J A T A K A T A L ES

SEL E C T ED A N D ED I T ED W I T H I N T RO D U C T I O N
A ND N OT ES

H . T . F R A N C I S, M A . .
,

S O M ET IME FELL OW OF G O NV I LL E A ND C A I US C O LL EG E
H O N O RA R Y U N DER -
L I B RA R I A N , U N I VERS I T Y L I B RA R Y , C A M B R I DG E

A ND

J . T H O M A S, M A . .
,

EM M A N U EL C O LL EG E

C a mb ridg e
at t he U n iv e rsi t y P re ss
 ’
YO RK
‘
h i vv

PUBLIC LI BRARY

AS T OR
, LEN OX A ND
O
T ILDEN F U N DA T I ON S .
 CONTENTS
PA GE

I LLU S TR A TI O N S
I N TR OD U C TI O N
AB B R EV I A TI ON S
TH E L I TTL E G I L DMAS T ER ( GU L LAKAS ETTH I J ATA KA 4) -
I
,

A y g m p i c k p
ou nd d m se w hic h h
an se ll s d w k s p his s u a ea ou e ,
an or u

c pit l t ill he b e mes ich

a a co r .

TH E K I N G A ND TH E S T I C K GA T H E R E R ( K ATTH AH ARI J ATAKA 7 ) - -

,

A ki g ef es t o e g ise hi
n rby ch c m ; t he m t he
us r co n s son a an e a ou r o r

t h ow s t h chil d i t t he i
r p yi g t h t if h b
e t t h ki g
n o he a r, ra n a ,
e e no e n s son ,

m y b e kill d b y hi f ll Th ch il d
a et i mid i d t h ki g
s cg i
a . e re s s n -
a r, a n e n re o n se s

him as his son .

K ING M AKH AD EV A S
’
G R E Y H A I RS (MAKH AD EVA -
J AT AKA , 9)
A kin g fi ,
n di n g a g re y h i i hi he d
a r n c hi s a ,
re n ou n es s t hron e t o pre pa re
as a he rmit for de a t h . H e is re -
b orn as a ki n g a n d a g a in e b co mes a h er mit .

TH E C O D L HALF OF T HE M O N T H (mAL U T A -
J AT AKA ,
1 7)
A t ig e r a n d a li on dispu t e whe t he r it is t he da rk or t he light h lf a of t he
mon t hwhi his c c ol d .

TH E F EA S T FOR T H E D EA D (MATAKAB HATTA J ATAKA -

A g oa t , whi hwas t o b e sa r e c c ific d b y b hmi h w ig a ra n, s e s s n s of g re a t joy

a n d of g re a t s orrow I t e x l a in s t he . p re as on for e ach e mot ion .

TH E M O N KE Y S AND TH E
Thirst y mon k e ys c ome t o p ool h a im t é l by
’ ’

g
o
,

mira cu l ous l y b lows kn ot s ou t of c a n e s wi t h which

,

h
t irst .

TH E G U I LT Y
G S (KU KKU EA J H AKA DO -

C i g t p h vi g b e
a rr a -

g awe d é
e s ra b y p l ce d g
s ki g d
a ll
n en n a a o s, a n or e rs a
t h d g t b kill d Th 1 d r f a p a c k of d g v l th t th by '
’ ’
o er o s o e e . e e o o s re ea s e ru
c iga us n m t ic t b ppli
an e t t he e y l d g o e a o ro a o s .

TH E D I S C O N T E N T E D o x ( M U NI K A J ATAKA 3 0 ) -
,

A y g ei g oun l z y pig b i g f t t
ox , d i di c t t d wit h hi
se n a a e n a en e ,
s s on en e s
h rd f
a A th a re e pl i
. t h t t h pig i b i g f t t
no e r ox dt b t x a ns a e s e n a ene o e e a e n,
an d t h di c t t d e cc pt hi p it i
s on e n e ox a e s s os on .

I P 511 c i p
1 n c d ch i ch ch kh t h t
s i i kh
ron ou n p th k e as n ur e c a s n n orn , o oo t , t h,
c d wit h t h t ip f t h t g f t h b c k i t h m t h t h
.
, ,

1 db
( , p ,
n a re ron ou n e e o e on ue ur er a n e on an t, etc ;
i b t ; th v w l i It li
.

a as u n u o er o e s as n a an .
vi CONTENT S

WO O I N G ( 32)
’
T H E PEAOOOK S N A ccA J ATA x A ,

h
The da u g t e r of t he G ol de n Ma l a rd, in g of b irds, l k ch oos e s t he pe a coc k
for he r hu s b a n d I n da n in g for joy t he pe a o
. ex c c ck pose s hims e l f and is
jc
re e t e d

T H E F OW LER A ND TH E Q U A I L S (S A MMO DAMANA

-
J AT AKA 3 3 ) ,

Q il c
ua s a ug ht i h th t
n a n e t ri se u p in a b ody wi t e ne an d c pe e v r l
es a s e a
t im esAft. t im t h y q er a l d c ght e e u a rre an a re au .

TH E O L D E S T OF TH E A N I M A L S (TI TTI RA J ATAKA 3 7 )

b y t h l d t of
,

A p t i dg m k y
ar r d l ph t d c id t
e, a on e ,
an an e e an e e o o e e e es
th me T p v
. oi ity a ch g iv hi
ro e se n or li t c ll t i e es s e ar es re o ec on .

T H E C R A N E A ND T H E C R A B ( B Ax A J AT AKA 3 8 ) -

A c p t di g t h t h w
ra n e , t ki g t h m t
re e n b ig l k d v r ll
n a e as a n e o a a e, e ou s a
th fi h f p d
e s oA wi a c b ip t h b i d h d ff
on . se ra n s e r
’
s ea o .

T HE H A U G H T Y S L A V E (N A N D A J ATAKA 3 9 ) -
,

A l v m d t t ll wh
s a e 18 hi m t
a f th
e h d b i d hi h d
o e e re s a s e rs
’
a er a ur e s oa r .

T H E P I GE O N AN D TH E C R O W ( KA P OT A J ATAKA -

ki t ch wit h g dy c w w h ich t t ck t h
,

pig l iv i e on es n a en a re e ro , a a s e
vict l I t t ort e d t o d t hb y t he c k d t h pig fl i w y
ua s . Is ur ea oo , an e e on es a a .

T H E F OOL I S H F R I E N D ( MA x A S A J ATAKA 4 4 ) -

A m q it ttl m h d T kil l it hi f li h t ik th
’
os u o se e s on a an s ea . o s oo s s on s r es e
m an sh d wi t h
’
ea d kil l him an ax e an s .

T H E S T U P I D M O N KE Y S (AR AMA D US A K A J ATAKA ,

M k y mpl y d t w t
on e s e pl c p ll p th t
o e t j dg
o a er a e a sa u n e u u e ree s o u e
b y th z f t h t h w m ch w t t giv Th t
e si e o e roo s di o u a er o e . e re es e .

TH E R O B B E R S A ND TH E T R EAS UR E ( VEDAB B H A J ATAKA 4 8 ) -

,

C pt ad by bb
u re b h mi m k t
ro i f m t h ky
e rs a ra n a es re a su re ra n ro e s ,

d b
on d kill him b c an he c n ot e pe t : t h mi l
s M t le a u se a n
‘
r a e rac e u ua
l y t w I Ob E wi t ht he ma ure O
.

l g ht l v pi t he t h
‘
’ e ’
s au er ea e s on o O Is s ne o son s o e rs
f d
oo d h im lf l i b y hi s fel l w
an Is se s a n o .

G R EAT K I N G G OOD N ES S ( MAHAS IL AVA J ETA KA 5 1 )

A g d ki g m t oo vil wit hg d R f i g t fi g ht h c pt d d
n ee s e oo . e us n o e 18 a u re an
b i d li v
ur e ach l g r e He capes ;t h 3 k l c t
e In a a rn e mpi f
-
ov es e a c a s, a s as u re or
og re s, a n d re ga in s hi s kin g dom .

P RINC E E WEA P ON S ( P ANC AVUD H A J ATAKA 5 5)

FIV -
,

P i c Fiv w p
rn fig h t wit h t h gr H i y g ip
e e -
ea on s s e o e a r -
r , and t h ou g h
d f t d
e ea e bd hi m t h sugh f l ues rou e a r e ssn e ss .

T H E B R A H MI N s S P E LL (A NDA B H U TA J AT AKA 6 2)
’
-

A gi l i b d p m g w mr s l y wi t h t v
re u i g a on o en on ,
ou e e r se e n an y ma n b u t
h h b d H
er us i c c g iv hi m l ck i g mi g Th
an . er nno en e es u n a n . e s t ory of her
i t ig
n r wit h l v
ue d f h t ic k t t h
a d l t t t h i
o er an o er r a e or e a o es er nno en c c e .
 CONTENT S vii
P AG E

TH E V A LU E OF A B _
R OTH E R (U C C HANG A -
J AT AKA , 67 )
A woma n s hus b a n d, son , a n d b rot he r a re on de mn e d t o de a t h
’
c . S he
c v
hoose s a n d sa e s he r b rot he r, a n d g i e s he r re a s on v .

THE G R A T E F UL A N I MA L S ( S AC CAMKI RA J ATAKA 7 3 ) -

,

The i g r t it d nf p i c a d t he g t it d
u f e o ke r t d p rr t
a rn e, an ra u e o a sn a ,
a ,
an a o .

TH E G R EA T D R EA M S ( M AH AS U P I N A J AT AKA 7 7 ) -
,

A ki g d e m n i t d mr a d t h b h mi s y he m t off
s x e en re a s, an e ra ns sa us er
sa c i fic t v t t h vi l H i q
r es o a dvi
er him t c e e l t B ddh wh
. s u een a se s o on su u a o
s h w t h t t h vil will t b e i t h ki g t im
e s a e e no n e n
’
s e .

TH E C O N V E R T E D M I S E R ( I L L I S A J ATAKA 78) -
,

A mi i c d b y hi f t h r pp
se r s i gu ree th d di t rib t i g t he
s a er ea ear n on ar an s u n
s on s w l t hi t he
’
ea ct e mb l ce f t he
n ex a s an o s on .

T H E V A L I A N T D WA R F ( B H I MAS ENA J AT AKA 80 ) -

A dw f m ke arlli c wit h hg w v
a wh g e t t he c e dit of t he
s an a an e a u e ea e r, o s r
dw f ar s achi v m t
’
t il hi c w dic i di c v
e e d
e n s, u n s o ar e s s o e re .

T H E S TO L E N J E WE L S ( M A H As ARA J AT AKA 9 2 ) -
,

A q j wl ue en s t l
’
d ve r l i c t p e
e e s a re c f to t h
s o e n, a n se a nno en rson s on e ss e
t h ft
e M k y
. e p onv d t b e t he l c l p it
e s ar d th j w l
ro e e o re a u r s, an e e e s ar
r c v
e d
o e re .

TH E TOO C L E V E R M E R C H A N T ( KUTAv AN I J A J AT AKA 9 8 )

- -
,

A t d t rira t c h t hi p t
er d p t hi f t h
es o i holl w t re
ea s a r n e r, a n u s s a er n a o e
t p k t he t
o s ea p it
as d d c id t h di p t The f t h i b r t
re e s r e an t e e e s u e . a er s u n ou
an d ex p ose d .

TH E LO Q U A C I O U S
~
B RAH M I N ( S ALI TTA K A J AT -
AKA , 10 7 )
A ski lfu l ma rkma n re du e s a c lk v
t a a t i e b ra hmin t o l ce
si e n by fl icki n g
pe lle t s of g oa t
’
s dun g down t he l a t t e rs t h
’
roa t .

TH E T HR EE FI S H E S ( MI TA CI NTI -
J AT AKA , 1 14)
Of t hre e fi he s t wo t hrou ghfoll y a re
s ca ug ht in a n et ; t he t hird a n d Wis e r
fishre s c ues t he m .

TH E LU C K Y S N EE Z E ( A S I L AK KH ANA J ATAKA 1 2 6 ) -
,

Effe c t s of t wo sn e e z e s On e l ost a s word t e st e r his n ose whils t

.
-

, t he ot he r
won a prin c e ss for he r lov e r .

TH E H Y P OC R I T I C A L J A C KA L ( B I L AR A -
J AT AKA ,
1 28)
A j a ck a l , u n de r g ui s e of sa in t li n e s s, e a t s t he ra t s of a t roop wi t hw i h c hh e
c on sort s . His t re a ch e ry is di c v s o e re d a n d a v e n ge d .

TH E G OL D E N G OOS E (S U V ANNA H AMS A J ATAKA 1 3 6 ) -

Th f t h f f mily di
e a di b
er o b i d wi t hg ld pl m g
a a e s, a n s re -
orn a s a r o en u a e .

Fi di g hi f mil y p
n n h g d g iv
s th m
a f th t t im t
oor ll e oe s a n es e a ea er a a e o se .

Th wid w i g
e d p l ck
o ll t h f t h n t d th y g w g i
re e pl iu s a e ea e rs ou ,
an e ro a a n as a n
w hit e on e s .
viii CONTENTS

TH E G R AT E F UL M O U S E ( B A B EU J ATAKA 1 3 7 ) -
,

A m c g ht b y cc iv c t b y t h m ff b y d il y r t i
ou se au su e ss f e a s u s e o a a on s o
m t ea I t p t ct
. s g iv it
ro e c y t l wit hi which it
or d fy t h c t
es a r s a ,
n ca n e e a s .

T H E T R EA C H E R O U S C H AM E L E O N ( G OD H A J AT AKA 1 4 1 ) ,

A ch m l a b tr y
e e on t ib f li z d t
e h ta wh b
s a th m
r t
e o ar s o a u n e r, o u rn s e ou
o f t h i dw lli g
e 1 e n .

T H E C UNN I N G J A C KA L ( S I G AL A J AT AKA 1 42 ) -
,

I d t c t h j ck l
n or e r o m a cp t d t o b d d The j ck l t g
a a a a an re e n s e ea . a a u s
t th m tick d fi d hi g rip t ig h t
’
a e an s s an n s s en .

T H E F O OLH A R D Y J A C KA L ( V I R OC A NA J ATAKA 1 43 ) -
,

A j c k l f ll wi g
a a ,
li i t h ch im g i t h t h
o o n a onkill q y n e as e , a nes a e ca n a ua rr
as w ll e t h li
as H t i t kill
e on . l ph t di c
e h d t d th
res o an e e an , a n s rus e o ea .

T H E FOO L I S H C Rows ( KAKA J AT AKA 1 46 ) -

c w t yt b l t
,

A h c w h vi g b
en ro d w d a th n th ee n ro n e In e se a, o er ro s r o a e ou
t he wit h t h i b k
se a e r ea s .

T HE G R EE D Y J A C KA L C A U G H T ( S I G AL A J ATAKA 1 4 8 ) -
,

Aj k l t s hi w y i t d d l ph t c c dc
’
ac a ea s a t g t
n o a t ea e e an s a r a ss a n anno e ou .

TH E R A S H M AG I C I A N ( S ANJ I V A J ATAKA 1 5 0 ) -

it
,

A y t h wh h l r t t h ch m f
ou , o ast o i g t h d d t lif t i
ea n e ar or re s rn e ea o e, res
on a t ig wi t h f t l
er l t t h im lf
a a re su s o se .

TH E T wo G OOD K I N G S ( RAJ ov AD A J ATAKA 1 5 1 ) -

Tw ki g b t h wi
o n s,dg d m t i
o w w y
se a n d t h i d iv oo ,
ee n a n a rro a ,
an e r r e rs
di p t t wh i t g i v pl c E ch i g hi m t p i ’
s u e as o o s o e i a e . a s n s s as e rs ra se s, on e s

g d t t he g d
oo o d b d t th b d ; th
oo ,
an th py vil wit h g d
a o e a e o e r re a s e oo .

Th fi r t c k wl dg
e s a hi p i
n o d gi v
e ples s su e r or, a n es ac e .

T H E G R A T E F UL E L E P H A N T ( AL I NA C I TT A J AT AKA 1 56 ) -

C p t tr t
a r e n e rs e x th f m th f t f ac l ph t
a dh orn d hi ro e oo o an e e an , an e an s

y ou n g v t h m t f g t it d Th
on e s e r e i ld t th ki g ra o
h t il h t y v t h ki g d m
e g ou o u e . e ou n on e s so e n ,

d t h ki g d t h
’
an on e tn s ea rou s a os e os an( sa es e n o .

T H E P ET E L E P H A N T ( I NDA S AMAN AG OTTA J AT AKA 161) ,

A m k p p t l ph t which t
an ee s a g i t him
e e e d t mpl anhim ,
u rn s a a ns an ra es
t d th
o ea .

T H E M O N G O OS E A ND T H E S N AKE ( N AK UL A J ATAKA 1 6 5) -
,

A m g on d k oose m d f i d b t t il l di t
an sn a te h th
a re a e r en s, u s s ru s e ac o e r,
un t il t h B dhi t t
e c cil t h m
o sa a re on es e .

T H E J A C KA L B ET R A Y E D B Y H I S H OWL ( D AD D A RA J ATAKA 1 7 2 ) -
,
1 43
Aj k l b ac g h t p m g li
a rou i b t y d b y hi t o g
u a on on s s e ra e s n ue .

T H E P E NNY WI S E M O N KE Y ( K A L AY AMU T TH I J ATAKA

-
1 76) -
,

A m k y th w on w y e h df l f p t fi d
ro s a a a an u o e as o n on e .
 CONTENT S
PA GE

TH E I N COMP A R A B L E A R C H E R ( A S ADI S A J ATAKA 1 8 1 ) -

,

A p rin c e is sl a n de re d a n d l e a ve s t he c oun t ry H e p e rforms . fe a t s of

a rch e ry t h e n re t u rn s a n d sa v e s t h
, e kin g ,
.

TH E AG I C TR EA S UR E S (DAD H I v AH ANA J AT AKA 1 8 6)

M -
,

A m b ec m ki g t h g h m g ic r z
an o es e mil k b wl n rou a a a or a x -

,
-
o ,
and dru m .

A t h r ki g p il t h fl v
no e n f hi m g
s o s e a ou r o s an oe s .

TH E As s I N T H E L I O N S S K I N ( S I H A C AMMA J AT AKA
’
-
,

The i t h li ki ’
as s n e on s s n.

TH E P R I E S T I N H O R S E TR A P P I N G S ( RU H AK A J AT AKA - -
,

A wick e d wif fo l h h b d d e d him p a c i g

e o s er us an , an s n s r n n down t he
st re e t in horse t ra -
ppin gs .

IN G R A T I TU D E P UN I S H E D ( C ULL AP AD UMA J AT AKA 1 9 3 ) -

,

A wi c ke d wife t rie s t o mu rde r he r hus b a n d a n d fi n al ly wit hhe r p a ra mou r ,

is b rou g ht for t rial b e fore he r h u sb a n d t h e n b e c ome ki n g , .

TH E G OB L I N C I T Y (V AL AH AS S A J ATAKA -
,
1 9 6)
Shipw ck d m i r c pe f m cit y
re e ar n e s e s a ro a of g ob lin s by a id of a fl yin g
horse .

T HE T E LL TA L E P A RROT ( R AD HA J ATAKA 1 9 8 )
- -

A b hmi l v ra tw p t t w t h hi wi f i hi b
n ea es c e She kill o a rro s o a c s e n s a se n . s
on e f t h m which
o e hly p v h Th t h pr d t ly k e p
ra s ile t re ro e s er . e o er u en e s s n ,

an d in forms t he b ra hmin on his re t u rn .

TH E C H OI C E OF A HUS B A N D ( s AD H U S I LA -
J AT AKA ,
200 )
How a fa t he r hose c a hu s b a n d for his fou r da u g ht e rs .

T H E F OO LH A R D Y C R OW ( v i R A K A -
J AT AKA , 2 0 4)
A cc t chfi hf him lf d i d w e d
row t rie s t o a s or se , an s ro n .

TH E WOODP E C KE R T O R TO I S E AN D A NTE L OP E ( KURU NG AMI GA

, ,

J ATAKA 2 0 6 ) ,

A w dp c k d t rt i e e c
oo e t he ir f i e d t he
er an t l pe f om t r p
a o o s r s ue r n an e o r a a .

TH E C R OC OD I L E A ND TH E MO N KE Y ( S U MS U MARA J ATAKA -
,
20 8 )
A c c dil
ro o wa n t s t he
e h e a rt of a m k y whon c p b y p t di
e ,
o es a es re e n ng t ha t
It is h a n g in g on a fig t re e -
.

TH E B R A HM I N AN D TH E A C ROB A T (UC C H I TTH AB H ATTA -

J AT AKA
212)
fi d o t hi wife i t ig b y t he t t of t h ic
A hus b a n d n s u s
’
s n r ue s a e e r e .

TH E TO R TO I S E A N D T H E GEE S E
( KAC CH AP A J ATAKA 2 1 5) -

A t t i e i c v y d b y ge
or o s th g hst h i b
onit i g wi t h hi
e e e se rou e a r, n s t eeth
up t ic k
on a s H w t t
. d f ll e ans e rs a aun an a s .
 x CONTENT S

TH E S TO L E N P L O U G H S H A R ES ( KUTAv ANI J A J ATA KA 21 8 ) ,

A ma n de pos it s plou g hsha re s wit h a fri e d who p e t e n ds t ha t t h e y h a v e n ,

I

b ee n eaten by ra t s . By a cl v e er de i v ce h e 18 e x pose d .

TH E H E R O S TA S K S ( D H AMMAD D H AJ A
’
J AT AKA 22 0)
S kk
,

I mp ossib le t as ks a re s e t t o a g ood ma who doe s t he m wit h

’
n, a ll a a s

D E FEATI N G TH E KING EA TH ( MA HAP I NG A L A J ATAKA

OF D -
,
1 91
A port e r mou rn s t t h d t h f hi t y
a e ic l m t ea l t h h ld o s ra n n a a s e r, es e s ou
p v
ro e t oo mu for ch t h Ki g f D t h
e ndb t b ck
o ea an e se n a

TH E J A C KA L S ’
SP E LL (S AB BA D ATH A -
J AT AKA , 24 1 )
A j ck l l t he spe ll Of du in g t he w ld c ct my of
”
a a e a rn s su b or ,
an d oll e s an ar
l
Wi d b e a s t s, b u t is dis comfit e d .

