira and the mouth of the Yaiacuy river and, above all, Puerto Cabello, which would thus be solid
bases for privateers who have to guard the coasts where smugglers now swarm; his return, again and
again, to the need to put an end to illicit trade so that the wealth of the Province does not go into the
hands of foreigners frequenting its maritime coast, stealing the legitimate collection of the rights with
which the Royal Treasury would have to obtain a healthy income, they show us the man who is
sowing the ideas in which the company whose constitution is coming will bear fruit, projecting
extensive activities in the fields of agriculture, commerce and navigation.

Foundation of the RC Guipuzcoana.

We lose track of Olavarriaga for a few years. As of 1723, we do not find his name in the Residence
records of Governor Portales y Meneses and in other documents where that of his companion Beato
still appears. This and the fact that the dedication of his book to the Viceroy of Santa Fe is at the hands
of the engineer Courten, as we have seen, lend all credibility to the suspicion that already within that
year of 1723 he returned to his land where, as soon as he could , he had to dedicate himself to making
proselytes for his Company project6.
During the following four years, his reports must have reached the circle of the highest Gipuzkoan
personalities, such as the Count of Peña-florida and others, and perhaps gained recognition in the Madrid
court.
The fact is that we know that, at least, by 1727 the project for a Basque-Venezuelan commercial
company had taken official status in Guipúzcoa, which appointed Don Felipe de Aguirre, secretary
of its Foral Board, as its special representative to discuss the matter with the Spanish minister
Patino. The conversations between the two crystallized in the agreement of September 25, 1728,
after clarifying some difficulties such as those that arose, for
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For example, of the modifications that in the normal regime of Spanish trade in America, supposed
that the traffic was carried out through Basque ports, as, in accordance with their ancient freedom,
the people of Gipuzkoa wanted.
In the Royal Certificate that heads the aforementioned agreement we read some paragraphs that
remind us of ideas that we learned about through our tour of Olavarriaga's "Instruction"; thus: "Inasmuch
as to remedy the shortage of cacao that was experienced in these my kingdoms, caused by the
lukewarmness of my vassals in applying themselves to the traffic of this kind with the provinces of
America without depending on the whim of foreigners who improperly and fraudulently they enjoyed...
And having in this state attended the Province of Guipúzcoa, offering for its part to obviate the great
damages and losses expressed with utility of my Royal Treasury, ... as long as I was of service to grant it
permission to navigate with Registry to Caracas two ships a year, from 40 to 50 cannons armed in war...
and that of corsairing on those coasts... I had the good will to order that this proposal be examined
with careful reflection..." The result of all of which, Making an extract from the article, it is as follows:

Art. 1.°.- That the natives of Guipúzcoa, forming a Company, have to send to Caracas two registry
ships each year, of forty to fifty cannons each, loading in them fruits of these Reynos and 6 others,-
However , after writing
this, we have found subsequent documents from his stay in Caracas, the last K of November 1726
in which he grants a general part "for all the lawsuits that (?) took place regarding the investigation and
inquiry that have been filed against me by the (?) Don Diego (?). Goods with which to exchange the
cacao and the rest of those places and when these ships arrive at La Guaira, the outbound Registry must
be verified. the rest to Puerto Cabello, carrying in it a Royal official or person of satisfaction that
the Royal Officials appointed so that he understands the rest of the discharge.

Until this diligence, the Registry Factors can freely traffic all the effects of the Registry. For the return,
they will pick up in Puerto Cabello and Caracas whatever merchandise they obtain from inland. The two
unloaded ships, alone or accompanied by smaller vessels, will go out to prevent illegal trade, being
able to extend their navigation from the Orinoco River to the Hacha River.

Art. 2. - That the ships will be loaded in the ports of Guipúzcoa and will make a direct trip to Caracas,
taking the records from the Judge of Arrivals of San Sebastián. And since in these ports there is
absolute exemption from rights, the Company will pay the equivalent of the exit rights by way of
service... "without this in any way harming the absolute frankness of Guipúzcoa in its own fruits
and in other businesses as it has always been practiced".
Art. 3. - That the ships of the Company on their return from the Indies have to bring to Cádiz. From there,
where they will pay the duties of all the cargo, the part that seems to the Company will be taken to
Cantabria, and from there the supply of cocoa and other fruits from the Indies to Guipúzcoa, etc., etc. will
be made.
Art. 4. - That the Company was made free of the tonnage right and other alcabalas, except the one
corresponding to the San Telmo Seminary in Seville.
Art. 5.°.- "That His Majesty reserves the right to grant similar permits to others of different
circumstances for the same commerce and navigation of Caracas, according to his Royal liking, without
for this reason stopping the Province from continuing its efforts, to continue the stipulated
armament".
Art. 6, °.- That the dams made by the Company do not have to pay any duties of alcabala...;
that they have to be distributed applying two thirds for the Company and the other third for officers and
crew; that this distribution will be done in Caracas by the Conservative Judge; that the Factors will be
able to sell the seized goods in stores in Caracas, etc., and that if portions of cocoa are found to be
left over, they can be sent to Veracruz in smaller vessels of their own (not in the two large Registry ships).
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Art. 7. - That the knowledge and determination of prizes corresponds to the particular Conservative
Judge, "approved by me", which must be the Governor who is or may be of Caracas, with inhibition
of Viceroys, Audiences, etc., etc., "despite my laws or orders to the contrary"; that the appeals will be
to the Council of the Indies; and that whenever there is legitimate cause "he will go on to remove
the said Conservative Judge."
Art. 8.°.- That the Company can assemble smaller vessels for coastal patrols...; and that the Sea
Captains' patents for the vessels referred to in Caracas must be issued in my Royal name by the
Governor of that Province of Caracas "only to the persons proposed by the Directors of the
Company."
Art. 9.°.- How foreign vessels or captured smugglers should be sent to Spain from Caracas,
loading cacao for Spain on the smaller vessels.
Art. 10.°.- That the Company's ships can also seize pirate and smuggler vessels, transmitting advance
notice to the ministry in case of seizures, before the ships leave those ports for Spain.

Art. 11. - That the Judge of Arrivals of Ships from the Indies had to be the one who knew about the
people who made the Company's ships upon their return to Spain, with appeal to the Council of the
Indies.
Art. 12. - That the Company was granted to make its first voyages to Caracas with ships even if they
were of foreign construction, relieving it of the corresponding rights "in consideration of the increased
expenses that it must have in this armament, so much to my Royal service..."
Art. 13.°.- That the Caracas Company is authorized to supply goods to the ports of Cumaná,
Trinidad and La Margarita when there is no record of Spain in them and so that they do not have a
pretext for smuggling.
Art. 14.°.- That in the event of a forced arrival of a ship of the Company to Maracaibo or Santa Marta,
help be given by His Majesty's employees who must not pretend to interfere in its cargo, etc.

according to their own laws known rather under the mistaken name of Fueros. The Cédula of Felipe V,
then, did nothing more than recognize that rule of law and respect it in the points in which he was
related to what was contracted; without granting privileges that were unnecessary.
When this contract was signed, Guipúzcoa ordered the constitution of a Commission chaired by Don
Francisco de Munibe e Idiaquez, Count of Peñaflorida, which on November 17, 1728 presented the
founding bases of the Company of Caracas. For the study of them, the Consulate of San Sebastián had
proceeded to collect pertinent information on the organization of companies, especially on that
of Ostend "as the best regulated and arranged on the basis of the others." With these foreign data,
on which the deep experience of those men from the lineage of compilers of the famous Ordinances
of the Illustrious University and Contracting House of Bilbao worked, which for centuries have
governed as Commercial Codes of Spanish America, They drafted these constitutive bases that,
once approved in Guipúzcoa, were sent by their Foral Government to the court of Spain where
they were also approved.

