Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 12

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/305639696

Managing Variations in Process Control: An Overview of Sources and


Degradation Methods

Article  in  Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing · January 2017


DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41685-4_34

CITATIONS READS

10 885

2 authors, including:

Beata Mrugalska
Poznan University of Technology
98 PUBLICATIONS   1,081 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Special Issue "Human Factor in Lean Production" - Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050) IF=2.592 View project

Social Computing and Analytics Lab View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Beata Mrugalska on 10 October 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


01213423516417482942
68 99 82768
2 64 886 912 36117482
0 789
 1710631911216 61

9761 7 !"#$%&'!"(!)*'$('&(+!(%',$-,('.'%/#,&+01'!')(!)'!"(1/$+*(!)
'!21'!-0',&-$(!)+$/$+"-,&"#*#.+/1#!&/$+,#%%345(%/'/#$(!*#%&()'&#%%+-$,#%
+0*'$('&(+!%(!/$+,#%%,+!&$+.36&%5+7%1'(!%+-$,#%+0*'$('8(.(&2%-,5'%',&-'.
/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%+$1#'%-$#1#!&*'$('&(+!%39+$#+*#$:(&'&&#1/&&+,.'%%(02
,'-%#%+0*'$('&(+!3;'%#"+!%&'&#<+0<&5#<'$&$#%#'$,51#&5+"%:$#%#'$,5#$%'$#'8.#
&+(!*#%&()'&#*'$('8(.(&2'!""#*#.+/'/$+,#%%&+1(!(1(=#&5#!#)'&(*#(1/',&+0
*'$('8(.(&2+!/$+,#%%#%36!/'$&(,-.'$'&&#!&(+!(%&5#$+.#+05-1'!0',&+$%'!"(&%
"(*#$%#(1/',&+!/$+,#%%,+!&$+.3
A A A
> ?869@$+,#%%,+!&$+. @$+,#%%*'$('&(+! B#'!&5(!C(!) D&'&(%&(,'./$+,#%%
A
,+!&$+. 9#'%-$#1#!&*'$('&(+!

E F2768 7482
6!&5#.'%&0#7"#,'"#%:&5#!-18#$+0!#7/$+"-,&(!&$+"-,&(+!%5'%(!,$#'%#"
"$'1'&(,'..23G+7#*#$:&5#,$-#.$#'.(&2(%&5'&&5#1'H+$(&2+0&5#15'*#!#*#$
.'-!,5#"&+&5#1'$C#&'!"1+%&0',#"0'(.-$#36!'!(!,$#'%(!),+1/#&(&(*##!*(<
$+!1#!&:0+$'/$+"-,&&+8#%-,,#%%0-.(&$#I-($#%#J,#..#!,#'.+!)(&%#!&($#"#*#.<
+/1#!&/$+,#%%KL:MN3@$+"-,&"#*#.+/1#!&%5+-."$#.2+!,-%&+1#$<"$(*#!"#%()!:
75(,5(%&5#&5+-)5&0-.#J'1(!'&(+!%&'$&(!)0$+1(&%+-&1+%&/#$(/5#$2&+&5#,+$#3
G+7#*#$:(!/$',&(,#(&(%%&(..%+1#&(1#%',5'..#!)#0+$&5#/$+"-,#$%&+/$+*("#
I-'.(&2/#$0+$1'!,#:$#.('8(.(&2'!"1'(!&'(!'8(.(&275(,5,'!.#'"&+.+!)#$/$+"-,&
;39$-)'.%C'OPQ
@+=!'! !(*#$%(&2+04#,5!+.+)2R',-.&2+0S!)(!##$(!)9'!')#1#!&:
-.3D&$=#.#,C'LL:TU<VTW@+=!'!:@+.'!"
#<1'(.X8#'&'31$-)'.%C'Y/-&3/+=!'!3/.
43Z5$'1
6!%&(&-&#0+$Z"*'!,#"D2%&#1%S!)(!##$(!): !(*#$%(&2+0[#!&$'.R.+$("':
\$.'!"+: DZ
#<1'(.X&'5$'1Y-,03#"-
]D/$(!)#$6!&#$!'&(+!'.@-8.(%5(!)D7(&=#$.'!"MUL^ }^^
93D+'$#%#&'.3O#"%3Q:_`abcdefgchijkcklgdfmk`engcjopfbqgngrstuvedgbn
wkvxnbrgkcf:Z"*'!,#%(!6!&#..()#!&D2%&#1%'!"[+1/-&(!)yzT:
{\6LU3LUU^|V^z<}<}LV<yLTzW<y~}y
}^z ;39$-)'.%C''!"43Z5$'1
.(0#%/'!:%5+$&#$.#'"&(1#%:.+7#$"#*#.+/1#!&'!"7'$$'!&2,+%&%:'!".#%%#$%,$'/%
'!"$#7+$C%K}:yN361/.#1#!&(!)%-,50$'1#7+$C,$#'&#%&5#!##"0+$,+!&$+..(!)
/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%36!1+%&,'%#%&5#2"#$(*#0$+1%(!).#*'$('8.#%(!-#!,(!)&5#
/$+,#%%%-,5'%1',5(!#+$&++.7#'$:1'&#$('./$+/#$&(#%'!"7+$C#!*($+!1#!&KWN3
6!&5(%/'/#$$#%#'$,5#$%0+,-%+!&5#$+.#'!"(1/',&%+05-1'!0',&+$%+!"(00#$#!&
%&')#%+0/$+"-,&.(0#<,2,.#"#*#.+/1#!&'!"(&%(!-#!,#+!*'$('&(+!%36!+$"#$&+
'%%#%%"(00#$#!&%+-$,#%+0/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%:1#&5+"%'..+7(!)0+$&5#($"#)$'"'&(+!'$#
/$#%#!&#"3@'$&(,-.'$.2:'&&#!&(+!(%/'("&+1#'%-$#1#!&+0*'$('&(+!%36&(%$#*#'.#"&5'&
&5##1/5'%(%+!.#'!&5(!C(!)'%&5#8#5'*(+$'!"/#$0+$1'!,#+05-1'!(%!+&
'1#!"'8.#&+'!21'&5#1'&(,'.'!'.2%#%'!"0+$#,'%&(!)3G-1'!,'/'8(.(&(#%'$#!+&
-!(0+$1'!"/'$&(,-.'$.2*(%(8.#(!$#0#$#!,#&+5-1'!/#$0+$1'!,#'!"&5#(!&#$0',#
7(&5&#,5!+.+)23\!&5#+&5#$5'!":&5#,'-%#%'!"D-8,'-%#%+01#'%-$#1#!&*'$('<
&(+!%,'!8#("#!&(€#"75(,57(..'..+7,'&#)+$(=(!)*'$('8(.(&2(!€*#1'(!,'&#)+$(#%:
75(,5'$#X%&'!"'$":7+$C/.',#:(!%&$-1#!&'&(+!:+/#$'&+$'!"#!*($+!1#!&3


