Professional Documents
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Care of Elderly at Home
Care of Elderly at Home
ekSuz kï
fuu jákd lD;sh fuf;la m< fkdjQ úrE wdldrfha tlls¡ fuys ku
álla È. tlla jqk;a fuys we;=<;a lreKq fláh¦ b;d ksjerÈh¦ ni
ir,h¡ mßYS,kh lrk wfhl=g myiqfjka f;areï .; yels whqßka ,shd
;sfí¡
fuu lD;sh iïmdokh l< tï¡ ã¡ O¾ufiak uy;d ud y÷kd .;af;a ta
uy;d fi!LH wOHdmk ld¾hdxYfha fiajh l< ld,fha§h¡ ta wjia:dfõ
ta uy;d fi!LH fiajdfõ §m jHdma; úúO mqyqKq jev igykaj, iïm;a
odhlfhl= fuka u WmfoaYlfhl= f,i o l%shd lf<ah¡ ud¾f.damfoaY
rpkfhys olaIhl= jQ Tyq cd;sl mqyqKq jev igykaj,g ke;sj u neß
wfhl= úh¡ tys § ,;a w;a±lSï fuu lD;sh iïmdokh lsÍfï§ Wmldr
jQjd ksielh¡
¡l¿;r Èia;%slalfha fydrK k.rhg wdikakj msysá ;,., .ïudkfha
Wmka O¾ufiak uy;d wo k.rhg wj;S¾Kj ld¾hnyq, Ôú;hla .;
l< o .u wu;l fkdl< wfhls¡ furg ck;djg uqyqK §ug isÿ ù we;s
m%Odk .eg¨jla jQ uy¨ fyda wdndê; fyda frda.SjQ wfhl= f.or§u /l
n,d .ekSu .ek fujka w;HjYH lD;shla iïmdokh lrkakg fhduqùu
meiish hq;a;ls¡
m¾is chudkak
fcHIaG udOHfõ§
I SBN 9 7 8 - 6 2 4 - 9 9 1 5 2 - 0 - 8
tï ã O¾ufiak
fkdñf,a fnodyerSu i|yd
m<uqjk mßÉfþoh
i;aldrh'
i;aldrh hkq l=ulao @
i;aldrh hkq mqoa.,fhl=f.a ldhsl udkisl idudðl wjYH;djhka
bgqlr .ekSug fkdyels wjia:djl§" tu wjYH;d fudkjdo hkak
wjfndaO lrf.k" tajd bgqlr .ekSug Tyqg$wehg iydhùu iy
tu wjYH;djhka .=Kd;aul whqßka bgqlr §uhs'
;u tÈfkod wjYH;djhka bgqlr .; fkdyels wjia:djka" ´kEu
jhia iSudjl§u yÈisfhau we;súh yelsh' yÈis wk;=rla ksid fyda
frda.ùS u ksid tfia úh yelsh' <ore úfha§ fukau" uy¨ úfha§o
Tjqkfa .a tÈfkod wjYH;d bgqlr §ug fyda bgqlr .ekSug iydh
ùu l< hq;= jkafkah'
wm úiska fuys§ idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka" úhm;a tfiau wdndê;
njg m;ajQ {d;sjrhl=f.a/jßhlf.a by; ±lajQ ldhsl" udkisl"
wOHd;añl yd idudðl wjYH;djhkah' fuu wjYH;djhka
kej;;a tÈfkod Ôjk wjYH;djhka (Daily Living Needs) f,io
iïmskv
a kh lr ±laúh yelsh' tfiau fuu wjYH;d fudkjdo
hkak y÷kd.eksu yd wjfndaO lr .ekSuo jeo.;a jkafkah'
ldhsl wjYH;d - ksoiqka f,i" lEu îu .ekSu" u<uQ;%
mylsÍu" YÍrh msßisÿ lr .ekSu yd
weú§u'
udkisl wjYH;d - wdorh" fifkyi yd iydkqlïmdj ,eîu'
iudchSh wjYH;d - mjqf,a wh iu. fukau msgia;r wh iu`.
iïnkaO;d meje;aùu" l;d ny lsßu'
wOHd;añl wjYH;d - WodyrK f,i ;u wd.u weoySu yd j;a
ms<sfj;a lsßu jeks mdrf,d!lsl wjYH;d'
1
tfyhska" i;aldrh hkak iïmQ¾K ùu i|yd mqoa.,fhl=f.a tu
wjYH;d yÿkd.ekSu" wjfndaO lr .eksu yd bgqlr §u fyda
bgqlr .ekSug iydh ùu hk lrKq ish,a,u wvx.= fõ'
i;aldrlfhl= ùu'
i;aldrlfhl= jYfhka Tng lsÍug we;s foh ^ld¾hNdrh& iy
i;aldrh i|yd .;jk ld, iSudj úúO úh yelsh' Tfí
{d;shdf.a frda.S ;;ajh l%ufhka j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk tlla
kï ^ksoiqkla f,i w,aIhsu¾ frda.h jeks& i;aldrlfhl= ùug
Tn iQodkñka isákjd úh yelsh' tfy;a frda.S ;;ajh yÈisfhau
we;s jQ tlla kï" Tn i;aldrlfhl= ùug ldhslj yd udkislj
iQodkï ke;' ksoiqkla f,i fud<fha reêr kd,hla msmsßu ^stroke&
ksid YÍrfha me;a;la mK ke;sùu ^paralysis jeks& fï l=uk
wjia:djl jqjo i;aldrlfhl= ùfï ;SrKh .ekSu Tn yd mjqf,a
wfkl=;a whf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka isÿ úh hq;=h'
id;a;=lrKfha uÜgï'
Tnf.a {d;shdf.a wjYH;djh jkafka" f.ñÿ, msßisÿ lsßu fyda
idhkhg /f.k hdu jeks fohla muKla kï Tnf.a iydh wjYH
jkafka i;shlg meh lsym s hla muKs' tfy;a fndfyda úg
{d;shdf.a tÈfkod bgql< hq;=" iEu fm!oa.,sl wjYH;djhka
^ksoiqka f,i lEu .ekSu" jeisls<s hdu" YÍrh msßisÿj ;nd
.eksu" U!IO .ekSu& ne?reï kï Tnf.a id;a;=j iEu Èklu
fkdlvjdu wjYHfõ'
3
1' Ñ;a; ffp;isluh Yla;sh j¾Okh ùu'
;uka lsisod fkd±k isá Ñ;a; ffp;isluh Yla;shla .Dy
i;aldrh ;=<ska ,efí' ;u {d;shdg lsisjla lsÍug fkdyelsj
wirKj" iekiSula" iykhla wfmalAIdfjka isák úg iy th
Tfnka bgqjk úg" Tn yd {d;shd w;r jeäÈhqKq jk in|;djh
;=<ska Tng úYd, wd;au ;Dma;shla ,efnk w;r" Tnf.a Ñ;a;
ffp;isl Yla;sh jvd;a j¾Okh fõ' tmuKla fkdj" Tn lrk
fiajdj ;=<ska Tfí {d;shd Wmßu i;aldrh ,nk úg yd bka
,efnk ;Dma;sh ;=<ska ,efnk ksy;udks wdvïnrh Tng ysñfõ'
4
i;H isÿùula'
iqks,a yd ldka;s wdorKSh wUqieñ hqj,ls' mdi,a hk ore fofokd;a
iu. Tjqka .; lf<a iqkaor ðú;hla' /lshdjlg fkdhk ldka;s
f.or jev ish,a, bgq lf<a uy;a i;=áks' mdkaoßkau /lshdjg
hk iqks,a wdmiq ksjig tkafka ie|E w÷r jegqk miqjhs' orejkag
ljd fmdjd" mdi,a hjd" f.j;af;a msßisÿ lsÍï wjika lr ijia
Nd.fha f.or tk orejkaf.a jev lghq;= yd Tjqkaf.a wOHdmksl
lghq;= j,g iydh jk ldka;s" ie|E ld,h f.ù hk úg" rd;%S
wdydrho ms<sfh, lr" jev ksu ù meñfKk ieñhd wdorfhka
ms<s.ekSug mqreÿ ù isáhdh'
iqks,af.a;a" ldka;sf.a;a" fid÷re Èúhg lKfldld ye`vqfõ ldka;s
wxYNd. frda.h je<§ T;am, ùu;a iu.h' ldka;sg wjYH id;a;=
lsÍug;a" orejkaf.a wOHdmksl lghq;= we;=¿ Tjqka /ln,d
.ekSu;a" f.or bjqï msyï q lghq;=;a hk ish,a, iqk,
s a u;
mejreKq fyhska" /lshdjg hdu w;yeßug Tyqg isÿúh'
;udf.a ysi u;g jegqkq j.lSï ish,a, bgq lsÍug iqks,a
fkdmels,sj lghq;= lf<ah' ldka;sg wjYH Wjegka lrñka iy
wehf.a Wmfoia ,nd .ksñka f.or fodf¾ jev lghq;= lsÍug Tyq
l%ufhka mqreÿ jQ w;r" mqreÿ /lshdj w;ayer f.or isg lrk
iajhx /lshdjla ÈhqKq lr .ekSug Tyqg yelsúh'
5
fouõmshka úhm;a ù" frda.S jq úg" Tjqkg
a i;aldr lsßu wmf.a
j.lSulah hkak ysi u; ;ndf.k wms lghq;= lruq' úfYaIfhkau
Tjqkf
a .ka .s,syS hk ld¾hNdrh wms lrg f.k lghq;= lsßu
fndfyda úg isÿjkakls'
ujf.a fyda mshdf.a fi!LH ;;ajh ÿ¾j, ù fn,ysk ù hk úg
wmg isys .kajkafka urKhhs' túg Tng isyh s g tkafka Tnf.a iy
foudmshkaf.a ld¾hNdrfha fjkila isÿúh hq;= njhs' úhm;aj
frda.S j isákafka mshd kï Tng isysjkafka" Tn ñka miqj" mshd ish
mjq, fjkqfjka l< jev fldgi ;uka úiska l< hq;= njhs'
fuf;la È.= l,la mjqf,a ish¿ foa imhkakd jQ iy wdrlaIlhd jQ
mshdg" ;jÿrg;a tu ld¾h Ndrh bgq lsÍug fkdyels jqj;a" th
ms<s.ekSug Tyqo udkislj iqodkï fkdúh yels w;r" Tfnka
i;aldr ,nkakl= njg m;aùugo Tyq iQodkï fkdúh yelsh'
tfy;a mj;akd m%dfhda.l
s ;;ajh u;" i;aldrlfhl= ùfï Tnf.a
j.lSu meyer yeÍug Tn iQodkï ke;' uõmshkag i;aldr lsÍug
wjia:djla ,eîu hkq" Tjqka jir .Kkdjlau ;ukag bgql<
fiajdjkag lD;.=K ie,iSug wjia:djla ,eîuls' tksid mjqf,a
<`.u {d;shd yd Tn w;r;a" mjqf,a wfkl=;a idudðlhka w;r;a
in|;djkays idOkSh fjkila we;sùu" ms<s.; hq;= lreKla
jkafkah'
;j;a úfgl" Tng i;aldr lsßug isÿjkafka" l,la Tn mjq,g
fl<skua iïnkaO ù fkdisá Tnf.a uduKaäh fyda kekaoksh úh
yelsh' Tyq fyda weh /ln,d .ekSug fjk;a {d;Ska iQodkï ke;'
tjka wjia:djla l<ukdlrKh lr .kafka flfiao @ m<uqj Tn
l< hq;af;a ;ksju ;SrK .ekSu fkdfõ' túg .eg¿ rdYshla
u;=úh yelsh' Tnf.a iylre$iyldßh iu`. fukau" Tnf.a
orejka iu`. o {d;shdf.a /ljrKh ms<sn| idlÉPd l< hq;=uh'
{d;shdg ie,iSug isÿjk /ljrKh yd i;aldrh ksid" Tnf.a
iylreg$iyldßhg fyda orejkag Tfnka ,efnk wdor ie,ls,s
lsisjl wvqjla isÿ fkdjk njg" Tjqkg a ta;a;= .ekaùug Tng
isÿjkq we;'
6
tfiau" th ta whqßkau isÿlsßug j.n,d .ekSug Tng isÿjkq we;'
tfia isÿ fkdjqkfyd;a Tn yd iylre$iyldßh yd orejka w;r
meje;s iqyo in|;djhka wys;lr ;;ajhlg m;aúh yelsh'
Tn /ljrKh yd i;aldr i,ikafka" Tnf.a mjqf,au
idudðlfhl=g fyda lsÜgq {d;sfhl=g jqjo" tu i;aldrh
ie,iSfï§" tu ld¾hh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd Tfí ñ;=rkaf.ka"
wi,ajeishkaf.ka yd fjk;a {d;Skf a .ka ,nd.; yels iydh
ms<sn| Tjqka iu. idlÉPd lsßuo jeo.;afõ' Tjqka" Tng iydh
±laùug fujeks wjia:djl leue;a; olajkq we;' túg fuf;la
l,a Tjqka iy Tn w;r meje;s in|;d ;j;a il%Sh jkq we;' {d;s
i;aldrh yd /ln,d .ekSu myiq jkq we;'
Tnf.a ie,ls,a, fhduq úh hq;= wfkla jeo.;a ldrKh jkafka
Tnf.a iy iuyr úg Tnf.a iylref.a /lshdj úh yelsh' u;=
ù we;s ;;ajh hgf;a /lshdjg hdu Bu lr .kafka flfiao"
/lshd ia:dkfhka ,nd.; yels iykhka fudkjdo hkak ms<sn|j
fidhd ne,Su wjYH jkafkah' tfiau" /lshd lrk ia:dkfha
m%Odkshd iu. idlÉPd lsßu ;=<" Tyqf.ka hïlsis iykhla
,nd.ekSug Tng yelsjkq we;' th iuyr úfgl" rdcldßhg hk
tk fõ,djkays fjkila fyda rdcldß ld,fha fjkila fyda
rdcldßfha fjkila fyda m%jdykfha fjkila fyda úh yelsh'
Tfí {d;shdg /ljrKh yd i;aldr ie,iSfïoS" iydh ,nd.;
yels rdcH fiajdjka ms<sn|j" iuyr úg Tn fkdokakjd úh
yelsh' th oek.ekSu b;d jeo.;a úh yelsh' rdcH
fomd¾;fïka;= jYfhka .;al,"
1' iudc fiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j
2' fi!LH fomd¾;fïka;=j
3' wêlrK wud;HdxYh iy
4' iajfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh jeo.;afõ'
cd;sl jYfhka mj;akd by; i|yka fomd¾;fïka;= yd wud;HdxY
hgf;a" m%dfoaYSh jYfhka fiajd imhk ks<OdÍka ljqo hkak Tn
±k isáh hq;=h' th u;= oelafjk j.=fjka y÷kd .kak'
7
j.=fõ olajd we;s wdldrhg" m%dfoaYSh yd cd;sl uÜgfï mj;sk
fomd¾;fïka;= hgf;a m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï yd .ï uÜgfï isák
ks<OdÍka ±k isáu" ;u {d;shd /l n,d .ekSfï§ jeo.;a
jkafka" Tjqkfa .ka .;yels hï hï fiajdjka ,nd .ekSug yelsjk
ksidh' ksoiqkla f,i ;u {d;shd /ln,d .ekSfï§ frdao mqgqjla
fyda lsy<
s slrejla .ekSug ;ukag yelshdjla fkdue;s kï" .%du
ks,OdÍ u.ska iudc fiajd ks<OdÍ yuq ù" tu Wmldrh ,nd.ekSug
yels fõ' ta whqßkau m%dfoaYSh jeäysá ks<OdÍ iy .ï uÜgfï
jeäysá ix.ï ks<OdÍka yuqùfukao øjHuh yd uQ,Huh wdOdr
,nd.; yels fõ'
tfiau" úhm;ajq yd frda.S njg m;ajQ Tnf.a {d;shd /ln,d
.ekSfï§" .ï uÜgfï iy m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï mj;akd m%cd uQ,
ixúOdk tkï .%du ixj¾Ok iñ;s" mfrdamdldr iñ;s jeks iñ;s
u.skoa úúO rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk u.sko a i,ikq ,nk fiajdjka
,nd .; yels fõ' wjYH jkafka tu ixúOdk l%shdldßka iu.
