1.

(a)
Leaf number Leaf area / mm2 Total indentation depth / mm
12 173 23
4 184 19
11 193 20
7 194 33
10 198 34
6 211 31
8 213 28
3 245 44
1 271 42
5 277 40
9 278 36
2 306 54

[shaded column optional]

1. Neat table correctly formatted;
2. Correct rows and columns with units;
3. Leaf area ranked(ascending or descending);
4. All totals correct; 4
(b) A (correctly orientated) and labelled axes with units;
S Scale correct and suitable size (more than ½ graph paper);
P Plotted points correct;
F Format correct scatter graph without line or if line drawn
must be good line of best fit; 4
(c) Correct substitution or stage in calculation -
1 – (6 × 44)  (123 - 12) OR 1 – (264  1716);
Correct answer is 0.85 / 0.846 2
(d) There is a significant positive correlation between leaf area and
degree of indentation; 1
[11]

W2 Jan 2006 MS 1
2. (a) Estimating squirrel population
1. Traps laid in wood in random manner described;
2. Reference to humane treatment of squirrels / unharmed by traps / marking
inconspicuous / eq;
3. How captured squirrels marked / non-toxic dye / shave off patch of fur / eq;
4. Marked animals counted and released;
5. Traps inspected again after suitable time (1-2 days);
6. Number marked and unmarked counted;
7. Details of calculation:
no. marked 1st sample  total trapped in 2nd sample ;
N
no. marked in 2 nd sample
[accept from part(b)]
Estimating acorn numbers
8. Use of quadrats of stated size (0.5 m > 1.0 m);
9. Number of measurements (minimum 10);
10. Method of randomisation described (not thrown);
11. Numbers of acorns in each quadrat counted;
12. Counts repeated at exactly the same time of year (not just Autumn); 10
Style Account is concise and well-organised, there is good use of
technical vocabulary and almost no spelling errors -2 marks
There is some lack of organisation, limited vocabulary and a
number of spelling errors –1 mark
The account lacks organisation, there is little or no technical
vocabulary and many spelling errors – 0 marks 2
(b) 1. Table with organisation for all raw data with units;
2. Reference to calculation of mean acorn count;
3. Suitable graphical format (scatter or line of best fit) with
correctly orientated axes;
4. Use of (named) correlation test;
[details of Lincoln Index calculation to be credited in plan] 4

W2 Jan 2006 MS 2
 (c) Limitations
1. Squirrels eat other foods than acorns / other animals eat acorns;
2. Reference to one limitation of Lincoln Index method(assumes
random mixing of population / marking may affect individuals / eq);
3. Other named factor may affect population size (e.g. harsh
winter / predators immigration / emigration);
4. Acorns may not be randomly spread / oak trees may be
concentrated in one area / eq;
Further work
5. Estimate abundance of other possible food supplies;
6. Check age profile of squirrels;
7. Investigate areas where red and grey squirrels are present;
8. Investigate variations in acorn abundance throughout the year; 5
[21]

W2 Jan 2006 MS 3