According to these bases, the Company was given a constitution similar to the modern anonymous
companies. Each share was 500 pesos. There were five directors with a salary of 5,000 pesos per
year each, who must be the owner of at least ten shares, and have knowledge of commerce, without
being able to be related to each other in the first or second degree of consanguinity. Every
five years, at most, they had to convene a General Meeting of shares in which those who possessed at
least eight shares would have a vote. The General Meeting is responsible for matters
concerning the good governance of the Company; regarding the establishment of offices, employees,
salaries and appointments and separation of directors and employees. Directors and reviewers
may not buy Company goods or supplies, nor sell them except at a public auction. Said directors will
provide what concerns the arming of ships
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and their construction. It would be their responsibility to appoint ship officers, without them being able to use
said Company vessels for their private business. A special provision called for a preliminary General
Meeting to be called when sufficient funds were on hand for the first boats. Along with these and other
provisions of a commercial order, we will mention these two of a religious and patriotic order: that
the Company was constituted under the patronage of San Ignacio de Loyola, and that the directors and
auditors had to be sworn in the city of San Sebastián, before the first Provincial Deputy of Guipúzcoa, the
observance of the
aforementioned agreement, as well as these bases and other provisions that the General Shareholders
Meetings agree upon.
The Real Compañía Guipuzcoana is constituted. The idea launched by Olavarriaga in Caracas, at the
beginning of the governorship of Portales y Meneses, embodied precisely at the end of his term. Simple
coincidence, no doubt; but one cannot fail to keep in mind the words of the historian Sucre when, referring
to the year 1725, he recalls "the very powerful influences that Portales must have had at court...
despite the promoters of the commercial company, men of valimiento in Madrid...", towards which, we
added, on our own account, she was to feel a mortal enemy, born of her bitter struggles in Caracas.

In any case, the Guipuzcoana was born, on which this is not the moment and it is not up to us
to judge. But we will record this fact: that if it is true that the eighteenth century, the one that, according to
Germán Ar-ciniegas, is characterized by the appearance of a new man who begins to speak and
express himself in American, is the one that determined Venezuela, as in the rest of America, the incubation
of national sentiment and the gestation of the independence movement, no one can deny the Guipúzcoa
Company, with all its successes and failures, the preponderant role it played in this land during that
century. Maestro Bello will know how to say it with conclusive words: "It is to the Guipuzcoana
Company that we must attribute the progress and the obstacles that have alternated in the political
regeneration of Venezuela."
3.- Government of Don Sebastián García de la Torre.
On July 15, 1730, the first three ships sent to Venezuela by the Guipuzcoan Company set sail from the
port of Pasajes, "after having received the blessings of the priests, and accompanied by the
religious songs of its inhabitants, they crossed the narrow pass, dug by nature between the high
mountains, which communicate the Bay of Pasajes with the Ocean"7. One of those ships was the frigate
"San Ignacio de Loyola" and many high-ranking employees of the Company came on board with Don
Pedro José de Olavarriaga at the helm and with them Infantry Colonel Don Sebastián García de la
Torre, appointed Governor and Captain General of Venezuela. At his request, the accountant certified
that 564 bales, 237 boxes, 20 barrels of merchandise and 159 baskets with crucibles had been registered
on these ships, measuring a total of 9,511 spans. (Various, XIV, fols. 283-96).

On September 4, he arrived at Puerto Cabello Olavarriaga with the three ships, and from there, as
director of the Company, "he directed a circular to the councils, informing them of his happy arrival
and asking them for some information to further ensure the success of his important commission.
Next, he ordered factories to be established in Caracas, La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, the Barquisimeto
and Coro valleys... Puerto Cabello was chosen as the center of his main warehouses."
"Until then, that population," we continue to quote Baralt, "was made up of nothing but miserable shacks
built by fishermen and smugglers from the islands; and having managed to constantly evade the
obedience of the government, it was less than a town, a den of bandits, a factory of the Dutch colonies
and asylum for criminals. The Company happily used its forces and resources to give order and
arrangement to the population, built some useful works in it and in the port, and very soon, when that little
society was regenerated, it grew and prospered considerably. ". Until here Baralt. For our part,
when reading what is said about the regeneration of Puerto Cabello and constructions in the city and
its port, the only thing that occurs to us is to refer the reader to Olavarriaga's "Instruction" where the need
for these works and improvements is, again and again, contemplated.

"At this same time," says Sucre, "the main office of the Company was established in Caracas.
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Gipuzkoan. Many of its officials, distinguished young men recently arrived from Spain, who had
brought recommendations from friends and relatives, and who, following the hospitable tradition of our
grandparents, had been hosted in the homes of the leading families; Eager to have fun and to make
their company sympathetic, they promoted a series of parties in which they introduced,
together with the new fashions in costumes, new less ceremonious social uses than those of the Austrian
court preserved in Caracas; Since then those of Guipúzcoa have been closely related to the
aristocratic society of Caracas. These novelías and the liberality of the Company at the beginning
of its foundation brought a lot of social animation and a great commercial and agricultural activity,
initiating a rapid material progress unknown in Caracas before. But after some time, and as in short
the favored of the Company were few and many were disenchanted, the complaints began, and
after them rumors of uprisings reached Caracas that soon became known to be true".

It was the Andresote rebellion.

Andresote's rebellion.
If there is one point on which the apologists and opponents of the Compañía Guipuzcoana agree, it
is this: that the first years of the Basque company were fruitful in goods not only for it, but also for
Venezuela and the Crown. These years in which —do not forget— he still did not enjoy, at least
legally, the exclusivity of the trade that he managed to achieve in 1742, are the ones that made
the author as severe towards the Company as he was, p. eg Baralt, to write: "Sometimes it was because
of the desire to win the affection of the natives, now because of the desire to establish itself at court in
order to obtain greater favors, it is true that in the early years the Company sold its merchandise at
higher prices, for Of course, than the Dutch, but moderate, who bought the fruits of the country without
enormous advantages, and, as a consequence, increased the public revenues with the duties of an
export that, if it was not actually greater compared to the country, was. no doubt about the treasury".
And we will not fail to quote here the words of Andrés Bello when, after making a brief historical
review of the first years of the Guipuzcoana, he writes: "The flattering perspective that we
have just presented will always justify the first years of the Company of the just objections that can be
opposed against the last ones that preceded its extinction" (Summary of the history of Venezuela).