idlÉPd lsßu muKls'
fï wkqj Tnf.a úhm;ajQ tfiau iuyr úg frda.S jQ Tnf.a {d;shd
/l.ekSu yd i;aldr lsÍfï ld¾h Ndrh bgq lsÍfï ;SrKh Tn
.kafka kï iy oekgu;a Tn tu ld¾hh bgq lrkafka kï ta i|yd
Tng iydh ùug úYd, msßila isák nj Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'
wjYH jkafka Tjqka iu. iïnkaO;d we;slr .ekSuh'
8
j.=j 1
iydh Wmfoia yd fiajdjka ,nd.; yels wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka
9
m%dfoaYSh m%dfoaYSh kS;s fi!LH ffjoH
f,alïjreka wdOdr fldñiu ks<OdÍ
wdydrh'
jhi yd frda.S ;;ajhka wkqj" Tn .kakd wdydrfha iajNdjh yd
m%udKh fjkia úh yelsh' tfy;a" .kakd wdydrh ish¿ fmdaIK
.=Kfhka hq;= iu;=<s; wdydrhla úh hq;=h' úhm;a jQ yd frda.S jQ
{d;shd /ln,d .ekSug fjfyi ùfï§" Tnf.a m%Odk wdydr fõ,a
.ekSu w;miq fkdl< hq;=hs' iq¿ wdydrhla f.k l=i.sks ksjd
.ekSug fm<öfuka" Tng wjYH YÍr Yla;sh ySk ù hd yelsh'
Èkm;d jHdhduh'
Tfí jhia uÜgu wkqj" .e,fmk jHdhdu j, fh§fuka"
/ljrKh i,ikafkl= jYfhka Tfí ldhsl yd udkisl Yla;sh
j¾Okh fõ' hg;a msßfihska Èklg meh Nd.hlaj;a jHdhdï lsÍu
wjYH fõ' tho" Wofha ñks;a;= 15 la iy iekaoE ld,fha ñks;a;=
15 la jYfhka fhdod .; yelsh' fõ.fhka weú§u" tl;ek Èùu"
nhsisl,h me§u jeks jHdhdu jvd;a fhda.Hfõ' jHdhdufha§" Tfí
kdä fõ.h jeäùu yd Yajik fõ.h jeäùu ;=<ska yDofha yd
fmky¿ l%shdldß;ajfha jeäùuo wjYH fõ' Tn úfõlSj isák úg
fifuka isÿjk tu l%shdldß;ajhka jHdhdu ld,h ;=<§ fõ.j;aj
isÿùu wjYH jkafkah' tu.ska yDoh iy fmky¿ l%shdldß;ajhg
ðjhla ,efí'
10
úfõlh yd kskao'
/ljrKh yd id;a;=j i,ikafkl= jYfhka" Tng jßka jr
úfõlh wjYH jkq we;' frda.S {d;shdg iqj myiqj ie,iSfuka
miq" Tng flá úfõl ld,hla .; yelsh' tu úfõlh
úfkdaofhka .; lsßug W;aidy .; hq;=h' tu úfõl ld,fha§ "
ksjfia fjk;a jevj,g iïnkaO fkdúh hq;=h' úfõlh ksis
whqßka .; lsÍu i|yd mjqf,a whf.kao bv ,nd.; hq;=h'
fkdwkqudkju" Tjqka ta i|yd Tng wjia:d i,ikq we;' Èklg
meh 6 l ksko
a la Tng wjYHfõ'
11
lD;.=K fjkqjg /jqï f.rjqï" ksko a d" wmydid;aul joka úh
yelsh' fï ish,a, we;sjkafka Tng we;s wdorfha wvqlula ksid
fkdj" Tyqg$wehg mj;akd ldhsl yd udkisl frda.S ;;ajh ksid
nj Tn jgyd .; hq;=h'
12
hq;af;a ;ukag tu Ñ;a;fõ.h we;sjq nj y÷kd.ekSuhs' tfy;a
;udg we;sjQ Ñ;a;fõ.h" ;u yeisÍu ;=<ska tkï ;u l:dj ;=<ska
fyda jpkfhka fyda l%shdfjka fyda ;ud fj;ska id;a;=j ,nk
{d;shdg fkdfmkaúh hq;=h'
id;a;=lrKfha fhfok Tng" fndfyda úg ldhsl yd udkisl
fjfyila iu. we;sjk Ñ;a; mSvdj fyj;a wd;;sh ;=<" Tn
m<uqj l< hq;af;a ;uka úisku
a " tjka iDK Ñ;a;fõ.Sh ;;ajhla
we;sjq nj y÷kd.ekSuhs' y÷kd.kafka flfia±hs Tng m%YKa hla
úh yelsh' my; i|yka ;;ajhka Tng we;sjQfhao@
fï id;a;=lsÍfï jev ;j fldmuK l,la l< hq;= fõo hk
ye`.Su'
;ukaf.a iy mjqf,a jev lghq;= i|yd .;lsßug ld,hla
fidhd .kafka flfia±hs is;Su'
;j fldÉpr ;sfhkjdo lrkak"
uu fï fiaru lrkafka fldfyduo hk ye`.Su'
ldhsl fjfyi ±kSu'
iq¿ fohg mjd fldam ùu'
fkdreiaik nj'
fujka udkisl ;;ajhka tlla fyda lSmhla mj;S kï" Tng
wd;;sh ;;ajhla mj;sk nj y÷kd .; hq;=h' fuu wd;;sh
,laIK l,a;shd y÷kd f.k lghq;= lsÍfuka ;udg we;súh yels
;on, ldhsl yd udkisl ydks j,lajd .; yelsh'
13
3' Tng ksjiska msg ù hdu l< fkdyels kï" iqjodhs iakdkhl
fh§u fyda leue;s ix.S;hlg fyda .Shlg ijka fokak'
4' we|g f.dia flá ksko
a lg fhduqjkak'
5' ksjiska msg; fyda ksji ;=<§ jHdhduhl fh§ug wu;l
fkdlrkak' rEmjdyskS jHdhdu jev igykla fyda jHdhdu
ùäfhda mghla krUñka YdÍßl jHdhduhl fh§u u.ska
wd;;sh wvqlr .; yelsh'
6' ñ;=frl=g fyda 1333 g ÿrl;kh u.ska l;d lr" Tn is;
;=< lelEfrk woyia is;=ú,s Tyq iu.ska idlÉPd lrkak'
14
id;a;=lrefjl= f,i l< hq;= yd fkdl< hq;= foa'
1' Tng we;sjQ m%Yk
a h ms<sn|j" fjk;a w;a±lSï iys; mßK;
mqoa.,fhl= iu. fyda Wmldrhla ,nd.; yels wfhl= iu.
fyda WmfoaYljrfhl= iu. idlÉPd lsßu l< hq;=u fohls'
2' flak;
a sh jeäjk nj Tng ±fkakï" {d;shdf.a wdrlaIdj
i,iñka Tn iq¿ fõ,djlg Tyqf.ka wE;aj isáu l< hq;=
fohls'
3' Tnf.a ñ;=rkaf.ka yd wfkl=;a {d;Skf
a .ka Tng iykhla
fkd,eîu fya;=jla lrf.k Tjqka iu. mj;akd iïnkaO;d
w;a fkdyßkak'
4' Tnf.a fldamh ms<sn| ,eÊcdjg m;a fkdjkak' fldamh ;j
;j;a jeä ÈhqKqùug fmr WmfoaYlfhl= iu. idlÉPd
lrkak' ÿrl:k wxl 1333 fkdñ,fha ÿrl:k WmfoaYk
fiajh wu;d iykhla ,nd.; yelsh'
15
i;aldrh ,nk {d;shdf.a iajdëk;ajhg .re lsßu hkq" Tyqf.a
wehf.a tÈfkod wjYH;djhka yd bgqlr .; yels foa lr .ekSug
bv ,nd§uhs'
Tn {d;shd fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk i;aldrh ms<sn|j" {d;shdf.a
úYajdih ^confidence& ì| jegqkfyd;a" ;ud wkdrlaI; s nj iy
;ks ù we;ehs {d;shdg isf;kq we;' tksid tjka ye`.Sula {d;shd
;=< we;s fkdjk f,i lghq;= lsßu" Tn i;= j.lSula fukau
olaI;djhlao jkq we;' ;uka uq¨ mjq,gu uy;ajq nrlaù we;s
njla {d;shdg fkdyefÕk mßÈ lghq;= lsßu" we;af;kau Tnf.a
{d;s i;aldrfha jeo.;a l=i,;djhla fukau olaI;djhlao jkq
we;'
Tnf.a {d;shdg id;a;= lsÍfï§" tys hïlsis ie,eiaula ;sîu ;=<ska
i,ik id;a;=fõ w;miqùï isÿ fkdjk w;r" id;a;=fõ .=Kd;aul
njo j¾Okh fõ' fuu id;a;= ie,iqï ilialr .ekSfï§ Tng Tn
m%foaYfha isák" tfiau ;uka fyd¢ka y÷kk" iuyr úg úY%dñlj
isák fyo ks<OdßKshl fyda ffjoHjrfhl=f.a iydh fyda Wmfoia
,nd.; yelsh' túg Tn i,ik fiajfha lsisu wvqjla isÿ fkdfõ'
16
by; i|yka ldrKd ms<sn| ie,ls,a, olajk úg yd ta iïnkaO
id;a;=j i,ik úg" Tn i,ik id;a;=j fyj;a i;aldrh wx.
