8TH May 2020

4WH Analysis
Arpita Sharma Classes
Q1. Critically analyse the gaps in the occupational health and safety that have led to
failure in catering for the amount of industrial development that has occurred in
India.(250 words)

Present a critical examination of the gaps in the occupational health and safety that have led to
failure in catering for the amount of industrial development that has occurred in India.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:
In short highlight the context of the question.
Body:
Start by explaining what you understand by occupational health and safety. An occupational hazard is
a hazard experienced in the workplace. Occupational hazards can encompass many types of hazards, including chemical
hazards, biological hazards (biohazards), psychosocial hazards, and physical hazards. Chemical hazards are a subtype of
occupational hazards that involve dangerous chemicals. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or
long-term detrimental health effects. There are many classifications of hazardous chemicals, including neurotoxins,
immune agents, dermatologic agents, carcinogens, reproductive toxins, systemic toxins, asthmagens, pneumoconiotic
agents, and sensitizers. Then discuss the gaps in the existing policies dedicated to handle these hazards.
Conclusion:
Conclude with suggestions and solutions.
 Page 1 . GS3

What to study?

• NEWS ?
• What is styrene ?
• What are the symptoms?

1. A gas leak, reminiscent of the 1984 Bhopal tragedy, has affected thousands of
residents in five villages in Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh.
WHAT ?
2. The source of the leak was a styrene plant owned by South Korean electronics
giant LG, located at RRV Puram near Gopalapatnam, about 15 kms from the coast
city.
 Page 1 . GS3

What to study?

• NEWS ?
• What is styrene ?
• What are the symptoms?

• It is a flammable liquid that is used in the manufacturing of

Styrene ? polystyrene plastics, fiberglass, rubber, and latex.
• It is also found in vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, and in
natural foods like fruits and vegetables.
 Page 1 . GS3

What to study?

• NEWS ?
• What is styrene ?
• What are the symptoms?

A. Short-term exposure to the substance can result in

respiratory problems, irritation in the eyes, irritation in the
What happens mucous membrane, and gastrointestinal issues.
when exposed to B. Long-term exposure could drastically affect the central
styrene? nervous system and lead to other related problems like
peripheral neuropathy. It could also lead to cancer and
depression in some cases.
 Page 1 . GS3

What to study?

• NEWS ?
• What is styrene ?
• What are the symptoms?

A. Symptoms include headache, hearing loss, fatigue,

weakness, difficulty in concentrating etc.
What are the B. Animal studies, according to the EPA, have reported
symptoms? effects on the CNS, liver, kidney, and eye and nasal
irritation from inhalation exposure to styrene.
Pg4 , GS2
Former Finance
Secretary advocates
bottom-up approach
What ?
In a written interview to The Hindu, Dr.
Mayaram says the Centre should not issue
detailed guidelines for the entire country.
What is bottom-up approach?

o The bottom-up approach means that local actors participate in

decision-making about the strategy and in the selection of the
priorities to be pursued in their local area.
o The bottom-up approach should not be considered as alternative or
opposed to top-down approaches from national authorities.
o Rather, it should be considered as combining and interacting with them,
in order to achieve better results.

Former Union Finance Secretary Arvind Mayaram, who is now

Economic Advisor to the Rajasthan Chief Minister, heads a task
force for suggesting appropriate measures on restarting the
economy in the State to mitigate the COVID-19 aftermath
Pg4 , GS2

Former Finance
Secretary advocates
bottom-up approach

How will the most vulnerable sections of the society be able to get back their
livelihood?
• The first step has already been taken by the State government by ramping up
the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. Works
have started all over the State and the number of persons reporting for work is
touching 12 lakh per day.
• These are returning migrants, landless labourers, small and marginal farmers,
artisans and even small shopkeepers. Rajasthan has been the perhaps the first
State to ramp up MGNREGA works so quickly.
• Work at MGNREGA sites puts money in the hands of the poor and it is expected
that the consumption cycle would slowly start from the bottom of the pyramid.
Resumption of manufacturing and services would also provide employment.
• The process would be slow but hopefully steady. However, areas under the red
and the orange categories would be much slower.
Page 5 GS3 WHO End TB Strategy
1. The strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to
reduce TB deaths by 95% and to cut new cases by 90% between
2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened with
catastrophic expenses due to TB.
2. It sets interim milestones for 2020, 2025, and 2030.

What is Tuberculosis (TB)?

Tuberculosis (TB) is generally defined as a dangerous bacterial infectious disease
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most often affects the lungs and later
might spread to different parts of the body.
Types of Tuberculosis (TB)
1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
2. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.
Page 5 GS3 WHO End TB Strategy
1. The strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to
reduce TB deaths by 95% and to cut new cases by 90% between
2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened with
catastrophic expenses due to TB.
2. It sets interim milestones for 2020, 2025, and 2030.
Page 5 GS3 WHO End TB Strategy
1. The strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to
reduce TB deaths by 95% and to cut new cases by 90% between
2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened with
catastrophic expenses due to TB.
2. It sets interim milestones for 2020, 2025, and 2030.
Page 5 GS3 WHO End TB Strategy
1. The strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to
reduce TB deaths by 95% and to cut new cases by 90% between
2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened with
catastrophic expenses due to TB.
2. It sets interim milestones for 2020, 2025, and 2030.
Page 5 GS3

What ?