No, the Andresote uprising, which so immediately followed the installation of the Company on Venezuelan
soil, was not the consequence of the despotic procedures of the Basque company as some want, nor
do we believe it can be claimed that it was a spontaneous outbreak of the Venezuelan national
consciousness at the beginning of gestation, as is estimated by others; "...that of the zambo was an
adventure in which we only see the appearance of the great chorus of agriculture embodied in the
blacks, the Indians and the mestizos" (Díaz Sánchez. "El Universal", 10-6-57). Adventure, we add,
raised, fostered and sustained not only with money and weapons, but with their own armed men, as we
will soon see, by those whom the installation and active operation of the Company had wounded to the
quickest of their hearts. interests and deprive them of the enormous profits they made in the clandestine
trade with Venezuela: the Dutch merchants from the neighboring island of Curaçao.

It is not our object here to make the history of that rebellion. Through the three volumes of the "File
on the zambo called Andresote" that were copied from the Archive of the Indies by the intelligent zeal
of Brother Nectario María and that can be consulted in the Archive of the Academy of History,
we will extract only what interests Olavarriaga's performance in this matter in which he had to participate
from the beginning.
It was up to Olavarriaga, as General Director of the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana, to start the process
against the rebels in the Yaracuy region. It will do so in two directions: the first, before the Spanish
authorities; the second, against the Dutch from Curacao.
In the first aspect, we see that Olavarriaga formulates a specific complaint (V. Piece 1 of Volume 1)
according to which "...it is notorious to find on the coasts of its valleys and especially in the Yaracuy
river, a zambo named Juan Andrés, alias "Andresote" raised against His Majesty and said Royal
Company with a large portion of Indians and runaway blacks armed with arrows, weapons
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of fire and other offensives; committing very serious insults, robberies and deaths, all in order to
keep the furtive trade alive with foreigners on said coasts, through the encouragement, favor and
help of foreigners with the same natives, to achieve the transfer and transport of their merchandise
and fruits"; "That being the first obligation of the Royal Company in my charge to prevent and
exterminate said trade, I have taken measures through the commissioners, two of them Domingo de
Urresti and Domingo de la Cruz Salamanca who going of investigation by the Yaracuy River they
were detained by Andresote and subjected to interrogation and he told them, among other things, that
any night he would loot the Puerto Cabello warehouse; that he had infinite friends like that in the city
as everywhere; It is also stated that in addition to the fifty men of the said Andresote's retinue, more
than sixty armed Dutchmen were incorporated with them who were involved in the trade and shipment
of different portions of cocoa and tobacco that went down the Yaracuy River in different canoes in
which three Dutch valandras were engaged in poaching trade" (an extreme that Olavarriaga proves with
solid testimonies: a letter from Aragüita that Nicolás López had addressed to him; written testimony
from Felipe Luis Alvarado; testimony from Juan Fuentes, etc.). "That said uprising only sounds like
made in order to keep the war alive the furtive trade in opposition to the embarrassment that is placed
on it by said Rl. Company to which as well as to the Royal Treasury causes very serious damage and
loss; That the inquiries be made and the necessary punishments applied; That if the announced
fire of the Puerto Cabello warehouses were to take place, it would never be found out if the Dutch did it
alone or dho. Andresote and the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana would be left without recourse to request
satisfaction for the damage; That there are "more than 20,000 Ethiopians" raised from their masters
who, like the uprising of black Miguel, would put this open and defenseless province in great danger", etc.

At the same time that he thus began the prosecution proceedings against the Yaracuy rebels,
Olavarriaga, proceeding in another direction, sent Juan José de UretaB to the island of Curaçao as
his attorney, who filed a lawsuit on the island containing different complaints about the hostilities
"committed by captains who sail from this island with the said Guipuzcoan Company and other
vassals of His Catholic Majesty of Spain", specifically accusing them of the intervention they had had in
the events of the Yuracuy and in the promotion of illicit treatment. But the Island Council very nicely stole
the body, providing, through its decision of February 18, that there was no reason to punish the captains
for having removed the cocoa that was supposedly made illegally, since there is written evidence
that it was paid for. until the last maravedí; but they are sentenced to pay for the "weapons and some
effects that some of their sailors" found abandoned along the way and were taken out of
Yaracuy.
Known is the end of the rebellion of Andresote. It is not our mission to deal with it here.
But we will draw attention to certain accusations that, in the "File" we are studying, are against the two
main actors in the repression: director Olavarriaga and Governor García de la Torre. The latter, in several
letters inserted at the end of the second of the three volumes of which the "File" is made up, is accused
by the Senior Accountant of Mainland Accounts, Dn. Martín Madera de los Ríos (the first letter is dated
February 9, 1732) of a series of "tyrannical injustices", as well as various crimes (robbery, etc.). As
for Olavarriaga, we see (statement by Pedro Matos, a neighbor of Barquisimeto) that the Dutch captains
accuse him of having introduced into the island (Curaçao) "portion of cargoes of tobacco and
cocoa". This, according to Andresote, who also told the declarant Matos that "of said introduction
made by Mr. Pedro de Olavarriaga, he intends to make information on the island of Curaçao which
has been offered very fully by the hands of its inhabitants to put it in the Council: this is the spite
with which he speaks and responds" (T. 1, f. 1).

The fact is that discord broke out between the two powers and the mutual accusations reached the
King with the result that he sent Ve 8.- We also
know that he granted power to D. Ignacio de l.uperena to represent him before the Government de
Carrasco in order to complete the extensive ones. Main Registry. Notary, year 1731, t. 5 ff- 311 (?) to
313. as Investigative
Judge and General commander with "superior authority to the Governor and Captain
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General and other Ministers of it" to Licenciado Don Martín de Lardizabal, of the Council of SM and who at the
time was the Mayor of Crime in the Royal Court of Zaragoza.
4.- Government of Don Martín de Lardizabal.

On December 15, 1732, Lardizabal took over the government, who immediately began his investigations, the
result of which, as regards García de la Torre specifically, ended in a sentence against him from which he
appealed to the Council of Indies. As the records were sent to Spain, there is not even a copy of said
sentence or of the Caracas Archive. outcome of the appeal. Only in the collection of Reales Cédulas can we
see one, dated in San Ildefonso on October 2, 1735, by which the King orders that García de la Torre be
allowed to leave the convent of San Francisco to return to Spain to report of his government. It is provided that
this be carried out on the first ship of the Gipuzkoan Company to make a trip to Caracas and that "the
aforementioned Governor Dn. Sevastian García de la Torre embarks with his wife and family", entrusting "the
commander of the Vessel with the care and good treatment that he should already have with his person until
he is delivered to the Court of the House of Contracting of the Indies that resides in Cádiz"; which was fulfilled
the following year.

Regarding Olavarriaga, we know that Governor García de la Torre had filed proceedings against him, Beato and
other factors of the Guipuzcoan Company "because of the illegal trade they had in Curaçao."