iïmQ¾Kfõ' tfiau id;a;=j i,ik Èk yd fõ,djka ie,iqï
lr.; yelsh'
17
wfkldg ±fkk f,i .reire lsÍfï§" Tyq$weh bÈßfha Tn
yeisfrk wdldrh" úfYaIfhkau Tyqg wduka;%Kh lrk wdldrh
iy Tnf.a uqyqfKka ye`.Sï m<fjk wdldrh jeo.;afõ' tu.ska
Tyqg .relrk wdldrh Tyq y÷kd.kakd w;r th wfkHdkH
in|;djh j¾Okh ùugo n,mEula we;slrhs' Tyq fyda weh
i|yd Tn lrkq ,nk iEu fohlau" lsÍug fmr m<uqj Tyq$weh
iu. idlÉPd lsÍu fyda úuiSula lsßuo" .relsÍfï ;j;a jeo.;a
l%uhls' tfiau" ks;ru Tyqf.a wjYH;d fudkjdo hkak ms<sn|
Tyqf.ka úuid isàuo" Tyqg ±fkk mßÈ .re lsÍfï ;j;a
Wml%uhls' ksoiqkla f,i" Tyqf.a wdydrh ms<sn| úfYaIfhkau
lEug leu;s foa" tajd l=uk wdldrfhka ilia úh hq;=o Wohg
oj,ag yd rd;%shg .ekSug leu;s l=uk wdydro hk lreKq ms<sn|
Tyq iu. idlÉPd lsßu ±laúh yelsh' iuyr úg Tyqg$wehg
wjYH mßoafokau tajd bgq lsÍug Tng fkdyels jkakg ms<sjk'
tfy;a m<uq lS mßÈ úuid isáu Tyqg lrkq ,nk .re lsÍuls'
18
fojk mßÉfþoh
ikaksfõokh'
19
ikaksfõok ld¾hh id¾:l ùug kï Tn" Tfí {d;shd"
ikakf
s õokh lrk úúO wdldrhka y÷kd .; hq;=hs'
;u woyia m%ldY lsßug leu;s l%u ±k .; hq;=h'
{d;shd iu`. iM,u;aj ikakf
s õokh lsÍfï l=i<;d
j¾Okh lr .; hq;=h'
id¾:l f,i woyia m%ldY lsßug wmyiq jkafka wehso
hkak Tn ±k.; hq;=h'
id¾:l f,iska ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍug {d;shdg Woõ
lrkafka flfiao hkak ±k.; hq;=h'
Tn i;aldr ,ndfok {d;shd" ;u wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSu i|yd
Tn wu;d l:d lrkjd we;' Tyq mjik fohg ijka§" th f;areï
f.k ms<s;=rla ,nd§u fukau tu wjYH;djh bgqlr§uo wjYHfõ'
^th jdÑl ikakf s õokh f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh&
ksoiqkla f,i" ;ukag uQ;%d lsÍug wjYH nj Tyq mjikq we;' Tn
th f;areï .;a nj y`.jñka iy ta i|yd ;uka Woõ lrk nj
mjiñka" jeisls<shg hdug" Tyqg frdao mqgqj ,nd§u" tys ys÷ùu
yd jeisls<shg f.k hdu u.ska Woõ lrkq we;' ke;fyd;a wjYH
mßÈ uQ;%d fmdaÉÑhla § wdOdr lrkq we;'
Tnf.a {d;shdg l:d lsßug wmyiq kï" fndfyda úg ;u
wjYH;djh m%ldY lr isákafka yia; uqødfjka fyj;a ldhsl
NdIdfjka ^body language& úh yelsh' tksid" Tn i;aldr lrk
{d;shdf.a ldhsl NdIdj ^body Language& y÷kd .ekSfï yelshdj"
Tn ;=< ;sìh hq;= w;r" Tyqg f;areï hk whqfrka ldhsl NdIdj
Ndú;d lsÍfï l=i,;djh" Tno j¾Okh lr.; hq;=hs' fuys§
Tyqf.a ldhsl NdIdj jkafka jeisls<sh foig ;u w; È.=lr
fmkaùu úh yelsh'
20
iuyrúg Tfí {d;shd jdÑl
niska fyda ldhsl niska fkdj
hï fohla w;g f.k fmkaùu
u.skoa ;u woyi m%ldY lrkq
we;' fuh ix{d NdIdj kñka
ye¢kaúh yelsh'
21
f.khdu l< hq;=h' Tn blauka jq ;rug ffjoH m%;sldr u.ska Tyq
h:d ;;ajhg m;alr .ekSug yelsjkq we;'
wjdÑl niska
fkdreiaik nj fmkaùu
22
{d;shdf.a fmkSu ÿ¾j, kï" woyia yqjudre lr.kafka flfiao @
jhig hdfï§ fndfyda fofkl=f.a fmkSu ÿ¾j, ùu" iajNdúlh'
fmkSu ÿ¾j,ùu úúOdldr úh yelshs'
wjg wdf,dalh wvqjQ úg fmkSu ÿ¾j, ùu iy wdf,dalh
jeäjQ úg idudkH ;rulg fmkSu'
fl<ska n,k úg fmkSu ÿ¾j, jqj;a" me;a;g n,k úg
fmkSu mej;Su'
fmkSu fnd|ùu'
ta ksid Tyqf.a fmkSfï ÿ¾j,;djh l=uk wdldrfha tllao hkak
Tngu y÷kd.; yelsh' hï fohla bÈßmiska yd me;a;lska fmkajd
fmfka±hs n,kak' Tyqf.a fmkSfï ÿ¾j,;djh fkd;ld yßñka
Tng wjYH mßÈ lghq;= l<fyd;a Tyqo Tnj fkd;ld yßkq we;'
tksid Tyq iu. iqyoj lghq;= l< hq;=h'
Tyq iu. woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfï§" fjkila we;slr .ekSu
wjYH úh yelsh' fmkSu ÿ¾j, jqj;a" weiSu fyd¢ka ;sfí±hs
ksÍCIKh lrkak' fmkSu ÿ¾j, ksid w;ska yd uqyf q Kka lrk
wjdÑl woyia ±laùu M, rys;h' l:dj wdrïN lrk úg" Tyqf.a
Wrysig w; ;nd Tng ±ka fldfyduo@ lshd wu;kak' Tyqf.a
Y%jKh fyd| ksid;a" Tnj Tyqg wuq;af;l= fkdjk ksid;a" l:d
lsÍu ;=<ska woyia yqjudre lr.; yelsh' Tn Tyqf.ka bj;a ù
hk úg" Tyqg okajd hEu jeo.;a fõ' ke;fyd;a Tyq ;jÿrg;a Tn
Tyq <`. isá;ehs is;d l:d lrkq we;' Tnf.a m%;spdr fkdue;s ksid
Tyq Tn iu. WrK jkq we;' Tyq ks;r Ndú;d lrk ùÿrej"
fldamamh" ms`.dk jeks Ndck Tyqg myiqfjka .; yels tla
ia:dkhl ;nkak' o;a nqreiqj" oka;df,am yd mkdj jeks foa tla
;ekl ;nkak' we÷ï myiqfjka .;yels mßÈ tla ;ekl ;nkak'
tfia jq úg" fmkSu ÿ¾j, jQj;a" ;ek okakd ksid .ekSu myiqfõ'
tksid" tu øjH yd WmlrK lnâ tlla ;=< fyda ksis ;ekl ;nd
we| lsÜgqfjka ;eîu wjYHfõ' yerñáh fyda weúojkh ^walker&
mdúÉÑ lrkafka kï" tajdo <`.g .; yels mßÈ tla ia:dkhlu
;nkak' Tyqg" Tnj wjYH úg Tfí ku fyda {d;s;ajfhka wu;k
f,io mjikak'
23
fmkSu ÿ¾j, Tyqg" jeisls<shg hdug yd kEug fyda msßisÿ lr
.ekSug fyda wjYH jQ úg Woõ lsßu wjYH fõ' Tyqf.a w;ska
w,a,df.k tu ia:dkj,g /f.k hkak' jeisls<sfha jdäùugo
ld¾hh wjika jQ úg msßisÿ lr .ekSugo kej; taugo Woõ
jkak' uqyK
q fia§fï§ yd kEfï§;a tfiau Woõ ùu wjYHfõ' Woõ
ùfï§ iEu fohu Tn l< hq;= ke;' Tyqg lr .; yels foa lr
.ekSug bvfokak' hï hï foa lr.; yelskï th lr .ekSug
bvyeÍu Tyqf.a iajdëk;ajhg .re lsÍula jk w;r" Tyqo thg
leue;s fõ'
24
f;d,a lshùu ^lip reading&'
iuyreka is;kqfha weiSu ÿ¾j, ìysß whg" uy;a Yíofhka lE
.id hula lS úg f;areï .kSú lshdh' tfia lshk úg isÿjkafka
Tyqg lshk foh fkdjegySu;a" lE .id lshk úg olsk Tnf.a
ldhsl iajrEmh ±l Tyqg flak; a s hdu;a muKls' tksid Tn
mjik foh tla jrlg tla jdlHhlg iSud lr" th Tyqf.a uqyK q
n,d fifuka yd uDÿ iajrEmfhka mejiSuhs' túg Tyq Tnf.a f;d,a
p,kh ;=<ska lshk foh wjfndaO lr.kS'
láka mjik foh" Tnf.a uqyf q Ka bßhõ iy yia; ix{d u.ska
^ldhslj& jvd;a ;Sj% lr olajkak' túg" Tyq Tn mjik foh
myiqfjka f;areï f.k m%;spdr olajkq we;'
Tfí {d;shdf.a ìysß nj jeäkï" ix{d NdIdfjkau ^sign
language& l:d lrkak' tla tla woyi lshd mEug w;ska
we`.s,sj,ska lrk hï hï ix{d yqre lr.kak' Tn mjik foh
iqÿ lvodishl ,shd ±laúh yelsh' ke;fyd;a msk;
a +r iy jpk
u.ska ,shd ±laùu fmkaúh yelsh'
ksoiqka f,i"
—wms lEu luq˜
—wms kdkakg huq˜
—wms álla weúÈkak huq˜
—wms uqyK
q fidaokak huq˜
—wms we÷ï udre lruq˜ hkdoS jYfhka'
Ñ;a; jHdl+,Ndjh hkq iq¿ foh mjd wu;l jk" ;ud isák ;ek
fldfya±hs lSug fkdyels" udih" Èkh" oji yd fõ,dj .ek lSug
fkdyels ;;ajhhs' fujka ;;ajhlg m;ajQ úhm;a Tfí {d;shd
iu. ikakf s õokh mj;ajd .ekSu yd wfkl=;a lghq;= lsßu"
b;du;a iSre udrefjka l< hq;=h' uy;a bjiSulska l< hq;=h' fï
25
i|yd" Tn m<uqfjkau l< hq;af;a Tyq m;aj isák ;;ajh wjfndaO
lr .ekSuhs' wjfndaOfhka hq;=j lghq;= lrk úg bjiSu myiq jkq
we;'
wmf.a u;lh fohdldrhs' È.=ld,Sk u;lh iy fláld,Sk
u;lh hkqfjks' úhm;a jk úg isÿ jkafka È.=ld,Sk u;lh
fndfyda úg tfiau ;sìh§" fláld,Sk foa wu;l ùuhs' Tnf.a
{d;shdf.ka Tn weiqfjd;a thdf. mdi, .ek" Tyq thg myiqfjka
ms<s;=re fokq we;' tfy;a Tn weiqfjd;a Wfoag lEfj fudkjo
lshd" Tyq f.dvla fj,d l,amkd lrkq we;' ke;akï jerÈ
ms<s;=rla fokq we;' Tn Tyq fjkqfjka lrk ,o foa" kej; b,a,d
isákq we;' Wfoa wdydrh f.k iq¿ fõ,djlg miq Wfoag lkak
ÿkafka ke;ehs mjikq we;' fnfy;a îjdg miq fnfy;a îfõ
ke;ehs fnfy;a b,a,kq we;' iuyr úg Èjd wdydrh f.k iq¿
kskoa lska miq ke.sg" —ug lkakg fokafka keoa±˜ hs wikq we;'
úhm;aùu;a iu. we;sjk fuu yeisÍï rgdjka bjid isàug Tn
mqreÿ úh hq;=h'
fndfyda úg" Tn Wjegka lrk {d;shd Tfíu úhm;ajQ
jeäysáfhl= fõ' Tyq fuf;la l,la Ôj;ajQ ksji Tyq ;reK
ld,fha§ f.dvke.+ f.dvke.s,a,la úh yelsh' iuyr úg"
Tnf.au ksjila úh yelsh' {d;shdo l,l isg Tn iu.u
Ôj;ajkjd úh yelsh' flfia jqjo" úhm;a Ndjh;a iu. mj;akd
wdndê; fyda frda.S ;;ajh u;" Tyq ksjfia Ôj;ajk ldurfhys
fyda ksjfia hï hï fjkialï fyj;a wkqj¾;khka lsÍfï
wjYH;djka u;=jkq we;' {d;shdf.a fjkiajk fm!oa.,sl
wjYH;djka u;" fuu fjkialï lsßug isÿfõ' ksoiqkla f,i Tyq
ks;r ks;r u<my lsÍfï wjYH;djh ;sfnk wfhl= kï"
jeisls<shg lsÜgq ;ekl Tyqf.a ldurh ;sîu" myiqjla jkq we;'
tfia ke;akï Tyqf.a ldurhg hdnoj jeisls,s leisls,s myiqlï
ie,iSu Tyqg fukau Tngo myiqjla f.k fokq we;'
26
;=kj
a k mßÉfþoh
27
lrk frdao mqgqj ^wheel chair& ;ksj Ndú;d lrk wkaou myod §
th Tyqf.a we| wi,sku a ;eîu wjYH jkq we;' lsy< s slre
(crutches) yd ierháho tfiau Tyqg myiqfjka .; yels mßÈ
;eìh hq;=fõ'
ksok ldurh'
{d;shd isák ldurhg fyd¢ka wdf,dalh yd jd;dY%h ,eìh hq;=h'
ldurh ;=< jd;h .uka lsßug yels mßÈ cfk,a yer ;eìh
hq;=h' tfy;a uÿrejka we;=¿ùu j,lajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH
mshjr .ekSuo wjYHfõ'
{d;sjrhd isák ldurfha" Tyq ksok we| u; iqj ksko a la ,eìh
yels jk mßÈ" fldÜg fuÜg yd we| we;sß,s msßisÿj ;sìh hq;=h'
tajd Èkm;d ysre /iska fõ,d .ekSu fyd| mqreoaols'
ldurh ;=< ksok we| lsÜgqfjkau wä 2½'-3' m%udKhl Wiska hq;=
l=vd lnvhla ;eîu iqÿiqh' lnvh È." m<, 2'x2' ùu iqÿiqhs'
lnvfha by< fldgfia ,dÉpqjla iy my; fldgfia jeä bv
28
lvla isák fia fldgia folska hqla; úu iqÿiqh' j;=r fnda;,h"
WKqj;=r fnda;,h" j;=r fndk ùÿrej fyda fldamamh lnvh u;
;eìh yelsh' lnvfha my; fldgfia we÷ï ;eìh yelsh'
lnvfha by< fldgfia msÕdk" fldamam" yeÈ iy fjk;a îug
.kakd lsß msá jeks øjH ;eìh yelsh'
we|g lsÜgqj l=vd fïihla iy mqgqjla ;eîuo iqÿiqfõ' {d;shdg
ks;r je;sr isàu wmyiqh' mqgqj ;sîfuka wjYH úgl Tyqg tys
jdäúh yelsh' Èkm;d mqj;am;a .kafka kï tajd fïih u; ;eìh
yelsh' f¾äfhda fyda rEmjdyskS hka;%h fïih u; ;eìh yelsh'
Tyq leu;s rEmjdyskS jevigyka yd .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyka
keröug wjia:dj i,id §u" Tyqf.a udkisl fi!LH wjYH;d
bgqlsÍulao fõ' tho Tyqg i,ik i;aldrfha wx.hla nj u;l
;nd.; hq;= ldrKhls'
iuyr wjia:djkay§ s " Tn fkd±kqj;aj {d;shd weú§fï
WmlrKhla Ndú;d fkdlr" ldurfha isg kdk ldurhg fyda
l=iaishg .uka l< yel' tjka úgl" Tyq ì;a;s" mqgq yd fïi
w,a,ñka tajdfha iydh ,nñka .uka l< yel' tksid ldurfha yd
id,fha ;sfnk mqgq ieye,a¨ tajd fkdù nrlska hq;= tajd úh hq;=h'
tfiau" Tyq ks;r weúo hk fldgfia fukau kdk ldurfha yd
jeisls,s ldurfhao ì;a;sj, iy wjYH ;kays w;ajdre ^grab rails)
iú lr ;eîfuka" Tyqg tajd w,a,df.k hdug" ys| .ekSug yd
kej;;a ke.sàug Wmldßfõ' Tyq weúo hk fldgfia tkï
ldurfha yd id,fha f.ìu fkd,siaik iq¿ úh hq;=h' th Tyq
jeàfuka j,lajd .ekSug Wmldr fõ' f.ìu u; fy,d ;sfnk
mdmsis myiqfjka ,siaid hk tajd fkdúh hq;=h'
29
id;a;= lsßug myiq jk mßos .e,fmk Wilska we| ilia úh
hq;=h'
È.= ld,hla we| úfõlh ,nk wfhl= kï" fyda we|gu iSud ù
isák {d;sfhl= kï we| wi,u l=vd lnvhla ;sîu wjYH;djhla
jkq we;' lnvh ;=<" ks;ru wjYH jk we÷ï iy msßisÿ lsßu yd
msßisÿj ;eîu i|yd wjYH jk oE ;eìh yelsh' lnvh u;
;eìh yels úÿ,s ,dïmqjla" j;=r fnda;,hla jeksoE ;eìh yelsh'
{d;shdg u<my lsßu i|yd" fgdhs,Ü mqgqjla Ndú;d lrkafka kï
th we|g ióm ;ekl ;eîu wjYH jkq we;' we| wi,sku a Tyqg
wjYH úfgl ys| .ekSu i|yd w;a weÈ iys; mqgqjla ;eìh hq;=h'
by; i|yka foaj,a j,g wu;rj" {d;shdf.a myiqj iy
mßyrKh i|yd" my; i|yka foaj,ao Tyqg myiqfjka .; yels
mßÈ we| iómfha" u;=msgla u; ;nkak'
l=vd úÿ,s mkaoula"
tyd fuyd l< yels l=vd we| by fïihla" (over bed
table)
rEmjdyskS ÿria: md,lhla"
yÈis weu;sï WmlrKhla"
{d;shd wef|ka jeàu j,lajd .ekSug;a" wef|ys ys| .ekSug
yd wef|ka ke.sàug Wmldr lr .; yels we| .rdÈhla"
(bed railing).