THE J U DA S TR EE ( KI MS U KOP AMA

-
AKA 2 48 ) -
J AT ,

Four l a ds se e a t re e , an dq l b c
u a rre chd c ib it diff t l y e a use e a es r es e re n .

TH E J U D G M E N TS OF K I N G M I RRO R F A C E ( G AMANI C ANDA J ATAKA - -

,

2 5 7)
A pri ce n is ma de kin g b e in g t e ste d in g 1 v1 n g wis e
a ft e r j u dg me n t s .

St ory of his fou r j u dg me n t s a n d so u t ion of t e nl rob l e ms p .

TH E C R A B A ND TH E E L E P H A N T ( HAKKATA J AT AKA -
,
267 )
An e l e p h a n t g oe s t o c a t ch a g re a t c ra b a n d s cc e e ds wit h u t he h lpe of his
ma t e .

TH E O WL A s K I N G ( ULUKA -
J AT AKA ,
270)
The owl is propose d a s kin g of b irds, b u t b e c a us e of his s ou r oo s l k is n ot
ta ke n .

THE E L E P H A N T TRA I N E R S LU C K (S I R I J ATAKA 28 4)

- -
,

H w l ck c m f t i g t h fl h f c t i b i d
o u a e o ea n e es o er a n r s .

T H E WI S H I N G C U P ( B H AD RA G H AT A J ATAKA 2 9 1
-

) -

A p dt h ift h
s en Wi h i g p g iv
r t him H b as a k it d b c m
s n -
cu en o e re a s an e o es
c m
.

p oor on e ore .

T H E J A C KA L A N D T H E C R O W (J AM B U KH AD A KA J AT AKA 2 9 4) -
,

A j ck l fl t ta c w d g t f it
a a e rs a ro an e s ru .

TH E WO L F S S A B B A T H ( V AKA J AT AKA 3 0 0 )
’

A w l f b i g wi t h t f d d cid t k p
o e n b b th b t ou i g g t
oo e es o ee sa a ,
u on s e e n a oa

p f
re e rst k p b b th o eeth d y sa a ano er a .

T H E K I N G A ND TH E F RU I T G I RL
( S U J AT A J ATAKA 3 0 6 ) -

A ki g m i n p j j b l l wh b c m t p d t c g i
a rr e s a oor u u e se e r, o e o es oo rou o re o n se
t he fru it , a n d n e a rl y l ose s he r p osit ion .
 CONTENT S X1

PA GE

TH E WOODP EC KE R A ND T H E L I O N ( J AVAS A KU NA -
J AT AKA ,
3 0 8) 22 3
A w ood e p ck
e r e x t ra t s c a b on e from t he t hroa t of a li on , who a ft e rwa rds
re fu se s t he b ird a b oon .

TH E H A R E S S E L F S A C R I F I C E (S A S A J ATAK A 3 1 6 )
’
-

A h a re offe rs it s own fl e sh t o S a kka t o b e e a t e n a n d is re wa rd

,

ed ,
by
ha vin g it s sh a p e impre s se d on t he moon .

UN A S KE D FOR A D V I C E ( KU T I D USAK A J ATAKA 3 2 1 )

- -

A b ird g iv e s u n a sk e d for a dv ic e t o a mon ke y who de st roys it s n e st

-

,
.

TH E F I L G HT OF T H E B EA S TS ( DAD DAB H A J ATAKA -

, 3 22 )
The t imid h
fl ight of t he b e a st s
a re a n d t he .

T H E C O N C E I T E D M E N D I C A N T ( C AM MAs AT AK A J ATAKA 3 24 ) -

A foolishme n dic a n t me e t s his de a t h b y mist a kin g t he b u t t in g of a ra m

for a re sp e c t fu l sa lu t a t ion .

TH E I M P E R MA N E N C E OF WO RL D LY JO YS ( ANANU S OC I YA -
J AT AKA ,

a2s)
A hol y ma n n ds a wife b y fi me a n s of a g ol de n I ma g e , a n d on he r de a t hhe
'

n e it he r fa s t s n or w e e s p .

THE T E S TI N G OF V I R TU E (s i LAv i MAMS A J AT AKA , 3 30 )

A ma n t e st s t he owe r of Virt u e , a n d e a rn s mora p
sson s from t he h aw l l le k
p c
a n d ie e of me a t a n d from t h
,
e sl a e g irl , t o w om oss of ho e a on e b rou g ht v -
h l p l
pe a ce .

A K I N G S L I F E S AV E D B Y S P E LL S ( TH U S A J ATAKA 3 38 )
’
-

g hr p e t i g p l l a t
,

A ki g v d f om b i g kil l d b y hi
n I s sa e th r e n e s son , rou e a n s e s
c it ic l m m t
r a o en s .

T H E H E R O N S R E V E N GE
( KU NTA NI J ATAKA 3 4 3 )
’
-
,

A h e kill d b y ki g d i r v g he
’ ’
y e ron s
g oun on e s ar e a n s son s, a n n e en e s
b ri g
n b t t he i d t h
s a ou r ea .

TH E L I O N A ND T H E B ULL ( S AND H I B H ED A J AT AKA 3 4 9

) -
,

A j c k l b y l de o
a a w rd b i g b t
s an f t l q rre l b t we e a lio
r us o s rn s a ou a a a ua e n n
an d b ll a u .

T H E Q U A I L S F R I E N D S ( L A TU KI KA J AT AKA 3 57
’

) ,

A q il wi t h t h h l p f
ua c w fl y d f g de st y e e l ph t o a ro ,
a ,
an a ro ,
ro s a n e e an
t h t h d k ill d h y
a a g e er ou n on e s .

Q U EE N S US S O ND I ( S US S O ND I J AT AKA 3 6 0 ) ,

A g d c i ff a ki g wi f b t t wi t t d b y mi t r l
’
aI u a b i g
a rr e s o n s e, u on e n ou e a ns e
l v b ri g h b ck
o e r, n s er a .

T H E B E T R A Y E R B E T R A Y E D ( C U L L AD HA NU GG A H A J AT AKA -
, 2 53
A w m kill h h b d d g
o an ff wit h
s bb er wh b d us an an oe s o a ro e r, o ro s a n
d e sert h S kk p t h t h m d c v rt h
s er . a a u s er o s a e an on e s er .
xii CONTENT S

T H E C AT A ND TH E C OOK ( KU KKU T A J AT -
AKA , 383)
A ca t fl a t t e rs a c ck
o , b u t fai ls t o de c ive e it .

TH E L AN G U AGE OF A N I MA L S ( KH AR AP U TT A -
J AT AKA ,

A kin g g e t s a ch a rm from a n ag a b y w hi ch he de rst a n ds t he s ou n ds of

un
a ll a n i ma l s . H is Wife t rie s t o g e t t he ch a rm from him, b u t IS foil e d t rou g h h
S kka a s ad
’
vi c e .

TH E T H E FT OF A SM E LL ( B H I S AP U PP H A J ATAKA -
, 3 92)
A b ra hmi n is a ccus e d of st e a li n g t he s me l l of a fl owe r .

TH E L I O N I N B AD C OMP AN Y (M A N OJ A J ATAKA 3 9 7 ) -
,

A li on ma ke s fri e n ds wit h a j ac k al who gi v e s hi m b a d a dvi ce ,

an d c a use s
his de a t h .

TH E OTT ERS AND TH E J A C KA L ( D A B B H A P U P P H A J ATAKA 40 0 ) -

,
267
Two ot t e rs, who ha d c g h t fi h ch t d t f it b y j ck l
au a s ,
a re ea e ou o a a a as
j u dg e .

TH E B RA H MI N A ND TH E S N AKE (S AT TU B HAS TA J AT AKA 40 2 )

h
A n ol d b ra min 1 s se n t a w a y b y hi s Wife t o b e g , a n d a sn a ke g ets in t o his
c v
me al b a g u n pe r e i e d A b ra min sa g e g u e ss e s t a t t he . h h sn a k e I s h
t e re , a n d
e x pose s t h c
e wife S wi k e dn e ss
’
.

T H E B R A HM I N S R E V E N GE O N T H E M O N KEY S KA P I J ATAKA 40 4) 27 7
’

( -

M k y f t i p c ib d
on e
’
sc f l ph t b y p i t wh t f
a s re s r e as a u re or e e an s a r es o ou o
rev g wi h t h m k y t b d t y d
en e s es e on e s o e e s ro e .

T H E M O N KE Y S H E R O I C S E L F S A C R I F I C E ( M AR AKA P I J ATAKA 4 0 7 ) 27 9
’
- -

A m k y t k hi f ll w
on e v t h G g t t h c t f hi w l if
a es s o o e rs o e r e an es a e os o s o n e .

T H E A D V E N TUR E S O F T H E P R I N C E A N D H I S B R OT H ER ( P A R A N
TA P A J ATAKA 4 1 6 ) -

d t h pe e ch f im l Hi f t h m d d b y
,

A p i c d
rn t e un e rs a n s e s o an a s . s a er Is u r e re
v t d th m d
a se r a n ,
an v g d b y t h p i c y g b th
e ur er Is a en e e rn
’
e S ou n er ro er .

T H E P A N T H E R A N D T H E GO A T ( D I P I J ATAKA 426
) -

A p th f l ly
an c g t i
er d t h v
a se c f kil li g it
ac u ses a oa n or e r o a e an e x use or n

T H E G R A T E F UL P A RR OT ( M A H AS U K A J AT AKA 4 29 ) ,

S kk t t t p t Wi t h p it t b t t h b i d t f g a ti t d
a a o es a a rro e rs u s re e , u e r ou o r u e
f s
re u e s t l v it o ea e .

T H E G OB L I N S G I F T
( P A D A KU S AL AMANAV A J ATAKA 43 2 )
’

A b y c iv f m hi g b li m t h t h p w f t r c i g f t t p
o re e es ro s o n o er e o er o a n oo s e s,
an d b y t hi m ki g c i t d f t h ft d p t t d t h
s eans a n 18 on v c e o e an u o ea .

T H E WI S E G O A T A N D TH E J A C KA L
( P UTI MAMS A J ATAKA 4 3 7 ) -
, 306
A wi h g t t wit
se s j c k l t h t w pl t t i g t kil l h
e -
oa ou s a a a a as o n o er .
 CONTENT S
PA GE

TH E UN G R A TE F UL S ON ( T A K KA L A J AT -
AKA , 4 46 )
An u n g ra t e ful son pla n s to mu rde r his f tha b u t whe n his own s on
e r,
h
o e r e a ri n g he ws him ob e j ct l of hi s own u g in e ss , h l
e is pu t t o
g
s an -
e ss on
s a me .

T H E TEN S L A V E B R E THR E N (G H ATA J ATAKA 4 54 ) - -

,

A g irl is ke p t p ris on e r in a t owe r t h a t she ma y ma rry n o on e b t She ,

u

has t e n s on s who pl un de r t he l a n d a d c a p t u re a ll I n dia in clu din g a c it y

,
n ,

t ha t rise s in t he a ir. Fi n a l l y t h e y all di e as fa t e d .

R AM A A ND s i TA ( D A S ARATH A J AT -
AKA ,
46 1)
Two pri c e s a n d t he ir sist e r a re
n for t we l e y e a rs t rou g h t he ir se n t a wa y v h
st e p h j
mot e r s e a l ousy A t t e ir fa t he r s de a t t e ir st e b rot e r g oe s t o
-
’ ’
. h h h p -
h
h ck
b rin g t e m b a , b u t t he y re fus e t o re t u rn u n t il t he t we l e y e a rs a re u p I n v .

h
t he me a n t ime t he s oe s of R a ma t he e de st rul e t he i n g dom l k .

TH E WI C KE D ST EP -
MOTH E R ( M AH APA D U M A J ATAKA -
, 472)
A q u een p p
t e m t s he r s t e s on t o s in , a n d on b e in g re fu s e d re t e n ds t a t
-
p h
he wi s h e d t o for e h er c
H e is sa e d b y t he de it y of t he hi down whi h he
. v ll c
c
is as t , a n d re on il e d t o h c c
is fa t he r .

TH E L OS T C H A R M ( A MB A -
J AT AKA ,
4 7 4)
A b ra hmi n l e a rn s a ch arm from a l ow c as t e sa g e , a n d -
l ose s it a g a in
be c a u se he pre t e n ds t h a t a world fa me d t e a c he r g a v e it him
-
.

TH E P RI NC E S ’
WOO I N G AN D TH E T HR O N E OF TH E B UD D H AS
( KAL I NG AB O D H I J AT -
AKA ,
4 7 9)
A prin c e fa ll s in lv
o e wit h a l a dy b y fi n din g awre a t hwhi h she dro pe d c p
in t o a ri ve r . H e ma rrie s he r, b e c o me s k in g , a n d dis o e rs t he owe r of t he cv p
B u ddha s .

TH E F O LLY OF GA RRUL IT Y (TA K KARI Y A J ATAKA 4 8 1 ) -

A fa mily prie st plot s t o kill h i s Wife s p a ra mou r a n d fa ils b y t a lkin g t oo

’

soo n A n ot h e r prie st s h e ws him h

. i s foll y b y t e ll i g hi m t he st orie s of ( 1 ) a n

y ou n g ma de c e iv e d b y a c ou rt e sa n (2 ) a b ird kill e d b y t w o fig ht i g ra ms
n ,
n ,

(3 ) fo r m e n
u k ill e d i n sa vi n g a n ot h e r (4 ) a g oa t t h a t fi n ds t he kn ife t h a t wa s ,

t o kill he r (5 ) t wo fa irie s who kn e w whe n t o b e sil e n t

,
.

THE H AWK S AND TH E I R F R I E N D S (MAH AU KK U S A J ATAKA 4 86 ) -

, 3 57
H a wks ma ke frie n ds wit h a n ospre y a l ion a d a t ort oise t hro g h , ,
n ,
u
whom t he ir n e st l in gs a re sa v ed .

THE P R I N C E WH O UL D N OT L A U G H ( S U R U C I J ATAKA 4 8 9 )
CO -
,

A prin c e ma rrie s a p ri c e s s o n c on dit ion t ha t he ha s n o ot h e r wife

n .

T hy e a re chil dl bu
e ss t he re fu se s ot h e r wiv e s S a kk a a t t he Wife s pra ye r .
’

giv es a son , a n d b u il ds a ma g i cl a pa l a e for him c . The s on c a n n ot l a u gh

u n t il S kk a a s e n ds a j
u gg l e r t o p e rform t ri s ck .
xiv CONTENT S
PA GE

A LOS T F R I E N D FO UN D BY A SO N G ( C I TTA S AMB H UTA J AT AKA , 49 8 )

Two me n re ma in fas t frie n ds t rou g ma n y b irt s—a s ou h h h t c t a s s, who
p h
re t e n d t o b e b ra mins , a n d a re di s o e re d, as de e r, ospre y s , a n cv d as s on of
a fa mil y prie st a n d son of a in g The forme r b e ome s a n a s e k . c c t ic ,
and is
c
re og n ise d b y t h h h
e k in g t rou g t he s on g t a t he sin gs h
K I N G S I V I (S I V I J ATAKA -
,

Ki g S ivi v w t g iv
n yt hi g t h t o s o e an n a is as ke d of him . S kka a ass u me s
rm f b li d b h mi
o d k f
a n ra n an as s or hi s e ye s . S ivi ma k e s an A ct of
Tru t ha n d his e y e s a re re st ore d .

TH E E VI LS OF S T R ON G
R I N K ( K UM B H A J ATAKA 5 1 2 ) D -
,

A fore st e r a ccide n t a ll y disc ov e rs s t ron g drin k a d it l e a ds t o t he ru in of ,

n

a ll I n dia S a k k a a ppe a rs e x pose s it s e vil s a n d dissu a de s a ki n g from it s

.
, ,

TH E WH I TE SIx -
T U S KED E LE P H A N T (C H ADDANTA J ATAKA -
, 3 95
A fe ma l e e l e ant ph
on e i e s a g ru dg e a g a in st he r h c c v
us b a n d S he in e s . p
a wa y, di e s, a n d I s re b orn a s a q u e e n Re me mb e rin g he r g ru dg e s he orde rs
-
.

t he e l e ph
a n t s t us s t o b e b rou g t t o h
’
er k
A hun t e r il s t he e l e an t an d h . k l ph
k q
b rin g s t he t u s s t o t he u e e n , b u t s he on e a rin g of his de a t h is l e d wit h fil h
re morse a n d di e s .

TH E T HR EE WI S E B I R D S ( TES A KU NA J ATAKA 5 2 1 ) ,

A kin g a dopt s t hre e b irds a s ch il dre n Th e y a re e du c a t e d g iv e g ood .

,

a dvic e a n d a re p romot e d t o h ig h ofii ce

,
.

A K I N G F I N DS H I S F R I E N D T HR O U G H A S O N G ( SO NA K A J ATAKA -

5 29 )
A pri c e n fa mil y rie st a re b rou g t u p t og e t he r The
and t he s on of a p h .

prin e is cose n ch of B e n a re s b y t h k
e fe s t a l ca r, a n d h
in g is fri e n d b e ome s c
an as eti c c
Fort y ye a rs a ft e rw a rds t he kin g re me mb e rs his frie n d, a n d n ds
. fi
him a ga in b y me a n s of a s on g w i he a u s e s t o b e su n g h ch c .

TH E U G LY R I D EG R OOM B (K US A J AT AKA , 53 1)
A ch il dl e ss ki g a t l e gt h b e st ow e d on him b y a
n n a, on e ha s t w o son s S kk
h
of w om Is u g l y The u g l y son on s e n t s t o ma rry, if a l a dy ca n b e fou n d lik e
. c
a g ol de n I ma g e w i h ch
he ma e s H is Wife w e n fou n d I s n ot al l ow e d t o s e e k . h
cv
hi m, b u t on di s o e rin g how u g l y he is, she re t u rns t o he r pa re n t s H e .

v
foll ows, a n d in a riou s wa ys t rie s t o Win he r a fl e ct ion s, b u t fa i s u n t i he
'

l l
c
re s u e s h h
e r from se e n ost il e k in g s v .

TH E N I N ET EE N P R O B L E M S ( FR OM J AT AKA

1 Th pi c
. f m t e 2 Th c t t l
e 3 eTh o ea . . e a e . . e ne c kl c a e of th re a d .

4 Th c t t
. th
e d o 5 Th 6 Th b l c k b
on re a . . e s on . . e a a ll . 7 . The ch a ri ot .

8 Th p l
. 9 Th h d
e o e 1 0 Th
. k 1 1 Th
. e ea . . e sn a e . . e cook . 1 2 The g e m . .

13 .Th c l v i g e14 Th b il d i c
a n 15 Th
. . e o e r e . . e sa n d . 16 The t a n
. k .

1 7 Th p k 1 8 Th 1 9 Th j w l i c w ’
. e ar . . e a ss . . e e e n a ro s n e st .

A DD E N D A
INDEX
 ILLUS TRATIONS

K I NG MAKH ADEVA F I N D S A GR EY H AI R
(J dt a lca 9, p . 18 )

TH E S T UP I D MO N KE YS
(J a ta k a 4 6 , p 4 5) .

TH E C RAB A ND T H E EL EP H A N T
(J dt a lca 2 6 7, p . 2 11)

TH E C O N C E ITE D E N D IC A N T M
(J dt l 3 2 4 t wo c e e pp 2 33 2 3 4)
a ca , s n s, .
,

V . TH E Q U A I L A ND H E R F R I E N DS

(J dt l 3 5 7 t h e e c e
a ca ,
pp 2 4 8 2 49 )
r s n e s, .
,

TH E C AT A ND T H E C OC K

(J dt a lca 3 8 3, p 2 58 ) .

TH E OTT E RS A ND T H E J A C KA L
(J at a k a 400 , t wo c
s e n e s, p . 2 67)

VI I I . TH E M O N KE Y S S E L F S A C R I F I C E
’
-

(J a t a k a 40 7 t hre e sc e n e s pp 2 8 1
, , .
,
2 82 )
 I N TR O D U C T I O N

“ I E fin d in Hesiod the story of Jaso n the of A e s on

who by the will of the immortal gods achieved the
, s on ,

man y lamen table labours imposed on him by the haughty

ki n g Pelias a n d who after his grievous toils carried off the
,

bright eyed maide n a n d made her his wi fe This is a form

-
.

’
of the tale k n ow n as the Hero s Tasks whi ch exists amo n g ,

the most widely scattered peoples

-
The comparative
.

mythologists have explai n ed it as a myth of the sprin g

rai n s a n d the moo n but it does n ot fit i n to a n y of the
,

theories of folktales prepared for its receptio n B e n fe y .

held that although the impulse to i n vent folktales is a

feature of ge n eral human n ature yet the existi n g folktales
,

of E u rO pe a n d Asia as a matter of fact origi n ated in

I n di a But this theory too is co n tradicted by the Jason

.

story An drew Lan g has compared various forms of it

.

fou n d amo n g peoples n ot related either in language or

culture — the Algo n quin I n dian s the S amoan s a n d Z ulus
, , ,

besides European races It also exists in an I n dian shape

.

in the prese n t selectio n of birth stories from the J a taka

-

(N o. This i n stan ce suggests a n d man y more co u ld

,

be given that it is too early to speak of a s cien ce of folk

,

”
t ales . The i n vestigators are not yet ev e n agreed upo n a
s cien tifi c method .

The great authority of B e n fe y has popularised the

View that Indian folktales origi n ated with the Buddhists .

l
 2 INTRODUCTION
His work was done before the J a taka the great collectio n ,

of buddhist birth stories was kn own a n d it is n ow possible

-
, ,

to see from the stories themselves that so far from ,

Buddhi sm bei n g a great source of folktales the bulk o f ,

those whi ch o ccur in the J a taka are pre b u ddhist ic a n d ,

merely adaptatio n s of I n di an tales .

B e n fe y s mai n arg ume n t for the buddhistic origi n of

’

I n dian fo l ktal es was the fa ct that traces of Buddhism

appeared to be foun d i n the P a n cha t a n t ra the I n dian ,

co ll e ctio n of tal es whi ch has be come wide l y kn own in the

West as the fables of Bidpai From this he i n ferred
.

that the Pan chatan tra was a buddhi st work revised by

Brahmi n s But we n ow kn o w that the work was of
.

