Grade: 9 Subject: Science-Biology

Quarter/ 1st Quarter Week 8 Day: 4

Semester: No:
I. OBECTIVES
Content Standard The students demonstrate an understanding of the structure
and function of plant parts and organelles involved in
photosynthesis
Performance Standard The learners should be able to design and conduct an
investigation to provide evidence that plants can manufacture
their own food
Learning Competency Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis
and respiration. (S9LT-lg-j31)
Knowledge Identify the major steps that occur during Calvin cycle
Skills Write the molecules used and produced during the different
phases of Calvin cycle
Attitude Cite other importance of photosynthesis aside from food and
oxygen production
II. CONTENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS – CALVIN CYCLE
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
References Science 9-Learners Manual pp:72-85
Other Learning  https://www.biologydiscussion.com/photosynthesis/raw-
Resources materials-used-in-photosynthesis-with-diagram/52269

IV. PROCEDURES
A. Preparatory ACTIVIT 1: ENCIRCLE
Activity
Let the students copy the photosynthesis equation in their
notebooks or any piece of paper:

Based on the previous lesson on light-dependent reaction, let

them encircle the raw materials and products produced during
the light-dependent reaction.

B. Motivation Q1. Which molecules have you not encircled in the equation?
- CO2 and Sugar(Glucose)
Q2.Why?
- These molecules are not used/produced during the
light-dependent reaction.

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
 Q3. Since they are not used in the light-dependent reaction, in
which step of photosynthesis will these molecules be
used/produced?
- During the Calvin cycle or light-independent reaction.

C. Activity ACTVITY 2: STARCH IN PLANTS

Refer to Attachment A for the materials and steps of this

activity.
D. Analysis Q1. After dropping some iodine into the samples, what color
appeared?
- Bluish/dark blue coloration
Q2. What does a dark-blue or black color indicate?
- The dark color indicates presence of starch.

Now we knew that starch is produced in plants, let us discuss

how starch is made during the light-independent reaction
E. Abstraction Option 1: If you have an internet connection in your school or a
capacity to have a video presentation in the class, you can use
this video.

Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=l12GClqoI10&list=PLI1XjFOSo4gPnFD37G9R-
fiQMtBiLXs8m&index=6

Option 2: If you don’t have internet connection in your room

and do not have an audio-video equipment available, refer to
Attachment B for the pictures of the process.

The Calvin cycle happens in the stroma of the chloroplast. It is

also known as the light-independent reaction/dark reaction
since light is not needed in this step of photosynthesis.
However, the products from the light-dependent reaction,
namely NADPH and ATP, are used in this process.

The Calvin cycle has three stages/phases: 1)Fixation,

2)Reduction, 3)Regeneration

THE EVENTS IN CALVIN CYCLE

Phase 1: Fixation
- Three(3) molecules of carbon dioxide(CO2)
combines with three(3) molecules of RuBP to form
six(6) molecules of 3-PGA. The combining of carbon

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
 dioxide and RuBP is carried out by the enzyme
Rubisco.

Phase 2: Reduction
- The six(6) molecules of 3-PGA uses the energy from
six(6) molecules of ATP and six(6) molecules of
NADPH to form six(6) molecules of G3P. One out of
the six molecules of G3P will exit the Calvin Cycle and
will be used to make other compounds such as glucose
or starch (these are the sugars). The other five(5)
molecules of G3P will continue the cycle.

Phase 3: Regeneration:
- The remaining five molecules of G3P will undergo
some series of reactions to regenerate three (3)
molecules of RuBP which is again used in Phase 1 of
the Calvin cycle. For this to happen, three (3)
molecules of ATP will again be used.

F. Application We have encountered the three phases of the Calvin Cycle.

Now let us trace again the cycle by doing this activity.
(This can be done by group, by pair or individually).

ACTIVITY 3: FILL IN THE MOLECULE

Please refer to attachment C for this activity

G. Practical Q1. Photosynthesis allows plants to make their own food. We,
Applications of animals, are also benefited by this process since we eat plants
Concepts and and photosynthesis produce oxygen. Aside from these things,
Skills in Daily what other benefit is photosynthesis giving us and our planet?
Living - Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide. This process
absorbs the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. If there
will be more plants/trees, more carbon dioxide can be
absorbed.

H. Generalization The Calvin cycle or light-independent reaction is the second

and last step of photosynthesis. This is the step where sugar is
produced. It has three phases: Fixation, reduction, and
regeneration.
I. Evaluation Please see Attachment D for the evaluation
J. Additional activities
for application or
remediation
(assignment)
V. REMARKS

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
VI. REFLECTION
No. of learners who
earned 80% in the
evaluation
No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation
Did the remedial
lesson work? No. of
learners who caught
up the lesson
No. of learners who
require remediation
Which of my teaching
strategies worked
well? Why did these
work?
What difficulties did I
encounter which
principal and
supervisor can help or
solve?
What innovation or
localized did I
use/discover which I
wish to share?

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
ATTACHMENT A
(Attachment for Activity 2: STARCH IN PLANTS)

Objective: To see the presence of starch in plants.

Materials: Iodine solution, small amount of rice (or corn grits), banana or any root crop, petri dish or
saucer (if petri dish is not available), dropper.
Steps:
1. Prepare three petri dishes.
2. One petri dish will be placed with rice/corn grits; the other will be with banana; and the last
one will be with root crop.
3. Put a few drops of iodine solution to each sample.
4. Wait for about two-three minutes.
5. Record your observations. If the sample turned dark or bluish in color, it indicates the
presence of starch in the sample.

ATTACHMENT B
Attachment for Abstraction)

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
Prepared by: LYN-NO A. REGALADO(T-I)
FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS
ATTACHMENT C
(Attachment for Application)

ACTIVITY 3: FILL IN THE MOLECULES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the molecules and the number of molecules required or produced
during the different phases of the Calvin Cycle.

Phase 1: Fixation
Example : 3 molecules of CO2 + 3 molecules of RuBP  6 molecules of 3-PGA
Phase 2: Reduction
6 molecules of 3-PGA + __ molecules of NADPH + 6 molecules of _____ ____ molecules of G3P
Phase 3: Regeneration
___ molecules of G3P + ___ molecules of ATP  __ molecules of _______

Answers:
Phase 1: Fixation
3 molecules of CO2 + 3 molecules of RuBP  6 molecules of 3-PGA
Phase 2: Reduction
6 molecules of 3-PGA + 6 molecules of NADPH + 6 molecules of ATP  6 molecules of G3P
Phase 3: Regeneration
5 molecules of G3P + 3 molecules of ATP  3 molecules of RuBP

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ATTACHMENT D
(Attachment for Evaluation)

Directions: Match Column A and Column B. Write the letter of your answer before the
number.
Column A Column B
___1. The phase of Calvin cycle where NADPH a.Rubisco
is used.
___2. The phase of Calvin cycle where CO2 is b. Regeneration
used
___3. In this phase of Calvin cycle, RuBP is c. 1
produced again
___4. The enzyme that combines RuBP and d. 5
carbon dioxide
___5. Number of G3P molecule that exits the e. Fixation
cycle to form larger sugar molecules
___6. Number of G3P molecule used to f. 3-PGA
reproduce RuBP
___7. Number of ATP molecules used in the g.
regeneration phase
___8. Produced after RuBP and CO2 combines h. Reduction
i.3

Answers.
1. H
2. E
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. I
8. F

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FROILAN A. ALANANO MHS