fõ,dj n,d.; yels fïi Trf,daiqjla fyda ì;a;s
Trf,daiqjla"
l=vd fg,sfmdakhla" ^mobile phone&
Èkm;d fyda i;sm;d mqj;am;la"
lshùug iqÿiq fmd;la fyda i`.rdjla"
fudnhs,a f*daka tl u.ska ;udf.a md¿j uld .ekSu i|yd ;udf.a
ñ;=rka weu;sug yels jkafkah' udkisl iykh i|yd tu.ska
iydhla ,efnkq we;'
Èkm;d fyda i;sm;d mqj;am;la ;eîu u.ska Tyqg rfÜ f;dfÜ
isÿjk foa" ±k .ekSfï wjYH;djh imqrd,sh yelsh'
30
Tfí {d;shd lshùug leue;a; olajkafkla kï" Tyq leue;s
fmd;la fyda iÕrdjla ;sîu u.ska Tyqf.a lshùfï wjYH;djh
bgql< yelsfõ'
31
tl háka yd iskl a a tl lsÜgqfjka" fmdf<dj u; ,siaid fkdhk iq¿
mdmsiaila fyda l<d,hla ;eìh yelsh'
by; ±lajQ WmlrK yd wdOdrl iys; kdk ldurh iy jeisls<s
ldurh ;snqK;a" we|gu iSudjq iy we| úfõlfhka isák
{d;sfhl=" msßisÿ lsßu we;=¿ YÍr lD;H l<hq;= jkafka {d;shd
wefoys isáh§uh' th l< hq;= wdldrh mqoa.,sl msßisÿlu
mßÉfþofhka úia;r lr we;'
32
isõjk mßÉfþoh
fmdaIKh'
id;a;=lrKfha§ fmdaIKh'
wmf.a YÍrh fmdaIKh jkafka wm .kakd wdydrh ;=<sk's wmf.a
YÍrfha msyg
s d we;s bkaøshhkaf.a ukd l%shdldß;ajh mj;ajd .eksu
i|ydo wm lrkq ,nk úúO l%shdldrlï i|ydo wmg Yla;sh
wjYHhs' Yla;shla ksmoùug bkaOk wjYHhs' ñksia isrer keue;s
wisßu;a hka;%hg Yla;sh ksmoùu i|yd wjYH bkaOk ,efnkafka
wm .kq ,nk wdydrfhks'
wdydrfha wvx.= tu bkaOk jkafka" m%Odk jYfhkau fïoh" msIaGh
fyj;a ldfndyhsâf¾Ü iy fm%daàk hk fmdaIlhkah'
ñksia isref¾ j¾Okh iy th mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd fmdaIH
mod¾: ,efnkafkao wm .kakd úúO fmdaIH mod¾: we;=<;a
wdydrfhks' tfiau YÍrfha frda. j,lajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH
m%;sYla;sh ksmojd .ekSug;a" frda.j,g lrkq ,nk m%;sldrhkays
l%shdldß;ajh mj;ajd .ekSug;a wm .kakd wdydrfha úúO fmdaIH
fldgia wvx.= úh hq;=h'
Tnf.a id;a;=jg hg;aj isák jfhdajDoaO {d;shdg i,ik
fmdaIKh ;=<ska by; i|yka l< ld¾hhka imqrd,k wdydr fõ,la
,ndÈh hq;=h' tfy;a Tfí frda.S fyda wdndê; {d;shd" fndfyda úg
wdydr reÑh wvq wfhl= úh yelsh' wdydr .ekSug m%sh;djhla
fkdolajk wfhl= úh yelsh' tjka wjia:dj,§ Tn id;a;=j ,nd
fokafkl= f,i lghq;= l< hq;= wdldrho fuu mßÉfþofha§
úia;r lr we;'
33
YÍrfha j¾Okh iy meje;au i|yd wjYH fmdaIlhka fudkjdo @
fm%daàk'
fm%daàk jYfhka wm y÷kajk weuhsfkda wï, YÍrh ;=< kj
fm%daàk ksmojd .kS' weuhsfkda wï, rdYshla mj;sk w;r w;HjYH
weuhsfkda wï, j¾. 11 la we;' w;HjYH weuhsfkda wï, ish,a,
i;aj wdydrj, wvx.= jk w;r" Ydluh wdydrj, wvx.= jkafka
úúO m%udKhkaf.ks' ta ksid i;aj wdydr fkd.kakd wh w;HjYH
weuhsfkda wï, ,nd.ekSu i|yd úúO Ydluh wdydr .; hq;=fõ'
YÍrfha udxYuh fldgia j¾Okh ùu i|ydo reêrh j¾Okh iy
úúO fydafudak j¾Okh ùu i|ydo fm%daàk wjYHfõ'
msIaGh ^ldfndyhsâf¾Ü&'
wm .kakd wdydrfha jeämqr wvx.= jkafka msIaGhhs' m%Odk
jYfhkau" n;a iy mdka u.sko a úúO w, j¾. u.skao msIaGh
,efnk w;r" nv mqrjdf.k is; i;=gq lr .ekSu i|yd msIaGh
jeämqr .ekSug ñksiqka mqreÿù isà' tfiau YÍrhg Yla;sh
,nd.eksfï ud¾.h ù we;af;a msIaG wdydr .ekSuhs' msIaG wdydr
wdudYh ;=<§ Ô¾Kh ùu ;=<ska .aÆfldaia jeks l=vd wKq njg
m;aù reêrhg wjfYdaIKh ^Wrd.kS& fõ' tfiau msIaG wdydrj,
wvx.= ishqï fl¢ fyj;a ;ka;= fldgia ^fibre& wdydr Ô¾Kfha§
jeo.;a jkafka tajd wdydr Ô¾K moaO;sh ;=<§ wkjYH fldgia
neyer lsßug WmldÍ jk ksidh'
fïoh'
fm%daàk yd ldfndyhsâf¾g yd ii|k l, Yla;sh jeäfhkau ,nd
fokafka fïoh u.sk's jeäysáhkag fïoh wvx.= wdydr jeämqr
wjYHfõ' fïoh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia folla we;' tkï"
ika;Dma; fïo" (saturated fats)
wika;Dma; fïo jYfhks' (unsaturated fats)
ika;Dma; fïoh yDo frda. yd ia:, q Ndjh we;slsÍug fya;=jk
ksid jeäysáhkg Èh hq;af;a wika;Dma; fïoh iys; wdydrhs'
34
úgñka'
A, B, C, D, E wd§ jYfhka úgñka j¾. rdYshla we;s w;r YÍr
bkaøshhkaf.a ukd l%shdldß;ajh iy kSfrda.S fi!LHh i|yd wmf.a
wdydrfha úgñka j¾. wvx.= úh hq;=h' ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj
Tnf.a {d;shdgo úgñka j¾. §ug isÿjkq we;'
LKsc j¾.'
hlv yd le,aishï we;=¿ YÍrhg wjYH LKsc j¾. rdYshla we;'
YÍrfha reêrh j¾Okh ùu i|yd;a" wiaÓ j¾Okh ùu i|yd;a"
fydafudak j¾. ksmoùu i|yd;a úúO LKsc j¾. WmldÍfõ' Lksc
j¾. {d;shdg Èh hq;af;ao ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj nj isys ;nd.;
hq;=h'
35
úgñka j¾." tajd wvx.= wdydr iy wjYH;d'
úgñka wvx.= wdydr wjYH;djh
j¾.h
36
YÍrfha j¾Okhg yd meje;aug wjYH LKsc j¾." tajd wvx.=
wdydr iy LKsc j, wjYH;djh'
LKsc
wvx.= wdydr j¾. wjYH;djh
j¾.h
¨Kq ^fílka" OdkH YÍrfha c,h r|jd ;nd
fidaähï
j¾.hkays iq¿ jYfhka& .ekSug
iakdhq moaO;sfha
m<;=re" m,d" t<j¿"
fmdgEishï l%shdldß;ajhg" yDofha
lsß" uiaj,
iy jl=.vq l%shldß;ajhg
lsß" m,d" t<j¿" rks, o;a iy wiaÓ j¾Okhg"
le,aishï
fnda. reêrh leá .eiSug
i;aj wlaudj" uia"
ì;a;r ly uoh" weg
hlv j¾.j, m,d t<j¿ r;= ffi, j¾Okhg
^lxl=k"a uql=Kqjekak"
f.dgqfld<&
f;a" fldams" fidahd o;a iy wiaÓ Yla;su;a
*af,darhsâ
fndaxÑ" ¨Kq ùug yd j¾Okhg
;hsfrdhsâ .%kÓ
a fha
whäka whäka tl;= l< ¨Kq
j¾Okh i|yd
37
flfia fyda lEug reÑhla fkdolajk fyda lEu m%;sfCIam lrk
úgl§ Tn l< hq;af;a l=ulao@ th Tng .eg¿jla úh yelsh'
fokq ,nk lEu fõf,ys fjkila lsÍfuka" wjYHh m%;sM,h
,nd.; yels jkq we;'
{d;shd lEug m%sh;djhla olajk wdydr .ek úuid fjkila l<
yelsjkq we;' >k wdydr fjkqjg le| jeks Èhruh wdydr Èh
yelsh' lEu ilia lrk wdldrfha fjkila we;s lsÍfuka fndfyda
úg wdydrfha rifha fjkila we;s lr .; yelsh' Tyq fyda
wehf.ka úuid n,d wdydr ilia lr §fukao wdydr .ekSu
idudkH w;g yrjd .; yels jkq we;' idudkHfhka isÿjkafka
ksjfia wfkla whg ilia lrk wdydrfhkau {d;shdgo ix.%y
lsÍuhs' tys iq¿ fyda fjkila lr {d;shdf.ka woyia ie,ls,a,g
f.k wdydrh ilia lr fokafka kï Tyq fyda weh lEu m%;slafIm
lsßu fkdlrkq we;' tksid lEu j¾.j, fjkila fyda lEu ilia
lrk wdldrfha fjkila we;slsßu u.ska Tn wfmaCId lrk m%;sM,
,nd .ekSug W;aidy lsßu wjYH jkq we;'
lEu ix.%y lrk wdldrh ms<snojo ie,ls<su;a úh hq;=h' Tn
lrkafka lEu ms`.dklg fnod {d;shdg f.k f.dia § lEug
wdrdOkd lsÍuo@ fkdtfia kï lEu" ms`.dk wi, we;s fïih u;
;nd Tyq$weh iu. l:d fkdlr wdmiq hduo@ fojk l%ufha§ Tyq
iu`. ikakf s õokhla fkdue;' Tyqg .re lsÍuo fkdue;' th
Tyqg ±fkk fohls' ;uka ms<s fkd.efkk ;;ajhla we;sjQ l,
Tyq wdydr fkdf.k isákq we;' wdydr ix.%y lsÍfï§ Tn ;=<
olakg ,efnk m%shukdm Ndjho {d;shdg wjfndaOfõ' ta wkqj Tyq
wdydr .ekSu fyda m%;sfCIam lsßï lrkq we;' tksid ;uka lrk
wdydr id;a;=fõ§o tu m%shukdm Ndjh Tfí uqyf q Kka" jpkfhka
yd l%shdfjka mj;ajd .ekSu ;=<ska Tn wfmalaId lrk m%;sM,h ,nd
.; yelsjkq we;'
{d;shdf.a wdndê; fyda frda.S ;;ajh wkqj Tyqg myiq bßhõjl
ys÷jd lEu .ekSug myiqjla ie,iSfukao Tnf.a .eg¿j úiod
.; yelsjkq we;' we|g iaj,amhla Wäka isák fïihla ^we| by
fïih& Ndú;d lsÍfuka myiqjla ie,ish yelsh'
38
wef|ka fkdneiaiùug ffjoHjrhd ;SrKh lr ;sfnk
wjia:djl§" flfia fyda {d;shd wef|a isáh§u lEu ix.%y l<
hq;= w;r Tyqg ;ksj lEu .ekSu wmyiq kï lEu leúh hq;=h'
{d;shdg wdydr ix.%y lsÍu is;a weo .kakd iq¿ whqßka lrkafka
kï Tyq ;=< lEu .ekSfï reÑh j¾Okh jkq we;'
j;=r fyda fjk;a îu j¾. fndk ùÿrej fyda fldamam w;a folsku
a
w,a,d .; yels mßÈ fomiska wvq folla ;sfí kï Tyqg myiqjla