Brahmi n origi n a n d had bee n revised in the versio n s

,

whi ch B e n fe y used by Buddhist or Jai n editors This has .

been proved by Dr Hertel who has edited a n d t ran slated

,

a mu ch earlier form o f the Pan chatan tra kn own as the ,

Ta n t rdk hy dy ik a whi ch is pu re l v brahman i sti c a n d without

,

a n y buddhist features The questio n of the history of

.

I n dian fo l ktales has n ot been simp l ified by this dis cove ry ,

but it has made it impossible t o look for their origi n in

Buddhism .

The J a taka as we possess it o ccurs in the se co n d o f

, ,

the three great divisio n s of the P a l i Buddhist S criptures ,

a n d in the Mis ce ll a n eous Collectio n of Discourses (Khud

dhaka Nik a y a ) o f this div isio n It co n sists of 5 4 7 j a takas

.
,

each co n tain i n g a n ac cou n t of the life of Gotama Buddha

durin g some i n carn atio n in on e of his previo u s existe n ces
as a B odhisa t t a or bei n g desti n ed to e n lighte n me n t before
, ,

he became Buddha the E n lighte n ed O n e This n umber

, .

does n ot correspo n d t o exa ctly 5 4 7 stories because some ,

of the tales o ccur more than O n ce in a di ffere n t settin g o r ,

in a varian t versio n a n d occasio n al l y several stories are

,
4 INTRODUCT I ON
aft er or durin g the recitatio n of the story of the past A n .

i n stan ce wi l l be foun d in J a t 2 0 6 p 1 7 3 .
,
. .

Buddhism took over the Hi n du doctri n e of re birth -

a n d karma but moralised it

,
R e birth in heave n is n o .
-

lo n ger due to performi n g an imal sacrifices or the in ,

fl ict ion of self torture but to practisi n g the Virtues

-
,

emphasised by B u ddha almsgivi n g truth Speaki n g for , ,

-

g iv e n e s s of e n emies But this teachi

. ng w hi ch is the ,

promi n e n t on e in the J a taka is n ot the esse n ce of ,

buddhism Doi n g good a ctio n s ca n n ever lead to salva

.

tio n.
“
Whoever shal l do n othi n g but good works will
re ceive n othi n g but ex ce l le n t future rewards The aim .

of the dis ciple is n ot to a ccumulate merit but to win ,

I n sight Yet although mu ch of the J a taka is merely moral

.

i n structio n to the un co n verted it also expoun ds teachin g ,

which leads to e n l ighte n me n t su ch as the doctrin e of ,

imperman en ce belief in the Buddha the rej e ctio n of

, ,

superstitious rites freedom from lust hatred a n d delusio n

, , , ,

a n d other bo n ds whi ch the dis ciple mus t break as he

adva n ces on the Noble Path .

With regard to the questio n of the relatio n of the

J a taka to n on buddhist I n dian works importan t results are
-

reached by Fra n ke in his article J a taka Mah a bh a rata “

”
P a ra l l e l e n l
. He has Shewn by the detailed exami n atio n
of a n umber of paral lel tales as well as of verses common ,

to the J a taka a n d Mah a bh a rata that n either work is

directly depe n de n t on the other but that they are con ,

n e ct e d o n ly through commo n Sources .

A more diffi cult questio n is the relatio n of the beast

fables to the fables of A esop B e n fe y be came S O firmly .

assured of the Greek origi n of su ch fables in the

Pan chatan tra that he refused to place the origin of that
1
WZ K M ( Vi
. O J
e nn a ) 3 1 7 E Th i h b
r . ou rnf l l y t il i d i t h
. x x . t s as een u u se n e no es .
 INTRODUCTION 5

work earlier than 2 0 0 B C on the groun d that this was the ,

earliest date at whi ch a kn owledge of Aesop s fables co u l d ’

have reached Indi a But in the J a taka we n ow possess

.

evide n ce for pu t ti n g the existe n ce of these fables in I n di a

1
much earlier O n several buddhist stupas in I n dia are
.

carved represe n tatio n s of sce n es in some of the J a taka

tales a n d fables The earliest a n d most importan t of these
.

mon ume n ts is the S tupa of Bharhut a Village 1 2 0 miles ,

south west of Al lahabad the remai n s of which were dis

-
,

covered by S ir A Cun n in gham in 1 8 7 3 Carved in relief

. .

on the raili n gs are a number o f s ce n es of j a taka tales a n d

fables with their titles Twenty eight have been iden ti fied
.
-
,

s everal S O called Aesopic fables bei n g amo n g them

-
The .

date of the stupa is put on epigraphical groun ds between

2 50— 2 00 BC a n d we may assert the existen c e of j a taka
,

tales as early as t he fourth cen tury B C while the tales a n d . .

,

fables which Buddhism adopted must be much older The .

first feeli n g of the folklorists on the publi catio n of the

’
J a taka was one of di sappoi n tmen t B e n fe y s investiga .

tio n s had all bee n on the assumption of a great budd hi st

s ource for I n dian tales a n d the J a taka co n tai n ed hardly
,

an ythi n g which bore out curre n t theories It was s u g .

gested that the P a li scholars had played their best trumps ,

or were tryi n g to win tricks with cards whi ch they kept up

their Sleeve But the J a taka had really left the folklorist
.

Wi thout a card for the game The stories i n stead of bei n g .

“
a s can ty contributio n to the Aesopic questio n made it
obsolete They proved the existen ce of a great body of
.

I n dian fable i n depe n de n t of a n y Greek source AS .

“
Mr Jacobs has said it is idle to talk of a body of ,

literature [ Aesop ] amoun ti n g to 3 0 0 n umbers bei n g derived

1
F or a
g l d c ipt i f t h e m m t
e n e ra es r G
on w d l B ddhi t A rt
o es on u e n s, se e ru n e e ,
u s

i n I n di a , L on don , 1 9 0 1 .
6 INTRODUCTION
from an other [ the J a taka] runn in g also to 3 0 0 when they ,

1 ”
have o n ly a dozen items in commo n .

The much smaller questio n that remain s is how after ,

setti n g aside the bulk of j a taka beast fables a s of I n di an

Origin are we to explain the parallelism in about a dozen
,

which more or l ess resemble Aesop ? More than this

n umber have bee n compared but man y of the paralle l isms , ,

whi ch were taken for gran ted as l o n g as a commo n origi n

was assumed have n o val ue n ow that the questio n is Ope n
,
.

Mr Jacobs quotes J a t 3 0 3 2 3 4 (with 1 3 6 1 43 1 46

.
, , , , ,

1 8 9 2 1 5 2 9 4 3 0 8 3 7 4 3 8 3 4 2 6 a n d amo n g them are

, , , , , , ,

paral l el s to such well kn own fables as The A ss i n t he L i on s

’
-

S k in The Wolf a n d t he L a mb a n d T he F ox a n d t he C row

, ,
.

I t is n ot n e cessary for the prese n t purpose to prove that

even these are rel ated in origi n The i n depen de n t origi n .

of Simi l ar tales is sti l l a te n able theory ; but it is possible

to shew on the assumptio n that they are co n n ected that

, ,

a path of tran smission from I n di a to Greece was Ope n l o n g

before commun icatio n s were established by A l exan der .

Thi s was from I n dia to Persia a n d from Persia to Asia ,

Mi n or It ca n also be shewn that tales from I n dia a ctually

.

reached Persia a n d the Eup hrates district i n depe n den tly

of a n y Greek mediatio n Relatio n s with I n dia in the .

Sixth cen tury B C are shewn by the i n s criptio n s of Darius

the Great (5 2 1 —4 8 5 especial ly in on e at Persepolis ,

which men tio n s I n du sh (the I n dus district ) a n d Gan d a ra

amon g the peoples who brought him tribute I n the .

S t ory of A hiha r we have a Persian o r Baby l o n ian story

2

whi ch B e n fe y iden tified with a we l l kn ow n I n dian type I t -

.

is the tale of a ki n g s mi n ister who falls i n to disfavour

’

, ,

a n d is restored through h i s skill in a n swerin g cert ain

S J c b H i t y f th E m F bl p 108
1
ee a o s
’
s or o e so
'

o a e, . .

2
Se e n ot e on The N in e t e e n P rob l e ms .
 INTRODUCTION 7

problems that had been sen t to the ki n g This tale .

occurs in several Indian forms and in P a l i in a much ,

i n flated versio n as the M a ha u mma gg a J a taka The

ni n e t ee n problems that occur in it are given below The .

ide n tity of several of the problems with the Indian as ,

well as the structure of the tale is stro n g co n firmatio n of ,

the ide n tity of the stories O n e of the problems is the .

1
bibli cal Judgme n t of Solomon for which S a l z b e rg e r had ,

already suggested a Persian origin The date of the tale .

in Persia must be at least of the fifth ce n tury B C as frag ,

me n ts of a n Ar a maic versio n of it h ave b ee n discovered in

a Persian military colo n y of Jew s at Elephan ti n e which ,

was established there duri n g the supremacy of the Persian s

over E g ypt The pe n etratio n of the Ab ikar story may be
.

an terior t o the Persian co n quest of Babylo n That there .

were trade relatio n s very early with I n dia may be i n ferred

from the Semitic origi n of the I n dian alphabet J a t 3 3 9 . .

speaks of a voyage from I n dia to B a ve ru which is probably ,

Babylo n (B a b il u ) .

Mr Jacobs gives several parallels to I n dian fables from

M idra s h R a bb a a rabbin i cal co mmen tary on the Pe n ta
z
,

t e n ch a n d Five Rolls This work is a compil atio n much

.

later than the date of the e n try of G reeks i n to Indi a but ,

it co n tains fables which possess I n dian features not foun d

in the correspo n di n g Greek fables a n d it shews commu n i ,

catio n with I n dia outside Greek i n fluen ce Accordi n g to .

Win ter a n d Wun s che this M idrash is in part Babylo n ian ,

the ol der parts bei n g Palesti n ian The fables occurrin g in .

it are used as illustrations a n d have the appearan ce of ,

havi n g been orally a cquired O n G e n xxvi 2 6 is told the . . .

fable of the Egyptia n partridge whi ch extracts a bo n e ,

1
D i e S a l om o S a g e ,
-
p 4 , B e rl in , 1 9 0 7
.

—8 5
.

2
Ge rma n t ra n s a t ion b y A Wun s e , B i b l iot he ca R a bbi n ie a , Le i
l _
. ch pz ig ,
1 880 .
8 I NTRODUCTION

from the throat of a lion a s in J a t 3 0 8 n ot a wolf as in

,
.
, ,

Aesop (Halm 2 7 6 ,
O n Esther iii 6 a bird w hi ch .
, ,

bui lds its n est on the sea Shore that was threate n ed by the
-

waves tries to bale out the water with its beak a n d is

,

rebuked by an other bird Cf J a t 1 4 6 whi ch is Wi thout a

. . .
,

parallel in Aesop O n Esth iii 1 is told the story of

. . .

a ma n who had a she ass its foal a n d a s ow To the latter

-

, , .

he gives u n stin ted food but to the others in proportio n

, .

The foal i n quires of its mother why the idle sow Should be
so fed The ass replies the hour will soon come whe n
.
,

will see the sow s fate d u dersta d that it was we l l

’

y o u a n n n ,

fed n ot out of favour but for a disgraceful e n d Whe n

, .

the feast comes the fatted sow is killed a n d the moral

, ,

explai n ed to the foal S o in J a t 3 0 where a n ox a n d its

. .
,

youn ger brother take the place of the ass a n d foal But .

in Aesop (Halm 1 1 3 ) a heifer pities a worki n g ox At the .

feas t it is take n t o be slaughtered a n d the ox smiles a n d ,

poi n ts the moral .

By Aesop we mean the Greek fables of various dates

whi ch have become colle cted u n der that n ame Although .

the traditio n s as to the historical existen ce o f Aesop are

of n o value it is Sign ifi can t that Phrygia occurs most
,

frequen tly as the home of Aesop The n ame is probably .

Phrygian A e s e pos is the n ame of a river of Phrygia a n d

.

Mysia a n d also of a Troj an at the siege of Troy The

, .

“ ”
priority or rather i n depen den ce of Greek fable m a y
be co n sidered certai n but if in the case of a few it is
,

n ecessary to i n fer a co n n exio n with the East the n we have

,

a natural explan atio n in the relatio n s of the Greeks of

Asia Min or with their eastern n eighbours a n d with Persia .

G reek relatio n s with Persia n eed n o detailed proof The .

Persian tale o f Herodotus referred to on J a t 6 7 (p 7 0 ) . .

s hews how such stories cou l d easily pass to Gree ce .

 INTRODUCTION 9

The works Shewi n g the closest relationship with the

J a taka are n aturally buddhist compositio n s such as the ,

P a li Oa riy d P ita k a the S an skrit J a t a ka ma l d S chie fn e r s ’

‘

-
, ,

co l lectio n of Tibetan tales a n d Chi n ese tran slatio n s from ,

buddhist S an skrit sources The most exte n sive co n n e x io n .

with n on bu ddhistic collectio n s is apart from the Mah a b

-

h a rata the Pan chatan tra three of the frame stories of

, ,

which occur in the J a taka as well as a varian t of a fourth ,

( 1 4 1 ,2 0 6 2 0 8 a n,
d a n umber of si
,
n gle tales A .

detailed comparison shews much the same result as in

’
Fran ke s i n vestigation of the Mah a bh a rata tales that is , ,

no direct borrowin g on either side but commo n i n herit ,

an ce from an earlier source It was firmly held by B e n fe y .

that the Ve t d l apa hoa v imsa t ilcd

'

twen ty fiv e tales of a ,
-

”
vampire was of buddhist origi n It is true that a version
, .

o f it has fou n d its way to the buddhist Mo n gols where it ,

is k n own as S sidi K it r but it is di fficult t o imagin e such ,

a thesaurus of intrigue origi n atin g in a buddhist com

mun ity The only traces of it in the J a taka are 1 45 of
.
,

which the Ve t NO 2 1 shews a greatly elaborated versio n

. .
,

J a t 5 2 7 ( Ve t
. and possibly a much moralised version
.

of No 2 in J a t 2 0 0
. . .

We are dealing with a much simpler problem than the

oral tran smission of folktales when we fin d J a taka stories ,

in mediaeval a n d modern E u ropean literature s uch as that ,

of the robbers a n d the treasure in Chaucer s P a rdon e r s

’ ’

Ta l e (J a t or of the ploughshares eate n by mice (J a t

. .

a n d the tortoise a n d geese (J a t 2 1 5 ) amo n g La .

’
Fo n tai n e s fables These tales ca n be proved t o have
.

Spread over Europe through literary chan nels The P a n .

cha t a n t ra was tran slated into Pahlavi from an imperfe ct

I n dian M S for the S assan id kin g Khosra u An oS he rwa n

.
‘

who reign ed from 53 1 to 5 7 9 A D T his tran slatio n ha s .

10 INTRODUCTION
disappeared but the closest represen tatives of it ex ist in
,

Syriac a n d Arabic versio n s k n own as K a l i l a ha n d D imn a h

, ,

f
a n d in E n glish as the F a b l e s o B i dpa i From these a n d .
,

especially from the Arabic Lati n tran slation s were made

,

in the middle ages Their history properly belo n gs to the

.

gen ealogy of the Pan chatan tra A list of them is give n in .

L a n ce re a u s Fren ch tran slatio n of the Pan chatan tra ( Paris

’

1871 )
The presen t selectio n has been made with the purpose
of bri n gi n g together the J a taka stories of most i n terest ,

both i n trin sically a n d also from the poin t of View of the

,

folklorist The tran slatio n adopted with Slight revisio n to

.
,

remove i n co n sisten cies is take n from the complete editio n

,

tran slated u n der the e di torship of Pro f E B Cowell . . .

,

Cambridge 1 8 9 5— 1 9 0 7
, .

The than ks of the editors are due to Sir J H Marshall . .

,

Director Ge n eral of Archaeology in I n dia who has

-
,

ha d photographs expressly take n for t he illustratio n s of

the J a t a k a S on the carvi n gs of the Bharhut Stupa as well ,

as to Professor E J Rapso n who has give n mu ch help

. .
,

a n d advi ce in their preparatio n and selectio n .

E J T
. . .

F e b ru a ry 19 16 .
12 ABBREVIATION S
Schmidt hDsa II s b l u n [Dsa n g l u n ] ode r de r We ise un d de r Thor a us de m Ti b e t isch e n
'

- -
.

I J Sch mi dt S t P e t e rsb u rg , 1 84 3
. . . .

Sin d Compa re t t i Re se a rche s re spe ct in g t he B ook of Sin di b ad [wit h t he t e x t an d

. .

t ra n sl a t ion of t he S pa n ish v e rsion ] Fol kl ore S oc I x L on don , 1 8 82

. . . .

S om The K a t h a S a rit S ag a ra or Oc e a n of t he S t re a ms of S t ory [ of S oma de va ]

.

t ra n sl a t e d from t he orig in a l S a n skrit b y C H Ta w n e y 2 v ol s C a l c u t t a , 1 880 . . . .

1 88 4 .

Su k . The en ch an ted p a rrot ,

b e in g a se l e ct ion from t he S k S pt u a a at i . Tr B . . H .

Wort h a m . L on don , 1 9 1 1 .
(Compl e t e G e rma n tr . b y R Sch midt
. . Kie l ,
Tib T. . Tib e t a n Ta l e s de ri v ed from I n dia n c
sou r e s . Tra n sl a t e d from t he Tib e t a n
of t he Ka hgyu r b y F A
-
. . von Schie fn e r . Don e in t o En g l is hb y W . R . S . Ra lt
s on .

L on don , 1 882 .

Ve t . V e t al a pa fi ca vinca t ik a, hrsg . v on H Uhl e

. .
(Ab h fii r die
. K u n de de s Morg e n l 8 . .

z
Le ip i g , 1 88 4 .
 J A TA K A TA L ES

THE LITTLE G I L D MA S TER

O n ce on a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign in g in

Be n ares in K a si the B odhisa t t a was born i n to a gild
,

master s family a n d growi n g up became g il dma st e r bei n g

’

,
1
, ,

called G il dma st e r Little A wise a n d clever ma n was b e .

,

with a kee n eye for Sign s a n d omen s O n e day on his way .

to wait upon the kin g he came on a dead mouse lyi n g on ,

the road ; a n d takin g n ote of the position of the stars at

,

that momen t he said A n y decen t youn g fellow with his

, ,
“

wits about him has on ly to pick that mouse up a n d he ,

”
might start a busin ess a n d keep a wife .

His words were overheard by a young ma n of good

family but reduced circumstan ces who said t o himself , ,

“
That s a man who has always got a reason for what he
’

”
says . A n d a cco rdi n gly he picked up the mouse which he ,

sold for a farthin g at a tavern for their cat .

With the farthin g he g ot molasses a n d took dri n ki n g

water in a water pot Comin g on fl owe r gatherers return
-
.
-

in g from the forest he gave each a ti n y quan tity of the ,

molasses a n d ladled the water ou t to them Ea ch of them .

gave him a han dful of flowers with the proceeds of which , ,

n ext day he came back agai n to the flower grou n ds pro

,

vide d with more molasses a n d a pot of water That da y .

the fl owe r gatherers be fore they wen t gave him floweri n g

-
, ,

plan ts with half the flowers left on them ; a n d thus in

a little while he obtained eight pe n n ies .

Th g il dm t ( tthi ) b l g d t t h cl f h h ld
1
e as er se He w t
e on e o e a ss o ou s e o e rs . as no an

fli i l f t h ki g c t t h g h h h d ffic i l l t i wit ht h ki g Cf Fi c k
’
o c a o e n s ou r ,
ou e a o a re a on s e n . .
,

Di s G li d g im d t I di B ddh Z i t p 1 6 6 K i l 18 9 7
’
e oc . e e ru n n er -
oa . n en c u u a s e . . e .
, ,
14 THE LITTLE G I LD MA S T ER

Later on e rai n y a n d wi n dy day the wi n d blew down

, ,

a quan tity of rotte n bran ches a n d boughs a n d leaves in

the ki n g s pleasaun ce a n d the garden er di d n ot s e e how
’

to clear them away Then up came the youn g ma n with

.

a n o ffer to remove the lot if the wood a n d leaves might ,

be his The garde n er closed with the offer on the spot

.
.

Then this apt pupil of G il dma st e r Little repaired t o the

childre n s playgroun d a n d in a very li t tle while had got
’

them by bribes of molasses to co l lect every stick a n d leaf

in the place i n to a heap at the e n tran ce to the pleasau n ce .

Just the n the ki n g s potter was on the look ou t for fuel to

’

fire bow l s for the pala ce a n d comin g on this heap took , ,

the lot off his han ds The sale of his wood brought in .

Sixtee n pen n ies to this pupi l of G il dm a s t e r Little as well ,

as five bowls a n d other vessels Havi n g n ow twen ty four .

-

pe n n ies in all a plan occurred to him He we n t to the

, .

vicin ity of the city gate wi t h a j ar full of water a n d supplied

-

5 0 0 mowers with water to dri n k Said they You ve don e “ ’

.
,

us a good turn frie n d What ca n we do fo r you ?

, . Oh ,

”
I l l tell you when I wan t your aid said he ; a n d as he we n t
’

about he stru ck up a n i n tima cy with a lan d trader a n d a

,
-

s e a trader
-
Said the former to him To morrow there will
.
,
-

”
come to to wn a horse dealer with 5 0 0 horses t o sel l
-
On .