In the representation raised to the Governor and Captain General, "about how harmful the establishment of the
Guipuzcoan Company in the province has been", by Don Alejandro Blanco Villegas, Don Silvestre de Liendo
and Don Juan Vicente Bolívar (year 1734) it is requested, among other testimonies, that of those records that
should have been in the office of Don Faustino Areste y Reyna, "and in case of not finding them in dho. oficio,
certify it to us dho. Dn. Faustino declare the aforementioned Don Francisco Areste his predecessor under the
religion of Oath, if its whereabouts are known and in case of being found, also add adhos. autos". (Diversos,
XVII, ff. 14 vto., and 15).
9.- "Martin de Lardizabal y Elurza, of His Majesty's Council, resident in the city of Caracas and native of
the town of Segura, legitimate son of Mr. Francisco de Lardizabal and Mrs. Josefa de Elorza, ( ?), natives and
residents of Segura in the other town of Guipúzcoa... (?)

In the order of February 3, 1750, it can be seen that the said request is ordered to be attended to, stating
that "Dn. Faustino Areste y Reyna requests in his office the orders that these parties request and found that
they are given testimony to these parties." (Various, XVII, f. 18).
But (idem, f. 603 back)' 'it was due to the diliga, which appears in the records to the fo. Thirty-eight Bto. giving
the said Ssno as an answer. (D. Faustino Areste y Reyna) does not stop at his job because his father
did not give them to the Tpo. That I renounce it and that by virtue of the request that he made of the
aforementioned documents, the aforementioned his Father assured him that he had delivered and released them to Mr. Dn.
Martín de Lardizaval being Commander. gl. of this Province by virtue of the order that provided for it After I
took possession of this Government and being so that the recovery. and concealment of the aforementioned
documents Made by the Assistant and Sponsor of dha. Company so that the excesses of dhos were not
discovered. factors even to the first rudmtos. of its establishment in this Province that have continued until the
Tpo. present, cannot and should not harm the drug. of this day city in one of the most important points in which
its defense is founded and in these terms alleging for the merit of dhos. Records as if they were accumulated
to these, is constant resulting from them with the most powerful, conclusive and exuberant Justification
to foreign trade that I publish executed and practiced the aforementioned factors After they arrived in this
Province and the dha was established in it. Company Hasiend benir from the island of Curaçao with the
same publicity Valandras, and other vessels loaded with merchandise effects that they received on board
their own in exchange for cocoa and Tavaco q. They returned to the dha. Island of Curaçao the expressed
foreign vessels having those of dha. company closed their vodegas for more than six months in the Port of
Cavello without wanting to open them, and this voice was because they knew they did not even have twenty
parts of goods from Castilla to open the first fair as soon as possible, and alleviate the buyers interin and until so
much to get
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have the ones that came to them from dha. Island of Curaçao that in accordance with this relief they
opened dhas. vodegas and led to their stores for goods from Castilla and those that were actually
foreigners Brought from dha. Island of Curaçao: So that the aforementioned Governor cannot
tolerate the disbursement and publicity of these excesses, despite having said them. factors gratified and
brought in their own ships when the Company arrived on this day. Province, he was ordered to
prosecute them as he did from whose Summary Information these and many other Crimes were proven,
and from Merit being to provide by the aforementioned Governor the prison of dhos. factors and Seizure
of his Assets and effects of the aforementioned company to give account to SM reached this same Type.
to the Province with the Gl Command. of her and several commissions against the dho. Governor the
dho. Mr. Lardizaval due to the false indications that, due to the aforementioned factors, it had been
reported against those who no longer tolerated or allowed their excesses and with this sudden
arrival, suspending the Governor Don Sevastian the provision and execution of the prisons and embargoes,
they achieved with the new Judge of his own nation and his assistant, the one who not only did not
do Justice against the guilty but also collected by himself, that the... Devia Administer the dho.
Process and Summary Information Breaking it or hiding it so as not to manifest the crimes and
proceeding with the greatest rigor against the said Governor until q. they managed to suspend him and
separate him from his Govn. which continued the dho. Mr. Laidízaval Until the Injury of Mr. Gabriel de
Zuloaga in which nothing was corrected or amended, before they did get all the help they requested and
needed for the achievement of their Interests that they enjoyed with dhos. foreign businesses
obstructing them as it obstructs the Mentioned facieres. The merit of the aforementioned diliga, in
which it is confessed by the Ssno. the certainty and execution of dha. Summary information his extraction
and concealment by the person of the greatest power in this Province to whom he could not resist his
delivery, and this flat confession as a worst minister. as before Whom it was acted harms both these
Factors as if the dha process. Summaries were found in these proceedings, and because of them, those
who have continued the same excesses have been guilty of Delicio Crimen..." (Miscellaneous, Idem).

The passionate language of this unfinished exposition of Blanco y Villegas with which volume XVII of
the Miscellaneous collection of the General Archive of the Nation ends, should not make us lose sight of
two capital facts: the fact that, in effect, cars against Olavarriaga and other factors of the Company
due to the illegal trade that they supposedly did with Curaçao, and that these documents disappeared
suspiciously. A very sensitive disappearance, since it prevents us from knowing to what extent those
accusations of illicit trafficking that we saw made against Olavarriaga were true, for the first time
by Andresote, and to which García de la Torre gives legal form in the mentioned records.

We doubt that the peasantry and friendship led the new Investigative Judge and General Commander
Don Martín de Lardizabal to the willful concealment of evidence of which we have just seen him
accused. The truth is that "skillful judge and shrewd politician as he was, Lardizabal fulfilled all
the legal requirements and highlighted in his reports the real benefits that the Company had made to
agriculture, commerce and the treasury" (Sucre) and "the investigation he came out at ease, satisfaction
and complacency from this immaculate Company that by virtue of it was justified, canonized,
triumphant..." (Terrero), and that he communicated to the King, in his Consultation of July 8, 1733,
that it was not a charge some of those charged.
At the same time, the Company, whether it paid attention to what was real in those accusations
against Olavarriaga, whether it considered it a measure of good policy to counterbalance the effect that
the dismissal of its Governor, who had become declared an enemy of the people of Gipuzkoa, he
proceeded to remove Don Pedro de Olavarriaga from his position as Director, replacing him with Don
Nicolás de Francia.
And so, under the sign of smuggling, persecutor of him or persecuted because of him, as we saw
him enter, we see Dn.
Pedro Jose de Olavarriaga.
Bulletin of the National Academy of History, Caracas, April-June 1958.
Machine Translated by Google

VENEZUELA INDEX

1. Absence and presence dialogues 2.

Begona from Naguanagua 3.
Youth problem 4. Anvil
and hammer 5. This
is Pizkunde 6. Basque
artists in Venezuela 7. Dialogues
of emigrants 8. Letter from
Caracas 9. Men of
the Guipuzcoan Company 10. Politics and
Patriotism 11. The Basque
National Anthem 12. Simple
Ideas 13. Getxo
Symphony 14.Belford
Hinton Wilson 15. The
Basque case 16.
Resist and persist 17.
Export of cocoa 18.
Bibliographic information 19.
Bolívar and the Basques
20. To a young
Basque 21. Basque
humor 22. Three
emigrations 23. The
Bilbao of Bolívar 24. A
reflection of the
Basque Country 25. Towards Freedom
26. The books of Colonial Caracas 27. Publications of
the Cuatricentenary of Caracas 28. The Caracas "gens" of the Landaeta

