GED 104 – TCW REVIEWER
3. availability: availability of adequate supply
1. Contributions of remittance to economic growth.
- In contributing to foreign exchange
earnings, remittances can spur economic
growth by improving sending countries’
credit worthiness and expanding their
access to international capital markets.
2. Achille Guillard, a Belgian statistician, in 1855
- He is credited for coining the term “demography”.
3. Centers of Political Influence - indicator of a
Global City describes how a city gains power and
global reach through the major international
organizations it houses
4. Global City - An urban center that enjoys
significant competitive advantages and serves as a
hub within a globalized economic system.
5. Truth about global cities. Read page 85-87 UNIT
V interconnected through the use of new
6. Socio-political Factor - to which category of
reasons for migration does situations of war,
oppression and lack of socio-political rights fall
under?
7. Globalization - It has made migration possible
and an inevitable fact.
8. Refugees - Group of migrating people known as
asylum-seekers.
9. The dimensions of food security emphasized
by the widely accepted definition of food
security:
1. food access: access to adequate
resources to acquire a healthy and
nutritious diet
2. food use: use of food through adequate
diet, clean water and health care to reach
the state of a healthy well-being
of food, produced either through domestic
or foreign import
4. stability: access to sufficient food at all
times, without losing access to food supply
brought by either economic or climatic crisis
10. Stage 2 - it is the stage in the Theory of
Demographic Transition where death rates drop
due to improvement in food supply and sanitation.
11. The Modernist Perspective - this is the
perspective of most intellectuals and academics
which sees religion revivals as sometimes being a
reaction to Enlightenment and Modernization.
12. Global village
- a term coined by Marshall MacLuhan in
early 1960’s, a Canadian media theorist,
- This is a term that expresses the idea that
people throughout the world are
media technologies.
13. Stability - the dimension of food security which
describes having access to sufficient food at all
times, without losing access to food supply brought
by either economic or climatic crisis.
14. The world’s leading environmental
problems. The Conserve Energy Future website
lists the following environmental challenges that the
world faces today:
1. Depredation caused by industrial and
transportation toxins and plastic in the
ground; the defiling of the sea, rivers, and
water beds by oil spills and acid rain; the
dumping of urban waste
2. Changes in global weather patterns (flash
floods, extreme snowstorms, and the
spread of deserts) and the surge in ocean
and land temperatures leading to a rise in
sea levels (as the polar ice caps melt
 because of the weather), plus the flooding
of many lowland areas across the world
3. Overpopulation
4. Exhaustion of the world’s natural
non-renewable resources from oil reserves
to minerals to potable water
5. Waste disposal catastrophe due to
excessive amount of waste (from plastic to
food packages to electronic waste)
unloaded by communities in landfills as well
as on the ocean; and dumping of nuclear
waste
6. Destruction of million-year-old ecosystems
and the loss of biodiversity (destruction of
the coral reefs and massive deforestation)
that have led to the extinction of particular
species and decline in the number of others
7. Reduction of oxygen and increase in carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere due to
deforestation, resulting in the rise in ocean
acidity by as much as 150 percent in the
last 250 years
8. Depletion of ozone layer protecting the
planet from the sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays
due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the
atmosphere
9. Deadly acid rain as a result of fossil fuel
combustion, toxic chemicals from erupting
volcanoes, and the massive rotting
vegetables filling up garbage dumps or left
on the streets
10. Water pollution arising from industrial and
community waste residues seeping into
underground water tables, rivers and seas
11. Urban sprawls that continue to expand as a
city turns into a megalopolis, destroying
farmlands, increasing traffic gridlock, and
making smog cloud a permanent urban
fixture
12. Pandemics and other threats to public
health arising from wastes with drinking
water, polluted environment that become
the breeding grounds for mosquitoes and
disease carrying rodents, and pollution
13. A radical alteration of food systems because
of genetic modifications in food production
15. Effects of greenhouse gases.
- Greenhouse gases, gases that trap
sunlight and heat in the earth’s atmosphere,
contribute greatly to global warming.
- This process causes the melting of land-
based and glacial ice with potentially
catastrophic effects, the possibility of
substantial flooding, a reduction in the
alkalinity of the oceans, and the
destruction of existing ecosystems.
Ultimately, global warming poses a threat to
the global supply of food as well as to
human health.
16. International Migration
- people crossing the borders of one country
to another.
17. Internal Migration
- people moving from one area to another
within one country.
18. Slavery and Political Instability
- The two main historical cultural reasons
which led to forced international migration.
19. Form of books, pamphlets and newspapers
- The first type of Printing Press allows mass
production of uniform printed matter, mainly
text in the form of:
20. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
in its paragraph 14 - this ‘agenda’ identifies
climate change as, “one of the greatest challenges
of our time,” and worries about “its adverse
impacts undermine the ability of all countries to
achieve sustainable development.”
21. What is World Music
- World music is defined as the umbrella
category in which various types of traditional
and non Western music are produced for
Western consumption. It is a label of
industrial origin that refers to an
amalgamated global marketplace of sounds
as ethnic commodities
22.The following are the consequences of the
printing press
1. The printing press changed the very nature
of knowledge. It preserved knowledge which
had been more malleable in oral cultures. It
also standardized knowledge.
2. Print encouraged the challenge of political
and religious authority because of its ability
to circulate competing views. Printing press
encouraged the literacy of the public and
the growth of schools.
23. Vernacularization
- An example of this form of glocalization is
Islam wherein Arabic is the religion’s sacred
language.