68 99 82768
Z/$+,#%%(%8$+'".2"#€!#"'%'!'"H-%&1#!&+$'.&#$'&(+!+0$'71'&#$('.(!&+'
€!'./$+"-,&7(&5&5#'//.(,'&(+!+0.'8+$:(!%&$-1#!&%:'!"0',(.(&(#%(!',,+$"'!,#
7(&5,-%&+1#$$#I-($#1#!&%KTN3‚#!#$'..2:(&,+!%(%&%+0(!/-&'!"+-&/-&*'$('8.#%
8-&+!.2%+1#+0&5+%#*'$('8.#%'$#,5+%#!&+,+!&$+.&5#/$+,#%%345#(!/-&%:
75(,5'$#-!"#$,+!&$+.:'$#1'!(/-.'&(!)*'$('8.#%:'!"-!,+!&$+..#"*'$('8.#%'$#
"(%&-$8'!,#%3\!&5#+&5#$5'!":&5#+-&/-&%'$#"(*("#"(!&+1#'%-$#"'!"
-!1#'%-$#"*'$('8.#%'!"&5#($0##"8',C(%,+1/'$#"7(&5&5#"#%($#"%#&+0*'.-#%
O%##R()3LQ3
6!+$"#$&+,+!&$+.&5#+/#$'&(+!+0&5#/$+,#%%:(&(%$#I-($#"&+1#'%-$#/$+,#%%
+-&/-&%+$"(%&-$8'!,#(!/-&%&+'"H-%&(!/-&%(!%-,51'!!#$&5'&&5#/$+/#$*'.-#%
'$#+8&'(!#"K^N360(&(%/+%%(8.#&+',5(#*#%-,5'"H-%&1#!&%:&5#!&5#/$+,#%%,'!
8# /#$,#(*#" '% ,+!%(%&#!&'!" /$#"(,&'8.#3ƒ#)'$".#%% +0 &5# /$+,#%%:
/$+,#%%<,+!&$+.,+!%(%&%+00+$1-.'&(!)+$"#€!(!)X
„ +8H#,&(*#%+0,+!&$+.:
„ ,+!&$+.%&$-,&-$#:
„ ,+!&$+.'.)+$(&51:
„ ,+$$#,&(*#',&(+!&+1(!(1(=#&5#*'$('!,#%:
„ (1/$+*#1#!&%:
„ ,+!0+$1'!,#&+&5#"#%($#"%#&*'.-#%3

‹Œ“•‘–Œ‰Ž•“‘Š …†‡ˆ‰ŠŠ ‹‰ŒŠ†‰Ž‡‘Š


—•Š†˜Œ“ˆ‰•“‘Š ’“”‰ŒŠ†‰Ž‡‘Š
™43šE @$+,#%%$#/$#%#!&'&(+!
9'!')(!)¶'$('&(+!%(!@$+,#%%[+!&$+.XZ!\*#$*(#7· }^V
45#,+!&$+.+0'!+/#$'&(!)-!(&(%)#!#$'..2/#$,#(*#"'%&5#,+!&$+.+0#',5
+/#$'&(+!%#/'$'&#.2:#*#!(0&5#$#'$#1-.&(/.#:%+1#&(1#%,+!(,&(!)+8H#,&(*#%+0
&5#-!(&+/#$'&(+!KzN3[+!&$+.%&$-,&-$##!,+1/'%%#%(!/-&'!"+-&/-&*'$('8.#%:
,+!%&$'(!&%:+/#$'&(!),5'$',&#$(%&(,%:%'0#&2:#!*($+!1#!&'.'!"#,+!+1(,,+!%("<
#$'&(+!%'!",+!&$+.%&$-,&-$#36&,'!8#'0##"0+$7'$"+$0##"8',C36!&5#€$%&&2/#
&5#"(%&-$8'!,#*'$('8.#(%1#'%-$#"'!"+!(&%8'%(%&5#1'!(/-.'&#"*'$('8.#(%
'"H-%&#":75#$#'%(!&5#%#,+!"+!#,+!&$+.%2%&#11#'%-$#%&5#+-&/-&*'$('8.#:
75(,5(%,+1/'$#"7(&5&5#'%%-1#"+-&/-&*'.-#&+'"H-%&&5#1'!(/-.'&#"*'$(<
'8.#'//$+/$('&#.2KVN39+$#+*#$:&5#,+!&$+.'.)+$(&51(%'1'&5#1'&(,'.$#/$#<
%#!&'&(+!+0$#.'&(+!%8#&7##!&5#1#'%-$#"+-&/-&*'$('8.#*'.-#%'!"&5#
1'!(/-.'&#"(!/-&*'$('8.#KLUN36&'..+7%1+!(&+$(!)'..+/#$'&(+!%(!*+.*#"(!&5#
/$+,#%%:'!"-!"#$&'C(!),+$$#,&(*#',&(+!%'!"(1/$+*#1#!&%&+#!%-$#%'0#
+/#$'&(+!%:'5()5<I-'.(&2/$+"-,&'!"/$+€&345#+-&/-&,+!0+$1'!,#&+&5#"#%($#"
&#,5!(,'.<"#%()!%/#,(€,'&(+!%(%/$(1'$(.2,+!,#$!#"7(&5/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%'!"
'8(.(&2&+,+!&$+.(&%,'-%#%36!,+$$#,&.2$#H#,&#"/$+"-,&%+$',,#/&'!,#+00'-.&2
/$+"-,&%(%#(&5#$,+%&.2+$!#)'&(*#.2#00#,&(!),+1/'!2›%/$+"-,&$#/-&'&(+!KLLN3

œ
68 99516417482
@$+,#%%*'$('&(+!(%(!#*(&'8.#(!'!21'!-0',&-$(!)/$+,#%%360(&(%-!(!&#!"#"(&
,'!!#)'&(*#.2(!-#!,#/$+,#%%/#$0+$1'!,#:,-%&+1#$%'&(%0',&(+!KLMN3@$+,#%%
*'$('&(+!,'!8#$#%-.&#"0$+1&7+"(%&(!,&%+-$,#%X',&-'./$+,#%%*'$('&(+!'!"
1#'%-$#1#!&*'$('&(+!OR()3MQ3
D-,5','&#)+$(='&(+!+0/$+,#%%*'$('8(.(&2'..+7%&+"(%&(!)-(%51'H+$$++&
,'-%#%+0/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!'!""#*#.+/%+.-&(+!0+$(1/$+*#1#!&KLyN3

žŸ  ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨¡©ªª«¤§¬¤¢¬¨­
Z,&-'./$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%,'!8#"(*("#"(!&+&7+%+-$,#%X,+11+!'!"%/#,('.
,'-%#%3[+11+!,'-%#*'$('&(+!%'00#,&&5#"#%()!+0/$+"-,&'!"/$+"-,&(+!