“
heari n g this piece of n ews he said to the mowers I wan t , ,

each o f you to day t o give me a bun dle of grass a n d n ot to

-

”
se l l your own grass till mi n e is sold Certai n ly said they .
”
, ,

a n d delivered the 50 0 bun dles of grass at his house Un able .

to get grass for his horses elsewhere the dealer pur chased ,

our frie n d s grass for a thousan d pie ces O n ly a few days

’
.

later his sea tradi n g frien d brought him n ews of the arrival
-

of a large ship in port ; a n d an other pla n struck him He .

hired for eight pen ce a well appoin ted carriage whi ch plied
for hire by the hour a n d we n t in great style down to the
,
 THE LITTLE G I LD MA S TE R 15

port Havi n g bought the s hip on credit a n d deposited

.

his Sign et ri n g as security he had a pavilion pitched hard

-

by a n d said to his people as he took his seat in side When ,

“

merchan ts are bein g shewn in let them be passed on by ,

”
three su ccessive ushers i n to my prese n ce Heari n g that .

a ship had arrived in port about a hun dred merchan ts ,

came down to buy the cargo ; o n ly t o be told that they

could n ot have it as a great mercha n t had already made a
paymen t on ac coun t S o away they all wen t to the youn g .

m a n ; a n d the footmen duly an n oun ced them by three

suc cessive ushers as had been arranged beforehand Each ,
.

ma n o f the hu n dred severally gave him a thousa n d pie ces

to buy a share in the ship a n d the n a further thousan d
each to buy him out altogether So it was with .

pieces that this pupil of G il dma st e r Little return ed to

Be n ares .

A ctuated by a desire to shew his gratitude he we n t ,

with on e hun dred thousan d pieces to call on G il dma s t e r

“ ”
Little .How did you come by all this wealth ? asked
the g il dma s t e r I n four short mo n t hs Simply by follow
.
“
,

in g your advice replied the youn g m a n ; a n d he told him

,

the whole story startin g with the dead m ouse Thought , .

Lord High G il dma s t e r Little on heari n g all this I must , ,

see that a young fello w of these parts does n ot fall i n to

an ybody else s hands S o he married him to his o wn
’

grown u p daughter a n d settled all the family estates on

-

the youn g ma n A n d at the g il dma st e r s death he became

.
’

g il d m a s t e r i n that city A n d the B o dh is a t t a passed away .

to fare accordi n g to his deserts .

Th m t l i S m VI (i
e sa e a e I K D (A b ) X III it f m p t f t h t y
n o . . . n . . ra V . or s ar o e s or

of Th k i g d hi C mp i Of t h f i h b dm wh
’
e S n s on a n s o an on s . e se ou r on e s a us an an, o

m y b y c rryi g w d i t h fir t p t f t h j a t k A th m ch t ’
e a rn s on e a n oo ,
as n e s ar o e a a . no e r, a er an s

wi t h ship c g i th l tt p t Th dv t f t h ki g
’
s on ,t d ra es a s a r o, a s n e a er ar . e a en u re s o e n
’
s

son f m or pi d i J a t 445 52 9 5 39
an e so e n .
, , .
 THE KING AND THE STICK GATHERER -

O n ce on a time in Ben ares B ra hma da t t a the ki n g ,

havin g go n e in great state to his pleasaun ce was roami n g ,

about looki n g for fruits a n d flowers when he came on a

woman who was merri l y sin gin g away as S he pi cked up
sticks in the grove Fal l in g in love at first sight the ki n g
.
,

be came i n timate with her a n d the B odhisa t t a was con

,

ce iv e d the n a n d there Feel i n g as heavy withi n as though

.

weighed down with the bolt of I n dra the woman kn ew ,

that she would become a mother a n d told the ki n g so , .

He gave her the Sign et ri n g from his fi n g er a n d dismissed

-

her wi th these words I f it be a gi rl spe n d this ri n g on ,

her n urture ; but if it be a boy bri n g ri n g a n d child ,

”
to me .

When the woman s time was come she bore the Bodhi
’

satta A n d whe n he could ru n about a n d was playin g in

.

the p l aygroun d a cry would arise No father has hit me 1

, ,
-
”

Heari n g this the B odhis a t t a ra n away to his mother a n d

asked who hi s father was .

You are the s on of the Ki n g of Be n ares my boy , .

”
What proof of this is there mother ? My s on the ki n g ,

o n leavi n g me gave me this S ig n et ri n g a n d said If it be ‘

-
,

a girl Spe n d this rin g on her n urture ; but if it be a boy

, ,

bri n g rin g a n d child to Why the n do n t you take

“ ’

”
me to my father mother ? ,

S eei n g that the boy s mi n d was made up S he took him

’

to the gate of the palace a n d bade their comi n g be

an n oun ced to the ki n g Be i n g summo n ed in S he e n tered
.
,

a n d bowi n g before his maj esty said This is your s on “

, ,

S i re
.

The ki n g k n ew we l l e n ough that thi s was the truth but ,

shame before all his court made him reply He is n o s on ,

“
 THE K ING AND THE S TICK GATHERER -
17

of min e But here is your Sign et rin g sire ; you will

.
-

,
”
No r is thi s my Sign et ri n g
”
recogn i se that Then said .
“ -
.

the woman Sire I have n ow n o wi t n ess to prove my

,
“
,

words except to make a n a ct of truth Wherefore if

,
.
,

this child is yo u rs I pray that he may stay in mid ,

a i r ; but if not may he fall to earth a n d be killed So ,

.

sayin g she seized the B odhis a t t a by the foot a n d threw

,

him up in to the air .

Seated cross legged in mid air the B odhisa t t a in sweet - -

to n es repeated t his stan za to his father declari n g the ,

truth
Y ou r s on I , g re a t mon a rch ; re a r me , S i re !
a m
The k i n g re a rs ot he rs , b u t mu ch m ore hi s chil d .

Heari n g the B o dhisa t t a thus tea ch the truth to him

from mid air the ki n g stret ched out his han ds a n d cried
-
, ,

Come to me my boy ! No n e n o n e but me shall rear a n d , ,

”
nurture you ! A thousan d han ds were stretched ou t t o
re ceive the B o dhisa t t a but it was i n to the arms of the
ki n g a n d of no other that he des cen ded seati n g himself ,

in the ki n g s lap The ki n g made him Viceroy a n d made

’
.
,

his mother qu ee n co n sort At the death of the king -

.

his father he came to the throne by the title of K i n g

,

—
K a ttha va ha n a the faggot bearer a n d after rulin g his — -

realm righteously passed away to fare accordi n g to his ,

deserts .

Th t y f S k t l a M b h I h 7 0 —
e s or o 7 4 i which t h ki g
a un af t r c g i,
. . c s .
,
n e n re us e s o e o n se

S k t la
a un a t il , v ic f m h v t ll him t d
un a o Th ki g e y t h t hi
ro ea en e s o o so . e n sa s a s

r f l w d t h t t h p pl mig ht b c vi c d f t h t t h f t h w m ’
e usa i as n or e r a e eo e e on n e o e ru o e o an s

t y by div i Ka l ida d m th i g i l t c v df m ’
s or a S ig I ne n . d n sa s ra a e rn s os an re o e re ro a

fi h wh
s , p t h ki g m m y which h d b
e re u on e d t y d by n g c’
s i e or ,
a e en e s ro e a sa e s
’
u rs e , s

t
re s ore d B ddh g h h
. x
u f ll w t h j a t k cl
a ly A v i t cc r i J a t
os a x . o o s e a a os e . ar an o u s n .

H Li d i Wi di h F t h ift p 22 8 if S J W (H m
' ‘

4 87 ,
se e . i e rs n r n sc es sc r ,
. . . . a rre n er . xx x .

4 7 8 ) fi d t h g m f Ka lida t y i th l t i g Th i i j t t he f t
’
n s e er o s a s s or n e os rn . s s us e a u re

wh ich d t c
oe s n o i t h l d f m i t h M b h Th i c id t f fi di g
o cu r n l t e o er or n e . e n en o n n a os

tre a s u re i fi h cc n a i t h q i t diff
s t t ry f J a t 2 88
o u rs Cf Cl t ni 39 8 e u e e re n s o o . . . ou s on , .
,

The R in g an d t he F i sh .

F & T
. .
 KING MA K H A D E VA S GREY HA I R S ’

O n ce on a time in Mit hil a i n the realm o f Vide ha

t here was a ki n g n amed M a k ha de v a who was righteous ,

a n d ruled righteously F or su ccessive periods o f eighty

.

four thousan d years he had respectively amused himself

as pri n ce ruled as Vi ceroy a n d reign ed as ki n g A ll these
, ,
.

lo n g years had he lived whe n on e day he said to his ,

barber , Tell me frien d barber whe n you s e e a n y grey

-
“
, ,
”
hairs in my head S O on e day years a n d years after the
.
, ,

barber did fin d amo n g the rave n lo cks of the ki n g a

si n gle grey hair a n d he told the ki n g s o
,
Pull it out .
“
,

my frien d said the ki n g ; a n d lay it in my palm

, The .

barber a ccordin gly plu cked the hair out with his golden
to n gs a n d laid it in the ki n g s han d The ki n g had at
,
’

that time sti ll eighty four tho u san d years more to live ;
-

but n evertheless at the S ight of that o n e grey hair he was

fil l ed with deep emotio n He seemed to see the Ki n g of .

Death stan di n g over him o r to be cooped withi n a blazi n g ,

hut of leaves Foo l ish Ma k ha de va ! he cried ; grey

.
” “

hairs have come upo n you before you have been able to
A n d as he thought a n d
”
rid yourself of the depravities .

tho u ght about the appearan ce of his grey hair he grew ,

a fl a me withi n ; the sweat ro l led down from his body ;

whilst his raime n t oppressed him a n d seemed i n tolerab l e .

“ ”
This very day thought he I must re n oun ce the world
, ,
“

for a hermit s l ife ’

.

To his barber he gave the gran t o f a Village whi ch ,

yielded a hun dred thousan d pie ces of mo n ey He sen t fo r .

his eldest s on a n d said to him My s on grey hairs are ,

“
,

come upo n me a n d I am be come Old

, I have had my fi l l .

of human j oys a n d fain would taste the j oys di vin e ; the

,
 K ING M A K H A D EVA S GREY HAIRS
’
19

time for my re n u n ciatio n has come Take the sovereign ty .

upo n yourself ; as for me I will take up my abode in the ,

pleasaun ce calle d Ma k ha de va s Man go grove a n d there ’

-
,

tre ad the ascetic s path ’

.

A S he was thus be n t on becomi n g a hermit his ,

mi n isters drew n ear a n d said What is the reaso n sire of ,

“
, ,

”
your becomi n g a hermit ?
Taki n g the grey hair in his han d the ki n g repeated ,

this stan za to his mi n isters

L o, t he s e g re y ha irs t ha t on my he a d a pp e a r
A re D e a t h s ow n m e s se n g e rs t ha t com e t o rob
’

My l ife .
’
Ti s t i me I t u rn e d f rom w or dl y t hi n g s , l
A n d i n t he he rmi t ’
s p a t h s ou g ht sa vin g p e a ce .

An d after these words he re n oun ced his sovereign ty that ,

selfsame day a n d became a re cluse Dwelli n g in that .

very Man go grove of Ma k ha de va b e there duri n g eighty

-
,

four thousan d years fostered the Four Perfect States

withi n himself a n d dyi n g with ecstasy full a n d u n broke n
, , ,

was reborn in the Realm of Brahma Passing the n ce he .

be came a ki n g agai n in Mit hil a u n der the n ame of N I mi , ,

a n d after u n iti n g his scattered family o n ce more became ,

a hermit in that same Man go grove wi n n i n g the Four -

Perfect States a n d passi n g then ce o n ce more to the Realm

o f Brahma .

I n t he M a k hade e a S u t t a (M ajjhim a N ilca y a me st ory more B u ddha t e ll s t he sa

l
fu l y . The kin g his son , g ra n ds on , a n d g re a t g ra n dson , who is Nimi a ll re t ire from
,
-
,

l
t he w or d on se e in g a g re y ha ir The a re e r of Nimi is g i e n in t he N i m i J a t 54 1 ,
. c v -
.

in whi ch S
he is t a k e n b y a kka t o s e e t he a riou s he a e n s a n d he ll s, a s Ar u n a i s v v j
t a k e n in M b h I II ch 4 2
. . . . c
The s e n e of fi n din g t he g re y ha ir is il l us t ra t e d on t he
h h S
B a r u t t u p a, pl LV X III
2 , a n d in s rib e d M a g h
. a de vi y a fl a t a k a m
. c
I n t he Vi s hn u
'

P u ra na , Iv c
5, Nimi is on de mn e d t o e x is t wit ou t his b ody for a i n g de pri e d
. h hv v
v
Va sis htha of t he p ri il e g e of p e rformin g a sa ri e Cf D e a t hs M e sse n g e rs b y c fic . .
’

R Morris in J ou rn P a l i Te x t S oc 1 885, p 6 2 . . . .
 THE COLD HALF OF THE MONTH

O n ce on a time at the foot of a certain moun tai n there

were livi n g together in on e a n d the same cave two frien ds ,

a l io n a n d a tiger The B odhis a t t a too was l iving at the

.

foot of the same hil l as a hermit , .

No w on e day a dispute arose betwee n the two frie n ds

about the cold The tiger said it was cold in the dark
.

half of the mo n th whilst the lio n main tai n ed that it was

,

cold in the light hal f As the two of them together could .

not settle the ques tio n they put it to the B odhisa t t a He , .

repeated this stan za

I n li g ht or da rk ha l f, w he n s oe e r t he Wi n d
.
’

l
D ot h b ow, t i s co d
’
l
F or co d i s ca u s e d b y Wi n d
. l .

A n d, t he re fore , I de ci de y ou b o t h a re ri g ht .

Thus did the B odhi sa t t a make peace betwee n those

frien ds .

S J at 2 48 p 1 9 6
ee di p t
. d t imp f c t k wl dg
, .
,
on s u es ue o er e n o e e .

THE FEAST FOR THE DEAD

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in

Ben ares a brahmi n who was versed in the three Vedas
, ,

a n d world famed as a teacher bei n g mi n ded to o ffer a

-

Feast for the Dead had a goat fet ched a n d said to hi s ,

“
pupils My so n s take this goat down to the river and
, ,

bathe it ; then han g a wreath roun d its n e ck adorn it with ,

a fiv e sprayed garlan d a n d bri n g it back

-

, .
”

“
Very good said they a n d down to the river they
, ,

took the goat where they bathed a n d adorn ed the

,

creature and set it on the bank The goat becomin g .

,
 THE FEA S T F OR TH E DEAD 21

co n scious of the deeds of its past lives was overj oyed at ,

the thought that on this very day it would be freed from

all its misery a n d laughed aloud like the smashi n g of
,

a pot Then at the thought that the brahmi n by slayi n g

.

it wo u l d bear the mise ry which it had born e the goat felt ,

a great compassio n for the brahmin a n d wept with a loud ,

“ ” “
voice. Frie n d goat said the youn g brahmin s
, your ,

voice has been loud both in laughter a n d in weepi n g ;

”
what made you laugh a n d what made y ou weep ?
A s k me your questio n before your master .

So with the goat they came to their master a n d told

him of the matter After heari n g their story the master
.
,

asked the goat why it laughed a n d why it wept Hereupo n .

the animal recalli n g its past deeds by its power of remem

,

berin g its former existe n ce spoke thus to the brahmi n ,

I n times past brahmi n I like you was a brahmi n v ersed

, , , ,

in the mysti c texts o f the Vedas a n d I to o ffer a Feas t for , ,

the D ead killed a goat for my offering All through

, .

killin g that Si n gle goat I have had my head cut off five
,

hu n dred times all but on e This is my five hu n dredth a n d .

last birth ; a n d I laughed aloud when I thought that this

very day I should be freed from my misery O n the other .

han d I wept when I thought how whilst I who for killi n g

, , ,

a goat had bee n doomed to lose my head five hu n dred

times was to d ay being freed from my mis ery y ou as a
, , ,

pen alty for killing me would be doomed to lose your head

, ,

like me five hun dred times Thus it was out of co m

, .

“
pas sion for you that I wept Fear n ot goat said the .
, ,

brahmin ; I will n ot kill y ou

“
What is this you say .
,

”
b rahmin ? said the goat Whether you kill me or not .
“
,

I can not escape death to day Fear n ot goat ; I wi l l go

-
.
,

about with you to guard you Weak is your protectio n .

,
”
brahmin a n d stro n g is the force of my evil doin g
,
-
.
 22 THE FEAST FOR THE DEAD
Settin g the goat at liberty the brahmi n said to his ,

”
disciples Let us n ot all ow an yo n e to kill this goat
,

a n d a ccompan ied by the youn g m e n

,
he followed the ,

an i mal closely about The mome n t the goat was set free .
,

it rea ched ou t its n e ck to browse on the leaves of a bush

growi n g n ear the top of a ro ck A n d that very i n stan t .

a thu n derbolt struck the rock ren di n g off a mass whi ch ,

hit the goat on the outstretched n e ck a n d tore off its

head A n d people came crowdin g roun d
. .

I n those days the B o dhis a t t a had been born a tree

divi ni ty in that selfsame spot By his supern atural powers .

he n ow seated hi mself cross legged in mid air while all the - -

crowd looked on Thin ki n g to himself I f these creatures “

.
,

o n ly kn ew the fruit of evil doi n g perhaps they would desist -

from ki l li n g in h
”
i s sweet voice he taught them the Truth
,

in this stan za
I f fol k b u t k n e w t he t ru t h t ha t t he i r e x i s t e n ce
I S p a i n t he n li v i n g t hi n g s w oul d ce a s e
,

F rom t a k i n g l if e S t e rn i s t he S l a y e r s doom .
’
.

Thus did the Great Bei n g prea ch the Truth s cari n g ,

his hearers with the fear of hell ; a n d the peop l e heari n g ,

him were S O terrified at the fear of hell that they left off
,

taki n g life A n d the B odhis a t t a after estab l ishi n g the

.

multitude in the Comman dmen ts by prea chi n g the Truth

to them passed away to fare a ccordi n g to his deserts
, .

The peop l e too remai n ed steadfast in the tea chi n g o f the

, ,

B o dhis a t t a a n d spe n t their lives in charity a n d other good

works so that in the e n d they attai n ed to the City of
,

the go ds .

Th i c id t f l g h i g
e n d c yi g g ivi g i
en o t
au i q i yn t th c
an r n ,
n r se o an n u r as o e a us e ,

oc c i v l t l f V t 1 3 2 2 d 2 3 MS f d i t h H i di v i B it l
u rs n se e ra a es o e , , ,
an . .
,
an n e n er
s on a a

P hi i 1 9 Th C h dd t ja t h 5 1 4 i t l d
ac s , . e th
a cc i f f m l
a n a z ic a a , ,
s o on e o a s on o a e a e n ov e
rem mb i g t h t i
e er n f m i t c h w t h Wif f t h B dhi t t Th
a n a or er e x s en e s e as e e o e o sa a . en
rem mb i g t h t h l
e er n c d hi d t h h w p
a s e a so a us e s ea s e ee s .
 THE MONKEY S AND THE OGRE
In past times we are told there was a thick forest on
, ,

1
this spot A n d in the lake here dwelt a water ogre who
.
-

used to devour everyo n e who wen t down i n t o the water .

I n those days the B o dhisa t t a had come to life as the ki n g

of the mo n keys a n d was as big as the fawn of a red deer ;
,

he lived in that forest at the head of a troop of n o less

than eighty thousan d mo n keys whom he shield e d from
“
harm Thus did he cou n sel his subj ects : My frien ds in
.
,

this forest there are trees that are poison ous a n d lakes
that are haun ted by ogres Min d to ask me first before .

you either eat a n y fruit which y ou have n ot eate n before ,

”
or dri n k of a n y water where you have n ot dru n k before .

”
Certai n ly said they readily
, .

O n e day they came to a Spot they had n ever visited

before As they were searchin g for water to dri n k after
.

their day s wan deri n gs they came on this lake But they
’

, .

did n ot dri n k ; o n the co n trary they sat down watchi n g

for the comi n g of the B o dhisa t t a .

When he came up he said Well my frie n ds why , , , ,

”
do n t you dri n k ?
’

We waited for you to come .

Quite right my frien ds said the B odhisa t t a Then

, ,
”
.

he made a circui t of the lake a n d scruti n ized the foot ,

prin ts rou n d with the result that he foun d that all the
,

footsteps l ed dow n i n to the water a n d n o n e came up agai n .

”
Without doubt thought he to himself this is the hau n t
, ,
“

”
of a n ogre S o he said to his fol l owers You are quite “
.
,

right my frie n ds in n ot dri n ki n g of this water ; for the

, ,

”
lake is haun ted by a n ogre .

Whe n the water ogre realised that they were n ot e n ter

-

in g his domai n he assumed the shape of a horrible

,

Th v ill g f N l k pa1
R dw t e a e o a a a n a, ee -
a er .
24 THE MONKEYS AND THE OGRE
mon ster wi th a blue belly a white face a n d bright red , ,
-

han ds a n d feet in this shape he came out from the water ,

a n d said Why are you seated here ? Go down i n to the

,
“

lake a n d dri n k But the B o dhis a t t a said to him Are

.
”
,
“

n ot y ou the ogre of this water ? Yes I am was the , ,

an swer Do y ou take as your prey all those who go

.
“

”
down i n to thi s water ? Yes I do ; from smal l birds “
,

upwards I n ever let a n ythi n g g o whi ch comes down i n to

,

my water I wi l l eat the lot of you too

. But we Shall .
“

” ”
n ot let you eat us Just dri n k the water Yes we “ “
.
.
,

wil l drin k the water a n d yet n ot fall i n to your power ,

.

“
H o w do you propose to dri n k the water the n ? Ah “
,

you thi n k we shall have to go down i n to the water to

dri n k ; whereas we shall n o t e n ter the water at a ll but ,

the whole eighty thousan d of us will take a reed each

a n d dri n k there with from your lake as easi l y as we could

through the hollo w stal k of a lotus A n d so you will n ot .

be able to eat us An d he repeated the latter half of the

.

followi n g stan za (the first half bei n g added by the Mas t er

whe n as B u ddha he recal led the i n ciden t )
, ,

I fou n d t he foot p ri n t s a ll l e a d dow n n on e b a ck

,
.

Wi t h re e ds we ’
ll dri n k ; y ou sha ll n ot t a k e my li fe .

So sayi n g the B odhis a t t a had a reed brought to him

, .

The n calli n g to mi n d the T e n Per fectio n s displayed by

,

1
him he recited them in a solem n asseveratio n a n d blew
, ,

down the reed S t raightway the reed became hollow .

throughout withou t a si n gle kn ot b ei n g left in all its

,

le n gth I n this fashion he had a n other a n d an other

.

brought and ble w down them (But if this were so he .