jkq we;' ;ks wvqjla iys; kï" th Tyqg fyd¢ka w,a,d .ekSug
myiq jk f,dl= wvqjla ;sfnk Ndckhla úh hq;=h'
lEu .ekSfï§" w; fkdj yekaola Ndú;d lrkafka kï iy tu
yekao .Eremamqjla iys; tlla kï" len,s iys; wdydr" .Eremamq
fldgiska wek lgg .ekSu myiqjkq we;'
myiqfjka ys|f.k lEu .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq mqgqjla yd fïihla
;sìh hq;=h' Tyqg m%sh Wmojk by; lS WmlrK fïih u; ;eìh
yelsh'
ukig iykh f.k fok ix.S;hla weiSug fyda ne,Sug"
f¾äfhdajla fyda rEmjdyskS hka;%hla ;eîu ;=<ska" tu o¾Yk fyda
ix.S;h wiñka fyda n,ñka" lEu .ekSug fm<Uùula l< yelsh'
40
wêl fyhsk"a uQ;%d lrk m%udKh wkqj c,h jeäfhka mdkh lsßu
wjYH fõ' tfiau uOqfïyh frda. ;;ajh" ld,hla mj;sk úg iy
frda.h ukd f,i md,kh lr .ekSula fkdue;s jq l," jl=.vqj,
o frda. ;;ajhka we;s ù" tys l%shdldß;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka" Èh hq;=
wdydrj, fjkialï lsÍug isÿjkq we;' fujeks wfhl= m%;sldrhg
,lafjk ksid Èh hq;= wdydr .ek o ffjoH Wmfoia ,efnkq we;'
tksid ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj wdydrh Èh hq;=fõ' úfYaIfhkau
jl=.vq frda.j,§" jl=.vq l%shdldß;ajh ÿ¾j, ùfuka" jl=.vq
j,ska fmfrk uQ;%d m%udKh wvqùu ksid" uQ;%d iu. msgù hk
hQßhd" hqßla wï,h yd l%sfhagkska jeks úI øjH reêrfha jeäjk
ksid tu úI øjH YÍrfha ksmoùug fya;=jk wdydr §u" wvqlsßug
isÿfõ' tksid ffjoH Wmfoia ;rfha ms<sme§u wjYHfõ'
41
- l=âv iys; OdkH j¾." m<;=re iy t<j¿ j¾." fïoh rys;
lsß" ^non fat milk) wdydr fõ,g tl;= lrkak'
- f;,a ^fïoh& nyq, ;o r;= meye;s uia j¾. iy biaika"
fmdlsßiaika iy ±,a,ka jeks fldf<iagfrda,a nyq, wdydr
uq¿ukskua lmd yßkak' tfy;a Tfí {d;shdf.a wdydr fõ,g
fïoh wvx.= wfkl=;a wdydr tl;= úh hq;=h'
- wdydrj,g" ¨Kq tl;= lsÍfï§ wdydr reÑh we;sjk mßÈ iy
{d;shdf.a leue;a; mßÈ th isÿúh hq;=h' flfia jqjo ffjoH
u;ho ie,ls,a,g .kak'
- msisk jHCoack i|yd lrmsxpd" iqÿ¿EKq" l=re÷ fmd;= yd
f.drld tl;= lsÍfuka yd wdydrhg .ekSu u.ska wêl reêr
mSvkh wvqlr .; yelsh'
wêl reêr mSvkh" fjk;a yDo frda. we;s lsÍug fya;= jk nj;a"
tu yDo frda. u.ska jl=.vq frda. fukau fud<fha frda. ;;ajhka
we;slrk nj;a Tn u;l ;nd.; hq;af;a" Tfí {d;shdf.a wdydr
fõ, ms<sfh, lsÍfï§" tu lreKq ms<smeÈh hq;= fyhsks'
Tfí /ljrKh ,nk {d;shdg mdpkh mj;S kï" tkï Èklg
jeä jdr .Kkla Èhdre u<my lsßula mj;S kï" jydu
ffjoHjrfhl=g fmkajd wjYH ffjoH m%;sldr ,nd Èh hq;=h'
ffjoH u;h wkqj T!IO m%;sldro ,nñka ksjfia§ /ln,d .kafka
kï" Tyqg fmdaIKh ie,iSfï§ Tn my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn|
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
- úc,kh ùu j,lajd .ekSug;a" fmdaIKh mj;ajd .ekSug;a"
c,h we;=¿ m<;=re hqI iy le| j¾. jeämqr fokak'
- >K wdydr fjkqjg w¾O >K wdydr fokak'
- fmrd .;a iqma j¾. Èh yelshs'
- Èhr iys; u<my l< yeu jdrhlgu miq" c,h fyda fjk;a
m<;=re hqI jeks mdkhla fokak'
- iaj,am jYfhka iqÿ n;a Èh yelsh'
- c,h fjkqjg Ôjks mdkh ilia lr fokak'
- fldams" f;a iy fnda;,a lr we;s úúO mdk j¾. wdydr Ô¾K
moaO;sh W;af;ackh lrk ksid tu mdkj¾. §fuka j,lskk a '
42
miajk mßÉfþoh
43
Tfí {d;shdg weúo hdug Woõ lrkafka flfiao @
frda. ;;ajh fyda wdndO ;;ajh fyd|
w;g yefrk úg iy ffjoH Wmfoia
wkqj Tyqg weúo hdug wkque;sh ,eî
we;s úg" {d;shdg weúo hdug Woõ l<
yelsh'
msk;
a +rfhys ±lafjk wkaoug Woõ lrkak'
46
ke.sgqjd .ekSug" ys÷jd .ekSug iy weú§ug Wmldr lr .ekSu
i|yd WmlrK we;'
weúojkh (Walker).
frdao iúl< yd fkdl< weúojkhka
we;' fujeks WmlrK úl=Kk idmamq
k.rfhys we;' fuu WmlrKh Ndú;d
lsÍfuka weúo hdug myiqjla yd
Yla;shla f.kfohs'
47
frdao mqgqj (Wheel chair).
úúO wdldrfhka ilia lrk ,o frdao
mqgq we;' fujeks WmlrK i|yd fjkajQ
idmamq we;'
Tfí {d;shdg weú§ug fkdyels kï"
Tyq tyd fuyd f.k hdu i|yd frdao
mqgqj Ndú;d l< yelsh' frdao mqgq j¾.
folla we;'
48
3' ±ka" bÈßmiska tiù we;s frdao mqgqfõ msgqmi frdao fol
fifuka mäfha my;g ;,a¨ ù hdug bv fokak' miqmi frdao
mäfha my<g meñKs miqj mqgqfõ bÈßmi frdao ìu .efgk
f,i my;a lrkak'
2' bÈßmi tijqkq mqgqj ±ka mj;skf a ka miqmi frdao fol u;h'
±ka Tn l< hq;af;a bÈßmi frdao fol msh.egh u;g jk
f;la mqgqj bÈßhg ;,a¨ lsßuhs'
3' ;=kja k mshjf¾§ Tn l< hq;af;a" fjr fhdod mqgqfõ miqmi
frdao fol msh.egh u;g tifjk mßÈ mqgqj Tijñka bÈßhg
;,a¨ lsßuhs'
49
YdÍßl ksYpa ,;dj fyj;a fkdfi,aù isàu (immobility) ksid
we;súh yels w;=re wdndO j,lajd .ekSu'
jhia:Ndjh;a iu. l%ufhka weúo hdfï ÿ¾j,;d we;sfõ'
ys|f.k isg ke.sàug yd bkamiq isgf.k fl<ska isàugo wmyiq
fõ' isg .;a;;a fl<ska isáuo wmyiq fõ' Bg fya;=j YÍrfha
Yla;sh wvqùu muKla fkdfõ' Wl=,a ikaêh" oKysia ikaêh" ksis
f,i l%shd;aul fkdùu" tu ikaê yd iïnkaO fmaYS j, Yla;sh
fyj;a fmaYs ;dkh (muscle tone) wvqùu" ll=f,a iy Wl=,a
m%foaYfha wiaÓ nkaOkSka yd LKavrd ÿ¾j, ùu iy YÍr iunrj
;nd .ekSfï yelshdj ke;sj hdu ksid" fl<ska isgf.k isáu yd
weúohdu wmyiq fõ' tmuKla fkdj" w;mh È. yeßu yd yels,Su
mjd wmyiq fõ' fujka ;;ajhla iu. Tfí {d;shdg ikaê frda."
^wd;rhsáia& iy yDo frda. ;;ajhka fyda fmky¿ .; frda.
;;ajhka mj;s kï" we| úfõlh ,nd§u wjYH fõ' tys§ Tfí
{d;shdg wef|ka neihdu iïmQ¾Kfhkau ;ykï jk w;r" Tyqf.a
YÍr lD;H i|yd Tn iydh úh hq;=fõ' fujeks jq Tfí {d;shdg
id;a;= lsßfï§ ffjoHjrfhl=f.a fyda fN!; Ñls;ailfhl=f.a
(physiotherapist) fyda fyojßhlf.a fyda Wmfoia ,ndf.k" Tyqf.a
ikaê l%shdldß;ajh ;jÿrg;a ÿ¾j, ù hdu j,lajd .ekSu i|yd
tn l%shd;aul úh hq;=h'
Tfí {d;shd fujka ;;ajhl" we|gu iSud ù isà kï" Tyq isák
ia:dms; ^bßhõ& jßka jr fjkia lsßu iy je;sr isák úg
YÍrfha nr ord isák ;eka tkï" ;=káh yd Wl=, msgqmi" msg
m%foaYh" ú¿U m%foaYh iy ysi msgqmi jßka jr iïndykh lsÍu
yd msßisÿj ;nd .eksu w;HjYH fõ'
Tfí {d;shdg tfia id;a;= fkdlr isáhfyd;a my; ioyka lrk
w;=re wdndO fyj;a ixl+,;d (complications) we;súh yelsh'
we|jK fyj;a mSvk ;=jd<"
fmky¿ wdidok"
u<noaOh"
uQ;%d wdidok"
reêr ixirKfha wdndO'
50
ihjk mßÉfþoh
we|jK'
we|jK we;sùu'
we|jK ms<sn|j" Tn úfYaIfhkau wjfndaOhla ,nd.; hq;=h'
fmr i|yka l< mßÈu È.= fõ,djla iy È.= ld,hla" tlu
bßhõfõ fyj;a tlu ia:dms;hl je;sr fyda ys|f.k isák úg
YÍrfha mSvk ia:dkhkays we;sjk ;=jd< we|jK fyj;a mSvk
;=jd, f,i yeÈkaúh yelsh' fuu mSvk ia:dkj, ;=jd, we;s
jqjfyd;a iqjlr .ekSu myiq fkdjk w;r" fndfyda úg isÿjkafka
;=jd,h f,dl=ùu iy .eUqreù wdidokh ùuhs' we|jK" Tfí
{d;shdg uy;a fõokdjla yd wmyiqjla f.k fohs' tfiau
we|jK we;sùu" Tnf.a id;a;=fõ wvqmdvqjla ksid isÿjkakla nj
wu;l fkdl< hq;=h' tksid jvd;a jeo.;a jkafka we|jK we;sùu
j,lajd .ekSuhs' tksid" we|jK we;sjk ia:dk kej;;a u;la lr
.ekSu jeo.;afõ'
ysi msgqmi
we|jK we;sjk ia:dk'
msk;
a +rfha olajd we;s Wrm;= weg
ia:dkj, weg yd iu
b;du;a iómj mj;sk ;=káh
w;r" È.= fõ,djla yd ^fld÷ weg uQ,h&
ld,hla tlu ia:dms;hl
je,ñg
isák úg" tu ia:dk u;
YÍrfha nr ord isàfï§ Wl=,a weg
we;sjk mSvkh ksid;a" tu
ia:dkj,g reêrh iemhSu
wvqùu ksid;a" iu
leãhdu ksid;a ;=jd,hla
we;sfõ' ú¨U weg
51
we|jK y÷kd.kafka flfiao @
by; i|yka l< mSvk ia:dkhkays" ifï idudkH meyeh fjkia ù
frdai meye .ekSu u.ska y÷kd.; yelsh'
fufia we;sjk iu frdai meye .ekSu" l%ufhka r;=mdgg yefrk
w;r iu mqmqrd hdu iy l=vd ìì,s we;sùu" tu ìì,s mqmqrd