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES. INDEX BY ALPHABETICAL ORDER

Machine Translated by Google

Index by alphabetical order:

• A young Basque. Eusko Gastedi, Caracas, 1965 • A young

Basque against Aberri. Gudari, Caracas
• Goodbye to . The Country, Montevideo, 1956
• Agur! El Plata, Montevideo, 1946
• Aguirre, Jose Antonio. El Universal, Caracas, 1960 • Aguirre,
Lope de. Caracas
• Albokas. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1946
• Aldasoro, Ramon. El Plata, Montevideo, 1952
• Something about the Basque character. Montevideo, 1952
• Andres de Urdaneta. El Universal, Caracas, 1965 •
ArambuTu. El Universal, Caracas, 1960 • Arana
Goiri, Sabino. El Universal, Caracas, 1965 • The Tree of .
The National, Caracas, 1958 •
Aretxabaleta, Lucio. El Universal, Caracas, 1967 • Arias
(Monsignor). El Universal, Caracas, October 7, 1959
• Basque Art. El Plata, Montevideo, 1955
• Arteche and his car. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, July 30, 1947 • Basque Artists.
Catalogue. Caracas, 1956 • Arturo Campion.
Montevideo, Caracas, 1954
B.

• Baroja, Pió. El Universal, Caracas, 1956 •

Basáñez, Jesus. Basque humor. El Nacional, Caracas, 1965 • Begoña de
Naguanagua. Eusko Gastedi, Caracas, 1956 • Belford Hinton Wüson.
Magazine of the Bolivarian Society, Caracas, 1961 • The Bilbao of Bolívar. Magazine of the
Bolivarian Society, Caracas, 1966 • From Bolívar to... El Universal, Caracas, 1961 •
Bolívar and the Basques. Magazine of the Bolivarian
Society of • Briceño Perozo, Mario.. Magazine of the General Archive of , 1964
the Nation, Caracas

C.

• Gallows. Caracas
• Campion, Arthur. El Plata, Montevideo, 1954
• Christmas songs. Montevideo, 1946
• Let's sing in Basque. Euzko Deya, Mexico, 1953
• Letter from Caracas. 1958
• Solar houses. The Day, Montevideo, 1948
• The Basque case. The National, Caracas, 1962 •
Castelao. El Plata, Montevideo, 1950
• The region and the world. El Plata, Montevideo, 1953
• Basque Community-a. El Plata, Montevideo, 1944 • With
freedom I do not offend. El Plata, Montevideo, 1950
• Congress of Basque Studies. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948..
Machine Translated by Google

• Contemplation. Reading Victor Hugo. El Plata, Montevideo, 1945 • Couture... El

Plata, Montevideo, 1948
• Culture and patriotism. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1957
D.

• Of the Basques... El País, Montevideo, 1951

• Of our lineage. Scaffold
• Defense of freedom. El Plata, Montevideo, 1949
• Two men and a people. El Plata, Montevideo, 1952
• The day of . The Country, Montevideo, 1949
• Current affairs dialogue. Buenos Aires, 1944
• Language dialogue. Bulletin of the Basque Institute of American Studies, 1950
• Dialogues of absence... Caracas, 1956 •
Dialogues of emigrants. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1958 • Dialogues
of the dead. Euzko Gastedi, Buenos Aires, 1943.
• Dissertation on Basque painting. The Morning, Montevideo, 1951
• Dr Couture. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948
AND

• Elcano. El Universal, Caracas, 1958 • In

defense of . Eusko Deya, Mexico, 1955
• On the tenth anniversary. Montevideo, 1947
• In memory of Guernika. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, March 30, 1944; The silver,
Montevideo, 1944
• On the Champs Elysées. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1943 • Essay on
the return. Euzko Deya, Mexico, 1953 • Erremin. Narciso de...
Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1965 • This is justice. El Plata,
Montevideo, 1951 • This is Pizkunde. Caracas, 1956

• Basque Studies. The Day, Montevideo, 1948

• The Guipuzcoana Company exports cocoa. El Farol, Caracas, 1963 • Exhibition...
Cabanas Oteiza... El Dia, Montevideo, 1951 ..

• Franco and Basque culture. El Plata, Montevideo, 1952 • Francisco

de Xabier. Basque Country, Montevideo
G.

• Gahndez. El Nacional, Caracas, 1959 • The

Caracas "gens" of the Landaeta. John Boulton Foundation Bulletin, Caracas, 1969 • Guernika. El Plata,
Montevideo, 1950 • Guernika. El Plata,
Montevideo, 1952
h

• He spoke yesterday at the University. The Morning, Montevideo, 1943

Machine Translated by Google

• Towards Freedom. Gudari, Caracas, 1969

• Basque Brotherhood. Euzko Gastedi, Buenos Aires, 1946
• The Basque National Anthem. Aberri, Caracas,
1959 • Men of the Company... Academy of History Bulletin, Caracas, 1958 •
Honoring Dardo Regules. The Silver, 1961
• Basque humour. The National, Caracas, 1965
Yo

• Ibarra Aguerrebere... El Plata, Montevideo, 1947

• Simple ideas. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1959 •
Ignacio (saint), El Plata, Montevideo, 1945
• Bibliographic Information. Magazine of the General Archive of the Nation, Caracas
• Jovial intermediate. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1943
• The invasion of Europe. El Plata, Montevideo, 1944
• Irureta Goyena. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1947
J

• Jesus de Galindez. El Universal, Caracas, 1959

• Jose Antonio de Aguirre. El Universal, Caracas, 1959
• Juan de Sarrasqueta. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1944
• Juan de Zumarraga. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948
floral games. El Plata, Montevideo, 1949

• Larraflaga. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948 •

Leizaola. Caracas, 1960 •
The Basque Language. Bulletin of the Institute of Philology, Montevideo,
1943 • Basque language. El País, Montevideo,
1944 • Language and nationality. The National, Caracas; Basque Country, Buenos
Aires, 1958 • Reading Victor Hugo. El Plata, Montevideo,
1945 • Basque Literature. Basque Center Magazine of
Caracas, Í957 • Lope de
Aguirre. Caracas • The books of Caracas... El Farol,
Caracas, 1969 • Lucio de Aretxabaleta. El Universal, Caracas, 1967

• Madariaga, Bolivar. El Nacional, Caracas, 1961 •

Martín de Ugalde. El Universal, Caracas, 1967 •
The martyrdom of Guernika. Montevideo, 1951
• Misery and honor. El Plata, Montevideo, 1950
Machine Translated by Google

• Monzón, Telesforo. Urrundik. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1946

No.