,

coul d n ever have fi n ished ; a n d a ccordi n gl y the foregoi n g

n n —
se te ce must n ot be un derstood in this literal se n se )— .

l ly m d th t I f t hi i d wi t h i t mi cl i t t l y
1 “
L it t
e ra a e ati ru -
ac . s s on e n en on , a ra e n s an

foll ows . C f pp 1 7 , 6 9 , & c

. . .
 THE GUILTY DOGS
O n ce on a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the result of a past act of the B odhis a t t a was
,

that he came to l i fe as a dog a n d dwe l t in a great cemetery ,

at the head of severa l hun dred dogs .

Now on e day the ki n g set o u t for his pleasaun ce in his

,

chariot of state dra wn by White S in dh horses a n d after ,

amusin g himself all the day in the groun ds came ba ck to

the city after sun set The carriage harn ess they left in
.
-

the courtyard stil l hit ched on to the chariot I n the

,
.

n ight it rai n ed a n d the harn ess got wet Moreover the .

,

’
ki n g s dogs came down from the upper chambers a n d
gn awed the leather work a n d straps Next day they told .

the ki n g sayin g Sire dogs have got in through the

, , ,

mouth of the sewer a n d have gn awed the leather work

a n d straps o f your maj esty s carriage
”
E n raged at the ’
.

dogs the ki n g said Kill every dog you s e e The n began

, ,
“
.

a great slaughter of dogs ; a n d the creatures fin di n g that ,

they were bei n g S l ai n whe n ever they were see n repaired ,

to the cemetery t o the B o dhis a t t a What is the mean i n g .

,

”
asked he of yo u r assemb l i n g in such n umbers ?
,
“
They
“
said The ki n g is s o e n raged at the report that the
,

leather work a n d straps of hi s carriage have been gn awed

by dogs within the roya l pre ci n cts that he has ordered al l ,

dogs to be ki l led Dogs are bei n g destroyed wholesal e

.
,

a n d great peril has ari se n

”
.

Thought the B odhis a t t a to himself No dogs from ,

“

without ca n get i n to a place so C l osely watched ; it must

be the thorough bred dogs i n side the pal a ce who have
-

do n e it At prese n t n othi n g happe n s to the real culprits

.
,

while the guiltl ess are bei n g put to death What if I .

were to dis cover the culprits to the ki n g a n d s o save the

 THE GUILTY D OGS 27

lives of my kith a n d k in ? He comforted his ki n sfolk by

sayin g Have n o fear ; I will save y ou O n ly wait here
,
“
.

till I see the ki n g .

Then g u ided by the thoughts of love a n d cal l i n g t o

, ,

mi n d the T e n Perfe ctio n s he made his way alo n e a n d ,

un atten ded i n to the city comman din g thus Let n o han d , ,

“

”
be lifted to throw stick o r sto n e at me A ccordin gly .
,

whe n he made his appearan ce n ot a m a n grew an gry at ,

the sight O f him .

The k i n g mean time aft er orderi n g the dogs destru o

,
’

tio n had take n his seat in the hall of j usti ce A n d straight

, .

to him ra n the B o dhis a t t a leapin g un der the ki n g s thro n e ,

’
.

The kin g s servan ts tried to get him ou t ; but his maj esty
’

stopped them Taki n g heart a litt l e the B o dhis a t t a came

.
,

forth from u n der the thro n e a n d bow n to the ki n g said , , ,

I S it you who are havin g the dogs destroyed ? Y e s it

“
,

What is their o ffe n ce kin g of m e n ?

” “ ”
is I. They have ,

bee n gn awi n g the straps a n d the leather coveri n g my

D O you kn ow the dogs who a ctually did the
”
carriage
“
.

”
mischief ? No I do n ot
“
But your maj esty if y ou do
,
.
“
, ,

n ot k n ow for certai n the real culprits it is n o t right to ,

”
order the destru ction of every dog that is see n I t was .

be cause dogs had gn awed the leather of my carriage that

”
I ordered them all to be k illed Do your people ki l l .
“

all dogs Wi thout exceptio n ; or are there some dogs who

are spared ? S ome are spared — the thorough bred ,
-

dogs of my own pal a ce Sire j ust n ow you were sayin g

.
,

that y o u had ordered the un iversal slaughter of al l dogs

Wherever foun d be cause dogs had g n awed the l eather of
,

your carriage ; whereas n o w y ou say that the thorough , ,

bred dogs of your own palace escape death Therefore y ou .

are fol l owi n g the four Evil Courses of partiality di slike , ,

ign oran ce a n d fear S uch courses are wro n g a n d n ot

. ,
28 THE GUILTY DOG S
ki n glike F or ki n gs in tryin g cases should be as un biassed
.

as the beam of a bal an ce But in this in stan ce si n ce the .

,

royal dogs go se ct free whilst poor dogs are killed this -

, ,

is n ot the impartial doom of all dogs al ike but o n ly the ,

slaughter of poor dogs An d moreover the Great Bei n g .

, ,

lifting up his sweet voi ce said Sire it is n ot j usti ce that , ,

“
,

”
you are performin g a n d he taught the Truth to the ,

ki n g in this stan za :
T he dog s t ha t i n t he roy a l p a l a ce g row ,

The w e ll b re d dog s s o s t ron g a n d f a i r of f orm

-

, ,

N ot t he s e , b u t on ly w e , a re doome d t o di e .

H e re ’
s no im p a rt i a l s e n t e n ce me t e d ou t

li k e ; t is s l a u g ht e r of t he p oor
To a ll a
’
.

After liste n i n g t o the B odhis a t t a s wor ds the ki n g ’

“
said D O you in your wisdom kn ow who it a ctually was
,

that g awed the leather of my carriage

n ? Yes Sire ,
.

“ ”
Who was it ? The thorough bred dogs that live in
“
-

your own palace How ca n it be shewn that it was

.
“

”
they who gn awed the leather ? I wil l prove it to y ou .

“
Do s o sage , The n sen d for your dogs a n d have a
.
,

littl e butter milk a n d kusa gras s brought in

-
The ki n g -
.
”

did so .

Then said the Great Bei n g Let this grass be mashed ,

u p in the butter mil k a n d make the dogs dri n k it

”
-
.
,

The ki n g di d so —with the result that each several

dog as he dran k vomited A n d they all brought up bits
, , .

of leather ! Why it is like a j udgme n t of a Perfect

“

Buddha himself cried the ki n g overj oyed a n d he did

,
”

homage t o the B odhis a t t a by o fferin g him the roya l

umbrell a A n d t he B o dhis a t t a taught the Truth in the
.

t e n sta n zas on righteousn ess in the Te s a k u n a J a taka 1 -

beginn i n g with the words :

Wa l k ri g ht e ou s ly g re a t k in g of p ri n ce ly ra ce , .

1
No 52 1
. .
 THE DI S CONTENTED OX 29

The n havi n g established the kin g in the Five Com

m a n dm e n t s a n d havi n g e x horted his maj esty to be
,

steadfast the B o dhis a t t a han ded back t o the ki n g the

,

white umbrella of kin gship .

’
At the close of the Great Being s words the ki n g ,

comman ded that the lives of all creatures should be safe

from harm He ordered that all dogs from the B o dhis a t t a
. ,

down wards should have a cons tan t supply of food su ch

,

as he himself ate ; a n d abidin g by the teachin gs of the ,

B o dhisa t t a he Spe n t his life lo n g in charity a n d other

,

good deeds s o that when he di ed he was r e born in the

,
’
world of gods The Dog s Tea chi n g e n dured for t e n ‘ ’

thousan d years The B o dhisa t t a also lived t o a ripe

.

ol d age a n d the n passed away to fare a ccordi n g to his

,

deserts .

Ti b T x x x rx Th G il t y D g
. . I .J a t 5 4 6 p r b ] 2 t h t h ft f c t t l i
e u o s . n .
,
o .
,
e e o a e s

di c v d b y th
s o e re m m I Ti b T VIII ( v ri t f J a t 54 6 )
e sa e ean s . n g i . . . a a an o . a ro u e s

c v ict d i t he m m
on e n t sa P b l m 2 f Th N i t
e P bl m
a n n e r, se e n o e on ro e o e n e ee n ro e s .

THE DI S CONTENTED OX
O n ce on a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in ,

Ben ares the B o dhisa t t a came to life as a n ox n amed

, ,

Big Red on the lan down er s estate in a certai n hamlet

,
’
.

An d he had a youn ger brother who was kn ow n as Little

Red There were o n ly these two brothers to do all the
.

draught work of the family Also the lan down er had

-
.
,

a n o n ly daughter whose ha n d was asked in marriage for

,

his son by a gen tleman of the town An d the pare n ts .

of the girl with a View to furn ishin g dai n ty fare for the
,

weddi n g guests began to fatten up a pig n amed M u n ik a

, .

Observin g this Little Red said to his brother Al l , ,

“

the loads that have to be drawn for this household are

 ’

30 THE PEACOCK S WOOING

drawn by you a n d me my brother ; but all they give us ,

for our pai n s is sorry grass a n d straw to eat Yet here is .

the pig bein g Victuall ed o n ri ce ! What ca n be the reaso n

”
why he Shoul d be treated to su h fare c ?

Said his brother My dear Little Red e n vy him n ot ;

,
“
,

for the pig eats the food of death I t is but to furn ish .

’
a relish fe r the guests at their daughter s weddin g that ,

the family are feedi n g up the pig Wait but a littl e time .

a n d the guests wi l l be comi n g The n wil l you see that .

pig lugged out of his quarters by the legs kil l ed a n d in , ,

process of co n versio n i n to curry A n d so savi n g he .

,

repeated this stan za

The n e n v y n ot p oor M u ni k a ; t i s de a t h ’

He e at s Con t e n t e d m u n ch y ou r f ru g a l cha fi
.
,

— The p l e dg e a n d g u a ra n t e e of l e n g t h of da y s .

No t lo n g afterwards the guests did arrive ; a n d M u n ik a

wa s killed a n d cooked i n to all man n er o f dishes Said .

the B o dhis a t t a to Little Red Did y ou s e e M u n ik a dear , ,

”
brother ? I have i n deed see n brother the outcome of
“
, ,

M u n ik a s feasti n g Bet t er a hun dred n a y a t housan d

’
.
, ,

times than su ch food is ours though it be but grass straw , , ,

and cha ff — for our fare harms us n ot a n d is a p l edge ,

”
that ou r lives will n ot be cu t short .

V i t f Jat 2 86
ar a n o d cl.
p ll l t t h Mid
an a h t y giv i t heI t
os e a ra e o e ra s s or en n n ro

d ct i
u on ,p 8 Cf B f E i l p 2 2 9 J c b 6 9
. . . en . n . .
,
a o s .

THE PEACOCK S WOOING ’

O n ce on a time in the first cy cle of the world s history

,
’

the quadrupeds chose the Lio n as their ki n g the fishes ,

the mo n ster fish A n an da a n d the birds the Go l den Mal

-

1
lard Now the Ki n g Golde n Mal lard had a lovely youn g
.

1
Cf No 2 7 0, p 2 1 3
. . . .
 ’
THE PEACOC K S WOOING 31

daughter a n d her royal father gran ted her a n y boo n she

,

might ask The boo n she asked for was to be allowed to

.

choose a husban d for herself ; a n d the ki n g in fulfilme n t

of his promise mustered all the birds together in the

cou n try of the Himalayas All ma n n er of bird s came

.
,

mallards peacocks a n d all other birds ; a n d they flocked

,

together on a great plateau of bare rock The n the ki n g .

se n t for his daughter a n d bade her go a n d choose a

husban d after her own heart As she reviewed the crowd .

of birds her eye lighted on the peacock with his n eck of

,

j e we l l e d shee n a n d tail of varied hue ; a n d she chose him ,

sayi n g L et this be my husban d

,
“
The n the assembly
.

of the birds we n t up to the peacock a n d said

“
Frie n d
,

peacock this pri n cess in choosin g her husban d from

, ,

among all these birds has fixed her choi ce on you

,
.

Carried away by his extreme joy the pea cock ex ,

claimed U n til this day you have n ever see n how a ctive
,
“

I am a n d in defian ce o f all dece n cy in the midst o f the

assembly he S pread his wi n gs a n d began to dan ce — a n d

in dan ci n g he exposed himsel f .

Filled with shame Ki n g Golden Mallard said This

, ,
“

fello w has n either modesty withi n his heart nor dece n cy

in his outward behaviour ; I certai n ly will n ot give my
daughter to on e so Shameless A n d there in the midst
.

of all that assembly of the birds b e repeated this stan za ,

A p l e a s i n g n ot e i s y ou rs a l ov e l y b a ck
, ,

A n e ck i n hu e l i k e l a p i s l a z ul i ;
A f a t hom s l e n g t h y ou r ou t s t re t che d f e a t he rs re a ch
’
.

Wit ha l y ou r da n cin g l os e s y ou m y chi l d

, .

Right in the fa ce of the whole gatherin g Ki n g Royal

Mallard gave his daughter to a you n g mallard a n ephew ,

of his . Covered with Shame at the loss of the mal l ard

prin cess the peacock rose straight up from the place and
,
32 THE F OWLE R AND THE QUA I LS
fled away An d K in g Golde n Mallard too wen t back to
.

hi s dwelli n g place -
.

Ti b T. . mm . The P ea cock a s B r ideg room .

The st ory of H ippocl ide s in Hdt . VI . 12 9 . Cf B e n f E i n l

. . . 9 8 ff , Jc
a ob s 7 0,
H a us ra t h . Figu re d on t he B h h ar u t S t p pl
u a, . x x vn . 11 .

THE FOWLER AND THE QUA I LS

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hm a da t t a was ki n g of
Be n ares the B odhisa t t a was born a quail a n d lived in the
, ,

forest at the head of man y thousan ds of quails I n those .

days a fowler who caught quails came to that pla ce ; a n d

he used to imitate the n ote of a quail till he saw that the
birds had been drawn together whe n he flun g his n e t ,

over them a n d whipped the Sides of the net together

, ,

so as to get them a ll huddled up in a heap Then he .

crammed them into his basket a n d goi n g home sold ,

his prey for a livi n g .

Now on e day the B o dhisa t t a said to those quails This ,

“

fowler is maki n g havoc amo n g ou r kin sfolk I have a .

devi ce whereby he wi ll be un able to catch us Hen cefort h .

,

the very momen t he throws the n e t over you let each on e ,

put his head through a mesh a n d the n all of you together

must fly away with the n e t to such p l ace as you please ,

a n d there let it dow n on a thorn brake ; this do n e we -

,
”
will all escape from ou r several meshes Very good .
“
,
”

said they all in ready agreeme n t .

On t he morrow when the n e t was cast over them they

, ,

did j ust as the B o dhis a t t a had told t he m z— they l ift ed

up the n e t a n d let it down o n a thorn brake es capi n g
,
-
,

themselves from un dern eath While the fowler was still .

dise n tan glin g his n e t eve n i n g came on ; a n d he wen t away

,

empty han ded O n the morrow a n d followi n g day s the

-
.
34 THE OLDEST OF THE A NIMAL S
Sure e n ough the fowler came ba ck agai n a fe w days
later a n d first co l le cti n g them together by imitati n g the
,

n ote o f a q u a il fl u n g his n e t over them Then said on e

, .

quail They say whe n you were at work lift i n g the n e t

,
“

the hair of your head fell O ff Now s your time ; lift away ’
.

The other rej o in ed When y ou were lifti n g the n e t they ,

“
,

say both your wi n gs moulted Now s your time ; l ift .

’

”
away .

But whilst they were ea ch i n viti n g the other to lift

the net the fowler himself lifted the n e t fo r them a n d
,

crammed them in a heap i n to his basket a n d bore them

o ff home so that his wife s face was wreathed with smiles
’
.
,

J l i 4 1 i cl t t t h j a t k Th h t f l l w t h b i d fl yi g w y wi t h
u en s os e s o e a a . e un er o o s e r s n a a

th t
e ne t il ig h t f ll w h
un t h y l ig h t i diff
n t di c t i
a ,
en e a n e re n re on s .

F m ra t y f P I L H it p I S m L XI (ii
e s or o K D (Sy ) I L (A b )
.
,
b t i o o . . . . n ,
ra VI L, u n

thi th b i d
s e t f by
r s a re se m w hi ch g w th t B b 10 7 b l
re e d a ou se na s e ne a r .
,
ou s e a n

L i on i n net ) .

In M bh . XII . 1 3 8, S om . XXX II
mou se fre e s a ca t
I . 100 (i . K D . .
( Sy n ) ch . v .
,
a ,

h
b u t w a it s u n t il t he u n t e r is n e a r so t a t t he ca t ha s n o t ime t o do a rm I n t he
,
h h .

v a ri a n t P ( T ) . I 1 1 (B ) 1
. II
u ppl .
, ,
S
t he b irds e s a pe b y fe ign in g de a t B y t he v c h .

vc
sa me de i e a de e r e s a pe s in at 16 c
The re s t of t he fra me st ory of P ( row J . . . c ,

mou se , a n d a n t e l op e ) is J a t 2 0 6 , p 1 7 1 . . .

THE OLDEST OF THE AN I MALS

O n ce on a time hard by a great ban yan tree on the ,
-

slopes of the Hima l ayas there dwelt three frie ds a n —

, ,

partridge a mo n key a n d a n elephan t A n d they came

, , .

t o la ck respe ct a n d subordi n atio n o n e to an other a n d ,

had n o orderi n g of their commo n life A n d the thought .

came to them that it was n o t seem l y for them to live in

this way a n d that they ought to fin d o u t whi ch of their
,

n umber was the se n i or a n d to ho n our him .

A S they were e n gaged thi n ki n g whi ch was the o l dest ,

on e day a n idea stru ck them Said the partridge a n d .

 THE OLDE S T OF T HE ANIMALS
the mo n key to the elephan t as they al l three sat together
at the foot of that ban yan tree Frie n d elephan t ho w -
, ,

”
big was this ban yan whe n you remember it first ? Said
the elephan t Whe n I was a baby this ban yan was a
, ,

mere b u sh over whi ch I used to walk ; a n d a s I stood

,

astride of it its topmost bran ches used j ust to reach up

,

to my belly I ve kn own the tree Si n ce it was a mere

.
’

bush .

Next the mo n key was asked the same questio n by the

other two ; a n d he replied My frie n ds when I was a ,
“
,

youn gli n g I had o n ly to stretch out my n eck as I sat on

,

the groun d a n d I could eat the topmost sprouts of this

,

ban yan S o I ve kn own this ban yan si n ce it was very ti n y

.
’
.

The n the partridge was asked the same questio n by

the two others ; a n d he said Frie n ds of old there was ,
“
,

a great ban yan tree at such a n d such a spot ; I ate its

-

seeds a n d voided them here ; that was the origin of this

,

tree Therefore I have kn owledge of this tree fro m

.
,
”
be fore it was born a n d am older than the pair of y o u ,
.

Hereupo n the mo n key a n d the elephan t said to the

sage partridge Frie n d you are the oldest Hen ceforth
, ,
.

you shall have from us a cts of ho n our a n d ve n eratio n ,

marks of obeisan ce a n d homage respect of word a n d ,

deed salutatio n a n d all due homage ; a n d we will follow

, ,

your coun sels Y ou for your part hen ceforth will please
.

impart such coun sel as we n eed .

Then ceforth the partridge gave them coun se l a n d ,

established them in the Comman dme n ts whi ch he also ,

un dertook himself to keep Bein g thus estab l ished in .

the Comman dme n ts a n d becomin g respe ctful a n d sub ,

ordin ate amo n g themselves with proper orderi n g O f their ,

c ommo n l ife these three made themselves sure of re birth

,
-

in heave n at this life s close

’
.
36 THE CRANE AND THE CRAB
Vin a y a II .
p 16 1
. xx . p . Tib . T . XXI V .
,
J u l ie n 77 . I n t he R a m a
y a n a , U t t a ra k a n da, ch . 7 2 (t ra n s l . b y M N Du t t ), Ra ma de ide s
. . c a dis pu t e b e t we e n
a v
ul t u re a n d a n ow l as t o t he ow n e rs hi p of a n e st . The v ul t u re c l a ims t o h a ve b e en
li vi ng in t he c m ki d w fi t b n e st Th
s inwl y th t th
e ant w n as rs orn . e o sa s a e nes as

m d a t ill
e s li wh th th w
e a r e r, fi t d d wi t h t en C G d i
e e ar as rs a orn e re e s . . ar n er n

F lk l
o J N 2 9 ff gi v
ore . M g li . t l f w lf
. d f wh fi d
es a S ki f on o an a e o a o an a ox , o n a n o

f t
a ,
d d ci d t h t t h
an e ld h ll t it Th w l f y t h t wh h w
e a e e er s a ea . e o sa s a en e as a

you ng t Mt S m
s er w b t cl t f t h i b g Th f w p b
u e ru as hu a o o e ar n a o . e ox ee s, e ca us e e

h d tw c b
a o d th y u g w j t t h g f t h w l f Cf C l t
s, a n e oun 9 0 ff er as us e a e o e o . . ou s on , I I .
,

C w ll Y Cy mm d
o e ,
1 88 2 p 1 6 9 H t h c mp
ro or,th A pic f b l f th , . . a u s ra o a re s e eso a e o e

c t d l k wh w l d t h
re s e ar ,
ll b i g o v t h t h t h d wh h
as o er an a e n s, e en an e e ar ,
an en er

f th
a di d h vi g
er e th , pl c fa g v
n b i d him i
no h w
o h d er a e or a ra e, ur e n er o n ea .

A rist oph, B i rds, 4 7 1 ff , cf . The ocr , I d

N a t X VI 5 , in . . VI I . 23 . A e lia n , D e A n . . .

h
re fe re n ce t o t is g i e s a n I n dia n on e v
A n I n dia n k in g ha d t re e son s, t he t w o e l de r . h
h
of W om p e rse u t e t e ir pa re n t s c h
The pa re n t s fl e e w it t he y ou n g e s t s on , who a t . h
h h h
t e ir de a t b u ri e s t e m in i mse l f, u t t in g ope n his e a d Wit a s word h The S u n in c h h .

a d mira t ion t u rn s h i m in t o a oopoe h

B ot t e s e t a l e s g i e a n e x pl a n a t ion of t he . h h v
b ird s re st
’
c . h ‘
hv
T e y a ppe a r t o a e lit t l e b e a rin g on t he u e s t ion of t he priorit y of ’
q
Gre e k fa b l e .