®˜Š‰†¯‰Ž
…†‡ˆ‰ŠŠ°Œ†•Œ•‡“
±ˆŒ– ‹‰ŒŠ†‰”‰“°Œ†•Œ•‡“
…†‡ˆ‰ŠŠ°Œ†•Œ•‡“
²‡””‡“²ŒŠ‰ ³‘‰ˆ•Œ–²ŒŠ‰ °Œ†•Œ•‡“Ž‰‡ °Œ†•Œ•‡“Ž‰‡
°Œ†•Œ•‡“ °Œ†•Œ•‡“ ´‰‘•
Œ˜•
–•
µ ´‰‘†‡Žˆ•˜•–•µ
™43š Z!'.2%(%+0/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%O'"'/&#"0$+1KL}:LyNQ
}zU ;39$-)'.%C''!"43Z5$'1
%2%&#1345#2"#$(*#0$+1&5#/$(1'$2#.#1#!&%+0&5#%2%&#1(!75(,5&5#/$+,#%%
+/#$'&#%3‚#!#$'..2:&5#2,'!8#"(00#$#!&('&#"(!&+1'&#$('.%:#I-(/1#!&:/#+/.#:
#!*($+!1#!&'!"1#&5+"%:'!",'!8#"#,.(!#""-#&+$#"#%()!+0&5#/$+"-,&:
'//.('!,#+08#&&#$&#,5!+.+)2+$&$'(!(!)3R+$'/$+,#%%:(!75(,5+!.2,+11+!
*'$('&(+!%'//#'$:(&(%/#$,#(*#"'%%2%&#1'&(,'!"(!,+!&$+.39+$#+*#$:(&(%
"#%,$(8#"'%X
„ $#/#'&'8.#:
„ %&'8.#:
„ ,+!%(%&#!&:
„ /$#"(,&'8.#3
D-,5%(&-'&(+!,5'$',&#$(=#%'/$+,#%%/#$0+$1'!,#$#/.(,'&#"&(1#'0&#$&(1#3\!
&5#+&5#$5'!":%/#,('.*'$('&(+!%'$#!+&&5#,+1/+!#!&+0&5#"#%()!#"%2%&#1'!"
$#%-.&0$+1-!#J/#,&#",5'!)#75(,5'//#'$%(!+!#+$1+$#/'$&%+0&5#%2%&#1
KLWN3D-,5/$+,#%%(%+-&+0,+!&$+.'!"(&,'!8#"#%,$(8#"'%X
„ ,5'!)(!):
„ -!%&'8.#:
„ -!/$#"(,&'8.#3
@$#*(+-%$#%#'$,5%5+7%&5'&,+11+!,'-%#%',,+-!&0+$zU¸VW¹+0'..!+&(,#"
*'$('&(+!%(!&5#+-&/-&+0/$+"-,&(+!/$+,#%%345#$#1'(!(!)*'$('&(+!%%5+7+00'%
'!-!#J/#,&#",5'!)#(!&5#/$+,#%%+-&/-&'!"&5#($%+-$,#%,'!8#0+-!"(!
#J&#$!'.0',&+$%:!+&(!5#$#!&(!&5#/$+,#%%KLTN3

žº »©¤ª£§©¼©­¢½¾ª¢©¼«¤§¬¤¢¬¨­
9#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1*'$('&(+!,+!,#$!%'..*'$('&(+!%75(,5'$#("#!&(€#""-$(!)'
1#'%-$#1#!&/$+,#%%3Z!2,+1/+!#!&+0'1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1,'!,+!&$(8-&#&+
%+-$,#+0*'$('&(+!O(3#3)')#%:%&'!"'$"%:/$+,#"-$#%:%+0&7'$#:#!*($+!1#!&'.
,+1/+!#!&%Q36!/'$&(,-.'$.2:(&(%&5#%-1+0*'$('&(+!%$#%-.&(!)0$+1$#/#'&'8(.(&2
'!"$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2KL^N3ƒ#/#'&'8(.(&2(%"#€!#"'%*'$('&(+!(!1#'%-$#1#!&%
$#%-.&(!)0$+1 &5#1#'%-$(!)"#*(,#:+$"(#*'$('&(+!:!+&(,#"75#!&5#%'1#
+/#$'&+$1#'%-$#%&5#("#!&(,'.,5'$',&#$(%&(,+!&5#%'1#/'$&')'(!'!"')'(!7(&5
&5#%'1#"#*(,#3\!&5#+&5#$5'!":$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2#!,+1/'%%#%*'$('&(+!"-#&+
&5#1#'%-$(!)%2%&#1:+$&5#*'$('&(+!75(,5(%/#$,#(*#"75#!*'$(+-%'//$'(%#$%
1#'%-$#&5#%'1#,5'$',&#$(%&(,+0&5#,+1/+!#!&-%(!)&5#%'1#"#*(,#KLz:LVN3
45#$#0+$#:(!+$"#$&+#%&(1'&#$#/#'&'8(.(&2:#',5'//$'(%#$1-%&,+!"-,&&5#
1#'%-$#1#!&+0#',5/'$&'&.#'%&&7(,#:75#$#'%:&+#%&(1'&#$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2:&5#$#
(%'!##"&+#!)')#'&.#'%&&7++/#$'&+$%(!&5#1#'%-$#1#!&/$+,#%%3R-$&5#$1+$#:
&5#$'!"+1+$"#$+01#'%-$#1#!&+0/'$&%'!"&5#/+%%(8.#$'!)#+01#'%-$#1#!&%
1-%&8##!%-$#"345#"#)$##+0$#/#'&'8(.(&2'!"$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2%5+7&5#/$#,(%(+!
+0&5#1#'%-$#1#!&(!%&$-1#!&KMUN3
9'!')(!)¶'$('&(+!%(!@$+,#%%[+!&$+.XZ!\*#$*(#7· }zL
1 E 9#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1*'$('8(.(&2¿(&%,'&#)+$(#%'!",'-%#%O'"+/&#"0$+1KLVNQ
['&#)+$2 ['-%# L%&%-8,'-%# M!"%-8,'-%#
D&'!"'$" 4$',#'8(.(&2 ['.(8$'&(+!
D&'8(.(&2 [+#0€,(#!&+0&5#$1'.
‚#+1#&$(,,+1/'&(8(.(&2 #J/'!%(+!
S.'%&(,/$+/#$&(#%
À+$C/(#,#O/'$&Q \/#$'&(+!'."#€!(&(+! 9'%%
Z"#I-'&#"'&-1% S.'%&(,/$+/#$&(#%
[.#'!.(!#%% D-//+$&(!)0#'&-$#%
6!&#$$#.'&#"
,5'$',&#$(%&(,%
S.'%&(,"#0+$1'&(+!
G(""#!)#+1#&$2
6!%&$-1#!& {#%()! %#'%%-1/&(+!% D&'8(.(&2
O)')#Q ;-(." ƒ+8-%&!#%% B(!#'$(&2
9'(!&#!'!,# ;('% D#!%(&(*(&2
Z1/.(€,'&(+! [+!%(%&#!,2
[+!&',&)#+1#&$2 !(0+$1(&2
{#0+$1'&(+!#00#,&% ƒ#/#'&'8(.(&2
¶'$('8(.(&2 ƒ#/$+"-,(8(.(&2
;-(."&+.#$'!,#% [.'1/(!)
;-(."*'$('&(+! B+,'&+$%
{#%()!*'.("'&(+! 9#'%-$#1#!&
['.(8$'&(+! /+(!&%
9#'%-$#1#!&
/$+8#%
@#$%+! DC(.. SJ/#$(#!,#
O'//$'(%#$Q !"#$%&'!"(!) Z8(.(&2
B(1(&'&(+!% 4$'(!(!)
@$+,#"-$#% SJ/#$(#!,#
Z&&(&-"# 4$'(!(!)
S"-,'&(+!'.
@%2,5+/52%(,'.
D+,('.
\/#$'&(+!'."#€!(&(+!
¶(%-'.%&'!"'$"%
;',C)$+-!"
SJ/#$(#!,#
S!*($+!1#!& À+$C%&'&(+! [2,.#%
+$)'!(='&(+! D&'!"'$"*%'18(#!&
ƒ52&51'!"/',# 45#$1'.#J/'!%(+!
Z($/+..-&(+!
B()5&(!)
¶(8$'&(+!
Á+(%#
4#1/#$'&-$#