• Daffodil from Oyarzabal. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1965 • Nicolás

de Ormaetxea. Orixe. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1961 • Our Don Pío. The
National, Caracas, 1956
EITHER

• Orixe. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1961 •

Ormaetxea, Nicolás. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1961 • The other
grandson of the Tree of . Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1948
• Oyarzabal, Narciso. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1965
P

• The endearing landscapes. The Day, Montevideo, 1951 •

Words of thanks. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1945
• The good shepherd. El Universal, Caracas, 1959 •
Pelay Orozco. A reflection of... El Universal, Caracas, 1968
• Politics and patriotism. Euzko Deya, Mexico, 1958 • The
Prince of Viana. El Universal, Caracas, 1959 • Problems of
young people., Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1956 • The next
congress... Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1948 • Publications of the four-
centenary of Caracas. National Magazine of Culture, Caracas, • The town of the hermitages. Euzko Deya,
Buenos Aires, 1946
• The Basque people... Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1943
R.

• Ramon Maria de Aldasoro. El Plata, Montevideo, 1952 • The

Spanish reality under Franco. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948
• Regulate. El Plata, Montevideo, 1961 • Resist
and persist. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1962 • They fervently
prayed the rosary. El Plata, Montevideo, 1946
• The Cologne Oak. Cologne, 1944
S

• We will know how to comply. El Plata, Montevideo, 1949

• San Francisco Xavier. Basque Country, Montevideo
• Saint Ignatius of Loyola. El Plata, Montevideo, 1945
• Sarrasqueta. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1944
• A great friend left. El Plata, Montevideo, 1956
• Getxo Symphony. Euzko Gastedi, Caracas, 1959
you

• Three emigrations. Basque Center of Caracas, 1966

OR

• Ugalde, Martin. El Universal, Caracas, 1967

Machine Translated by Google

• A tree and a man... Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1944.

• A reflection of the Basque country. El Universal, Caracas, 1968 •
Unamuno. The universal. Literary Supplement. Caracas, 1967
• Uraga. Tribute. El Plata, Montevideo, 1952 • Urdaneta. El
Universal, Caracas, 1965 • Uruguay and Unesco.
1954 • Urrundik. Verses by Telesforo
Monzón. Euzko Deya, Buenos Aires, 1946
V

• The Basque Francisco de Vitoria. El Plata, Montevideo, 1950.

• The Basques sing... El Día, Montevideo, 1947 • The
Basques in Spanish Literature. Galeuzka, Buenos Aires, 1946
• Foreign travelers. Buenos Aires, 1943 • Victor Hugo.
El Plata, Montevideo, 1945 • Will to survive. Euzko
Deya, Buenos Aires, 1955 • Wilson, Belford Hinton. Magazine of the
Bolivarian Society of , Caracas, 1966

AND

• Anvil and hammer. Caracas, 1956

X

• Xavier, Francisco. Basque Country, Montevideo

• Zumarraga. El Plata, Montevideo, 1948

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES. CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX

BASQUE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

1. Basque. the basque language

2. The Basque language. Conference
3. Basque language day
4. The Basques in Spanish Literature
5. Euskera and
homeland 6. Congress of Basque Studies
7. Language Dialogue
8. Let's sing in Basque
9. In defense of Basque
10.Basque literature
11.Language and Nationality

GERNIKA.
Machine Translated by Google

1. In memory of Gernika. 9th Anniversary 2. The

Cologne Oak. Lampoon 3. A tree and
a man are new testimony of Gernika 4. On the tenth anniversary of
the destruction of Gernika 5. The other grandson of the Tree of
Gernika 6. Gernika. On the 13th anniversary
7. The martyrdom of Gernika 8.
Gernika. On the 15th
anniversary 9. Gernika. On the 17th
anniversary

URUGUAY.

1. The Basque people air 2.

On the Champs Elysées 3.
Jovial interlude 4. The
invasion of Europe 5. Basque-
Uruguayan community 6. Words of
thanks 7. Basque brotherhood 8.
"Albokas" and "albokaris"

9. Whoops!
10.They prayed the rosary fervently 11.The
town of the hermitages
12.Christmas songs 13.The
Basques sing and dance 14.Basque
studies 15.The solar
houses of the Basque Country 16.The
Spanish reality under Franco 17.Defense
of Liberty 18. "We will know
how to comply"
19.The Catalan Floral Games 20."With
Freedom, I neither offend nor fear"
21.Misery and honor of grammar 22.The
endearing landscapes 23.This
is the justice they order to do 24.Something
about the Basque character 25.Franco
and the Basque culture 26.Essay
on the return 27."The region
and the world "
28.Uruguay and UNESCO
29.Will to survive 30.Basque
Art 31.Goodbye
to Uruguay

The Great Basque Week in Montevideo

Index of what was written and published by Bingen Ametzaga during the months of October, November and
Machine Translated by Google

December 1943 in the Uruguayan press.

1. Basque Week 2.
Basque months 3.
Basque territory 4.
Anthropology 5.
Music 6.
Dance 7.
Games and sports 8.
Mythology 9.
Religion: heretics and witches
10.Basque
language 11.Basque
literature 12.Pastoral
suletinas 13.The
bertsolaris 14.Basque writers in
Spanish 15.Basque political
organization 16.Treaties
with England 17.Treaties of friendship and good
correspondence 18.The
tree of Gernika 19.Democracy and sense of human
dignity 20.Universal nobility aspects Jurisdiction
21.The Maíato tree
22.The Basque
woman 23.The
farmhouse 24.The iron
industry 25.Argiñas
and arotzas 26.Sailors and
discoverers 27.Colonizers and
founders 28.Garibai, Urkiza, Alberdi, Larrañaga...
29. "Short on words..."
30."Basque word 31."
"
Basque brother "

VENEZUELA.

1. Absence and presence dialogues

2. Begona from Naguanagua
3. Youth problem
4. Anvil and hammer
5. This is Pizkunde
6. Basque artists in Venezuela
7. Dialogues of emigrants
Machine Translated by Google

8. Letter from Caracas

9. Men of the Guipuzcoan Company
10.Politics and Patriotism
11.The Basque National Anthem
12. Simple ideas
13.Gexcho Symphony
14. Belford Hinton Wilson
15. The Basque case
16.Resist and persist
17. Export of cocoa
18. Bibliographic information
19.Bolívar and the Basques
20. To a young Basque
21.Basque humor
22.Three emigrations
23.Bolivar's Bilbao
24. A reflection of the Basque Country
25.Towards Freedom
26. The books of Colonial Caracas
27. Publications of the Cuatricentenary of Caracas
28. The Caracas "gens" of the Landaeta

BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEWS

1. Ramon Maria Aldasoro 2.

Jose Antonio Aguirre 3. Lope
de Aguirre in his Purgatory 4. Aramburu 5.
Sabino de
Arana the Basque Liberator 6. Lucio de
Aretxabaleta 7. The Good
Shepherd Monsignor Arias 8. Artetxe and
his car, the punishment of the gods 9. Our Don Pio
Baroja and Nessi 10. From Bolivar to
Zaldivar 11. Madariaga
Bolivar and the Basques 12. From our
lineage Jose de Cadalso 13. Arturo Campion
and Jayme Bon 14. Castelao and his
Death 15. Doctor Couture
16.Current Dialogues
17.Dialogues of the Dead 18.El
Cano, Juan Sebastian
19.Francisco de Xabier 20.Jesus
de Galindez
Machine Translated by Google

