Profit

and Loss

Introduction: For reduction

^`
Notation used in profit and loss: Original price=Rs.(:;;G^)a Per kg
Cost price (C.P.): This is the price at which an
For hike
article is purchased. ^`
Selling price (S.P.): This is the price at which an Original price=Rs.(:;;<^)a Per kg
article is sold.
Marked price (M.P): The price that is mentioned on General formula
the price tag. :;;
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆. 𝑃.× 9:;;G%k-0/+lm. C
Discount: Reduction on the marked price.

Points to be remembered: • A man sells two articles at the same price

CP + Profit=SP Rs. P and makes the profit of x% on the first
SP - Profit=CP time while a loss of y% on the second time.
Profit=SP-CP Find the overall per cent gain or loss?

^×(Ga)
Percentage of Profit and Loss Overall per cent gain=𝑥 − 𝑦 + :;;
)*+,-.
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡% = /+0. )*-/2 × 100
8+00 Use “+” for profit and “–“for loss
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠% = × 100
/+0. )*-/2
^r
If x=y, Overall %loss= :;;
• In case of profit
:;;<%=>?@AB
S.P. = 9 C × 𝐶. 𝑃 • If there are successive discounts of P%, Q%,
:;;
:;; R%,…… then the selling price is given by,
C.P. = 9:;;<%=>?@AB C × 𝑆. 𝑃
• In case of Loss 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 100 − 𝑃 100 − 𝑄 100 − 𝑅
:;;G%H?II =w xw xw x……
S.P. = 9 :;; C × 𝐶. 𝑃 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 100 100 100
:;;
C.P. = 9:;;G%H?II C × 𝑆. 𝑃 Note: use ‘+’ for profit and ‘-‘for loss or discount.

•Dishonest seller/buyer using faulty Problems:

measures and weight.
%GAIN= 1. An article is bought for Rs. 250 and sold at
JKLLMNMOPM QMRSMMO RNTM UMVWTNM VOX LVYWM UMVWTNM Rs. 300 find the profit or loss percentage
VUZTOR LZN S[KP[ \V]UMOR UVXM A. 25% loss C. 20% profit
B. 25% profit D. 20% loss
• If the cost price of x articles equals the
selling price of w articles, find the per cent 2. A table is bought for Rs. 240 and sold at a
profit/loss. profit of 12.5% find its selling price
^G_
% profit/ loss= _ × 100% A. 250 C. 260
• A man sells an article at a LOSS of x%. Had B. 255 D. 270
he sold it for Rs.z more, he would make a
profit of y%. Find the cost price of the 3. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for
article. Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. %Gain
` is:
𝐶𝑃 = × 100
a<^ A. 30% C. 33%
• A man sells an article at a PROFIT of x%. B. 35% D. 44%
Had he sold it for Rs.z more, he would make
a profit of y%. Find the cost price of the 4. The percentage profit earned by selling an
article. article for Rs. 1920 is equal to the
`
𝐶𝑃 = aG^ × 100 percentage loss incurred by selling the same
article for Rs. 1280. At what price should
• A reduction of x% in the price of an article
the article be sold to make 25% profit?
enables a person to buy y kg more Rs.z. find
A. Rs. 2000 C. Rs. 2200
the reduced and the original price per kg of
B. Rs. 2400 D. Data inadequate
the article.
^`
Reduced price=Rs.:;;a Per kg