6!&5#("#'.1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1&5#$#%5+-."8#%&'&(%&(,'..2=#$+1(%&'C#%(!$#0#$<
#!,#&+&5#1#'%-$#"/$+"-,&KMLN3G+7#*#$:(!/$',&(,#(&'//#'$%&5'&1#'%-$#1#!&
%2%&#1*'$('8(.(&2,'!$#%-.&0$+1€*#,'&#)+$(#%%-,5'%%&'!"'$":7+$C/.',#:(!%&$-<
1#!&:+/#$'&+$'!"#!*($+!1#!&:'!"&5#($/+&#!&('.,'-%#%'!"%-8,'-%#%O4'8.#LQ3
}zM ;39$-)'.%C''!"43Z5$'1
 à  748285164174829
ĞŸ Å©¤­ÆǬ­È¬­É
6!,-$$#!&1'!-0',&-$(!)%&$'&#)(#%:.#'!,+!,#/&%)'(!#"/$+1(!#!,#345(%&#$1:
7'%,+(!#"8269¶@$#%#'$,5#$Ê+5!Ë$'0,(C'%.#'!&5(!C(!):7'%1#'!&&+$##,&X
Ì.#%%+0#*#$2&5(!)Í,+1/'$#"7(&51'%%/$+"-,&(+!¿5'.0&5#5-1'!#00+$&(!&5#
0',&+$2:5'.0&5#1'!-0',&-$(!)%/',#:5'.0&5#(!*#%&1#!&(!&++.%:5'.0&5##!)(<
!##$(!)5+-$%&+"#*#.+/'!#7/$+"-,&(!5'.0&5#&(1#3Z.%+:(&$#I-($#%C##/(!)
0'$.#%%&5'!5'.0&5#!##"#"(!*#!&+$2+!%(&#:$#%-.&%(!1'!20#7#$"#0#,&%:'!"
/$+"-,#%')$#'&#$'!"#*#$)$+7(!)*'$(#&2+0/$+"-,&%KMMN36&(%&5#1'(!%+-$,#
+0(1/$+*#1#!&+0+/#$'&(+!%'!"&5#$#82(&(!-#!,#%+!I-'.(&2:(!,$#'%#%/$+<
"-,&(*(&2:$#"-,#%.#'"&(1#&+,-%&+1#$%'!",+%&%KM}¸MWNO%##R()3}Q3
6!.#'!1'!-0',&-$(!)%2%&#1%:&5#/$+,#%%,+!&$+.0+,-%#%+!+!#</(#,#<+73
45#$#0+$#:&5#/'$&,'!8#(!%/#,&#"'&&(1#O(3#3821(%&'C#/$++€!):*(%-'.,+!&$+.%
+$,5#,C%5##&%Q!+&82$'!"+1(!%/#,&(+!+$%&'&(%&(,'.I-'.(&2,+!&$+.1#&5+"%+0
.+&%'1/.#%36!','%#+0'"#0#,&&5#/$+"-,&(+!.(!#(%%&+//#""-#&+&5#'//.(<
,'&(+!+0Z-&+!+1'&(+!|Ê("+C'O'-&+1'&(+!7(&55-1'!&+-,5Q-!&(.&5#,'-%#(%
#.(1(!'&#"KM^:MzN36!+$"#$&+/$#*#!&|"#&#,&&5##$$+$+,,-$$#!,#0'.%#</$++€!)|
@+C'Î+C#,'!8#(!&#)$'&#"7(&5&5#/$+"-,&(+!.(!#36&'..+7%',5(#*(!)&5#
5()5#%&.#*#.%+0I-'.(&282#.(1(!'&(+!|$#"-,&(+!+05-1'!#$$+$%$#%-.&(!)0$+1&5#
%#&-/:.+'"(!):'!"-!.+'"(!)KMV:}UN3R-$&5#$1+$#:&5#&++.%:75(,5'$#(1/.#<
1#!&#"(!.#'!1'!-0',&-$(!)K}LN:#!'8.#&+7+$C&5$+-)5'!"#.(1(!'&#+*#$'..
*'$('&(+!(!&5#/$+,#%%$#%-.&(!)0$+15-1'!',&(*(&(#%36!+$"#$&+',5(#*#(&&5#
'&&#!&(+!%5+-."8#"($#,&.2/'("&+&5#1'&&#$%'00#,&(!)&5#7+$C#$%(!&5#/$+,#%%
75#$#&5#$#"-,&(+!+0*'$('&(+!(%%-//+%#"&+8#/#$0+$1#":'!"/-$/+%#.2"#%()!
(!&5#',&(+!%$#I-($#"&+',5(#*#'!"%-%&'(!(&36&(%*#$2,$-,('.&+-!"#$.(!#&5#
%()!(€,'!&+0&5#,-.&-$#+0&5#,+1/'!2'!"#%&'8.(%5/'$&!#$%5(/%75#$#/'$&(,-.'$
&#'1%"+(!)&5#+/#$'&(+!%&$-%&#',5+&5#$3R-$&5#$1+$#:&5#(!"#/#!"#!,#%5+-."
8#'%%-$#"(!€!"(!)!#7%+.-&(+!%5+7&+',5(#*#&5#$#%-.&%I-(,C#$:8#&&#$'!"