21.San Ignacio and the

Euskera 22.Irureta Goyena and the Basques
sensitive loss 23.Larranaga, the
Uruguayan Honorable 24.Leizaola Culture
and Responsibility 25.Urrundik verses by
Telesforo
Monzon 26.Orixe
27.Narciso de Oyarzabal
28.The Prince of Viana
29.Honoring Dardo
Regulez 30.Juan
Sarrasqueta 31.Martin de Ugalde 32.In Homage to the
memory of Don Juan de
Uraga 33.Andres de
Urdaneta 34.Reading Victor Hugo
35.The Basque Francisco de Vitoria
36.Foreign travelers in
Vasconia 37.Juan de Zumarraga 38.Two men and a people

COMPLETE WORKS

I) INDEX COMPLETE WORKS PUBLISHED ON THE INTERNET

I.1 Linea de Vida and its Work-site on the Internet that bears its name

I.2 Bio-Bibliographic Note

I.3 Poems in Basque Total Compilation (69)

I.4 Conferences Total Compilation (92)

I,5 Journalistic Articles Total Compilation (110)

I.6 Press articles - topic: Basque Language

I.7 Press articles - topic: Gernika

I.8 Press articles - Country Uruguay

Machine Translated by Google

I.9 Press articles - Country Venezuela

I.10 List of his Works as Author

I.11 Biographical Profiles

I.12 Direct translations into Basque

I.13 Published Works

I.14 Basque Week in Montevideo

I.15 Class Cycle

I,16 Biography in Basque

I.17 Internet site that bears his name in Basque

I.18 Homesickness

I.19 Newspaper Articles Chronological Index

I.20 Newspaper Articles Alphabetical Index

I.21 Correlative index of their Productions through different genres (500)

I.22 Unpublished – Unpublished Works

I.23 Press - in various countries that published the articles by Vicente Amezaga

I.24 Countries in which the work of Vicente Amezaga Aresti was published

I.25 Countries in which Vicente Amezaga Aresti lived

II) COMPLETE WORKS - Books Published on the Internet

II.1 The Basque Man

II.2 Men of the Guipuzcoan Company

II.3 The Basque Element in the Venezuelan 18th century

II.4 Vicente Antonio de Icuza

Machine Translated by Google

III) DIRECT TRANSLATIONS INTO BASQUE (74)

III.1 ENGLISH-BASQUE translations (21)

III.2 GAZTELERA-EUSKARA translations (24)

III.3 FRANTSE-EUSKARA translations (6)

III.4 ITALY-BASQUE translations (4)

III.5 GERMAN-BASQUE translations (1)

III.6 GREKOA-EUSKARA translations (3)

III.7 LATIN-BASQUE translations (8)

III.8 Translations EUSKARA-GAZTELERA (4)

III.9 INGELESA-GAZTELERA translations (3)

IV) INDEX of RELATED TOPICS. Books published by your children;

IV.1 Nere Aita - the Basque Exile - Mirentxu Amezaga - Editorial Txertoa 1991

IV.2 Chronicles of the Alsina - Arantzazu Amezaga de Irujo - Editorial Xamezaga

2010

IV.3 Chronicles of Bustiñaga - Arantzazu Amezaga de Irujo - Editorial Xamezaga 2011

V) Index of References of Third Parties in Relation to their Published Works

V.1 Index of References of Third Parties in Relation to their Published Works

V.2 References to other publications on the Internet, where the work of Vicente
de Amezaga Aresti is reviewed

VI) His Children Write;

Machine Translated by Google

VI.1 The three Boats that carried Ama and Aita

VI.2 Crossing

VI.3 the woman who accompanied Vicente de Amezaga Aresti

VI.4 Tribute and my dedication to Mercedes Iribarren, his wife and my Mistress

VI.5 Gure Ama

VI.6 Life of Mercedes Iribarren de Ametzaga - Our Mother

VI.7 My hands want to talk - my poem to my Mistress

VI.8 Background

VII) His Children Write after his death;

VII.1 To my Aita

VII.2 The song of my Father

VIII) Other aspects

VIII.1 Family Reunion in his Memory

VIII.2 Exodus

VIII.3 Commission for the Cuatricentennial of Caracas

VIII.4 Inauguration of the Plaza that bears his name in Algorta

VIII.5 His Little Poem in the Obituary Note February 4, 1969

VIII.6 Journey of the Genes Ametzaga Iribarren

Machine Translated by Google

VIII.7 Website in honor of Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

IX) All your Published Work converted into PDF Format - can be read on e-Book devices

IX.1 a-Bolívar

IX.2 Amézaga Vicente Author Irujo Ametzaga Xabier

IX.3 amatxu

IX.4 Ametzaga Arestitar Bingenen

IX.5 a-mi aita Bingen

IX.6 Press Articles

IX.7 Bio Biography

IX.8 Biography in Basque

IX.9 Wedding-and-Escape

IX.10 Christmas songs

IX.11 Catalog of Works

IX.12 Class Cycle

IX.13 Conference Cycle

IX.14 Chronicles of the Alsina

IX.15 Chronicles of Bustiñaga

IX.16 Banished

IX.17 The Basque Element in the Venezuelan 18th Century

IX.18 The Basque Man

IX.19 Biographical Sketches

IX.20 Gure-Ama

IX.21 Tribute and dedication to Mercedes Iribarren

Machine Translated by Google

IX.22 Information-Blog

IX.23 Inugration-monument-talks

IX.24 The Basque Diaspora, and its men

IX.25 The Woman who accompanied Vicente de Ametzaga

IX.26 The seven seas

IX.27 The Three Boats that carried Ama and Aita

IX.28 The Men of the Guipuzcoan Company

IX.29 Homesickness

IX.30 Biographical Note

IX.31 Published Works

IX.32 Our-Mother

IX.33 Platero-eta-Biok

IX.34 Poems

IX.35 Prometeu Burdineta

IX.36 Reading baitegiko leloa

IX.37 Third-Party-References

IX.38 List of Writings as Author

IX.39 Biographical Reviews

IX.40 Montevideo Basque Week

IX.41 Montevideo Basque Week Index of Articles

IX.42 about-surnames-Venezuelan

IX.43 Just because she quietly

IX.44 The Lives of Vicente Amezaga and Mercedes Iribarren

IX.45 Translations
Machine Translated by Google

IX.46 Translation of literary works into Basque

IX.47 Uruguay my country that I leave very soon

IX.48 Journey of the Genes

IX.49 Vicente Antonio de Icuza

X) EDITORIAL XAMEZAGA - All his work published in the Catalog of Works

X.1 To my Aita - Bingen Amezaga

X.2 a-Bolivar, Vicente de Amezaga Aresti

X.3 Amatxu

X.4 Ametzaga Arestitar Bingenen

X.5 Press Articles - Author Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.6 Press Articles (several Countries) - Vicente Ametzaga Aresti

X.7 Biography Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.8 Blog created in homage to Mercedes Iribarren

X.9 Blog created in honor of Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.9 Christmas songs

X.10 Catalog of works - Vicente de Amezaga Aresti

X.11 Lecture Series - Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.12 Cycle of Classes on Basque Culture - Vicente de Ametzga Aresti

X.13 Congress of Basque Studies from September 12 to 19 in Biarritz.