THE CRANE AND THE CRAB

O n ce on a time the B o dhisa t t a came to li fe in a certai n
forest hau n t as the divin ity of a tree whi ch stood n ear a
-

certai n lotus po n d I n those days the water used every

-
.

summer t o fall very l ow in a cert ain po n d n ot very big , ,

— which was p l e n tifu lly stocked with fish Cat chi n g sight .

of these fish a cert ai n cra n e said to himself I must fin d

, ,
“

a way to caj ole a n d eat these fish S O he we n t a n d sat .

down in deep thought by the side of the water .

Now whe n the fishes caught S ight of him they said , ,

”
Of what are y ou thi n ki n g my lord as you s it there ? , ,

I am thin ki n g about you was the rep l y An d what

” “
.
,

is your lordship thi n ki n g about us ? The water in this ” “

poo l bei n g low food s car ce a n d the heat i n te n se I was , , ,

-

wo n deri n g to myself as I sa t here what in the world you , ,

”
fishes woul d do A n d what are we to do my lord ? .
,

Wel l if you ll take my advi ce I will take you up on e by

,
’

,
 THE CRANE AND THE CRAB 7

on e inmy beak a n d carry you all off to a fin e large pool

,

c overed with t he five varieties of lotuses a n d there put ,

you down My lord said they n o cran e ever took

.
, ,

the slightest thought for fishes sin ce the world began .

Your desire is to eat us on e by on e No ; I will n ot eat .

” “ ’
you while y ou trust me said the cran e If y ou do n t
,
.

take my word that there is su ch a po n d sen d on e of your ,

number t o go with me a n d see for himself Believi n g .

the cran e the fish prese n ted t o him a great big fish (bli n d
,

of o n e eye by the way ) who they thought would be a

, ,

mat ch for the cran e whether afloat or ashore ; a n d they

’
said Here s the on e to go with y ou
, .

The cran e took the fish off a n d put him in the pool ,

a n d after Shewi n g him the whole exte n t of it brought him ,

ba ck agai n a n d put him in alo n g with t he other fish in his

ol d po n d A n d he held forth to them on the charms of
.

the n e w pool .

Aft er hearin g this report they g rew eager t o go there , ,

a n d said to the cran e Very good my lord ; please take “

, ,

us a cross .

First of all t he cran e took that big o n e eyed fish again

,
-

a n d carried him o ff to the edge of the pool so that he ,

could see the water but a ctually alighted in a Varan a tree

,
-

which g rew on the ban k D ashi n g the fish down in a fork .

o f the tree he pe e k e d it to death — after whi ch he pi cked

, ,

him clean a n d let the bo n es fall at the foot of the tree .

’ ’
Then back he we n t a n d said I ve thrown him in ; who s ,
“

”
the n ext ? A n d so he took the fish on e by on e a n d ate ,

them all till at last whe n he came back he could n ot fin d

, ,

an other left But there was still a crab remai n i n g in the

.

po n d ; s o the cra n e who wa n ted to eat him up too said

, , ,

Mister crab I ve take n all those fishes away a n d turn ed

,
’

them i n to a fin e large pool covered all over with lotuses .

38 THE CRANE AND THE CRAB
Come alon g ; I ll take you t oo How wil l y ou carry
’
.

me across ? said the crab ”

Why in my beak to be .
“
, ,

sure said the cran e

,
Ah but you might drop me like .
,

“ ’
that said the crab ; I wo n t go with you
,
D on t be “ ’
.

frighten ed ; I l l keep tight hold of you a l l the way

’
.

Thought the crab t o himself He hasn t put the fish in “ ’

the pool But if he would really put me in that woul d

.
, ,

—
be capital If he does n ot why I ll n ip his head off a n d ’
.
, ,

“ ’
ki l l him So he Spoke thus t o the cran e You d n ever be
.
,

able to hold me tight e n ough frie n d cran e ; whereas w e ,

crabs have got a n asto n ishi n gly tight grip I f I might .

take hold of your n eck with my claws I could hold it ,

”
tight a n d the n would go alo n g with y ou .

Not suspecti n g that the crab wa n ted to tri ck him the ,

cran e gave his assen t With his cl aws the crab gripped .

hold of the cran e s n e ck as with the pi n cers of a smith

’

No w y o u ca n start
”
a n d said , The cran e took him .

a n d shewed him the pool first a n d the n started o ff fo r ,

the tree .

The pool lies this way un cle said the crab ; but , ,
“

’
you re takin g me the other way Very mu ch your dear “

u n cle am I ! said the cran e ; a n d very much my n ephew

are y ou ! I suppose you thought me yo u r Slave to l ift y ou
u
p a n d carry y o u about ! Just cast your eye on that heap
of bo n es at the foot of the tree ; as I ate up a l l those fi s h ,

so I will eat you t oo Said the crab I t was through .

,
“

their own fo l ly that those fis h were eaten by you ; but I

’
shan t give you the chan ce of eati n g me No ; what I .

S ha l l do is to kil l ou For: y ou fool that y ou were did

, y .
, ,

n o t see that I was tricki n g you I f we die we wi ll both .

,
’
die together ; I ll chop your head cl ean off A n d so .

sayi n g he gripped the cran e s weazan d with his claws as ’

with pi n cers With his mouth wide open a n d tears

.
,
 THE HAUGHTY S LAVE 39

streami n g from his eyes the cra n e trembli n g for his life , , ,

said Lord i n deed I will n ot eat you ! Spare my life !

,
“
,

We ll the n j ust step do wn to the pool a n d put me

, ,

in ,
said the crab The n the cran e turn ed ba ck a n d .

stepped down as directed to the pool a n d placed the ,

crab on the mud at the water edge But the crab before ,
-
.
,

e n teri n g the water n ipped off the cra n e s head as deftly ,

’

as if he were cu t ti n g a lotus stal k with a kn ife .

The divi n ity who dwelt in the tree marki n g this ,

wo n derful thi n g m ade the whole forest ri n g with applause ,

repeati n g this stan za in sweet to n es

G u il e p ro fi t s n ot y ou r v e ry g u i l e f u l f ol k .

Ma rk w ha t t he g u i l e fu l cra n e g ot from t he cra b !

P .
(T ) . I . 5 , S om L . X . 7 8 (ii . K D . .
(Syn ) I 5 (Ara b ) v
.
,
. A mu t il a t e d v e rs ion

in Jat . 236 . I n A e so p (H a l m 4 1 9 ,
Ba b r . 1 15 ) a n e a g l e t a k e s a t ort oise upto tea c hi t
t o fly . I n P ha e dr . II . 6 in orde r to kill it . Cf . J at . 2 1 5, p . 1 78 .

THE HAUGHTY SLAVE

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the B o dhisa t t a came to life again as a lan down er
, .

An other lan dow n er a frie n d of his was a n Old ma n him , ,

self but had a you n g wife who had born e him a s on a n d

,

heir Said the old m a n to himself As soo n as I am

.
,
“

dead this girl bei n g so youn g as S he is will marry heave n

, , ,

kn ows whom a n d spe n d al l my mo n ey in stead of han di n g

, ,

it over to my s on Would n t it be my best course to bury .

’

”
my mo n ey safe l y in the grou n d ?
So in the compan y of a household slave of his n amed
,

Nan da he wen t to the forest a n d buried his ri ches at a

,

ce rtai n spot sayi n g to the sl ave My good Nan da reveal “

, , ,

this treasure to my son after I am go n e a n d do n t let the ,

’

wood be sold .
40 THE HAUGHTY S LAVE
After givi n g this i n jun ction to his slave the old ma n ,

died I n due course the s on grew up a n d his mother

.
,

said to him My s on your father in the compan y of

,
“
, ,

Nan da buried his mo n ey G e t it back a n d look after the

,
.

”
property of the family So on e day he said to Nan da .
,
”
U n cl e is there a n y treasure which my father buried ?
,
” ”
Yes my lord
,
Where is it buried ? . I n the forest“ “
,

”
my l ord Well the n l et us go there
. An d he took a
, , .

Spade a n d a basket a n d goin g to the s ce n e said to , ,

”
Nan da We l l un cl e where s the mo n ey ? But by the
,
“
, ,
’

time Nan da had got up to the treas u re a n d was stan di n g

right over it he was so puffed up by the mo n ey that he
,

’
abused his master sayi n g Y ou servan t of a slave we n ch s , ,
-

”
s on ! how sho ul d you have a n y mo n ey here ?

The youn g ge n tl eman prete n di n g n ot to have heard ,

”
thi s i n sole n ce simp l y said Let us be goi n g the n a n d
, ,
“
,

took t he slave back home with him Two o r three days .

later he return ed to the place ; but agai n Nan da abused

,

hi m as before Without a n y abusive rej oi n der the youn g

, .
,

ge n tleman came ba ck a n d turn ed the matter over in hi s

mi n d Thought he to himself At starti n g this Slave
.
,
“
,

al ways mean s to reveal where the mo n ey is ; but n o soo n er

does he get there than he fal ls to abusi n g me The ,
.

reaso n of this I do n ot s e e ; but I co u ld fin d ou t if I

were to a sk my father s ol d fri e n d the lan down er So ’

, .

he we n t to the B odhis a t t a a n d l a yi n g the whole b u si n ess ,

before him asked his frie n d what wa s the real reaso n of

such behavi our .

Said the B odhisa t t a The spot at which Nan da stan ds ,

to abuse you my frien d is the p l a ce where your father s

, ,
’

mo n ey is buried Therefore as soo n as he starts abusi n g .

,

y o u agai n say to him Whom are y ou talki n g to you

, ,
‘
,

s l ave ? Pull him from his pe ch take the spade dig

’

, ,
42 THE PIGEON AND THE CROW
even in g saw the B o dhisa t t a come home a n d go in to the
kit chen Ah ! thought he I ca n man age it through
.
“
,
“

the pigeo n .

S O back he came n ext day at dawn a n d whe n the , ,

B o dhisa t t a sal lied out in quest of food kept followi n g ,

him about from p l a ce to p l ace like his shadow So the .

B odhisa t t a said
”
Why do y ou keep with me frien d ? ,
“
,

”
My lord an swered the crow your demean our has
“
, ,

w on my admiratio n ; a n d he n ceforth it is my wish to

follow you But your ki n d of food a n d mi n e frien d
.
“
, ,

are n ot the same said the B odhis a t t a you wi l l be hard

,

”
put to it if you atta ch yourself to me My l ord said .
“
,

the crow when you are seekin g your food I wi l l feed

,
“
,

t o o by your Side
, S o be it the n said the B o dhisa t t a ; , ,

on ly y ou must be earn est An d with this admo n ition .

to the crow the B o dhis a t t a ran ged about pe cki n g up

,

grass seeds ; whil st the other we n t about turn i n g over

-

cowdu n g a n d pi cki n g o u t the i n se cts u n dern eath ti ll he

had got his fill The n back he came to the B o dhisa t t a .

a n d remarked My l ord you give too much time to “

, ,

”
eati n g ; ex cess therei n Should be shun n ed .

A n d whe n the B o dhisa t t a had fed a n d rea ched home

agai n at eve n i n g in flew the crow with him i n to the ,

kit che n .

Why ou r bird has brought an other home with him

,

ex claimed the cook a n d hun g up a se co n d basket for the ,

crow A n d from that time o n ward the two birds dwelt

.

together in the kitche n .

Now on e day the g il dm a st e r had in a store of fish

whi ch the cook hu n g up about the kit che n Fi l led with .

greedy lo n gi n g at the Sight the crow made up his mi n d ,

to stay at home n ext day a n d treat himself to this ex

ce l l e n t fare .
 THE PIGEON AND THE CROW 43

So all the n ight lo n g he lay groan i n g away ; a n d n ext

day when the B odhis a t t a was starti n g in sear ch of food
, ,

”
a n d cried Come alo n g frie n d crow the crow rep l ied
, , , ,

“
Go without me my lord ; for I have a pai n in my
,

stom ach Frie n d a n swered the B odhis a t t a I n ever

.
“
,
”
,
“

heard of crows havi n g pai n s in their stomachs before .

True crows feel fai n t in ea ch of the three n ight watches ;

,
-

but if they eat a lamp wi ck their hun ger is appeased for -

,

the mome n t You must be han keri n g after the fish in

.

’
the kit che n here Come n ow man s food will n ot agre e
.
,

with y ou D o not give way like this but come a n d seek

.
,

your food with me I n deed I am n ot able my lord

.
“
, , ,

said the crow Well your own co n duct will shew said
.
“
, ,

the B odhisa t t a O n ly fall n ot a prey t o gree d but stan d

.
“
,

”
steadfast A n d with this exhortatio n away he flew to
.
,

fin d his daily food .

The cook took several ki n ds of fish a n d dressed some ,

o n e way some a n other Then lifti n g the lids off his

, .

saucepan s a little to let the steam ou t he put a cola n der ,

on the t op o f on e a n d we n t outside the door where he ,

stood wipi n g the sweat from his brow Just at that .

’
mome n t o u t popped the crow s head from the basket .

A glan ce told him that the cook was away a n d Now or , ,

”
never thought he is my time The o n ly questio n is
, , .

”
shal l I choose min ced meat or a big lump ? Argui n g
that it takes a lo n g time to make a full meal of mi n ced
meat he resolved to take a large pie ce of fish a n d sit a n d
,

eat it in his basket S O ou t he flew a n d alighted on the

.

”
co l an der Click we n t the colan der
. .

”
“
What ca n that be ? said the cook run n i n g in on ,

hearin g the n oise Seein g the crow he cried Oh there s

.
, ,
“
,
’

that rascal ly cro w wan ti n g to eat my master s di n n er ’

.

I have to work for my master n ot for that rascal ! What s ,

’
44 THE F OOLI S H FRIEND
“

he to me I sho u l d like to kn ow ? So first shutti n g the

, ,

door he caught the crow a n d plu cked every feather o ff

,

his body The n he poun ded up gin ger with salt a n d

.
,

cumi n a n d mixed in sour butter mi l k — fin a l l y sousi n g the -

,

crow in the pick l e a n d fli n gi n g him ba ck i n to his basket .

A n d there the crow lay groan i n g overcome by the ago n y ,

of his pain .

At eve n i n g the B odhisa t t a came ba ck a n d saw the ,

“ ”
wretched plight of the crow Ah ! greedy crow he .
,

ex claimed you would n ot heed my words a n d n ow your

,
“
,

”
o wn greed has worked you woe So sayi n g he repeated .
,

this stan za
The he a ds t ron g ma n w ho, w he n ex hort e d , pa ys
N o he e d t o f ri e n ds w ho g i e, k i n dl y cou n s e l v
ha S ll
s u re y l p
e ri s h, i e t he g re e dy crow , lk
Who a u g he d t o s corn t he ig e on s w a rn i n g w ords
l p ’
.

Then ex claimin g I t oo ca n n o lo n ger dwell here the

,
“
,

B odhisa t t a flew away But the crow died there a n d the n

.

a n d the cook flu n g him basket a n d all o n the dust heap , ,

-
.

V i t f Jat 2 7 4 3 7 5 3 9 5ar an o .
, ,
.

THE F OOL I S H FR I END

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the B o dhis a t t a gai n ed his livelihood as a trader
, .

I n those days in a border V illage in K a si there dwelt a -

number of carpe n ters A n d it chan ced that on e of them.

,

a bald grey haired m a n was plan i n g away at some wood

-
, ,

with his head glisten i n g like a copper bowl when a ,

mosqui t o settled on his s calp a n d stu n g him with its

dart like sti n g
-
.

Said the carpen ter to his son who was seated hard by , ,

My boy there s a mosquito sti n gi n g me on the head ;

,
’
 THE S TUPID MON K EY S 45

do drive it away Hold still the n father said the s on .

, ,

on e blow will settle it .

At that very time the o dhisa t t a had reached that

( B
village in the way of trade a n d was sitti n g in the ca r ,

)
’

p e n t e r s shop .

“ ” “
Rid me of it said the father All right father ,
.
, ,

an swered the s on who was behin d the ol d man s back ,

’

a n d raisi n g a sharp axe on high with i n te n t t o k ill o n ly

,

—
the mosquito he cleft his father s head in twai n S o ’
.
,

the ol d ma n fell dead on the spot .

Thought the B odhisa t t a who had been a n eye witn ess ,

-

of the whole scene Better than such a frien d is a n ,

e n emy with se n se whom fear of me n s ve n gean ce will ,

’

deter from killin g a m a n A n d he recited these li n es .

Se n se -
l a ck in g f ri e n ds a re w orse t ha n foe s wi t h se n s e ;

Wit n e ss t he s on t ha t s ou g ht t he g n a t t o s a y , l
Bu t l
c e ft ,
p oor l
f oo , hi s fa t he r s s u l i n t wa i n
’
k l .

So sayin g the B o dhisa t t a rose up a n d departed

, ,

passi n g away in after days to fare accordin g to his deserts .

A n d as fo r the carpenter his body was buried by his ,

kin sfolk .

A v a ria n t of Jat . 4 5, a v
ma idse r a n t st rike s he r mot he r s e a d wi t h a p e s t l e
Whe re ’
h .

I n P (B ) I , u pp l V
. . . S,
. III
s t ory 1 2 , a pe t mon ke y s t rike s a b e e from t h
. e e a d of t h e h
c
kin g wit ha sword I t is pre e de d b y a t a e il us t ra t in g t he su pe riorit y of a se n sib l e
. l l
e n e my, a s me n t ion e d in t h e e rse of t he a t a ka a n d P v
Cf a ob s 6 4 , C ou st on i 55 j . . Jc l ,
. .

The s a me mora l is g i e n in M b h X II v
1 3 8 , 45 . . ch . .

THE S TUPID M ONKEYS

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was ki n g of
Ben ares a festival was pro claimed in the city ; a n d at
,

the first summo n i n g n otes of the festal drum out poured

the town sfolk to keep holiday .
46 THE STUP I D MONKEYS
Now in those days a tribe of mo n keys was li vin g in ,

the kin g s p l easaun ce ; a n d the ki n g s garde n er thought

’ ’

t o himse l f They re ho l iday maki n g up in the city I l l

“ ’ ’
-
.
,

get the mo n keys to do the wateri n g for me a n d be o ff ,

to en j oy mysel f wi th the rest S o sayi n g he wen t to the .

,

kin g O f the mo n keys a n d first dwe l lin g on the be n efits , ,

his maj esty a n d his subj ects e n j oyed from reside n ce in

the pleasaun ce in the way of flowers a n d frui t a n d
‘

you n g shoots t o eat e n ded by sayi n g T O day there s , ,

“
-
’

holiday maki n g up in the city a n d I m off to en j oy

-
,
’

mysel f Could n t you water the youn g trees while I m

.
’ ’

”
away ?
Oh ! yes said the mo n key ,
.

”
O n ly mi n d you do said the garde n er ; a n d off he ,

we n t givi n g the mo n keys the water ski n s a n d woode n

,
-

waterin g pots t o do the work with

-
.

The n the mo n keys took the water S k i n s a n d wateri n g -

pots a n d fe l l to wateri n g the yo u n g trees

,
But we must .
“

”
min d n ot to waste the water observed their k i n g ; as ,
“

o u water first pu ll each you n g tree up a n d look at the

y ,

Size of its roots The n give p l e n ty of water t o those whose

.

roots strike deep but o n ly a l ittl e to those with ti n y roots

, .

When this water is al l go n e we Shall be hard put to it to ,

get more .

“
To be sure said the other mo n keys a n d di d as he , ,

bade them .

At this j un cture a certai n wise m a n seei n g the mo n keys ,

thus e n gage d asked them why they pulled up tree after

,

tree a n d watered them a ccor di n g to the size of their

roots .

“
Be cause such are our ki n g s comman ds an swered ’

the mo n keys .

Their rep l y moved the wise m a n to refle ct how with ,

 P L A TE [ I

THE S T UP I D M O N K EY S
(J a t a k a 4 6, p
. 4 5)
48 THE ROBBERS AND THE T REA S URE
the father to go for the ran som to free his s on ; if they
caught a mother a n d he r daughter they se n t the mother ,

for the mo n ey ; if t hey caught two brothers they let the ,

elder g o ; a n d so too if they caught a teacher a n d ,

his pupil it was the pupil they set free I n this case
,
.
,

therefore they kept the V e da b b ha brahmin a n d se n t the

,
-

B o dhis a t t a for the ran som ) A n d the B o dhis a t t a said .

with a bow to his master I n a day o r two I shall surely ,

“

come ba ck ; have n o fear ; o n ly fail n ot to do as I Shall

say To day will come to pass the co n j un ctio n of the

.
-

plan ets whi ch bri n gs about the rai n of the Thi n gs of

Pri ce Take heed l es t yie l di n g to this mishap y ou repeat
.
, ,

the charm a n d call down the precious shower F o r if .

,

ou do calamity will certai n l y befall both y ou a n d t his

y ,

”
ban d of robbers With this warn i n g to his master the
.
,

B o dhis a t t a we n t his way in quest of the ran som .

At sun set the robbers boun d the brahmi n a n d laid

him by the heels Just at this mome n t the full moo n.

rose over the eastern horizo n a n d the brahm i n studyi n g , ,

the heave n s kn ew that the great co n j un ctio n was takin g

,
”
place . Why thought he S hould I suffer this misery ?
“
, ,
“

By repeati n g the charm I will cal l down the pre cious rai n ,

”
pay the robbers the ran som a n d go free S O he called ,
.

out to the robbers Frie n ds why do you take me a ,

“
,

”
prison er ? To get a ran som revere n d S ir said they , , .

”
Well if that is all you wan t said the brahmi n make
, , ,

haste a n d u n tie me ; have my head bathed a n d n e w ,

clothes put o n me ; a n d let me be perfu med a n d decked

”
with flowers The n leave me to myse l f
. The robbers .

did as he bade them A n d the brahmi n marki n g the .

,

co n j u n ctio n of the plan ets repeated his charm with eyes ,

uplifted to the heave n s Forthwith the Thi n gs of Pri ce .

poured down from the Skies ! The robbers pi cked them

 THE ROBBER S AND THE TREA S URE 49

al l up wrappin g their booty i n to bun dles with their cloaks

,
.