³†Œ‰Ó•ˆ ωŒ“Ðѕ“Ò•“Ó
–‰¯‰–

ԍŒ–•µ °Œ†•Œ˜•–•µ
®‘‰†Œ•‡“Œ– ´‰Š‘‡“Š•¯‰“‰ŠŠ ωŒ“ ±¯Œ•–Œ˜•–•µ
–‰¯‰– …†‡Žˆ•‡“
²Œ‘Œˆ•µ …†‡Žˆ•‡“
²‡“†‡–
™43šœ R$'1#7+$C+0.#'!O'"'/&#"0$+1KMTNQ
9'!')(!)¶'$('&(+!%(!@$+,#%%[+!&$+.XZ!\*#$*(#7· }z}
.#%%#J/#!%(*#:'!"&5#!'&$'(!(!):75#$#'..#1/.+2##%7(..8#(!*(&#"&+/'$&(,<
(/'&#:%5+-."8#+$)'!(=#"36&(%C!+7!&5'&0+,-%(!)+!#1#$)#!,(#%"+#%!+&'..+7
0-..2,+11(&&#"'!",+1/#&#!&#1/.+2##%/#$0+$1 '&5()5#%&/#$0+$1'!,#:'!"
&5-%:'00#,&(!)&5#/.'!!#"',&(*(&(#%!#,#%%'$2&+',5(#*#*'.-#'""#"36!+$"#$&+
%+.*#&5#/+&#!&('.+0*'$('&(+!%:&5#%2%&#1+0@$+0+-!"Ë!+7.#")#,'!8#'//.(#"3
6&,+!%(%&%+00+-$'$#'%X
„ '//$#,('&(+!+0'%2%&#1X-!"#$%&'!"(!)&5#+*#$'../$+,#%%#%:
„ C!+7.#")#+0*'$('&(+!X$'!)#'!",'-%#%+0*'$('&(+!(!I-'.(&2:%&'&(%&(,%(!
1#'%-$#1#!&%:
„ &5#+$2+0C!+7.#")#X&5#,+!,#/&%#J/.'(!(!)C!+7.#")#'!"&5#($.(1(&%:
„ C!+7.#")#+0/%2,5+.+)2X5-1'!!'&-$#3
Á+!#+0&5#%#,+1/+!#!&%,'!!+&8#%#/'$'&#"'!"1-%&8#1'!')#"7(&5'
"#.(,'&#8'.'!,#'%&5#21'C#-/&5#75+.#%2%&#1K}MN3

к ½¢¤¢¬ª¢¬¡¤¥¦§¨¡©ªªÕ¨­¢§¨¥
[+!&$+..(!)&5#/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!%+!',+1/+!#!&(%'5-)#,5'..#!)#'%%#*#$'.
0',&+$%,'!'00#,&(&%0-!,&(+!'.(&236!+$"#$&+',5(#*#8#&&#$/$+,#%%,+!&$+.
$#%#'$,5#$%'//.2%&'&(%&(,'./$+,#%%,+!&$+.OD@[Q345(%1#&5+"+.+)2'(1%'&
(1/$+*(!)/$+,#%%%&'8(.(&2'!",'/'8(.(&2&5$+-)5$#"-,(!)*'$('8(.(&2K}}N36&%*(&'.
/'$&,+!,#$!%&5#1#'%-$#1#!&/5'%#'%(&/$+*("#%"'&'(!"(,'&(!)*'$('&(+!(!&5#
/$+,#%%3À5#!'/$+,#%%(%,5'!)#"'%()!'.%5+-."8#)#!#$'&#"&+"#1+!%&$'&#(&3
45#1+%&,+11+!%&'&(%&(,'./$+,#%%,+!&$+.OD@[Q&++.%#1/.+2#"0+$1+!(&+$(!)
/$+,#%%,5'!)#%'$#,+!&$+.,5'$&%3G+7#*#$:&5#($/$',&(,'.(1/.(,'&(+!%$#I-($#
,#$&'(!C!+7.#")#:'!"-!"#$%&'!"(!)'&'..%&#/%+0D@[(1/.#1#!&'&(+!:'!"'
5-1'!0',&+$(%'C#2#.#1#!&O%##4'8.#MQ3

Н »©¤ª£§©¼©­¢ª¤­Ö½¾ª¢©¼ ­¤¥¾ª¬ª
6!+$"#$&+("#!&(02,+1/+!#!&%+0*'$('&(+!%$#%#'$,5#$%'//.2&5#%2%&#1'&(,
/$+,#"-$#+09#'%-$#1#!&D2%&#1 Z!'.2%(%O9DZQ36&(%'!#J/#$(1#!&'.'!"
%&'&(%&(,'.1#&5+"75(,5'..+7%$#,+)!(=(!)&5#"(00#$#!,#%(!&5#"'&'75(,5$#%-.&
0$+1&5#',&-'./'$&1#'%-$#1#!&%'!""+!+&$#0#$&+*'$('&(+!(!1#'%-$#1#!&
1#&5+"%K}}:}yN36&%/-$/+%#(%&+X
„ {#€!#&5#"#)$##+0&5#+8%#$*#"*'$('8(.(&2$#%-.&(!)0$+1 '1#'%-$#1#!&
(!%&$-1#!&:
„ 6"#!&(02&5#%+-$,#%+0*'$('8(.(&2+0&5#1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1:
„ S*'.-'&#&5#,'/'8(.(&2+0'1#'%-$#1#!&(!%&$-1#!&3
}zy ;39$-)'.%C''!"43Z5$'1
1  G-1'!0',&+$(!D@[
D&#/ G-1'!0',&+$
@$#/'$'&(+! !"#$%&'!"(!)%&'&(%&(,'./$(!,(/.#%
!"#$%&'!"(!)+0D@[/$(!,(/.#%'!")+'.%
D#.#,&(+!+0&5#/$+,#%%:/$+,#%%/'$'1#&#$%'!"I-'.(&2
,5'$',&#$(%&(,%
D#.#,&(+!+01#'%-$#1#!&1#&5+"
¶#$(€,'&(+!'!"#!%-$(!)1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1,'/'8(.(&2
D#.#,&(+!'!""#%()!+0,+!&$+.,5'$&
D#.#,&(+!+0,+..#,&(+!'!"$#,+$"(!)"'&'
{'&',+..#,&(+! Z,,-$',2+0$#,+$"+0%&'&(%&(,%(!&+,+!&$+.,5'$&
[+!&$+.,5'$&(!&#$/$#&'&(+! Ë!+7.#")#+0&5#/$+,#%%*'$('8(.(&2'!"(&%,'-%#%
6"#!&(€,'&(+!%/##"+0&5#/$+,#%%'!"(&%*'$('8(.(&2
Z8(.(&2&+(!&#$/$#&,+$$#,&.2,+!&$+.,5'$&%
['-%#%("#!&(€,'&(+! Z8(.(&2&+'%%()!,+$$#,&,'-%#&+%()!'.(!,+!&$+.,5'$&
D#.#,&(+!+0',&(+!0+$ Ë!+7.#")#+0&5#/$+,#%%
(1/$+*#1#!& Z8(.(&2&+'%%()!'"#I-'&#',&(+!%&+,'-%#%
ƒ#'.(='&(+!+0',&(+!0+$ D/##"'!"',,-$',2+0$#'.(='&(+!+0%#.#,&#"',&(+!%
(1/$+*#1#!&