1. ‘Vande Bharat Mission’ will see the operation of

64 flights from May 7 to May 13 to bring back
around 15,000 Indian nationals stranded abroad.
2. Once completed, it may turn out to be the largest
evacuation operation ever since the 1990 airlift of
1.7 lakh people from Kuwait.
3. Approximately, 2,000 people from abroad will fly
back to India daily.
Page 5 GS3

What is Indian Navy’s ‘Operation Samudra Setu’?

a) The Indian Navy launched ‘Operation Samudra Setu’

(Sea Bridge) as a part of national effort to repatriate
Indian citizens from overseas.
b) Indian Naval Ships Jalashwa and Magar are presently
enroute to the port of Malè, Republic of Maldives to
commence evacuation operations from 08 May 2020
as part of Phase-1.
c) INS Jalashwa is the largest amphibious platform in the
Navy and is based at the Eastern Naval Command
headquarters in Visakhapatnam.
d) It can normally accommodate 1,000 people but will
take about 800.
Pg 6 GS2

What : As we are now in the seventh

week of the lockdown, it is imperative
and timely that we assess its
underlying legislative soundness.
Q. There is a
need to enact a
comprehensive
and well planned
Covid-19 law .
Discuss . ( 250
words)
Self Read
Self Analytical in
nature
 What is MCLR ?
Page8 GS3
❖ The marginal cost of funds-based lending rate (MCLR) is the minimum
interest rate that a bank can lend at.
❖ MCLR is determined internally by the bank depending on the period left
for the repayment of a loan.
❖ The RBI introduced the MCLR methodology for fixing interest rates from
1 April 2016. It replaced the base rate structure, which had been in place
since July 2010.
❖ It is calculated based on four components:
1. The marginal cost of funds is the cost which one has to bear to raise
new (incremental) fund. Suppose I have funds of average interest rate
of 10% per annum. I raise some new fund bearing interest rate of 8%
per annum then marginal cost of my fund is 8%.
2. The tenor premium is not borrower-specific and is uniform for all types
of loans.
3. Operational expenses include the cost of raising funds, barring the
costs recovered separately through service charges. It is, therefore,
connected to providing the loan product as such.
4. Negative carry on the CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio) takes place when
the return on the CRR balance is zero. Negative carry arises when the
actual return is less than the cost of the funds. This will impact the
mandatory Statutory Liquidity Ratio Balance (SLR) – reserve every
commercial bank must maintain.
Page8 GS3

How is MCLR different from Base Rate?

a) MCLR is an improved version of the base rate. It is a

risk-based approach to determine the final lending rate
for borrowers. It considers unique factors like the
marginal cost of funds instead of the overall cost of
funds. The marginal cost takes into account the repo
rate, which did not form part of the base rate.
b) When calculating the MCLR, banks are required to
incorporate all kinds of interest rates which they incur
in mobilizing the funds. Earlier, the loan tenure was not
taken into account when determining the base rate. In
the case of MCLR, the banks are now required to
include a tenor premium. This will allow banks to
charge a higher rate of interest for loans with long-term
horizons.
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following are non-tax revenues sources of the government?
1. Interest receipts
2. Dividends and profits
3. Petroleum license
4. Power supply fees
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 3,4
b) 1,3,4
c) 1,2
d) 1,2,3,4
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q1. Which of the following are non-tax revenues sources of the government?
1. Interest receipts
2. Dividends and profits
3. Petroleum license
4. Power supply fees
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 3,4
b) 1,3,4
c) 1,2
d) 1,2,3,4
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q2. Consider the following statements with reference to Union Budget-

2020-21:
1. The estimated fiscal deficit for 2020-21 is 3.5% of GDP.
2. The estimated revenue deficit for 2020-21 is 2.7% of GDP.
3. The estimated primary deficit for 2020-21 is 0.4% of GDP.
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1,2
c) All of above
d) None of above
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q2. Consider the following statements with reference to Union Budget-

2020-21:
1. The estimated fiscal deficit for 2020-21 is 3.5% of GDP.
2. The estimated revenue deficit for 2020-21 is 2.7% of GDP.
3. The estimated primary deficit for 2020-21 is 0.4% of GDP.
Which of the given above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1,2
c) All of above
d) None of above
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q3. As per the Union Budget 2020-21, which of the following is the biggest
GOIs revenue source?
a) Borrowings and other liabilities
b) Corporation Tax
c) GST and Other taxes
d) Non Tax revenue
 Prelims Practice
MCQs

• Q3. As per the Union Budget

2020-21, which of the
following is the biggest GOIs
revenue source?
• Borrowings and other
liabilities
• Corporation Tax
• GST and Other taxes
• Non Tax revenue
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q4. For the first time in India, the ‘Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana’
campaign has been launched by
a) Niti Aayog
b) PM-STIAC
c) Department of Pharmaceuticals
d) Indian Council of Medical Research
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q4. For the first time in India, the ‘Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana’
campaign has been launched by
a) Niti Aayog
b) PM-STIAC
c) Department of Pharmaceuticals
d) Indian Council of Medical Research
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q5. Recently which of the following has published a report named UN the
“Lost at Home” report?
a) UNDP
b) UNEP
c) UNESCO
d) UNICEF
 Prelims Practice MCQs

Q5. Recently which of the following has published a report named UN the
“Lost at Home” report?
a) UNDP
b) UNEP
c) UNESCO
d) UNICEF