;=jd,h u;=ùu" iu leã hdu iy ;=jd,h wjg me;sr hdu
we;sfõ' fufia ;=jd,h j¾Okh ùu meh 24 la ;=,§ we;sfõ' tksid
;=jd,fha uq,sl ,l=K ÿgq jydu ffjoH m%;sldr ,nd.; hq;=h'
tksid" Tn l< hq;= jeo.;au foh kï" we|jK we;sùu j,lajd
.ekSuhs' ta i|yd uq,slju Tn l< hq;af;a" we|jK we;sjk
YÍrfha mSvk ia:dk ms<snoj ks;r úuis,su;aj isàuhs'
52
i;ajk mßÉfþoh
fmky¿ wdidok'
Tfí úhm;a {d;sjrhd È.= ld,hla" wef|ys tlu bßhõfõ je;sr
isàfï§" fmky¿ uq,fhys ;r<h /¢ isàu ksid" fmky¿
wdidokh úh yelsh' túg" fmky¿ ;=< ;sfnk jd;h .uka lrk
laf,dau kd,sldjka (bronchioles) wjysr ùfuka" yqiau .ekSu iy
msg lsÍu wmyiq fõ' tksid" fuu ;;ajh we;sùu u. yrjd .ekSu
i|yd" {d;shd tla w;gu je;sr isàu j,lajd .; hq;=h' fï
i|yd" Tyq ol=K we,hg yd jï we,hg yerùu fukau" Tyqg
myiq jk mßÈ" Tyq we| úÜgu wdikakhg f.k" fldÜg fol
;=kla tl u; tl ;nd" thg fya;a;= lr ;eîu l< yelsh' meh
2ka 2 g fufia Tyqf.a ia:dms; fjkia lsßfuka" fmky¿ wdidok
muKla fkdj we|jK we;sùuo j,lajd .; yelsh'
53
{d;sjrhdg wef|ys iqj myiqj ,ndfokafka flfiao @
ldhsl jYfhka fn,ySk njg m;ajQ Tfí úhm;a {d;sjrhdg"
wef|ys iqj myiqj isàug;a Tn Wmldr l< hq;=fõ' tu Woõj
;uka l< hq;= nj wjfndaO lr.ekSu iy ta i|yd lem ù
l%shdlsßu wjYH fõ' túg" tu ld¾hh fldmuK wmyiq jqj;a"
fjfyi f.k fokakla jqj;a" ld,h .; l< hq;= jqj;a" th Tn
lrkq we;'
fuys§ my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;=h'
1' {d;sjrhdg iqÿiq we|la"
2' we| we;sß,s"
3' wef|a iqj myiqj i|yd wjYH fjk;a WmlrK"
4' we| ;=<u {d;sjrhdf.a ia:dms; fjkia lsßu"
5' {d;sjrhd wef|ka msg;g .ekSfï§ yd wef|ys ;eîfï§
Wmldr ùu"
iqÿiq we|la'
fuys§" ie,lsh hq;= m%Odk lreKq jkafka" Tnf.a {d;sjrhdf.a iqj
myiqj iy wdrCIdj fukau" id;a;= lrk Tfí myiqj iy
wdrCIdjhs' Tn ;reK cj iïmkak wfhl= kï" Tng myiqj yd
wdrCIdj i,id .ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ' Tno ueÈ jhfia fyda ueÈ
jhio miq l< wfhl= kï" wef|ys isák {d;sjrhdg id;a;=
lsßfï§" Tfí myiqj yd wdrCIdj i|yd" my; i|yka lreKq
ms<sn|j ie,ls<su;a jkak'
wef|ys Wi - m<,'
Tn fofokdgu myiq Wilska hq;= we|la ùu' Wi wvq we|la kï
jvd;a keù jev lsßug Tng isÿfõ' ksfjiaj, ;sfnk we|ka
fndfyda úg Wiska wvqh' tksid wdrCIs; f,i idod.;a we|
Tijkhka Ndú;d lr wef|ys Wi jeälr .; yelsh' msk; a +rh
n,kak' wef|ys m<, wä 3 la muK úh hq;af;a" Tng id;a;=
lsÍfï§ we| jgd hdug isÿjk ksidh' we| ia:dk.; lsÍfï§"
ì;a;s whskg lr ;eîu Tng wmyiqjla f.k fok ksid" ì;a;s
j,ska uE;a lr ;eîu iqÿiqhs'
54
wdrlaIs; we|la
55
2 iy 3 we;sß,s wjYH jkafka" Tfí {d;sjrhd fkd±kSu wef|ys
u< uq;%d my lr.kakd wfhl= kï muKls' wef|ys ueo fldgfia
yria w;g fhdok fuu we;sß,s u.ska" we| we;sß,s iy fuÜgh
f;ófuka j,lajd .; yelsh'
wjYH jqjfyd;a Tyq wef|ys by fldgfia ys÷jd fya;a;= lr ;eîu
i|yd jeämqr fldÜg folla fyda ;=kla ;sîu iqÿiq fõ'
wef|ys iqj myiqj mej;Su i|yd" fhdod we;s we| we;sß,a, /,s
we;s fkdjk fia" wef|ys me;s 4 kau" fuÜghg hg lr ;eìh
hq;=h'
56
wgjk mßÉfþoh
mDIaÀh ia:dms;h'
fuu ia:dms;fha ;nk úg" Tfí {d;sjrhdf.a ysi fldÜgh u;o
msg iy Wrysia folu we| we;sß,a, u;o fow;a fomiska my<g
isák fia fyda Worh fyda <h u; isák f,io ;eìh hq;=h' .fï
jyßka kï Wvqne,s w;g ;eîu hkqfjks'
57
jï w;" yeß ;sfnk isrer u;o
;eìh hq;=fõ' jï my< .d;%dj"
oKysiska uola kjd oKysi
bÈßfhka ol=Kq w;g my;a lr
;eìh hq;=h'
jï md¾Yùh ia:dms;h'
fuys§" {d;sjrhd fmr i|yka l< whqfrkau jï we,hg yrjd
;nhs' {d;sjrhd wef|ys jï w;g yrjk w;r jï my< .d;%dj
we| È.g jk fia ;nk w;r ol=Kq my< .d;%dj oKysiska kjd
bÈßhg f.k we| fuÜgh u; ;eìh hq;=h' ol=Kq w;" yerjq
YÍrh u; isák fia ;eìh hq;= w;r" jï w; je,ñfgka kjd"
w;a, fofldmq, háka ;eìh hq;=h'
*jq,¾ia ia:dms;h'
fuys§ {d;sjrhd wef|ys by< fldgig f.k we| úÜgug fldÜg
3 la muK ;nd fyda 2 ½" x 2" ,E,a,la wxYl 45 muK fldaKhla
jk fia we| úÜgug ;nd" ta u; fldÜgd folla o ;nd" thg
fya;a;= jk mßÈ Tyqj ia:dms; lrkak'
{d;sjrhdf.a uqyK
q fia§fï§
yd Tyqg lEu leùfïoSo Tyqg
myiqjla f.k §u i|ydo fuu
ia:dms;fhys ;eìh yelsh'
mshjr 1
msk;
a +rh - 1 ys ±lafjk whqßka Tn ;ksju fyda iydhlhd iu.
^mjqf,a wfhl=& ;ukaf.a tla w;la {d;sjrhdf.a Wrysia yd Wl=,
w;ßka o" wfkla w; my< .d;%d foflys l<jd iy oKysia w;ßka
o ßx.jd hjkak'
mshjr - 2
fuys§ Tn msk; a +rh 2 ys
±lafjk mßÈ Wvq w;g isák
{d;sjrhd ;ud foig uDÿ
f,i weo.; hq;=h'
59
mshjr - 3
fuys§" Tn wef|ys wfkla
mig f.dia {d;sjrhd ;ud
foig yrjd.; hq;=h' tfia
yerùfï§ hgjk mdoh
fl<ska isák fia ;eìh hq;=
w;r" wfkla mdoh oKysiska
kjd ;eìh hq;=h'
mshjr 1
we| whsfka isák Tn wi,gu .;a
{d;sjrhd Tn foig yrjd .kak'
tfia yrjd .ekSfï§ Tng wE;sska
;sfnk my< .d;%dj" oKysfika u|la
kjd ;nkak' bkamiq mska;+rh 1 ys
±lafjk whqfrka wehf.A mdohka
wef|ka my;g jefgk whqfrka
;nkak'
60
mshjr 2
B<`.g Tn l< hq;af;a
fojk msk; a +rfhka fmfkk
mßÈ Tnf.a tla w;laa Wl=,
u; o wfkla w; wehf.a
Wrysi háka o ;nd"
Wl=f,ys w; ;o lrk w;r
wfkla w;ska weh bosrshg
yd Wv w;g Tijkak'
mshjr 3
msk;a +rh 2 ys ±lafjk whqßka wehf.a
Wl=, u; ;nk ,o Tfí w; ;o
lrñka iy Wrysi háka ;enQ w;
Tijñka wehj wef|ys ys÷jd .kak'
bkamiqj weh frdao mqgqjg .ekSu fyda
mqgqjla u; ys÷jd ;eìh yelsh'
61
mshjr 1
msk;
a +rfha oelafjk mßÈ Tn {d;shdg uqyKq ,d wef|ys mfil
isáñka" Tnf.a tla ll=,la oKysfika kjd" wef|ys isák wehf.a
bKg wdikakj ;nd .kak'
mshjr 2
2 jk msk; a +rfha ±lafjk mßÈ"
ó,`.g Tn l< hq;af;a Tnf.a
iydhlhd iu. {d;shdj
wef|ys by< fldgfia ys÷jd
.ekSuhs' fuys§ Tn iy
iydhl úiska tla w;la
{d;shdf.a Wrysi msgqmiska
;nd .ksñka iy wfkla w;
{d;shdf.aa w;a u; ;nd
.ksñka weh wef|a by<g
.;hq;+hs' bkamiq" {d;shdf.a
msgqmiska fldÜg lsym s hla ;nd
ys| .ekSug myiqj i,ikak'
62
kj jk mßÉfþoh
63
we;=<; Yaf,aIau, mg,fhys iy o;a w;r fukau o;a u;o
;ekam;a ù nelaàßhd iu. ñY% ùfuka uqLh iy o;a wmú;% fõ'
tfyhska" Èkm;d iakdkh u.ska uq¿ YÍrfhau ndysr iu msßisÿj
;nd .; yelsh' tfy;a" Èkh ;=< jßka jr úúO foa iam¾Y
lsÍfuka w;a iy ksh wmú;% jk fyhska" inka yd c,fhka fidaod
w;a iy ksh msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu wjYH fõ' uqLh yd o;a msßisÿj
;nd .ekSu i|yd" iEu m%Odk lEu fõ,lg miqj o;a ue§u l<
hq;=h'
Tfí {d;shdf.a iu msßisÿj iy úh,sj ;nd .eksu i|yd" lghq;=
lsÍu Tn i;= jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhls' Tyq Tfí wdOdrfhka fyda kdk
ldurhg /f.k hd yels kï iy tys§ Tyqg —j;=r u,˜ (shower)
hg ys|f.k iakdkh lsÍug myiqlï ie,ish yelsh' kdk ldurh
;=< my; i|yka myiqlï i,id ;nkak'
wef|ys fia§u'
Tyqg$wehg wef|ka neiSug fkdyelskï fyda ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj
wef|ka nei hdu ;ykï lr we;akï wef|ys fia§ula (bed bath)
lsÍug Tng isÿjkq we;'
fia§u i|yd my; i|yka foa we| lsÜgqfjka ;nd .kak'
u| WKqiqï c,h iys; fíiï folla' ;=jdhka lsym
s hla ^f,dl= l=vd&
iafmdkaÊ fyda fiaÿï frÈ len,s folla ^uqyKq w;amd" YÍrfha
msgqmi yd bÈßmi iy ,sx.sl fmfoia fia§ug&
64
wef|ys fia§fï ms<sfj;'
wef|ys fia§ug m<uqj tys wjYH;djh Tyqg$wehg myod §
Tyqf.a$wehf.a leue;a; iy iydh ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lrkak'
1' {d;shdf.a ysi fldÜgh u; ;nd Wvqne,s w;g ^mDIaÁh
ia:dms;fhka& ;nd .kak' Tyqf.a ish¿ we÷ï bj;a lr" È.