9DZ#!'8.#%&5##*'.-'&(+!+0$#.('8(.(&2+0(1/+$&'!&(!/-&'!"1'H+$+-&/-&
"'&'(!&5#1'!-0',&-$(!)/$+,#%%:,+1/$#5#!"&5#*'$('&(+!%"-#&+/#+/.#:
1',5(!#%:1'&#$('.%:1#&5+"%:+$#!*($+!1#!&3601#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1*'$('&(+!(%
.'$)#(!,+1/'$(%+!&+/'$&<&+</'$&*'$('&(+!:%-,51#'%-$#1#!&%1'2!+&/$+*("#
-%#0-.(!0+$1'&(+!75(,5,'!8#-%#"'%'$#0#$#!,#/+(!&0+$(1/$+*#1#!&%KMLN3
Z,,+$"(!)&+&5#9DZƒ#0#$#!,#9'!-'.:9DZ"#€!#%1#'%-$#1#!&#$$+$,+1<
/+!#!&%(!&+&7+)$+-/%KLVNX
„ Z,,-$',2O,'.(8$'&(+!|8('%:.(!#'$(&2:%&'8(.(&2Q:
„ @$#,(%(+!O$#/#'&'8(.(&2:$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2Q3
R-$&5#$:(&/$+*("#%/$+,#"-$#%+!5+7&+1#'%-$##',5&#$1:5+7#*#$:(&%5+-."
8##1/5'%(=#"&5'&&5#‚'-)#ƒ#/#'&'8(.(&2'!"ƒ#/$+"-,(8(.(&2D&-"(#%O‚')#
ƒ×ƒQ7#$#(!&$+"-,#"&+(!,+$/+$'&#&5#/$+,#"-$#%$#,+11#!"#"0+$1#'%-$#<
1#!&+0/$#,(%(+!8-&&5#2"+!+&#!%-$#',,-$',2$#.'&#"'%/#,&%K}WN345#1+%&
,+11+!1#&5+"%-%#"0+$‚')#ƒ×ƒD&-"(#%'$#&5#ZÁ\¶Z1#&5+"'!"&5#
Z*#$')#'!"ƒ'!)#1#&5+"345#ZÁ\¶Z 1#&5+"(%-%#0-.&+"#&#$1(!#&5#
$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2*'$('&(+!"-#&+(&%+/#$'&+$:+/#$'&+$<82</'$&'!",+1/+!#!&%:
75#$#'%&5#Z*#$')#'!"ƒ'!)#1#&5+"'..+7%"(%&(!)-(%5(!)%-,5,'&#)+$(#%'%
/'$&<&+</'$&:$#/#'&'8(.(&2:'!"$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2(!&5#+*#$'..*'$('&(+!K}TN345#
0-!"'1#!&'.%+09DZ(1/.#1#!&'&(+!'$#X
„ "#€!#"!-18#$+0+/#$'&+$%:/'$&%'!"$#/#&(&(+!%&5'&'$#%-8H#,&+0&5#
'!'.2%(%:
„ +/#$'&+$%75+C!+7&5#1#'%-$(!)(!%&$-1#!&'!"/$+,#"-$#%:'!"!+$1'..2
/#$0+$1&5#1#'%-$#1#!&:
9'!')(!)¶'$('&(+!%(!@$+,#%%[+!&$+.XZ!\*#$*(#7· }zW
„ '%#&:"+,-1#!&#"1#'%-$#1#!&/$+,#"-$#-%#"82'..+/#$'&+$%:
„ &5#*'.-#%+0&5#(&#1%%#.#,&#"0+$&#%&(!)%5+-."$#/$#%#!&&5##!&($#&+.#$'!,#
$'!)#:
„ (0/+%%(8.#:'..&5#/'$&%%5+-."8#1'$C#"&+'*+("&5#(1/',&+07(&5(!</'$&
*'$('&(+!:
„ &5#$#%+.-&(+!|"(%,$(1(!'&(+!+0&5#1#'%-$#1#!&"#*(,#1-%&8#%1'..$#.'&(*#
&+&5#%1'..#$+0#(&5#$&5#%/#,(€,'&(+!&+.#$'!,#+$&5#/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!O'&
.#'%&L|LU&5:(0&5(%$#I-($#1#!&(%!+&0-.€..#":/$+,#%%*'$('8(.(&27(..!+&8#
$#,+)!(=#"82&5#1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1¿(&%#00#,&(*#!#%%7(..8#8.-!&Q:
„ &5#+$"#$+0&5#1#'%-$#1#!&+0&5#/'$&%!##"&+8#$'!"+1(=#"&+'*+("
1#1+$(=(!)&5#*'.-#%:&5#&5($"/'$&2%5+-."!+&#"+7!&5#1#'%-$#1#!&%:&5#
'//$'(%#$:&5#&$('.!-18#$:'!"&5#!-18#$0+$#',5/'$&+!'&'8.#K}^N3
9DZ(%'!#%%#!&('.€$%&%&#/8#0+$#,+..#,&(!)"'&'0$+1&5#/$+,#%%&+'!'.2=#
/$+,#%%,+!&$+.+$,'/'8(.(&2:&+,+!€$1 &5'&&5#1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1 /$+,##"%
,+!%(%&#!&.2:',,-$'&#.2:'!"'"#I-'&#.2&+"(%,$(1(!'&#8#&7##!/'$&%36&%5+-."
/$#,#"#'!2"'&'<8'%#""#,(%(+!1'C(!):(!,.-"(!)D&'&(%&(,'.@$+,#%%[+!&$+.:
[+$$#.'&(+!'!"ƒ#)$#%%(+!Z!'.2%(%'!"{#%()!+0SJ/#$(1#!&%K}zN3

Ø 82 94829
!"#$%&'!"(!)*'$('&(+!(%',$-,('.'%/#,&+01'!')(!)'!"(1/$+*(!)'!21'!<
-0',&-$(!)+$/$+"-,&"#*#.+/1#!&/$+,#%%36!/'$&(,-.'$:(&(%,$(&(,'.&+',C!+7.<
#")#&5'&&7+&2/#%+0/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!,'!8#"(%&(!)-(%5#"'%',&-'./$+,#%%
*'$('&(+!'!"1#'%-$#1#!&*'$('&(+!:8+&5,'!8#,+!&'(!#"'!"1#'%-$#-%(!)&5#
'//$+/$('&#1#&5+"%345#($#00#,&(*#'//.(,'&(+!(%'00#,&#"821'!2&#,5!(,'.:
1#&5+"(,'.:%+,('.:#!*($+!1#!&'.'!"#,+!+1(,0',&+$%3Á#*#$&5#.#%%:+!#+0&5#
C#2#.#1#!&%(%'5-1'!0',&+$,+!&$(8-&(+!&+/$+,#%%*'$('8(.(&236&(%/'$&(,-.'$.2
*(%(8.#(!$#0#$#!,#&+5-1'!/#$0+$1'!,#'!"&5#'//.(,'&(+!+0.#'!&5(!C(!):
%&'&(%&(,'./$+,#%%,+!&$+.'!"1#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1'!'.2%(%3

