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Viscosity Notes
Viscosity Notes
Viscosity Notes
1. Viscosity
2. GCSE definition – “Resistance to flow”
- “Backwards definition”
- Inadequate (qualitative rather than quantitative)
- Claims it is due to “larger molecules” – why?
3. Viscosity is “a measure of momentum transfer in a fluid”
- Given symbol μ or η, depending if you’re an engineer or a
chemist (IUPAC)
- Units are
- Kinematic viscosity takes into account density (used in momentum equa-
tions and such as the Navier-Stokes equations)
4. Introduction to laminar flow
- Way of modelling fluid flow
- Fluids flow in layers or “lamina” on top of each other
5. More accurate definition of velocity
- “Transfer of momentum” between these layers
in lamina flow
- Modelled by fluid flow between two plates
- Proportional to the area and the plate velocity but
inversely proportional to the distance (separation)
- The coefficient is the viscosity
- Similar to stress and strain in solids (Young’s
Modulus)
- Stress can be thought of as the “internal pres-
sure” of a material
- Strain can be thought of as the “deforma-
tion” of a material
- Caused by attractive force between mole-
cules as well as steric effects (molecules
getting in the way of each other)
- Dinner party analogy used to explain it