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 Profit and Loss

5. A trader buys rice from a farmer using 13. A man has been selling an article at a loss of
faulty weight at a rate which is same as his 20% for Rs.60. now he decides to increase
selling price in the market. However, his 1 the selling price to Rs.67 ½. Find the per
kg weight weighs 1050gms. Find his gain cent gain or loss that he now makes.
per cent? A. 10% loss C. 10% profit
A. 4% C. 5% B. 15% loss D. Can’t determine
B. 10% D. 15%
14. A man invests Rs. 21000 in shares of a
6. A trader uses a faulty balance and sells company. He sells one-third of total shares
sugar weighing out only 960 gm. instead of at a profit of 10%. But remaining shares he
: has to sell at 5% loss. Find his overall profit
1 kg. And makes 4|% profit. How much
or loss per cent?
profit or loss percentage would he make if
A. 20% loss C. 20% profit
the balance was not faulty, and his selling
B. 25% loss D. No loss and no profit
price remained unchanged?
A. 4% profit C. 4% loss
: 15. A man buys 3 tables and 12 chairs for
B. |% profit D. None of these Rs.2400.he sells the tables at a profit of 20%
and chairs at a profit of 10% and makes a
7. Sham loses 10% when he sells his radio for total profit of Rs.300. at what price did he
Rs. 4500. For how much should he sell it in buy 2 tables?
order to gain 5%? A. 200 C. 240
A. 5200 C. 5250 B. 360 D. 400
B. 5300 D. 5550
16. 20kg of potato costs as much as 5kg of
8. An article is sold for rs.4600 at a gain of tomato; 12 kg of tomato costs as much as
15%. What would be the profit or loss per 30kg of onion; 15kg of onion costs as much
cent if it is sold for Rs.3600? as 18kg of cabbage. If 10kg of cabbage
A. 10% profit C. 10% loss costs Rs.50, find the cost of 24kg of potato.
B. 90% profit D. 90% loss A. 70 C. 90
B. 100 D. 120
9. Arjun sold a book at the profit of 6.25%.
Had he sold it for rs.2 more he would have 17. A man had to sell rice at a loss of 5%. If he
gained 12.5%. Find the cost price of the increases the price by rs.3 per kg, he would
book. make a profit of 10%. Find the C.P. and
A. 50 C. 48 initial S.P. per kg of rice.
B. 32 D. 44 A. C.P. = rs.20,S.P. = rs.19 per kg
B. C.P. = rs.21, S.P. = rs.19 per kg
10. Ram sells a book at a profit of 5%. If he had C. C.P. = rs. 30, S.P. = rs. 17 per kg
bought it at 10% less and sold it for rs.6 D. C.P. = rs. 22, S.P. = rs. 18 per kg
more, he would have gained 20%. Find the
cost price of the book. 18. A man sells two articles, each for the same
A. 210 C. 200 price of Rs.420. he earns 20% profit on the
B. 220 D. 230 first and 40% profit on the second. Find
overall per cent profit?
11. A shopkeeper first marks the price of an A. 30% C. 28.34%
article at a profit of 20%. But soon after B. 29.23% D. 26.75%
realizing its increased demand and shortage
of supply he again increases the price by 19. A tradesman sells an article at 20% discount
10%. Find the resultant profit per cent that on the marked price and still makes the
he now makes. profit of 25%. Find the marked price of the
A. 30% C. 32% article if he sold it for Rs.140.
B. 34% D. 36% A. 160 C. 165
B. 170 D. 175
12. The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the
selling price of 6 articles. Find its profit
percentage?
A. 60% C. 16.66%
B. 6.25% D. 66.666%

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 Profit and Loss

20. A person marks his goods 25% above cost

price but gives a discount of 10% to the
buyer on cash payment. If he sells it at
Rs.450, find the cost price.
A. 100 C. 200
B. 400 D. 600

21. If 7% of the selling price of an article is

equal to 8% of its cost price, and 9% of the
selling price exceeds 10% of it cost price by
Re.1, find the profit.
A. Rs.25 C. Rs.50
B. Rs.75 D. Rs.100

22. Kantilal marks up his price 30% over the

cost price. If he increases the discount from
5% to 10% he loses Rs.26. What is his profit
if the discount is 20%?
A. Rs. 16 C. Rs. 8
B. Rs. 28 D. Rs. 20

23. In a certain store the profit is 320% of the

cost price, if the cost increases by 20% but
the selling price remains constant,
approximately what percentage of selling
price is the profit?
A. 23.6% C. 71.40%
B. 16.67% D. 66.67%

24. A trader purchases a watch and a wall clock

for Rs.390; he sells them making a profit of
10% on the watch and 15% on the wall
clock. He earns a profit of Rs. 51.50, Find
the difference between the original prices of
the wall clock and watch?
A. 105 C. 120
B. 110 D. 125

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