à  6 2 9
L3{-8$+*%C(:{3X45#$+.#+0,-%&+1#$%'&(%0',&(+!(!',5(#*(!)8-%(!#%%#J,#..#!,#34+&'.Ù-'.3
9'!')3EO^¸zQ:VMU¸VMWOMUULQ
M39'=-$:Z3X9+"#.+0\GD1'!')#1#!&%2%&#1%(!'!#J,#..#!&,+1/'!236!XZ!&+!':93:
D&#/5'!("(%:[3O#"%3Q !(*#$%'.Z,,#%%(!G-1'!<[+1/-&#$6!&#$',&(+!3Z,,#%%&+&5#G-1'!
S!*($+!1#!&'!"[-.&-$#:BÁ[D:*+.3VL^z://3yWT¸yT^3D/$(!)#$:G#("#.8#$)OMULWQ
}3Ê'%(-.#7(,=<Ë',=1'$#C:93:{$+Ú2!#$:@3X9'(!&#!'!,#1'!')#1#!&(!(&('&(*#%&+7'$"%
',5(#*(!)%-%&'(!'8.#"#*#.+/1#!&36!X‚+.(!%C':@3:#&'.3O#"%3Q6!0+$1'&(+!4#,5!+.+)(#%(!
S!*($+!1#!&'.S!)(!##$(!)S!*($+!1#!&'.D,(#!,#'!"S!)(!##$(!)://3^U^¸^ML3D/$(!)#$:
;#$.(!OMULLQ
}zT ;39$-)'.%C''!"43Z5$'1
y39(..#$:63:9(..#$:93XD&'&(%&(,'.9#&5+"%0+$Ù-'.(&27(&5Z//.(,'&(+!%&+S!)(!##$(!)'!"
9'!')#1#!&3@$#!&(,#G'..:S!).#7++"[.(00%:ÁÊOLVVWQ
W3S*'!%:Ê3ƒ3:B(!"%'2:À393X45#9'!')#1#!&'!"[+!&$+.+0Ù-'.(&23[#!)')#B#'$!(!):
D+-&5<À#%&#$!:Z!"+*#$OMULLQ
T3\'C.'!":Ê3D3XD&'&(%&(,'.@$+,#%%[+!&$+.3;-&&#$7+$&5G#(!#1'!!:\J0+$"OMUU^Q
^3‚$=28+7%C':Ë3:‚'H"=(C:;3X\/&(1(%'&(+!+0#I-(/1#!&%#&-//$+,#%%#%(!#!&#$/$(%#%3
Ê39#&'.-$)(H'3ØEOyQ:WT}¸WTTOMULMQ
z3Ë-H'7(Û%C'Z3:ƒ+)'.#7(,=Z3:{(#$(!)93:@(Ü',(Û%C'93:G'1$+.Z3:Ë+,5'Û%C(Z3X
Z%%#%%1#!&+0"-,&(.#($+!,'%&(!)/$+,#%%7(&5&5#-%#+0&5#{ƒDZ1#&5+"3Ê39(!39#&'..3
D#,&3;؁OLQ:L^¸MyOMULTQ
V3;#I-#&&#:;3À3X@$+,#%%[+!&$+.X9+"#.(!):{#%()!'!"D(1-.'&(+!3@$#!&(,#G'..: //#$
D'"".#ƒ(*#$:ÁÊOMUU}Q
LU39$-)'.%C':;3:ZC(#.'%=#C<À(&,='C:Z3:Z-8$-!:[3X4+7'$"%/$+"-,&$+8-%&I-'.(&2,+!&$+.
7(&5%#I-#!&('.{<+/&(1-1(!/-&%"#%()!3[5#13S!)34$'!%3œ:ML}^¸MLyMOMULWQ3"+(XLU3
}}U}|[S4LWy}}W^
LL3Ë-H'7(Û%C':Z3:¶+)&:Ë3XG-1'!0',&+$%(!*(%-'.I-'.(&2,+!&$+.39'!')#3@$+"3S!)3ƒ#*3Ý
OMQ:MW¸}LOMULWQ
LM3R+!&'(!#:[3ÀX\$)'!(='&(+!'.@%2,5+.+)2S%%'2%X‚-("#%0+$'G-1'!['/(&'.Z//$+',5&+
{$(*(!)@#$0+$1'!,#3B-B-3,+1:ƒ'.#()5OMUUVQ
L}3;'$$#!&(!#:B3;3X[+!,#/&%0+$ƒ×ƒD&-"(#%3ZDÙ[Ù-'.(&2@$#%%:9(.7'-C##:À6OLVVLQ
Ly3S5$.(,5:;3G3X4$'!%',&(+!'.D(JD()1''!"B#'!D#$*(,(!)XB#*#$')(!)9'!-0',&-$(!)
[+!,#/&%&+Z,5(#*#À+$."<[.'%%D#$*(,#3[ƒ[@$#%%BB[:;+,'ƒ'&+!OMUUMQ
LW3D&'1'&(%:{3G3XD(JD()1''!";#2+!"XD&'&(%&(,'.@$+,#%%[+!&$+.:4+1y3[ƒ[@$#%%BB[:
;+,'ƒ'&+!OMUU}Q
LT3Z!"#..:Ê3B3X;#!#€&(!)0$+1 D(JD()1'Ù-'.(&236!Xƒ#¶#..#:Ê3;3O#"3Q9'!-0',&-$(!)
G'!"8++C+0;#%&@$',&(,#%XZ!6!!+*'&(+!:@$+"-,&(*(&2'!"Ù-'.(&2R+,-%://3MV¸yz3[ƒ[
@$#%%:;+,'ƒ'&+!OMUULQ
L^3À5'&'$#&5#%+-$,#%+0/$+,#%%*'$('&(+!Þ5&&/X||%-//+$&31(!(&'83,+1|#!<-%|1(!(&'8|L^|&+/(,<
.(8$'$2|I-'.(&2<&++.%|1#'%-$#1#!&<%2%&#1<'!'.2%(%|8'%(,%|%+-$,#%<+0</$+,#%%<*'$('&(+!|
Lz3G#'.2:D3:À'..',#:93X‚')#$#/#'&'8(.(&2'!"$#/$+"-,(8(.(&21#&5+"+.+)(#%%-(&'8.#0+$
,+1/.#J&#%&%2%&#1%(!%#1(<,+!"-,&+$1'!-0',&-$(!):%(J%()1'/$+H#,&%'!"/#$%+!'.
#J/#$(#!,#%35&&/X||7773(!&#,5+/#!3,+1|8++C%|%(J<%()1'</$+H#,&%<'!"</#$%+!'.<#J/#$(#!,#%|
)')#<$#/#'&'8(.(&2<'!"$#/$+"-,(8(.(&2<1#&5+"+.+)(#%<%-(&'8.#<0+$<,+1/.#J<&#%&<%2%&#1%<(!<
%#1(<,+!"-OMULLQ
LV39#'%-$#1#!&%2%&#1%'!'.2%(%3ƒ#0#$#!,#1'!-'.:y&5#"3:[5$2%.#$‚$+-/BB[:R+$"9+&+$
[+1/'!2:‚#!#$'.9+&+$%[+$/+$'&(+!OMULUQ
MU39+$$(%:Z3DX9#'%-$#1#!&'!"6!%&$-1#!&'&(+!@$(!,(/.#%3;-&&#$7+$&5<G#(!#1'!!:\J0+$"