froaolska fomd isg Wria fmfoi olajd wdjrKh lrkak' ysi
háka l=vd ;=jdhla ;nd fuÜgh f;óu j,lajd .kak'
bkamiq" mmqj m%foaYh o ;=jdhlska wdjrKh lrkak' m<uqj
uqyK
q fmfoi iy f., wjg fidaod yßkak' fï i|yd WKqiqï
c,fha nyd .;a iafmdkaÊ fyda inka ;jrd.;a fiaÿï frÈ
lene,s Ndú;d lrkak' bkamiq" inka fkdfhdod j;=frka
f;ud.;a iafmdkaÊ fyda fiaÿï frÈ lene,a,lska fia¥ fldgia
msiod yßkak' bkamiq l=vd ;=jdhlska msi oukak'
uqyK
q fia§fuka miqj" w;afol fidaokak' m<uqj" ;ukag wE;ska
;sfnk w;o bkamiq ;ud wdikakfha ;sfnk w; o fidaokak'
fidaok úg" w;a háka È. w;g ;=jdhla ;nd we| frÈ f;óu
j,lajkak' fmr fiau m<uqj inka iy j;=frka fidaod fojkqj
inka fkdfhdod f;;a l< iafmdkaÊ fyda fiaÿï frÈ
lene,af,ka msiod yer ;=jdhlska msiskak'
2' fojk mshjf¾§ mmqj iy Worh fldgia m<uq lS wdldrfhka
fidaokak' fia§ug m%:u {d;shdf.a msgg háka È. w;g f,dl=
;=jdhla ;nkak'
Tyqf.a Worh yd mmqj ksrdjrKh jk fia" fmdrjd we;s froao
my;a lr ;nkak' bkamiqj fmr i|yka l< whqßka mmqj iy
Worh fidaod" úh,jkak' bkamiq Tyqf.a msg fia§u i|yd
me;a;lg yrjkak ^jï md¾Yùh fyda ol=Kq md¾Yùh
ia:dms;fhka ;nkak& f., msgqmi isg ;Ügï m%foaYh olajd
by; i|yka l< whqfrkau fidaod úh,jkak' bkamiqj fmr
fiau {d;shdj mDIaÀh ia:dms;fhka ;nkak'
3' ;=kj
a k mshjf¾§" {d;shdf.a ll=,a iy mdo fia§u l< hq;=fõ'
md fidaok úgo m<uqj tla ll=,la yd mdoh fidaod úh,jd"
65
bkamiq wfkla ll=, yd mdoh fidaod úh,jkak' fia§fï§ ll=,
háka ú¨U olajd ;=jdhla ;nd we| we;sß,s f;óu j,lajd
.kak'
4' isõjk mshjf¾§" {d;shdf.a ryia m%foaY" ,sx.sl wjhj yd
úgmh m%foaY fia§u l< hq;=h' fuys§ {d;shdg fidaod .ekSug
yelskï" inka .d f;;a l< iafmdkaÊ fyda fiaÿï frÈ lene,a,
Tyqg § fidaod .ekSug lsj yelsh' Tyqg tjeks yelshdjla
ke;akï" ;uka úiskau tu fldgia fidaod yßkak' fia§ug
m%:u" {d;shdf.a ;Ügï yd úgmh ^wfOdaud¾.h wjg& m%foaY
háka ;=jdhla fhdod" we| we;sß,s f;óu j,lajd .kak'
{d;shd wdjrKh lr we;s froao Worh fmfoig bj;a lr"
tu fldgi ksrdjrKh lrkak' ll=,a fol oKysiska kjd
fomig lr ,sx.sl fldgia fia§ug myiqjk f,i ksrdjrKh
lrkak'
bkamiq m<uqj ,sx.sl fmfoio fojkqj úgmh m%foaYho fidaod
úh,jkak'
66
ysi fia§u'
Tfí {d;shdf.a ysi
fia§u i;shlg jrla
fyda lrkafka kï bka
{d;shdg uy;a
iykhla ,efí'
{d;sjrhdg Tfí
iydh we;sj kdk
ldurhg hd yels kï
fyda frdao mqgqj u.ska
f.k hd yels kï"
Tyqg ysi fidaod .;
yels w;r" ta i|yd
Tng iydh úh
yelsh'
{d;sjrhd iakdkh lrk úg" inkao fhdod .ksñka ysi fia§u
myiqfjka lr .; yelsfõ' tfy;a Tfí {d;sjrhd we|gu iSud ù
isák wfhl= kï wef|ys isáh§u ysi fia§u l< hq;=fõ'
úfYaIfhka" wef|ys je;sr isáh§u ysi fia§ug ma,diaála fíiï
iy jd;h mqrjd mqïnd .; yels rn¾ fíiï we;' tjeks fíiul
ysi ;nd ysi fidaok wdldrh fmkajd fok msk;
a +rh n,kak'
Tfí {d;sjrhd we|gu iSud fjñka wl%Shj isáu iy úhm;a ùu;a
iu.u úúO frda. i|yd T!IO j¾. .ekSu;a ksid ndysr isref¾
úúO ia:dkj, we;sjk" widudkH;djka ms<sn|j úuis,su;aj isàu
wjYHfõ' fï ms<sn|j {d;sjrhd úiska lrkq ,nk meñKs,s ;sfí
kï" th i;aldr ie,iSug Tng myiqjla fõ' tfy;a {d;sjrhd-
f.ka meñKs,s fkd,efnk l,ays" Tn tu ndysr YÍrdx. ms<sn|j
ksÍCIKh lr wjYH i;aldr ie,ish hq;=h'
67
68
oijk mßÉfþoh
69
ndysr úuis,su;a úh hq;=
l< hq;= i;aldrh
YÍrdx. widudkH;d
mdo uymge`.s,s bÈóu we|jK we;sùu j,lajd .ekSu
we`.s,s w;r jKùï i|yd mshjr .; hq;=h' we|jK
we;s ù kï ffjoH m%;sldr
ìì,s u;=ùu iy wjYHhs'
we|jK
ìì,s iy uymge`.s,s bÈóu iy
we`.s,s w;r jK ù we;akï
ffjoH m%;sldr ,nd fokak' mdo
wdndOhla kï mdo ms<sno
ffjoH úfYaI{fhl=g
(Podiatrist) o fmkajd m%;sldr
,nd.; yelsh'
ksh ì§ hk kshfmd;= mdo úfYaI{fhl=g fmkajd
(Brittle Nails) ffjoH m%;sldr fokak'
70
tfldf<diajk mßÉfþoh
we÷ï wekaoùu'
Tfí {d;sjrhd${d;sjßh úhm;aj wdndê;j ÿ¾j, iajNdjfhka
isáho" ;ud ne,Su i|yd wuq;a;ka meñKs úg" Tjqka bÈßfha m%sh
ukdm fmkqfuka isàug leue;a; olajhs' Tyqf.a/wehf.a leue;a;
bgq lr .eksug Tn iydh úh hq;=h' tksid Tfí {d;sjrhd
{d;sjßh we| isàug leue;s iy wekaoùug myiq we÷ula
wekaoùug Tng isÿfõ' fuys§ we÷ï lÜg, lsym s hlau ;sîu
wjYH fõ' ukao" fndfyda úhm;a jqjka yg" u< uq;% msgùu md,kh
lr.; fkdyels ksid" u< uq;% iaj,am jYfhka msg ù we÷ï wmú;%
jk fyhsk's tjeks wmú;%ùï j,§ jyd y÷kd f.k msßisÿ lr
w¿;a we÷ï wkaojd" wmsßisÿ we÷ï fidaod msßisÿ l< hq;=fõ'
72
we÷ï f;dard .ekSfï§" úfYaIfhkAu myiqfjka wekaoúh yels iy
bj;a l< yels ieye,a¨ we÷ï úh hq;=h'
tfiau" we÷ï udre lsÍug b;du iqÿiq jkafka WoEik msßisÿ
lsÍfuka miqjhs' túg Tyqg/wehg ojfia b;sß ld,h iqj myiqfjka
isàug yelshdj iy udkisl ieye,a¨jla we;sjk fyhsk's
flfia jqjo" we÷ï we£u w;s fm!oa.,sl ld¾hhla jk fyhska"
Tfí {d;sjrhdg/{d;sjßhg ;ksju we÷ï ye| .ekSug yelshdj
;sfí kï" thg Tn bvÈh hq;=h' ukao tu`.ska id;a;=lrKfha§
ie,ls<su;a úh hq;= ldrKdjka jk id;a;=j ,nkakdf.a
fm!oa.,sl;ajh wdrCId lsßu iy iajdëk;ajhg .re lsßu l<
hq;= fyhsk's tjka wjia:djkays § Tn l< hq;= jkafka we÷ï
we|.ekSu i|yd wjYH mßÈ iydh ùu muKls'
fndfyda úg" we÷ï wekaoùu fyda we| .ekSug iydh ùug Tng
isÿjkq we;' tfiau" wm rfÜ úhm;a {d;Ska ksjfia isáhoS" jeä
jYfhkau w¢kq ,nk we÷ï j¾. Tn okS' msßñ kï irula yd
nekshula fyda lñihla tfia ke;skï È. l,siula fyda lñihla
jkafkah' ldka;djla kï lsfudakdjla fyda È. idhla iy í,jqihla
jkafkah' fï we÷ï wekaoùu fyda ye| .ekSug iydh jkafka
flfiao@ tfiau im;a;=jla iy fïia wekaoùug" fifrmamqjla ;=<g
mdo rejd .eksug iydh jkafka flfiao hk ldrKdo Tn o;
hq;=h'
73
Tyqf.a Worh foig iru .kak' fï i|yd {d;sjrhdf.a o iydh
,nd.; yelsh'
74
fodf<diajk mßÉfþoh
75
wjia:dj,§ Tn lrkq ,nk i;aldrh .=Kd;aul tlla njg
m;afõ'
flfia jqjo" u<uQ;% wixhuh iys; úhm;a {d;sjrfhl=g i;aldr
lsßu iy ta i|yd ;u uki iQodkï lr .ekSu myiq fkdfõ'
tfy;a tu i;aldrh lsÍfï§ th myiq lr .eksu i|yd my;
i|yka iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr.; yelshs'
1' Tfí Ôj;ajk m%foaYfha isák ffjoHjrfhl=f.ka" fyo
ks<Odßfhl=f.ka fyda mjq,a fi!LH ks,OdßKshlf.ka Wmfoia
,nd.ekSu'
2' ;u m%foaYfha mj;ajdf.k hk jeäysá ksjdihl (Home for
elderly) id;a;= fiaúldjlf.ka Wmfoia ,nd.ekSu'
76
Y%S ,xldfõ Tiqi,a YdLdjkays iy m%Odk *duis j,ska fukau Walk
Rite wdh;kfhkao by; i|yka WmlrK ñ<§ .; yelsh'
u,uQ;% wixhu iys; Tnf.a {d;shdf.a we| ^wixhuh we|& ilia
lsßug wjYH foa '
1' we| yd fuÜghg wu;rj fuÜgh f;;aùu j,lajk" c,h
Wrd fkd.kakd fuÜg wdjrKh"
2' we| froao (bed sheet)"
3' fldÜgh iy fldÜg wdjrKh (pillow & protector)"
4' we| froao f;;aùu j,lajd .ekSug we| yryd ouk rn¾ ISÜ
tl (mackintosh)'
77
.eyeKq uQ;%d fmdÉÑhla msßñ uQ;%d fmdÉÑhla
78
fmdaÉÑh Èh yels jk w;r" uQ;% my lsÍu i|yd muKla kï
ldka;d uQ;% fmdaÉÑh Èh yelsh' fuu i;aldr ms<sfjf;a§" Tn
inka fhdod oE;a fidaod" msiod" bkamiq w;ajeiqï me<| .; hq;=h'
{d;shdf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajh fukau iajdëk;ajh o wdrlaId lsÍu
Tnf.a j.lSu jkafkah' fuys§" fmdaÉÑh ;udg u ;nd.; yels nj
iy msßisÿ lr.ekSuo ;udgu lr.; yels nj {d;shd mjikafka
kï fmdaÉÑh iy msßisÿ lr .ekSug wjYHh foa Tyqg$wehg
fokak' ld¾hh wjika jQ miq ;ukag l;d lrk f,i mjid" Tn
t;ekska bj;a ù isàu iqÿiqh' {d;shd l;d l< miq Tn tys f.dia
fmdaÉÑh iy msßisÿ l< oE wvx.= nE.h bj;g f.k msßisÿ lr
;nkak'
we| fmdaÉÑh ;udg u
;nd .ekSug fkdyels
{d;shdg" Tn ta i|yd
iydh úh hq;=h' m<uqj
{d;shdg Wvql=re
bßhõfõ isàug mjid
ye| isák we÷u bfkka
by<g lr" fjk;a
froaolska {d;shd
wdjrKh lrkak'
bkamiq {d;shdf.a oKysia folu kjd .ksñka ú¿ôka Wvg
biafik f,i Wmfoia fokak' tfia tifjk w;f¾§" {d;shdf.a
tijqk ;Ügï háka isák f,iska wdjrKh iys; rn¾ ISÜ
w;=rkak' bkamiq we| fmdaÉÑfha wdjrKh bj;a lr" fmdaÉÑfha
my; me;a; by<g isák fia" fmdaÉÑh ;Ügï háka ;nkak'
bkamiq" {d;shdf.a msg m%foaYhg iy ysi hgg jk fia fldÜg ;=k
y;rla ;nd" bfkka by< tifjk mßÈ ;nkak' túg" Tyqg u<
my lsÍu myiq fõ'
fuys§ o wjYH jq úg ;ukag l;d lsÍug mjid ;u ld¾hh
lsÍug {d;shdg bv i,id Tn u|lg bj;aúh hq;=h'
79
we| fmdaÉÑh bj;a lsÍu'
{d;shd úiska Tng l;d l< miq Tn tys f.dia Tyq$weh msßisÿ
l< hq;= jkafkah' {d;shdg fifkyiska l;dlr wjidk oehs
wikak' wdjrKh lr we;s froao bfkka by,g lr" {d;shd
mfilg yrjñka we| fmdaÉÑh bj;g f.k fmdaÉÑ wdjrKfhka
jid" miqj bj;a lsÍu i|yd mfilska ;nkak' bkamiq mfilg
yerjQ {d;shd Wvql=re bßhõjg fyda *jq,¾ia bßhõjg yrjd
;nkak' mfilska ;enQ wdjrKh l< we| fmdaÉÑh jeisls<s
ldurhg f.k f.dia msßisÿ lr ;nkak'
80
oy;=kajk mßÉfþoh
ffcj ix{d'
ffcj ix{d (vital signs) hkq" wm YÍrfha yDoh l%shdldß;ajh"
reêr Odjkh yd mSvkh" WIaK;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu fmky¿
l%shdldßFjh fyj;a Yajikh mj;ajd .ekSu jeks YÍrfha b;d
jeo.;a l%shdldß;ajhka fmkajd fok ñKqï f,i ±laúh yelsh'
tajd kï 1' reêr mSvkh (Blood Pressure) 2' YrSr WIaK;ajh (Body
Temperature) 3' kdä fõ.h 4' Yajikh (Respiration rate) f,i
±laúh yelsh'
Tn úiska /ln,d .kq ,nk" Tfí {d;shd T!IO m%;sldr ,nk
wfhl= kï" úfYaIfhkau yDo frda. fyda fmky¿.; frda. fyda
fjk;a widOH frda.S ;;ajhlska miqjk wfhl= kï" Tyqf.a ffcj
ix{d mÍCId lr igyka lsßu frday,a jdÜgqj,§ ks;r olakg
,efnk fohls' frday,a ;=<§ tu ld¾hh lrkq ,nkafka
ffjoHjreka iy fyo ks<OdÍka úisk's
81
fuu ffcj ix{d mÍCId lr ne,Su ;=<ska" frda.hg lrkq ,nk