X.14 Chronicles of Bustiñaga

X.15 Chronicles of the Alsina

X.16 Editorial Xamezaga

X.17 Editorial Xamezaga - Catalog of Published Works

Machine Translated by Google

X.18 The Bilbao of Bolivar

X.19 The Basque Element in the Venezuelan 18th Century

X.18 The Basque Man

X.19 The Renaissance: Don Carlos, Prince of Viana (1421-1461

X.20 Biographical Sketches

X.21 Gure Ama - Mercedes Iribarren Gorostegui

X.22 Hamlet -Danemark'eko Erregegaia -Ametzaga Aresti tar Bingen'ek

X.23 Men of the Gipuzkoan Company

X.24 Inauguration of Plaza Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.25 Index of Titles of Articles. Press -Vicente Amezaga - on Wikipedia

X.26 Information content of the Vicente Amezaga Aresti Blog

X.27 The Basque Diaspora and its Men

X.28 The Great Basque Week in Montevideo -1943

X.29 The Woman who accompanied Vicente de Ametzaga

X.30 The Seven Seas

X.31 The Three Ships that took Ama and Aita-Marseille to Buenos Aires

X.32 The Basques in the Venezuelan 18th century - Etymology of Basque surnames

X.33 Mercedes Iribarren - Gure Ama

X.34 Mercedes Iribarren de Ametzaga - Our Nother

X.35 Mercedes Iribarren - The woman who accompanied Vicente de Ametzaga

X.36 My country that I left very young

X.37 My hands want to talk

X.38 Sailing the Seven Seas of my Parents

X.39 Nostalgia - Author Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

Machine Translated by Google

X.40 Works by Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti Published Editorial Xamezaga

X.41 Pello Maria Irujo Elizalde, profile

X.42 Silversmith eta Biok

X.43 Poems by Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.44 Editorial Presentation Xamezaga

X.45 Prometeu burdinetan - Eskilo

X.46 Reading Baitegiko Leloa

X.47 Third-Party-References about the Work of Vicente Amezaga Aresti

X.48 List of Written Works by Vicente Ametzaga Aresti as Author

X.49 Biographical Reviews by Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.50 Basque Cultural Week - Montevideo –1943

X.51 Surnames-Venezuelan

X.52 Just Because She in Quiet Form

X.53 The Lives of Vicente Amezaga and Mercedes Iribarren

X.54 The Woman Accompanying Ametzaga Vincent

X.55 Translations into several languages - Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti

X.56 Uruguay, my country that I left very soon

X.57 Candles for the Sorgiñas of Zugarramurdi.

X.58 Journey of the Genes, Ametzaga - Iribarren

X.59 Vicente Ametzaga Aresti - Background: his Life and Work

X.60 Vicente Ametzaga Aresti - Biography and his works on Wikipedia

X.61 Vicente-Antonio de Icuza

X.62 Xabier Iñaki Ametzaga Iribarren - information published on Wikipedia

Machine Translated by Google

XI) Vicente de Amezaga Aresti - Town created in Wikispace with his name and his Work in
PDF

XI.1 Vicente Amezaga Aresti - Town created in Wikispace with his name

XI.2 to Bolivar

XI.3 To my Aita

XI.4 Vicente Amezaga according to Xabier Irujo

XI.5 Amatxu

XI.6 Ametzaga Arestitar Bingenen

XI.7 Press Articles - fully compiled

XI.8 Biography in Basque

XI.9 Blog with your name - Content

XI.10 Wedding and Escape

XI.11 Christmas Song

XI.12 Catalog of Works

XI.13 Classes

XI.14 Conferences

XI.15 Basque Studies Congress

XI.16 Chronicles of Bustiñaga

XI.17 Chronicles of the Alsina

XI.18 Banished

XI.19 Two Men

XI.20 The Bilbao of Bolivar

XI.21 The Renaissance

XI.22 The Basque Element in the Venezuelan 18th Century

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XI.23 The Basque Man

XI.24 Biographical Sketches

XI.25 Etymology of Basque surnames in the Venezuelan 18th century

XI.26 Gure Ama

XI.27 Hamlet

XI.28 Homage and dedication to Mercedes Iribarren, my mistress

XI.29 Correlative Index of Production through the genera that the crop

XI.30 Inauguration Plaza Vicente Amezaga Aresti

XI.31 The Basque Diaspora and its men

XI.32 The woman who accompanied Vicente Amezaga Aresti

XI.33 The Seven Seas

XI.34 The three ships that carried Ama and Aita

XI.35 The Basques in the founding of Caracas

XI.36 The men of the Gipuzkoan Company

XI.37 Mercedes Iribarren Gorostegui, gure loves

XI.38 Homesickness

XI.39 Biographical Note

XI.40 Published Works

XI.41 Our Mother

XI.42 Platero ta Biok

XI.43 Poems

XI.44 Prometheus Burdinetan

XI.45 Reading Baitegiko leloa

XI.46 Third Party References

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XI.47 Relation of his writings

XI.48 Biographical Summary

XI.49 Basque Week index of articles

XI.50 Basque Week Montevideo 1943

XI.51 About Venezuelan surnames

XI.52 Just because she quietly

XI.53 The Lives of Vicente Amezaga and Mercedes Iribarren

XI.54 Translation of various works in source languages into Basque

XI.55 Uruguay, my country that I left very soon

XI.56 Gene journey Amezaga Iribarren

XI.57 Vicente Antonio de Icuza

XII) His Son Xabier Iñaki Ametzaga Creates an Internet Site in Homage to Vicente de
Ametzaga

XII.1 Website in honor of Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti Year 2009

XII.2 Editorial Xamezaga - All his Published Work - Year 2010

XII.3 All your Published Work converted into a Format to be read in - Electronic Book e-Book
- Year 2011

XII.4 All his Published Work and Biography on Wikipedia - locality - Vicente Amezaga Aresti -
Year 2011

XII.5 All his Published Work - available locally - e-Cloud - Vicente Amezaga Aresti - Year
2012

Dedication and my tribute to Mercedes Iribarren Gorostegui - His wife and my mistress
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Website in honor of Vicente de Ametzaga Aresti.

The only site on the Internet, of complete reference, that bears his name, his life and his Work totally published on
the Internet,

Poetry, Press Articles, his Books, thus completing and closing all that had been written in books about him and his life.

Creation, Edition and contact: Xabier Amezaga Iribarren e-mail:

xabieramezaga@gmail.com

Blog Xabier Amezaga Iribarren

Publishers related to your Publications

Editorial Xamezaga In its catalog of Published Works, all the Works of Vicente de
Ametzaga