24. Stages of demographic transition. (read pg
90-91, unit V)
Demographic transition theory suggests that
future population growth will develop along a
predictable four- or five-stage model.
● Stage 1 - pre-industrial society, death rates
and birth rates are high and roughly in
balance.
● Stage 2 - that of a developing country,
death rates drop rapidly due to
improvements in food supply and sanitation,
which increase life spans and reduce
disease.
● Stage 3 - birth rates fall.
● Stage 4 - there are both low birth rates and
low death rates.
● Stage 5 (Debated) - Some scholars
delineate a separate fifth stage of
below-replacement fertility levels. Others
hypothesize a different stage five involving
an increase in fertility.
25. A prediction for Stage 4 of demographic
transition?
- By the late 20th century, birth rates and
death rates in developed countries leveled
off at lower rates.
26. 5 Groups of migrants and examples.
● 1st: (immigrants) move permanently to
another country
● 2nd: (workers) stay in another country for a
fixed period (at least 6 months in a year).
● 3rd: Illegal immigrants
● 4th: migrants whose families have
“petitioned” them to move to the destination
country
● 5th: refugees (also known as
asylum-seekers), i.e., those “unable or
unwilling to return because of a
well-founded fear of persecution on account
of race, religion, nationality, membership in
a particular social group, or political opinion.
27. Manifestations of loss of biodiversity.-
Destruction of million-year-old ecosystems and the
loss of biodiversity (destruction of
the coral reefs and massive deforestation) that
have led to the extinction of particular species and
decline in the number of others
28. Environmental challenges affect food
security.
 - A major environmental problem is the
destruction of natural habitats, particularly
through deforestation. Industrial fishing has
contributed to a significant destruction of
marine life and ecosystems. Biodiversity
and usable farmland have also declined at a
rapid pace.
- Another significant environmental challenge
is that of the decline in the availability of
freshwater. Because of the degradation of
soil or desertification, decline in water
supply has transformed what was once
considered a public good into a privatized
commodity. The problem is further
intensified by the consumption of “virtual
water”, wherein people use up water from
elsewhere to produce consumer
products.The destruction of the water
ecosystem may lead to the creation of
“climate refugees, people who are forcibly
displaced due to effects of climate change
and disasters.
29. Things to check to ensure food security.
30. Measures that will address food insecurity.
- Destruction of million-year-old ecosystems
and the loss of biodiversity (destruction of
the coral reefs and massive deforestation)
that have led to the extinction of particular
species and decline in the number of others
31. Global citizenship as a choice and a way of
thinking.
- One of the Salient Features of Global
Citizenship
- People come to consider themselves as
global citizens through various formative life
experiences and have different
interpretations of what it means to them. For
many, the practice of global citizenship is
primarily exercised at home through
engagement in global issues or with
different cultures in a local setting. For
others, global citizenship means firsthand
experience with different countries, people
and cultures.
32. third form of resistance relates to helping
the bottom billion
- approach to global economic resistance
requires increasing aid to marginalized
people
33. Attributes of resistance to globalization.
- Like globalization, resistance to
globalization is multiple, complex,
contradictory, and ambiguous. This
movement also has the potential to emerge
as the new public sphere, which may uphold
progressive values such as autonomy,
democracy, peace, ecological sustainability,
and social justice. These forces of
resistance are products of globalization and
can be seen as globalization from below.
Remember!
34. The advancement of media and
transportation technology made globalization
possible in the 1900s.
35. Globalization and media made people
throughout the world connected through the use of
new media technologies.
36. The idea of global citizenship demands the
creation of rights and obligations.
37. Media globalization internationalized most
national media systems.
38. Writing is the principal technology for
collecting, manipulating, storing, retrieving,
communicating and disseminating information.
39. Computer is considered the most important
media influencing globalization.
40. Humans communicated and shared knowledge
and ideas through script, the very first writing.
41. Climate change is often seen as a part of the
broader challenge in sustainable development thru
a two-fold link.
42. According to Brundtland Report, also known
as Our Common Future, “sustainable
development is development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”
43. Pandemics and other threats to public
health arising from wastes with drinking water,
polluted environment that become the breeding
grounds for mosquitoes and disease carrying
rodents, and pollution.
44. The use of ethanol as an alternative to
gasoline is less efficient and has led to escalation
in the price of corn, which currently serves as major
source of ethanol.
45. Increased in trade barriers would reduce the
economic marginalization of the bottom billion and
their nations.
46. In the 20th century, the only available mass
media in remote villages was the radio while film
was soon developed as an artistic medium for great
cultural expression.
47. Birth rate decline can also be caused by a
transition in values; not just because of the
availability of contraceptives.
48. Demand for food will be 60% greater than it is
today and the challenge of food security requires
the world to feed 9 billion people by 2050.
49. Migration has contributed to deterritorialization
of religion or the appearance of religious traditions
in varied places.
50. With religious universalism, religion is going
global.
51. Globalization brings about the success of
expressive individualism.
52. Copenhagen is considered as a center of
higher learning and culture for being one of the
culinary capitals of the world.
53. Singapore is considered as Asia’s most
competitive city for having a strong market, efficient
and incorruptible government.
54. Pandemics and other threats to public health
arising from wastes with drinking water, polluted
environments that become the breeding grounds
for mosquitoes and disease carrying rodents, and
pollution.
55. Food systems are radically altered through
genetic modifications in food production
56. Food systems are radically altered through
genetic modifications in food production
57. Natural non-renewable resources are
exhausted from oil reserves to minerals to potable
water
58. Species become extinct due to destruction of
ecosystems and loss of biodiversity