m%;sldrj, id¾:lNdjh uek ne,Sug;a m%;sldrj, fjkila we;s
lsßug;a ffjoHjrekag yelshdj ,efí' Tfí {d;shdo by;
i|yka lsishï frda.hlg ffjoH m%;sldr ,nñka ksjfia miqfjk
wfhl= kï iy Tyqf.a kdä fõ.h" Yajik fõ.h" YdÍßl
WIaKFjh iy reêr mSvkh mÍCId lr igyka lsÍug ffjoH
Wmfoia § ;sfíkï th lrk wdldrh Tn ±k isàu;a" th bgq
lsÍu;a b;d jeo.;a fõ' th ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj bgq lrkafka
kï" ffjoHjrhd úiska {d;shdj mÍCId lsÍfï§" tu ffcj ix{d
f;dr;=re" ffjoHjrhdg frda. ;;ajh ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSug uy;a
fia WmldÍ fõ' ffcj ix{djkays idudkH uÜgug jvd jeä fyda
wvq fjkila we;s jqjfyd;a" {d;shd ffjoHjrfhl= fj; f.khdu
fyda ffjoHjrfhl= le|ùu jeks ;SrK .ekSug Tngo yelshdj
,efí'
{d;shdf.a tu wiaÓh u;
Tfí wf;a ueo`.s,,a iy
on/`.s,a, uDÿ f,i ;o
lsÍfuka kdä fõ.h Tng
.Kkh l< yelsh' we`.s,a,g
±fkk tl f;rmqula hkq
tla kdähls'
82
wisysh frda.fs hl=f.a kï" kdä ne,sh hq;af;a f.f,ys W.=r
fomiska Èfjk iajdml Ouksh (carotid artery) fmr ls mßÈ
ueo`.s,a, yd onr`.s,a, ;o lr ne,Sfuks'
Tfí {d;shdf.a kdä fõ.h ne,Sfï§" Tyq$weh úfõlSj je;sr
isák fyda ys|f.k isák wjia:djla f;dard f.k by; ioyka l<
kdä .Kkh l< yelsh' bkamiq th igyka lrkak' ta i|yd ilia
lr .;a wNHdi fmd;la fyda fld<hla fhdod.; yelsh' my;
i|yka mßÈ igykla lrkak'
Èkh fõ,dj kdä fõ.h
2020.08.25 fm'j' 7'00 70/ ñksÜgq 1
2020.08.26 fm'j' 7'00 70/ñksÜgq 1
83
wm fndfyda úg Ndú;d lrkafka riÈh WK lgqjhs' riÈh WK
lgqfjka WK ne,Sfï§" m<uqj WK lgqj inka ñY% j;=frka yd
msßisÿ j;=frka fidaod msßisÿ mq¿ka fyda msßisÿ frÈ lvlska msiod
úh,d.kak' bkamiqj WK lgqfõ riÈh uÜgu tys n,anh fyj;a
uqLh ;=<g we;=,a lrk fldgig tkf;la wvqlr .ekSu i|yd
WKlgqj" tys n¢ka w,a,d w; .id yßñka fid,jkak' riÈh
uÜgu my;g nei we;akï idudkHfhka *erkayhsÜ wxYl 95 g
(950F) jvd my;g nei we;akï iEfyhs'
84
thg fya;=j jev lsÍfï§ YÍrhg jeäfhka Tlaiscka jdhqj wjYH
ùuhs' Yajik jdrhla hkq wdYajdihla yd iu`. we;sjk m%dYajdih
fõ'
Yajik jdr .Kk uek ne,Su myiqh' mqoa.,hd ^{d;sjrhd& ksod
isák úg mmq fmfoi fyj;a Wria fmfoi Wia my;a ùu ksÍCIKh
lr ne,Sfuka o ys|f.k isák úg Wrysi iy Wria fmfoi Wia
my;aùu ksÍCIKh lsÍfukao Yajik jdr .Kk uek ne,sh
yelsh' Yajik jdr .Kk .Kkh lsÍfï§ w;a Trf,daiqj wjYH
fõ' w;a Trf,daiqj w;a, u; ;ndf.k fyda wf;a ne|f.k tu w;
je,ñfgka kjdf.k {d;shdf.a Wria fmfoi ksÍCIKh lrñka
ñksÜgqjla ;=<§ Yajik lrk jdr .kk .Kkh lrkak' bkamiq
igyka lrkak'
kdä fõ.h YÍr WIaK;ajh iy Yajik jdr .Kk .Kkh lsÍu
tlaúgu lsÍu myiqh' tys§ uqLh ;=< fyda lsy,
s a, ;=< WK lgqj
;eîfuka miqj m<uq ñksÜgqj ;=<§ kdä jdr .Kko fojk
ñksÜgqj ;=<§ Yajik jdr .Kk o ;=kja k ñksÜgqj wjika jk úg
WK lgqj bj;g f.k YÍr WIaK;ajho .Kkh l< yelsh'
85
by; ±lajQ 1" 2" 3 hk lreKq" by;ska úia;r lr we;s fyhska 4"
5" 6 lreKq muKla fu;eka isg úia;r lrkq ,efì'
87
ks,OdßKshlf.ka fyda ffjoHjrfhl=f.ka iydh ,nd .; yelsfõ'
flfia jqjo" fuu mÍCIKh b;d myiq tlla nj u;l ;nd.kak'
fï i|yd Ndú;d lrk WmlrKh .a¨fldógrh kï jQ
^Glucometer& b;d l=vd WmlrKhla jk w;r" th m%isoaO
*duishlska ñ<§ .; yelsh'
.a¨fldaógrh iys; WmlrK lÜg,h ;=< ,ekaiÜ ^Lancet& kï jQ
we`.s,s úÈkhla we;' we`.s,a,la úo reêr idïm,h .kq ,nkafka
tu.sk's tfia we`.s,a, ú§fuka miq we`.s,a, u;g u;=jk reêr
idïm,h .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk ^strip& kï jQ b;d l=vd È.á yd
me;,s ;Sre má .a¨fldógrh iu.u we;'
iu ms<sn| iqmÍCIdj'
iu ms<sn| iqmÍCIdj ldhsl id;a;=fõ b;d jeo.;a wxYhls'
ifuys we÷ñka jeiS we;s fldgia iy úfYaIfhka we|jK j,g
,lafjk fldgia ks;r Tfí fofk;g yiqúh hq;=h' Èkm;d
flfrk fia§ï lghq;= j,§ fï i|yd wjia:dj we;' ifuys úh,s
nj" iSÍï" l=vd ìì,s" me,Sï" bÈó .sh ,m" l=Iag iy l=vd ;=jd<
;sfí±hs ksÍCIKh lr mjqf,a ffjoHjrhdg mjid wod< m%;sldr
,ndfokak'
udkisl fi!LH ;;ajh fyd|±hs ks.ukh lrkafka flfiao @
ldhsl fi!LHh yd udkisl fi!LHh wms fndfyda úg fjkaj l:d
l<o ta folu tlsfkl ne£ mj;sk nj isys ;nd.; hq;=h' Tn
id;a;=j ,ndfok {d;shd i;=áka isákafka kï Tyqf.a$wehf.a
udkisl fi!LHh fyd| uÜgulska mj;sk nj ;SrKh l< yelsh'
udkisl fi!LHh ms<sn| levm; uqyK q hs' uqyKq fyd¢ka
88
ksÍCIKh lsÍfï§" l÷<" fõokdj" fYdalSnj" lK.dgqj" fldamh
ÿl jeks Ñ;a;fõ.hka uqyf
q Kka ms<sìUq fõ kï" udkisl fi!LHh
msßySula nj ks.ukh l< yelsh'
tfiau udkisl fi!LHh fyd| uÜgulska mj;S±hs fidhd ne,Sfï
;j;a fyd|u l%uhla jkafka Tyq$weh iu. l:d lsÍuhs' {d;shd
Tn iu. l:dlrk f;la fkdisg l:d lsÍug uq, mssßh hq;af;a
Tnhs'
- Tng ±ka ±fkkafka fldfyduo @
- Tng isf;kafka fldfyduo @
- Tng fldfyduo @
hkd§ jYfhka Tyqf.a$wehf.a woyia ±k .ekSug Tn wdrïNhla
Èh hq;=h'
89
widudkH ffcj ,CIK .; hq;= l%shdud¾.
3' uqyf
q Ka tla me;a;l - {d;shd jï fyda ol=Kq md¾Yùh
úlD;s ùula fyda ta ia:dms;fhys ;nkak'
iu.u tla mfil w;a
md wl%Sh ùu'
4' yÈisfhau wisyù
s u - Yajikh lrkafka±hs ksÍCIKh
^wù{dksl ùu& lrkak' Wvqne,s w;g ksod isáh§ Èj
.s,Sf.dia yqiau .ekSu wjysr úh
yelsh' tfia ù we;skï me;,s
yekaolska Èj bÈßhg weo {d;shd
myiq ia:dms;hl ;nkak' ol=Kq fyda
jï md¾Yùh ia:dms;h jvd;a iqÿiqhs'
5' uqyf
q Ka bÈóula - ;on, wid;añl;djhla úh yelshs'
iu. Yajik wmyiqjla tksid mjqf,a ffjoHjrhd wu;kak'
^wudrefjka yqiau iqjießh 1990 wu;kak'
.ekSu&
90
oyy;r jk mßÉfþoh
91
fyda lsßj,g ñY% lr fkdÈh hq;=h' tfia l<fyd;a T!IOfha .=Kh
úkdY jk fyhsk's
Èhr jYfhka T!IO §fï§" T!IOh wvx.= fnda;,h fyd¢ka
fid,jd" T!IOh fyd¢ka ñY% ùug ie,eiaúh hq;=h' bkamiqj"
T!IO Èhrh ñKqï l=i,dkhlg .; hq;= jkafka" kshu lr we;s
ud;%dj wkqjh' fndfyda úg fuu ñKqï l=i,dk ^measurment cup&
fnda;,h nyd we;s fmÜáh ;=< we;'&
92
myf<diajk mßÉfþoh
93
f,a .e,Sfï fõ.h wvq lsÍu i|yd" ;=jd< jQ fldgi Tyqf.a yDoh
uÜgug by<ska jk fia Tijd ;eîu b;d jeo.;ah'
ffjoHjrhd fj; f.k hk f;la fyda ffjoHjrhd meñfKk f;la
;=jd< jQ fldgi Tijd ;nd .ekSug" {d;shdg iydh úh hq;=h'
ffjoHjrhd úiska ;=jd<hg m%;sldr ,ndÿka miq" ;=jd<h wdidokh
fkdjk f,i wdrCId lr .; hq;=h' ffjoH idhkhl§ ;=jd<h
mú;% lr ieryqula ^dressing& fhÈh hq;= w;r uqLfhka .ekSu
i|yd ^tkï îug& m%;Ô s jl T!IO Èh hq;=h' tu T!IO kshñ;
mßÈ" kshñ; fõ,djg" {d;shdg ,nd§u Tn úiska l< hq;= fõ' óg
wu;rj Tn" ;=jd<h jQ fmfoi yd ;=jd,h ms<sn| mÍCIdfjka
isáh hq;=h' {d;shd fia§fï§" tu fldgi fkdf;fuk mßÈ th
l< hq;= w;r fjk;a fohl fkd.efgk mßÈ wdrCId lr .;
hq;=h' ffjoHjrhd Wmfoia § we;s mßÈ lghq;= lrkak' ;=jd<h
iqj jk ;=re ieryqu wdrCId lr.; hq;=h' iuyr úg kej; jrla
mÍCId lr m%;sldr lsÍug ffjoHjrhd fj; f.k taug kshu
lrkq we;' ke;fyd;a ksjfia§u ieryqu udre lrk wdldrh
ms<sn| Wmfoia fokq we;'
tu ksid" Tfí ksjfia ;sfnk m%:udOdr fmÜáfhys" ;=jd<hlg
ieryqula ±óug fyda ;sfnk ieryqula bj;a lr w¨;a ieryqula
fh§u i|yd my; i|yka oE ;sìh hq;=h'
- f.daia ^lmd ilia l<&"
- lmq mq¿ka ^rjqï lr.;a&"
- iul ,djKsl ødjKh ^normal saline&"
- ma,diag¾"
- nekafâÊ ^fj¿ï má&"
- f*dafima w`vqjla ^ veys w`vqjla &"
- l;=rla'
94
fyda uola fld< meye;s Èhr .,hs kï" ;=jd<h wjg iu WKqiï
kï" fõokdj ±fkk nj mjihs kï" ta ish,a, u.ska fmkajkafka
;=jd<h wdidokh jk njhs' tksid" jydu l< hq;af;a {d;shdj
ffjoHjrhd fj; f.k hduhs' by; i|yka l< frda. ,laIK
lsisjla ke;akï iy ffjoHjrhd Wmfoia ÿka wdldrhg ieryqï
fhdod Èk 2g miq ;=jd<fha ieryqï udre l< hq;=h'
95
,djksl Èhr ^Normal Saline& iaj,amhla ieryqu u;=msgg fh§fuka
ieryqu myiqfjka bj;a l< yelsh' fufia bj;a lsÍfï§ f*dfima
^forcep& wvqjla Ndú;d lrkak'
bj;a lrkq ,nk fj¿ïmá iy ma,diag¾ fukau ;=jd<h msßisÿ
lrk mq¿ka fnda, ^cotton swabs& iy f.daia len,s wdÈh miqj
mq¿iaid ±óu i|yd lvodis nE.hla ;=<g rejkak'
;=jd<hg fhdod ;snq ieryqï bj;a lsÍfuka miqj" ;=jd<fha ;;ajh
fyd¢ka ksÍCIKh lrkak' ;=jd<h fldmuK ÿrg iqj fjuska
mj;So hkak n,kak' fkdtfia kï ly meyehg fyda fld< meyeh
.;a ierj mj;So" ;=jd<h jvd r;= meye ù bÈó ;sfío hkak
ksÍCIKh lrkak' tfia mj;S kï iy ;=jd<h fõokd iys; kï
tu ,CIK j,ska fmkajkafka ;=jd<h wdidokh ù we;s njhs'
tfia ;=jd<h mÍCId lsÍfuka wk;=rej" ;=jd<h msßisÿ l< hq;=h'
ta i|yd iul ,djKsl Èhrfhka ^Normal saline& f;uQ f.daia
lene,a,la u.ska ;=jd<h we;=,; isg msg;g msßisÿ lrkak
^msiskak&' bkamiq ;=jd<h jgd úh,s f.daia lene,a,lska msi msßisÿ
lrkak'
Tn me<| isák w;ajeiqu bj;a lr" w¿;a w;ajeiqula ye|.;
hq;=h' ta i|yd Tn f*dafima w`vqjl ^veys w`vqjl& r|jd .;a
fia,hska Èhrfhka f;uk ,o f.daia fyda mq¿ka fnda,hla u.ska
;=jd,fha we;=<; isg msg;g msi msßisÿ lrkak'
tfia ;=jd<h msßisÿ
lsÍfuka miqj ;=jd<hg
w¿;a ieryqula fhÈh
hq;=h' ta i|yd fkdf;uQ
úh,s f.daia len,s
lsyms hla ;=jd<h u;
;nd fj¿ï máhlska fyda
ma,diag¾ u.ska ;=jd,h
fj,kak'
96
oyih jk mßÉfþoh
97
.ekSug lghq;= l< hq;=h' mj;akd ;;ajh ms<sn| Tjqka ±kqj;a
lr" l< hq;= foa ms<sn|j Tjqka iu. idlÉPd l< hq;=fõ' mjqf,a
ffjoHjrhd f.kajd f.k" {d;shdf.a ;;ajh ms<sn| mÍCId lrjd
.ekSu;a" ffjoH Wmfoia wkqj wjYH mshjrhka .ekSu;a l< hq;=h'
tfiau" {d;sjrhdf.a bvlvï we;=¿ wfkl=;a ksYp a , yd pxp,
foam< ms<sn| Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a wka;su leue;a; m%ldY fï
jk;=re;a igyka lr fkdue;s kï" mjqf,a kS;s{hd u.ska ta ms<sn|
kS;suh lghq;= bgq lr .ekSu mjqf,a wfkl=;a whf.a tl`.;ajfhka
l< hq;=h'
98
99