Division of Masbate

RONDINA ATENDIDO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Nabangig, Palanas, Masbate
Learning Activity Sheet
Science 10
Chromosomal Mutation

Introduction:

When you copy from the blackboard,

sometimes you make mistakes. In the similar way,
mistakes may occur when DNA is replicated. The change
in the DNA sequence is called Mutation. These may
delete such protein or change its structure.

Are you curious about what and how do these

changes in DNA sequence affect organisms? Get ready Figure 1
to feed your curiosity and seek answer to your questions
as you hop on and accomplish the tasks ahead.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and functions of protein.
Objectives:
1. Identify the different types of chromosome mutations.
2. Differentiate gene mutations and chromosome mutations.
3. Explain how chromosome mutation leads to disorders.

Review on Chromosome, Gene and DNA

A gene is the basic physical and functional
unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some
genes act as instructions to make molecules called
proteins (refer to Figure 2). However, many genes do
not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size
from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2
million bases.
An international research effort called the
Human Genome Project, which worked to
determine the sequence of the human genome and
identify the genes that it contains, estimated that
humans have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.
Figure 2
Guide questions A:
1. What particular part of the cell can we find chromosomes? ___________________________
2. Which do you think is bigger DNA or Gene? ______________ Why? ____________________
3. True or False. “Gene is just part of the chromosome.” ______________
4. Identify the four nitrogenous base of DNA. Hint: “Adenine or A is one of the four”. _____________
Activity 1: I Deserve an Explanation!
Direction: Explain the different types of chromosomal mutation, write the missing word; use the (figure 3)
below as your reference. Write your answer in your answer sheet.

Guide questions A:
1. Duplications – part of chromosome is _____________, resulting in duplicate sections
(potentially increases gene expression)
2. Deletions – a portion of the chromosome
is __________ (along with any genes
contained within this segment)
3. Inversions – a segment of a chromosome
is removed and then _________ within
the chromosome in reverse order
4. Translocations – segments of two
chromosomes are __________ (may Figure 3
interrupt gene sequences)
Correct copy Mutated copy Mutated copy
Correct copy Mutated copy Correct copy

Choose here: Removed Exchange Replace Copied

Gene Mutation

Guide Questions B: Figure 4

1. Complete the mRNA sequence in the normal column of (figure 4).
UUU UAC GAA ___
2. Complete the mRNA sequence in the insertion column (figure 4)
UUU ___ GGA AGA
3. Complete the mRNA sequence in the substitution column (figure 4).
___ ___ AAA GAG
4. Complete the mRNA sequence in the deletion column (figure 4).
UUU ___ ___ ___
5. In fig. 4. What changes occur from normal to substitution?
________________________________________________________
6. In fig. 4. What changes occur from normal to insertion?
________________________________________________________
 7. In fig. 4. What changes occur from normal to insertion?
________________________________________________________
8. In fig. 4. What changes occur from normal to deletion?
________________________________________________________
9. If mRNA changed, what do you think happens to amino acid?
________________________________________________________
10. How many amino acid changes from normal to substitution?
________________________________________________________
11. How many amino acid changes from normal to insertion?
________________________________________________________
12. How many amino acid changes from normal to deletion?
________________________________________________________
13. Explain gene mutation.
________________________________________________________

Concept
A gene mutation (refer to figure 5) is a permanent change in the
DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations can occur in a single base pair or
in a large segment of a chromosome and even span
multiple genes. Mutations can result from endogenous (occurring
during DNA replication) or exogenous (environmental) factors. Figure 5

A chromosome mutation (refer to figure 6) is an unpredictable

change that occurs in a chromosome. These changes are most
often brought on by problems that occur during meiosis (division
process of gametes) or by mutagens (chemicals, radiation, etc.).

Figure 6

Abnormalities in chromosomal structure may

occur during meiosis. The normal process of crossing-over
and recombination may be affected, such that
chromosomes break and reunite the wrong segments
(refer to figure 7). If there is a loss or gain of chromosomal
material, there can be significant clinical consequences.
Changes that affect the structure of
chromosomes can cause problems with growth,
development, and function of the body’s systems. These
changes can affect many genes along the chromosome
and disrupt the proteins made from these genes. Figure 7
Structural changes can occur during the formation of egg or sperm cells in fetal development, or in
any cell after birth. Pieces of DNA can be rearranged within one chromosome or transferred between two
or more chromosomes.
The effects of structural changes depend on their size and location, and whether any genetic
material is gained or lost. Some changes cause medical problems, while others may have no effect on a
person’s health. The gain or loss of chromosome material can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. Human

examples are the following on the next page:

 Figure 8 Figure 9

Figure 11

Figure 10

Figure 11 Figure 12
Klinefelters’ Turner’s
Syndrome Syndrome

Activity 2: What Am I?
Direction: Identify the genetic disorder being described in each number by arranging the scrambled letters.
Write your answer in the answer sheet.
EWDARSD YDNSOREM
This is a trisomy of chromosome 18
_________ ___________
UTRENRS YDNSOREM
These are identified with chromosome X instead of XX or XY.
_________ ___________
SRETKLNEIFLE YDNSOREM
These are identified with chromosome XXY.
___________ __________
IRC UD HTAC This is caused by the deletion of part of the short arm of
___ ___ _____ chromosome 5.
WNSOD YDNSOREM This is usually caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy
_______ ___________ 21)
SENCOJAB YDNSOREM
This is also called terminal 11q deletion disorder
__________ ___________
Application
Direction: Answer the following questions; write your answer in the answer sheet.
1. Why do you think abnormalities (physical/mental) happen when there is a single change in the DNA
sequence?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. How can we prevent those abnormalities caused by mutations?
________________________________________________________________

Science 10
Answer Sheet - Week 4.1
Name: _______________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: _________________________________ Quarter 3 - Week 4.1

Activity 1: I Deserve an Explanation!

Guide questions A:
1. ______________________ 3. ______________________
2. ______________________ 4. ______________________

Guide questions B:
1. ___________ 3. ___________
2. ___________ 4. ___________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________________________________
11. _____________________________________________________________________
12. _____________________________________________________________________
13. _____________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Where Do I Belong?

EWDARSD YDNSOREM
This is a trisomy of chromosome 18
_________ ___________
UTRENRS YDNSOREM These are identified with chromosome X instead of XX or
_________ ___________ XY.
SRETKLNEIFLE YDNSOREM
These are identified with chromosome XXY.
___________ __________
IRC UD HTAC This is caused by the deletion of part of the short arm of
___ ___ _____ chromosome 5.
WNSOD YDNSOREM This is usually caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
_______ ___________ (trisomy 21)
SENCOJAB YDNSOREM
__________ ___________ This is also called terminal 11q deletion disorder

Application

1. _______________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

Prepared by:
SIR PAPS