OMUULQ
ML3Z.<ƒ#0'(#:Z3:;'&':Á3XS*'.-'&(!)1#'%-$#1#!&'!"/$+,#%%,'/'8(.(&(#%82‚ƒ×ƒ7(&50+-$
I-'.(&21#'%-$#%39#'%-$#1#!&œOTQ:zyM¸zWLOMULUQ
MM3À+1',C:Ê3@3:Ê+!#%3{343:ƒ++%:{3X45#9',5(!#&5'&[5'!)#"&5#À+$."X45#D&+$2+0
B#'!@$+"-,&(+!34+2+&'›%D#,$#&À#'/+!(!&5#‚.+8'.['$3À'$%&5'&(%ƒ#*+.-&(+!(=(!)
À+$."6!"-%&$23R$##@$#%%:Á#7Î+$COMUU^Q
M}3Ë#2#%Ê3X45#!##"0+$.#'!&$'(!(!)3Ê39'!')#3@+.(,2@$',&3EÂO}QOMUL}Q
My3D'!,5#=:Z393:@#$#=:93@3XB#'!(!"(,'&+$%'!"1'!-0',&-$(!)%&$'&#)(#%36!&3Ê3\/#$3@$+"3
9'!')#3EOLLQ:Ly}}¸LyWMOMUULQ
MW3À2$7(,C':93Ë3:9$-)'.%C':;3X;'$$(#$%&+#.(1(!'&(!)7'%&#(!/$+"-,&(+!%2%&#136!X
[+!0#$#!,#@$+,##"(!)%+0&5#T&56!&#$!'&(+!'.[+!0#$#!,#+!S!)(!##$(!):@$+H#,&:'!"
@$+"-,&(+!9'!')#1#!&OS@@9MULWQ://3}Wy¸}T}:M¸yD#/&#18#$MULW:‚+."[+'%&:
Z-%&$'.('3 5&&/X||7773//1.3-$.3&7|S@@9|,+!0#$#!,#%|MULW|"+7!.+'"|;'$$(#$%¹MU&+¹
MUS.(1(!'&(!)¹MUÀ'%&#¹MU(!¹MU@$+"-,&(+!¹MUD2%&#13/"0
MT3G(!#%:@3:G+.7#):93:ƒ(,5:Á3XB#'$!(!)&+#*+.*#X'$#*(#7+0,+!&#1/+$'$2.#'!&5(!C(!)3
6!&3Ê3\/#$3@$+"39'!')#3ÂOLUQ:VVy¸LULLOMUUyQ
9'!')(!)¶'$('&(+!%(!@$+,#%%[+!&$+.XZ!\*#$*(#7· }z^
M^3@#&&#$%#!:Ê3X{#€!(!).#'!/$+"-,&(+!X%+1#,+!,#/&-'.'!"/$',&(,'.(%%-#%34Ù9 ʁEOMQ:
LM^¸LyMOMUUVQ
Mz3D-!"'$:ƒ3:;'.'H(:Z3Á3:D'&5##%5 Ë-1'$:ƒ393XZ $#*(#7 +! .#'! 1'!-0',&-$(!)
(1/.#1#!&'&(+!&#,5!(I-#%3@$+,#"('S!)3ßà:Lz^W¸LzzWOMULyQ
MV3;#,C#$:[3:D,5+..:Z3XZD-$*#2+!@$+8.#1%'!"9#&5+"%(!‚#!#$'.(=#"Z%%#18.2B(!#
;'.'!,(!)3S-$3Ê3\/#$3ƒ#%3EÝá:TVy¸^LWOMUUTQ
}U3G(!,C.#2:[393X[+18(!(!)1(%&'C#</$++€!)'!"Ê("+C'&+',5(#*#7+$.",.'%%I-'.(&2(!
,.(!(,'.,5#1(%&$23Z,,$#"3Ù-'.3Z%%-$3E:MM}¸M}UOMUU^Q
}L3[5'$$+!:ƒ3:G'$$(!)&+!:G3Ê3:¶+#5.:R3:À())(!:G3X45#B#'!9'!')#1#!&D2%&#1%X
G'!"8++C34'2.+$×R$'!,(%‚$+-/:[ƒ[@$#%%:;+,'ƒ'&+!OMULWQ
}M3{#.'*()!#:Ë343X{#1(!)›%@$+0+-!"[5'!)#%3À5#!À(..&5#D.##/(!)‚('!&Z7'C#!Þ@4ƒ
@$#!&(,#G'..:S!).#7++"[.(00%:ÁÊOLVVyQ
}}39+!&)+1#$2:{3[3X6!&$+"-,&(+!&+%&'&(%&(,'.I-'.(&2,+!&$+.:T&5#"!3À(.#2:Á#7Î+$C
OMUUVQ
}y3;-$"(,C:ƒ3Ë3:;+$$+$:[393:9+!&)+1#$2:{3[3XZ$#*(#7+01#&5+"%0+$1#'%-$#1#!&
%2%&#1%,'/'8(.(&2'!'.2%(%3ÊÙ-'.34#,5!+.3œØOyQ:}yM¸}WyOMUU}Q
}W3R+%&#$:D343X9'!')(!)Ù-'.(&2XZ!6!&#)$'&#"Z//$+',5:}$"#"!3@$#!&(,#<G'..: //#$
D'"".#ƒ(*#$:ÁÊOMUUTQ
}T3['1/8#..:Ê3X‚'-)#$#/#'&'8(.(&2 '!" $#/$+"-,(8(.(&23¶(#7/+(!&Á#7%35&&/X||7773
*(#7/+(!&-%'3,+1|!#7%.#&&#$|MULU~\,&|1'(!'$&(,.#~MULU~\,&3/5/:\,&+8#$OMULUQ
}^3@+/:B3{3:S.+":Á3X61/$+*(!)'1#'%-$(!)%2%&#1 ',,+$"(!)&+6D\|4DLTVyVz&5
6!&#$!'&(+!'.[+!0#$#!,# 6!&#$"(%,(/.(!'$(&2 (! S!)(!##$(!):*+.3LV://3LUM}¸LU}U3
6Á4Sƒ<SÁ‚MULy:V¸LU\,&+8#$MULy:4($)-<9-$#%:ƒ+1'!(':@$+,#"('4#,5!+.+)2OMULWQ
}z39$-)'.%C':;3:ZC(#.'%=#C<À(&,='C:Z3:D&#&&#$:ƒ3Xƒ+8-%&I-'.(&2,+!&$+.+0/$+"-,&%7(&5
#J/#$(1#!&'."#%()!36!X@+/#%,-:{3O#"3Q6!&#$!'&(+!'.[+!0#$#!,#+!@$+"-,&(+!ƒ#%#'$,5¿
ƒ#)(+!'.[+!0#$#!,#Z0$(,':S-$+/#'!"&5#9("".#S'%&'!"}$"6!&#$!'&(+!'.[+!0#$#!,#+!
Ù-'.(&2'!"6!!+*'&(+!(!S!)(!##$(!)'!"9'!')#1#!&://3}y}¸}yz:[.-H<Á'/+,':
ƒ+1'!(':Ê-.2L¸WMULyâ4#,5!(,'. !(*#$%(&2+0[.-H<Á'/+,'â[.-H<Á'/+,':ƒ+1'!('

View publication stats

You might also like