Then with their brethre n they marched away ; a n d the

brahmin followed in the rear But as luck wo u ld have .
,

it the party was captured by a se con d ban d of five

,

hun dred robbers ! Why do y ou seize us ? said the first

“

“ ” “
to the se co n d ban d For booty was the an swer
. If , .

booty is what you wan t seize on that brahmi n who by

, ,

simply gazin g up at the skies brought dow n ri ches as

”
rai n It was he who gave us all that we have got
. So .

the seco n d ban d of robbers let the first ban d go a n d ,

” “
seized on the brahmi n cryin g Give u s ri ches too !
, It ,
“

” “
would give me great pleasure said the brahmi n ; but it ,

will be a year before the requ isite co n j un ctio n of the

plan ets takes pla ce agai n If y ou will o n ly be so good
.

a s to wait till the n I will i n voke the pre cious Shower for
,

y o u .

“
Ras cally brahmin ! cried the an gry robbers y ou ,

made the other ban d rich off han d but wan t us to wait -
,
”
a whole year ! An d they cu t him in two with a sharp
sword a n d flun g his body in the middle of the road
, .

The n hurryi n g after the first ban d of robbers they killed ,

every m a n of them too in han d t o han d fight a n d seized - -

,

the booty Next they divided i n to two compan ies a n d

.
,
-

fought amo n g themselve s compan y again st compan y till ,

two hun dred a n d fifty m e n were s l ai n A n d so they we n t .

on killi n g on e a n other till o n ly two were left alive

, Thus .

did those thousan d me n come to destructio n .

Now when the two survivors had man aged to carry

,

o ff the treasure they hid it in the j u n gle n ear a village ;

a n d o n e of them sat there sword in han d to guard it , , ,

whilst the other we n t i n to the vil l age to get ri ce a n d have

it cooked for supper But true is the sayi n g
.

An d g re e d i s ve ri l y t he root of ru i n .

F. a T .
50 THE ROBBER S AND THE TREASURE
He who stopped by the treasure thought When my mate ,
“

comes back he ll wan t half of thi s Suppose I kill him

,
’
.

”
the momen t he gets ba ck S O he drew his sword a n d sat .

waitin g for his comrade s return ’

.

Mean while the other had equally reflected that the

,

booty had to be halved and thought to him self S u ppose , ,

“

I poiso n the ri ce a n d give it him to eat a n d so ki l l him

, ,

a n d have the whole o f the treasure to mysel f A ccord .

in g l y whe n the ri ce was bo iled he first ate his o wn Share

, , ,

a n d the n put poiso n i n the rest whi ch he carried back ,

with him to the j un gle But scarce had he s e t it down .

,

whe n the other robber cut him in two with his s word a n d ,

hi d the body away in a secl uded spot The n he ate the .

poiso n ed rice a n d died then a n d there Thus by reaso n

,
.
,

o f the treasure n ot o n l y the brahmi n but all the robbers

,

came to destru ctio n .

H owbeit after a day or two the B o dhi s a t t a came back

,

with the ran som No t fi n di n g his mas ter where he had.

left him but seei n g treasure strewn all rou n d about his
, ,

heart misgave him that in spite of his advi ce his master , ,

must have called do rm a Shower o f treasure from the

s kies a n d that a ll must have perished in co n seque n ce ;
,

a n d he pro ceeded a l o n g the road O n his way he came .

t o where his master s body l ay c l ove n in twai n upo n the

’

”
way . Alas ! he cried he is dead through n ot heedin g
“
,

my warn i n g Then with gathered sti cks he made a pyre

.

a n d burn t his master s body maki n g a n o fferi n g o f wild

’

flowers Further al o n g the road he came upo n the five

.
,

hun dred Despat chers a n d further still upo n the two ,

hu n dred a n d fifty a n d so o n by degrees un til at last he

,

c ame t o where lay o n ly t wo corpses Markin g how o f .

the tho u sa n d all but t wo had perished a n d feel i n g s u re ,

that there mus t be two survivors a n d that these could ,

 THE ROBBER S AND THE TREASURE 51

n ot refrai n from strife he pressed on to see where they ,

had go n e S O on he wen t till he foun d the path by whi ch

.

with the treasure they had turn ed into the j u n gle ; a n d

there he fou n d the heap of bun dles of treasure a n d on e ,

robber lyi n g dead with his rice bowl overturn ed at his Side -
.

Realisi n g the whole story at a glan ce the B odhis a t t a set ,

himself to search for the missi n g m a n a n d at last fou n d ,

his body in the secret spot where it had bee n flu n g .

A n d thus mused the B o dhisa t t a

” “
“
,
through n o t followi n g ,

my coun sel my master in his self will has been the mean s -

of destroyin g n ot himself o n ly but a thousa n d others a lso .

Truly they that seek their own gai n by mistake n a n d

,

misgui ded mean s Shall reap rui n even as my master , .

A n d b e repeated this stan za

M is g u ide d e ff ort l e a ds t o l os s n ot g a i n ,

Thi e v e s k i ll e d Ve da b b ha a n d t he m s e l i e s w e re s l a i n .

Thus spake the B o dhisa t t a a n d he went on t o s a y , ,

An d eve n as my master s misguided a n d misplaced e ffort

’

i n causi n g the rai n of treasure t o fall from heaven wrought

both his own death a n d the destructio n of others with
him eve n so shall every other m a n who by mistake n means
,

seeks to compass his own advan tage utterly perish and

”
i n volve others in his destruction With these words did .

the B odhis a t t a make the forest ri n g ; a n d in this sta n za

did he preach the Truth whilst the tree divi n ities shouted ,

applause The treasure he co n trived to carry off to his

.

own home where he lived out his term of life in the

,

exercise of almsgivi n g a n d other good works A n d when .

his life closed he departed to the heaven he had won ,

.

A impl f m f t hi t l
s er cc i T b T XIX wh 50 0 b b wit h b t y
or o s a e o u rs n i . . . e re ro e rs oo

fi d n c t l y kill d l ph t d 2 50 f t h m
a re en e t f e ew t an Th ,
p i
an o e a re se n or a er . e se o s on

th w t e th t th y b i g
a er d
a t th m i d e f t h l ph t wh ich t h t h
rn ,
an ea e re a n er o e e e an , e o e rs

hv pi
a ed A j ck l fi d t h m
o son e . d b gi to t a b w t i g w hic h
a n s p e , an e ns ea a o -
s rn ,
sn a s

an d kill him I t m t h v b
s . m ch impl v r i us t hi whi ch p
a e eend so e su s er e s on a s s as s e

4—2
52 GREAT KING GOODNE SS
in t o Eu rope an d be c a me C h c au e rs
’
P a rdon e r s
’
Ta l e . The imme di a t e sou r e c of

C h a uce rha s n ot b e e n fou n d The e a rl ie st kn own Eu rope a n form is in t he Ce n t o

.

n ov e l le a n t i che 73 S e e Cl ous t on , ii 3 7 9 ff For Mo a mme da n a ria n t s se e Ku n , p 82

. . . h v h . .

GRE A T KING GOODNE S S

O n ce on a time when B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the B odhisa t t a came t o life again as the child
,

of the quee n ; a n d on his n ame day they gave him the -

n ame o f Pri n ce Good n ess (S i lava ) At the age of sixtee n .

his edu catio n was complete ; a n d later he came at his

father s death to be ki n g a n d rul ed his people righteously
’

un der the title of the great Ki n g Good n ess At ea ch of .

t he four city gates he built a n almo n ry a n other in the

-
,

heart of the city a n d yet an other at his own palace gates

,
-

—S ix in all ; a n d at each he distributed alms to poor

travellers a n d the n eedy He kept the Comma n dme n ts .

a n d observed the fast days ; he abou n ded in patien ce -

lovin g ki n d n ess a n d mercy ; a n d in righteous n ess he rul ed

-
,

the l an d cherishi n g al l creatures alike with the fo n d love

,

of a father for his baby boy .

Now on e of the ki n g s min isters had dealt treacherously ’

in the ki n g s harem a n d this be came matter of commo n

’

tal k The mi n i sters reported it t o the ki n g Exami n i n g

. .

i n to the matter himself the ki n g fou n d the mi n ister s guilt ,

’

to be clear So he se n t for the culprit a n d said O

.
, ,
“

b l i n ded by folly ! y ou have si n n ed a n d are n ot worthy to ,

dwell in my ki n gdom take your substan ce a n d yo u r wife

a n d family a n d go he n ce ,
Drive n thus from the realm .
,

that mi n ister l eft the K a si coun try a n d en teri n g the ,

servi ce of the ki n g of K os a l a gradually rose to be that ,

mo n arch s con fide n tial adviser O n e day he said to the

’
.

k i n g of K os a l a Sire the kin gdom of Ben ares is like a

,
“
,
 GREAT K ING GOODNE S S 53

goodly ho n eycomb un tainted by flies ; its ki n g is feeble n ess

itself ; a n d a triflin g force would suffice to con quer the
”
whole coun try .

H ereo n the ki n g of Kos a l a reflected that the ki n gdom

,

of Be n ares was large a n d co n sideri n g this in co n n exion

, ,

with the advice that a trifli n g force could co n quer it he ,

grew suspicious that his adviser was a hireli n g suborn ed

“ ”
to lead him i n to a trap Traitor he cried y ou are
.
, ,

paid to say thi s !

“
I n deed I am n ot answered the other ; I do but
,

speak the truth If y ou doubt me se n d me n to massacre

.
,

a village over his border a n d s e e whether whe n they are

, ,

caught a n d brought before him the ki n g does n ot let ,

”
them off s cot free a n d even load them with gifts
-
.

“
He shews a v ery bold fro n t in maki n g his assertio n ,

“
thought the ki n g ; I will test his coun sel wi thout delay .

A n d accordi n gly he se n t some of his creatures to harry

a village across the Ben ares border The ru ffia n s were .

captured a n d brought before the ki n g of Be n ares who ,

“
asked them sayin g My children why have you killed
, , ,

my villagers ?
“
Because we could n ot make a livi n g said they , .

”
The n why did y ou n ot come to me ? said the ki n g .

S ee t hat y ou do n o t do the like agai n

”
.

A n d he gave them presen ts a n d se n t them away Back .

they wen t a n d told this to the ki n g of K os a l a But this .

eviden ce was n ot en ough to n erve him to the expeditio n ;

a n d a seco n d ban d was se n t to massa cre a n other Vi l lage ,

this time in the heart of the kin gdom These too were .

likewise sen t away with prese n ts by the ki n g of Be n ares .

But even this evide n ce was n ot deemed stro n g e n ough ;

a n d a third party was se n t to plu n der the very streets of

Ben ares An d these like their forerun n ers were sent

.
, ,
54 GREAT KING GOODNESS
away with presen ts ! Satisfied at last that the ki n g of
Be n ares was a n en tirely good ki n g the ki n g of K o s a l a ,

resolved to seize on his ki n gdom a n d set out agai n st him ,

with troops a n d elephan ts .

Now in these days the ki n g of Be n ares had a thousan d

gal l an t warriors who wo u ld face the charge even of a rut
,

—
elephan t whom the l aun ched thun derbolt of I n dra could
,

n ot terrify —a mat chless ban d o f i n vi n cible heroes ready

,

at the ki n g s comman d to redu ce all I n dia to his sway !

’

These heari n g the ki n g of K osa l a was comi n g to take

,

Ben ares came to the ir sovereign with the n ews a n d

, ,

prayed that they might be despatched agai n st the i n vader .

”
We wil l defeat a n d capture him Sire said they before , ,
“

he ca n set foot over the border .

”
“
No t so my childre n ,
said the ki n g No n e shall
, .

suffer be cause of me Let those who covet kin gdoms

.

seize mi n e if they will ,

An d he refused to allow them
.

to mar ch agai n st the i n vader .

Then the ki n g of Kos a l a crossed the border a n d came

to the middle coun try ; a n d agai n the mi n is ters we n t to
-

the ki n g with ren ewed e n treaty But sti l l the ki n g refused . .

A n d n ow the ki n g o f K o sa l a appeared outside the city ,

a n d se n t a message to the ki n g biddi n g him either yield

”
up the kin gdom or give battle I fight n ot was the .
“
,

message of the ki n g of Be n ares in reply ; let him seiz e “

my ki n gdom .

Yet a third time the ki n g s mi n isters came t o him a n d ’

besought him n ot to all ow the ki n g of K os a l a to e n ter ,

but to permit them to overthrow a n d capture him before

the city S t ill refusi n g the ki n g bade the city gates be
.
,
-

Ope n e d a n d seated himse l f in state aloft upo n his royal

,

thro n e with his thousan d mi n isters rou n d hi m .

E n teri n g the city a n d fi n din g n o ne to bar his way the ,

56 GREAT K ING GOODNE SS
to themselves These must be m e n who are doomed to
,
“

”
death . They came on bol dl y ; even when the Shout wa s
again bei n g raised they did n ot turn tail O n they came
,
.
,

—
each si n gli n g out his prey the chief j ackal makin g for ,

the k in g a n d the other j ackals for his compan ion s Fertil e

,
.

in resour ce the ki n g marked the beast s approach a n d

’

, , ,

raisi n g his throat as if to receive the bite fasten ed his ,

teeth in the j ackal s throat with a grip like a vi ce ! Un ab l e

’

to free its throat from the mighty grip of the ki n g s j aws ’

a n d feari n g death the j a ckal raised a great howl

, At his .

cry of distress the pa ck co n ceived that their leader must

have been caught by a ma n With n o heart left to a p .

proach their own destin ed prey away they all scampered ,

for their lives .

Seeki n g to free itself from the ki n g s teeth the trapped ’

j ackal plun ged madly to a n d fro a n d thereby loosen ed ,

the earth above the ki n g Hereupo n the l atter letti n g .

,

the j a ckal go put forth his mighty stre n gth a n d by plun g

, ,

in g from side t o Side got his han ds free ! The n clut chi n g ,

the brin k of the pit he drew himself up a n d came fort h

, ,

like a cloud s cuddi n g before the wi n d Biddi n g his .

compan io n s be of good cheer he n ow s e t to work to ,

loosen the earth rou n d them a n d t o get them ou t till ,

with al l his mi n isters he stood free o n ce more in the

cemetery .

Now it chan ced that a corpse had been exposed in

that part of the cemetery which l ay betwee n the respe ctive ,

domain s of two gobli n s ; a n d the gobli n s were disputi n g

over the di visio n o f the S poi l .

’
“
We can t divide it ourselves said they ; but this ,

Ki n g Good n ess is righteous ; he wi l l divide it for u s Let .

us go to him So they dragged the corpse by the foot

.

to the ki n g a n d said S ire divide this m a n a n d give us

, ,
“
,
 GREAT K ING GOODNE SS 57

each share
ou r Certai n ly I will my frie n ds said the
.
, ,

kin g . But as I am dirty I must bathe first

, ,
.

S traightway by their magi c power the gobli n s brought

, ,

to the ki n g the sce n ted water prepared for the usurper s ’

bath An d whe n the kin g had bathed they brought him

.
,

the robes which had bee n laid ou t for the u surper t o

wear Whe n he had put these on they brought his
.
,

maj esty a b ox co n tain i n g the four ki n ds of scen t Whe n .

he had perfumed himself they brought flowers of divers ,

ki n ds laid ou t upo n j ewelled fan s in a casket of gold , .

Whe n he had de cked himself with the flowers the gobli n s ,

a sked whether they could be of a n y further service An d .

the ki n g gave them to un derstan d that he was hu n gry .

S O away we n t the gobli n s a n d return ed with ri ce flavoured

,

with all the choicest flavours whi ch had bee n prepared ,

for the usurper s table An d the kin g n ow bathed and

’
.
,

s ce n ted ,dressed a n d arrayed ate of the dai n ty fare , .

T hereupon the gobli n s brought the usurper s perfumed

’

water for him to dri n k in the usurper s own golden how]

,
’

n ot forgetti n g to bri n g the golde n cup t o o Whe n the .

ki n g had drun k a n d had washed his mouth a n d was

washi n g his b a n ds, they brought him fragrant betel to
chew , a n d asked whether his maj esty had a n y further

comman ds Fetch me said b e by your magic power

.
“
, ,
“

”
the sword of state which lies by the usurper s pillow ’
.

An d straightway the sword was brought to the ki n g The n .

the kin g took the corpse a n d setti n g it upright cu t it in

, ,

two down the chi n e givi n g on e half t o each gobli n This

,
-
.

do n e the ki n g washed the blade a n d girded it on hi s

, ,

side.

Havi n g eaten their fill the gobli n s were glad of heart , ,

a n d in their gratitude asked the ki n g what more they

‘

”
could do for him Set me by your magic power said
.
“
,
58 GREAT KING GOOD NE SS
he in the usurper s chamber a n d set each of my min isters
,
“ ’

”
back in his o wn house Certai n ly Sire said the gobli n s
.
, ,

a n d forthwith it was do n e Now in that hour the usurper .

was lyin g asleep on the royal bed in his chamber of state .

A n d as he S l ept in a l l tran q u i l lity the good ki n g struck ,

him with the flat of the sword upo n the belly Waki n g .

up in a fright the usurper s a w by the lamp light that it

,
-

was the great Ki n g Good n ess Summo n i n g up al l his .

courage he rose from his cou ch a n d said :

, Sire it is “
,

n i ght ; a guard is s e t ; the doors are barred ; a n d n o n e

may e n ter How then came you to my beds ide sword in

.
,

”
han d a n d clad in robes of sple n dour ? The n the k i n g
told him in detail all the story of his escape The n the .

usurper s heart was moved Withi n him a n d he cried 0

’

, ,
“

ki n g 1 though blessed with human n ature kn ew n ot

, ,

your good n ess ; but k n owledge thereof was gi ve n to the

fierce a n d cruel gobli n s whose food is flesh a n d blood , .

He n ceforth I sire will n ot p l ot again st such Sign al Virtue

, , ,

as you possess S o sayi n g he swore a n oath of frie n dship

.
,

upo n hi s sword a n d begged the ki n g s forgive n ess An d ’

.

he made the ki n g lie down upo n the bed of state wh ile ,

he stretched himself upo n a little cou ch .

O n the morrow at daybreak whe n the su n had risen , ,

his whole host of every ran k a n d degree was mustered by

beat of drum at t he usurper s comman d ; in their presen ce ’

he extolled Ki n g Goodn ess as if raisi n g the fu ll m oo n on -

high in the heave n s ; a n d ri ght before them a ll he agai n ,

asked the ki n g s forgive n ess a n d gave hi m back his ki n g

’

“
dom sayi n g Hen ceforth let it be my charge to deal
, , ,

with rebels ; rule thou thy ki n gdom with me to keep ,

”
wat ch a n d ward A n d so sayi n g he passed se n te n ce on
.
,

the slan derous traitor a n d with his troops a n d elephan ts ,

wen t back to hi s o wn ki n gdom .

 PRINCE FIVE WEAPON S -
59

S eated in maj esty sple n dour be n eath a white an d

umbrella of sovereign ty upo n a thro n e of gold with legs
as of a gazelle the great K in g Goodn ess co n templated
,

his own glory a n d thought thus within himself : Had

I n ot persevered I shou l d n ot be in the e n j oyme n t of this
,

mag n ifice n ce n or would my thousa n d mi n isters be still

,
.

n umbered amo n g the living It was by perseveran ce that .

I recovered the royal state I had lost a n d saved the lives ,

of my thousan d mi n isters Verily we Should strive on .

,

u n remitti n gly with dau n tless hearts seei n g that the fruit ,

of perseveran ce is so excelle n t A n d therewithal the .

ki n g broke in to this heartfelt utteran ce

T oll o n , my b rot he r ; st ill i n hop e st a n d fa s t ;
N or l e t t hy cou ra g e flag and t ire .

M y s e l f I se e , w ho, a l l m y w oe s o e rpa s t , ’

A m m a st e r of my he a rt s de s ire
’
.

Thus spoke the B o dhis a t t a in the ful n ess of his heart ,

declari n g ho w sure it is that the earn est e ffort of the

good will come to maturity A fter a life spen t in right .

doi n g he passed away t o fare thereaft er accordi n g to his

deserts .

V i t f J a t 2 82 3 0 3
ar a n o T w y (J. P hi l l XII 1 2 0 ) c mp
, . th
a cp ne ou rn . o . . o a re s e es a e
of S ig m d f m t h w l f i t h V b l
un ro
g S g ( Th S t y f t h V l
e o n t e su n a a a e or o e o su n s, r
g .

M g f
a d M i
n is s on an Th m l f t h t l i t h b ddh i t d c t i f
orr s, e ora o e a e s e u s o rne o n on

i t c t o il b t t h m l f p v c p
re s s a n e ev ,
u e d i th v ora pp o t e rse e ra n e ex re ss e n e e rs e s a e a rs o
b l g t
e on li b ddhi t ic v
o a n e a r e r n on i f th t l -
u s e rs on o e a e .

PRINCE FIVE WEAPON S -

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g in

Be n ares it was as hi s quee n s child that the B odhisa t t a
,
’

came to life o n ce more O n the day whe n he was to .

be n amed the pare n ts e n quired as to their child s dest in y

,
’

from e i ght hun dred brahmin s to whom they gave their ,

’
hearts desire in all p l easures of sen se Markin g the .
60 PRINCE F IVE WE APON S -

promise which he shewed of a glorious desti n y these ’

,

clever s o ot hs a yi n b ra hm i s foretold that om i g to the

g n c n ,

thron e at the kin g s death the child should be a mi ghty ’

kin g e n dowed with every virtue ; famed a n d re n own ed for

his exploits with five weapo n s he Shoul d stan d peerless in ,

all J a mb u dipa An d be cause of this prophe cy of the brah

1
.

mi n s the pare n ts n amed their s on Prin ce Five Weapo n s

,
-
.

Now whe n the pri n ce was come to years of di s cretion

, ,

a n d was sixtee n years old the ki n g bade him g o away ,

a n d study .

With whom Sire am I to study ? asked the pri n ce, ,

.

With the world famed tea cher in the town of Takka -

sil a in the Gan dh a ra coun try Here is his fee said the .
,

ki n g han di n g his s on a thousan d pie ces

,
.

So the pri n ce we n t to Ta k k a sil a a n d was taught there .

Whe n he wa s leavin g his master gave hi m a set of five ,

weapo n s armed wi th whi ch after biddi n g adieu to hi s old

, ,

master the prin ce s e t ou t from T a k k a s il a for Be n ares

,
.

O n his way he came to a forest haun ted by a gob l i n

named Hairy grip ; a n d at the e n tran ce to the forest
-
, ,

m e n who met him tried to stop him sayi n g : Youn g ,

“

studen t do n ot go through that forest ; it is the haun t

,

”
of the gob l in Hairy grip a n d he kills every on e he meets -

,
.

But bold as a lio n the self relian t B o dhisa t t a pressed o n

, ,
-
,

t ill in the heart of the forest he came on the gobli n The .

mon ster made himse l f appear in stature as tall as a palm

tree with a head as big as a n arbour a n d huge eyes l ike
,

bowls with two tusks like turn i ps a n d the beak of a

,

h awk ; his belly was b l ot ched with purple ; a n d the palms

of his ha n ds a n d the soles of his feet were blue bla ck ! -

”
Whither away ? cried the mo n ster Halt ! y ou are my .

1
h
T is w as on e of t he fou r isl a n ds of h ch
w i t he e a rt h was p
s u p ose d to c on sis t ;
c
i t in l u de d I n di a , an d re pre s e n t e d t he in ha b it e d w orl d t o t he In di a n min d .
 PR I NCE FIVE WEAPON S -
61

prey . Goblin an swered the B o dhis a t t a I kn ew what

, ,

I was doin g whe n e n teri n g this forest You will be ill .

advised to come n ear me For with a poiso n ed arro w .

”
I will slay you where you stan d A n d with this defian ce .
,

he fitted to his bow a n arrow di pped in dea dl iest po iso n

a n d shot it at the gobli n But it o n l y stuck on to the .

mo n ster s Shaggy coat Then he Shot an other a n d an other

’
.
,

till fifty were spe n t all of which merely stu ck on to the

,

gobli n s Sh a ggy coat Hereon the goblin shaki n g the

’
.
,

arrows off so that they fell at his feet came at the Bod ,

hisa t t a a n d the latter agai n Shoutin g defiance drew his

, ,

sword a n d struck at the gobli n But like the arrows his . , ,

sword which was thirty three i n ches lo n g merely stuck

,
-
,

fast in the shaggy hair Next the B o dhis a t t a hurled his

.

Spear a n d that stuck fast also Seei n g this he smote the

, .
,

gob l in with his cl ub ; but like his other weapo n s that , ,

too stuck fast And thereupo n the B o dhisa t t a shouted

.
,

Gobli n y ou n ever heard yet of me Pri n ce Five Weapo n s

, ,
-
.

Whe n I ve n tured i n to this forest I put my trust n ot in ,

my bow a n d other weapo n s but in myself ! N ow will ,

I strike you a blow whi ch shall crush y ou in to dust So .

sayi n g the B odhisa t t a smote the gobli n with hi s right

,

han d ; but the han d stuck fast upo n the hair The n in .
,

turn with his left han d a n d with his right a n d left fee t
, ,

he struck at the mon ster but ha n d a n d feet alike clave to

,
”
the hide Agai n Shou t in g I will crush you i n to dust ! he
.
“

butted the gobli n wi th his head a n d that too stuck fast ,

.

Yet eve n when thus caught a n d sn ared in fivefold Wise ,

the B odhisa t t a as he hun g upo n the gobl in was still

, ,

fearless still un daun ted A n d the mo n ster thought to

, .

himself This is a very l io n amo n g m e n a hero without

,
“
,

a peer a n d n o mere m a n Though he is caught in the

, .

clut ches of a gob l in like me yet n ot so much as a tremor ,

62 PR I NCE F I VE WEAPONS -

will he exhibit Never si n ce I first took to slayin g

.
,

travellers upon this road have I seen a m a n to equal ,

”
him How comes it that he is n ot frighte n ed ?
. Not
dari n g to devour the B odhisa t t a o ffhan d he said H ow , ,

is it you n g studen t that you have n o fear of death ?

, ,

Why should I ? an s wered the B odhis a t t a ”

Each .

life must sure l y have its destin ed death Moreover .

,

within my body is a sword of adaman t whi ch y ou will ,

n ever digest if you eat me , It wi l l chop you r i n wards .

i n to mi n cemeat a n d my death will i n vo l ve yours too

, .

Therefore it is that I have n o fear (By this it is said .

, ,

the B odhisa t t a mean t the S word of Kn owledge whi ch ,

was withi n him ) .

Hereo n the gobli n fell a thi n ki n g

,
This young -
.

stude n t is speaki n g the truth and n othi n g but the truth ,

thought b e Not a morsel s o big as a pea could I di gest

.
“

A n d s o in fear of his
”
of such a hero I l l l et him go
’
. .
,

life he let the B odhisa t t a go free sayin g Youn g stude n t

, , ,
“
,

you are a lio n amo n g m e n ; I will n o t eat you Go forth .

from my han d eve n as the moo n from the j aws of R a hu

, ,

a n d retur n to gl adde n the hearts of your ki n sfolk your ,

frie n ds a n d your cou n try

,
.

“
As for myse l f goblin an swered the B o dhis a t t a I
, , ,
“

wi l l go A S for you it was your S in s in bygo n e days that

.
,

caused you to be re bor n a rave n i n g murderous fl e s h -

, ,

eati n g gobli n ; a n d if you co n ti n ue in s in in this existe n ce

, ,

you will go on from dark n ess to darkn ess B u t havi n g .

,

see n me y ou will be un able the n ceforth to s in a n y more

, .

Kn ow that to destroy l ife is to e n sure re birth either in -

he ll or as a brute or as a ghost o r as a tita n Or if the .

,

re birth be i n to the world of m e n the n su ch s in cuts Sho rt

-

’
the days of a man s life .

I n thi s a n d other ways the B o dhis a t t a shewed the evil

 ’
64 THE BRAHMIN S SPELL
As these l in es always made the k i n g win the game the ,

priest was in a fair way to lose every pe n n y he had in the

world An d in order to save himse l f from utter ruin he
.
, ,

resolved to seek ou t a l ittle maid that had n ever see n

an other ma n a n d then t o keep her u n der lock a n d key in
,

”
his own house F o r thought he
. I coul d n t man age to
, ,
’

look after a girl who has seen a n other m a n So I must .

take a n e w born baby girl a n d keep her un der my th u m b

-

as she grows up with a close guard over her s o that n o n e

, ,

may come n ear her a n d that s he may be true t o on e m a n .

The n I Shall win of the ki n g a n d grow ri ch N ow he was , .

Skil led in bodil y S ign s ; a n d seei n g a poor woman who

was about to be come a mother a n d k n owi n g that he r ,

chi l d woul d be a girl he paid the woman to come a n d be

,

co n fin ed in hi s house a n d se n t her away after her con fin e

,

me n t with a prese n t The i n fan t was brought up e n tirely

.

by wome n a n d n o m e n — other than himself— were ever

,

al lowed to s e t eyes on her Whe n the girl grew up she .

,

was subj e ct to him a n d he was her master .

Now wh ile the girl was gro wi n g up the priest forbore

, ,

to play wi th the kin g ; but when she was grown up a n d

un der his own con trol he chall e n ged the k i n g to a game , .

The kin g a ccepted a n d play began But whe n in throwi n g

, .
,

the di ce the ki n g san g his lu cky catch the priest added , ,

always ex cept in g my girl A n d the n luck cha n ged .

,

a n d it wa s n o w the priest who won while the ki n g lost , .

Thi n kin g the matter over the B odhi sa t t a suspe cted ,

the priest had a Virtuous girl Shut up in hi s house ; a n d

e n quiry proved his suspi cio n s true The n I n order to .
,

work her fall he se n t for a cl ever scamp a n d asked

, ,

whether he thought he co u l d sedu ce the girl Certai n l y .

“
,
”
S ire , said the fell ow So the k i n g gave him mo n ey a n d
.
,

se n t him away with orders to l ose n o time .

 ’
THE BRAHMIN S S PELL
With the ki n g s mo n ey the fello w bought perfumes
’

a n d i n ce n se a n d aromatics o f all sorts and Ope n ed a per ,

fu me ry shop close to the priest s house Now the priest s

’ ’
.

house was seve n stories high a n d had seve n gateways at , ,

each of which a guard was set —a guard of wome n o n l y , ,

a n d n o m a n but the brahmi n himself was ever allowed to

e n ter .The very baskets that co n tain ed the dust a n d

sweepi n gs were examin ed before they were passed in .

O n ly the priest was allowed to see the girl a n d she had ,

o n l y a Sin gle waitin g woman This woman had money

-
.

given her to buy flowers a n d perfumes for her mistress ,

a n d on her way S he used to pass n ear the shop which the

scamp had Ope n ed An d he k n owi n g very well that she

.
,

was the girl s atte n dan t watched on e day for her comin g
’

, ,

and rushin g out of his shop fell at her feet claspin g her
, , ,

“
feet tightly with both han ds a n d blubberi n g out 0 my ,

”
mother ! where have y o u bee n all this lon g time ?
A n d his co n federates who stood by his side cried , , ,

What a like n ess ! Han d a n d foot face a n d figure eve n , ,

in style of dress they are ide n tical ! , As on e a n d a ll

kept dwelli n g on the marvellous like n ess the poor woman ,

lost her head Cryin g out that it must be her boy She
.
,

too burst into tears An d with weepi n g a n d tears the

.

two fell to embraci n g on e an other Then said the ma n .

,

“
Where are you living mother ? ,

“ ’
Up at the priest s my s on He has a youn g wife
, .

of peerless beauty a very goddess for grace ; a n d I m her

,
’

”
A n d whither away n ow mother ?
“ ” “
waitin g woman -
. To ,
”
buy her perfumes a n d flowers Why go elsewhere for .

them ? Come to me for them in future said the fellow , .

A n d he gave the woman betel bdellium a n d so forth a n d , , ,

all kin ds of flo wers refusi n g all payme n t Stru ck with the

, .

quan tity of flowers and perfumes whi ch the waiti n g woman -

F . a T . 5
 ’
66 THE BRAHMIN S S PELL
brought home the girl asked why the brahmin was so
,

“
pleased with her that day Why do y ou say that my .
,

dear ? asked the old wo man

”
Be cause of the quan tity .
“

”
of thin gs y ou have brought home N o it is n t that the .
,
’

brahmin was free with his mo n ey said the ol d woman ; ,

”
for I got them at my so n s A n d from that day forth she
’
.

kept the mo n ey the brahmi n gave her a n d g ot her flowe rs ,

a n d other th in gs free of charge at the ma n s S hop

’
.

An d he a few days later made ou t t o be ill a n d took

, , ,

to his bed S o whe n the ol d woman came to the Shop

.

a n d asked for her s on S he was told he had bee n take n ill

,
.

Haste n in g to his side S he fo n dly stroked his Shoulders , ,

as she asked what ailed him But he made n o reply . .

“ ”
Why do n t y ou te l l me my s on ?
’
Not eve n if I were ,

dyi n g cou l d I tel l you mother

, But if y o u do n t tell
, ,
’

”
me whom are y ou to tell ?
, We ll the n mother my , ,

m al ady l ies solely in this that heari n g the praises of your ,

youn g mistress s beauty I have fal l e n in love with her

’

, .

”
If I wi n her I shal l live ; if n ot this wil l be my death bed
, ,
-
.

Leave that to me my b oy said the ol d woman cheerily

, ,

a n d do n t worry yourse l f o n this a ccou n t

’
Then — with .

a heavy load of perfumes a n d flowers to take with her

Sh e we n t home a n d said to the brahmi n s you n g wife
’

, ,

“
Alas ! here s my s on in love with y ou mere l y because
’

I told him how beautiful you are What is to be do n e ? ”

If you ca n s muggle him in here rep l ied the girl , ,

o u have my leave
y .

Hereupo n the ol d woman set to work sweepi n g together

all the d u st S he could fin d in the house from top to
bottom ; this dust she put i n to a huge fl owe r basket a n d -

tried t o pass ou t with it Whe n the usual search was .

made S he emptied dust over the woman on guard who

, ,

fled away u n der such i l l treatme n t I n like man n er she -

.
 ’
THE BRAHMIN S S PELL 67

dealt with all the other watchers smotherin g in dust each ,

on e in turn that said a n ythi n g to her A n d so it came to .

pass from that time forward that n o matter what the ol d ,

woman took in or ou t of the house there was n obody bold ,

e n ough to search her Now was the time ! The old .

woman smuggled the scamp i n to the house in a fl owe r

basket a n d brought him to her you n g mistress He
, .

succeeded in wrecki n g the girl s Virtue a n d actually stayed ’

a day or two in the upper rooms —hidi n g whe n the priest ,

was at home a n d e n j oyi n g the society of his mistress when

,

the priest was off the premises A day or two passed a n d .

the girl said t o her lover S weetheart y ou must be goi n g, ,

n ow. Very well ; o n ly I must cuff the brahmin first

“
.

Certai n ly said S he a n d hid the s camp The n when the

,
”
, .
,

brahmin came in agai n she exclaimed Oh my dear , , ,

husban d I S ho u l d so like to dan ce if you would play the

, ,

lute for me Dan ce away my dear said the priest a n d

” “
, ,
”
,

“
struck up fort hwith But I shall be too ashamed if
.
,
’
you re looki n g Let me hide your han dsome face first
.

”
with a cloth ; and then I will dan ce All right said .
,

“
So S he ”
’
he ; if you re t oo modest to dan ce otherwise .

took a thick cloth a n d tied it over the brahmin s face so ’

as to bli n dfold him A n d bli n dfolded as he was the

.
, ,

brahmin began to play the lute After dan ci n g awh ile .

,

she cried My dear I should so like to hit y ou o n ce

,
“
,

on the head Hit away said the u n suspecti n g dotard

.
,
.

The n the girl made a Sign to her paramour ; a n d he softly

stole up behi n d the brahmi n a n d smote hi m on the head .

’
Such was the force of the blow that the brahmi n s eyes ,

were l ike to start ou t of his head a n d a bump rose up on ,

the spot Smarti n g with pai n he called t o the girl to give

.
,

him her han d ; a n d s he placed it in his

’

Ah ! it s a soft .
“

”
han d said he ; but it hits hard !
,
 ’
68 THE BRAHMIN S SPELL
Now as soo n as the scamp had str u ck the brahmi n he
, ,

hid ; a n d whe n he was hidde n the girl took the ban dage ,

ofl the priest s eyes a n d rubbed his bruised head with oil

" ’
.

The mome n t the brahmi n we n t ou t the s camp was stowed ,

away in his basket again by the ol d woman a n d so carried ,

out of the house Makin g his way at o n ce to the kin g he .

,

told him the who l e adve n ture .

A ccordi n gly whe n the brahmi n was n ext in atte n dan ce

, ,

the ki n g proposed a game with the dice ; the brahmin was

wil l i n g ; a n d the ki n g caused the gam in g circle to be -

1
drawn As the ki n g made his throw he san g his ol d cat ch
.
, ,

a n d the brahmi n — ig n ora n t of the girl s n aughti n ess — added

’

his al ways excepti n g my girl — a n d n evertheless lost !

“
,
”

The n the k in g who did k n ow what had passed said to , ,

“
his priest Why except her ? Her virtue has given way
, .

Ah you dreamed that by taki n g a girl in the hour of her

,

birth a n d by placi n g a seve n fold guard rou n d her y ou ,

could be certai n of her Why you could n t be certai n of .

,
’

a woman eve n if you had her i n side you a n d alway s

,

wal ked about with her No woman is ever faithful to one .

m a n al o n e As for that girl of yours she told y ou S he

.
,

S hould like to da n ce a n d havi n g first bli n dfolded you as ,

you p l ayed the lute to her she let her paramour strike ,

o u o n the head a n d the n smuggled him out of the house

y , .

”
Where the n is your exceptio n ? A n d so sayi n g the ki n g ,

repeated this stan za

l
B i n dfol d, a -
lu t in g b y hi s wi fe b e g u i e d,
,
l
T he b ra h mi n s a t , —who t ri e d t o re a r

A p a ra g on of v i rt u e u n de fil e d !
L e a rn he n ce t o ho d t he l se x i n fe a r .

1
h
T is w as c i cl d w
a rd t h pl y
e t ra n rou n e a e rs , ou of h ch t h y c
w i e oul d n ot g o wi t h
ou t in c i g
u rr n c t il t h d b t w
a u rse , u n ttl d e e s e re s e e . In J at 9 1 l i
. a os n g p v
l a ye r a oids
b re a k in g t h c i c l b y w l l wi g
e r e f t h di cs a o n on e o e e, an d t hus st o ppi ng t he g a me
 ’
THE BRAHMIN S S PELL 69

In such wise did the B odhisa t t a expoun d the Truth to

the brahmi n A n d the brahmin we n t home a n d taxed the
.

girl with the wickedness of which she was accused My .

”
dear husban d who ca n have said such a thin g about me ?
,

said S he I n deed I am i n n ocen t ; i n deed it was my own

.
“

han d a n d n obody else s that struck y ou ; a n d if y ou do

,
’

, ,

n o t believe me I will brave the ordeal of fire a n d swear that

,

’
n o ma n s hand has touched me but yours ; and so I will
”
make y ou believe me So be it said the brahmin
.
“
,
.

A n d he had a quan tity o f wood brought a n d s e t light to

” “
it The n the girl was summo n ed
. N ow said he if you .
, ,

”
believe your own story brave these flames l ,

N ow before this the girl had in structed her atten dan t

as follows : Tell your son mother t o be t here and t o
“
, ,

”
seize my han d j ust as I am about to go i n to the fire .

A n d the ol d woman di d as S he was bidde n ; a n d t he fellow

c ame a n d took h is stan d amo n g the crowd Then to .
,

delude the brahmin the girl stan di n g there before all the ,

people exclaimed Wi th fervour No man s han d but thin e

, ,
“ ’

brahmin has ever tou ched me ; a n d by the truth of my

, ,

asseveratio n I call on this fire to harm me n ot So sayi n g .

,

S he advan ced to the burn i n g pile —whe n up dashed her ,

paramour who seized her by the han d cryi n g Shame on

, ,

the brahmi n who could force so fair a maid to e n ter the

flames ! S hakin g her han d free the g irl exclaimed to the ,

brahmi n t hat what She had sworn was n ow un do n e a n d ,

that She could n ot n ew brave the ordeal of fire Why .

“

” “
n ot ? said the brahmi n Because she replied my .
“
, ,

asseveration was that n o man s han d but thi n e had ever ’

touched me ; a n d n ow here is a ma n who has seized hold

of my han d ! But the brahmin kn owin g that he was ,

tricked drove her from him with b l ows

, .

S u ch we learn is the wickedn ess of women

, ,
What .
70 THE VALUE OF A BROTHER
cri me will they n ot commit ; a n d then to deceive their ,

—
husban ds what oaths will they ot take aye in the light
n
, ,

of day— that they did it n ot ! So false hearted are they ! -

Therefore has it bee n said

A se x co m p ose d of wi ck e dn e s s and g u il e ,
U n k n ow a b le ,
u n ce rt a i n pa t h
as t he
Of fi she s i n t he w a t e r —w om a n k i n d
,

H ol d t ru t h f or f a l s e hood f a l s e hood for t he , t ru t h !

A s g re e dil y a s cow s s e e k p a s t u re s n e w ,

Wome n ,
u n s a t e d, y e a rn f or ma t e on ma t e .

T hi e i s h v an d cru e l as a S w e e t v oi ce d s n a
-
ke ,

The y k n ow a ll t ri ck s w he re wi t h t o g ul l ma n k in d .

Il l us t ra t e d on t he B h h
ar u t S t u pa pl x x vi 8 I Su k x v a t a l e of c ommo pl a c e
, . . . n . .
, n

in t rigu e , t he w oma n wh en su s pe ct e d offe rs t o b e t a ke b e fore a ya ks h a A t t he

n .

orde a l lv
he r o e r se iz e s he r, a s an ,
n a rr g e d a d she t h e n ma k e s t he a s s e v e ra t io t h a t n

h c h
wi t t he e x e pt ion of he r u s b a n d a n d t is ma n n o ma n ha s e h v c er o me n ear he r . Cf .

l vc
t he simi a r de i e of Tri s tra m a n d Yson de in Cl ou st on , i 1 7 9 . .

THE VALUE OF A BROTHER

This story was told by the Master while at J e t a v a n a ,

about a ce rtai n coun try woman -

.

For it fell out o n ce in K osa l a that three me n were

ploughi n g on the outskirts of a certai n forest a n d that ,

robbers plun dered folk in that forest a n d made their

escape The vi ctims came in the course of a fruitless
.
,

sear ch for the rascals to where the three me n were ,

ploughi n g Here are the forest robbers disguised as

.
“
,

husban dme n they crie d a n d hauled the trio off as

, ,

priso n ers to the Ki n g o f K o sa l a Now time after time .

there came to the ki n g s pala ce a woman who with loud ’

lame n tatio n s begged for wherewith to be covered “

.

Heari n g her cry the ki n g ordered a Shift to be give n her ;

,

but S he refused it sayi n g this was n ot what she mean t ,

.

S o the ki n g s servan ts came back to his maj esty a n d said

’
72 THE GRATEFUL ANIMAL S
La k shma na is a ppa re n t l y kill e d ,
his b rot he r Rama s a y s, a l mos t in t he words of t he

g a t ha
S o me whe re for me a wi fe ma y b e ,
A s on , or e v en ot he r kin ;
B u t t he c ou n t ry I do n ot se e

In whic h a b rot h er I mig t wi nh .

Cf t he P e rs ian t a
. l e of t he wife of I n t a phe rn e s in E dt III
. . 1 1 8, 1 1 9 , who ma ke s
t he sa me c h ic S p h A
o e . o . n t 9 0 5 ff
. . Pische l (H e rme s, XX II VI . 4 6 5 ff ) . c on side rs it
prob a b ly t h l d t
e o mpl es ex a e of a n G re e k dre ss
In dia n tA writ e r in h ou g ht in a .

N ot e s and Q i N 17
u e r es, ov ,
1 8 6
. 6 ,
om a re s t he w ords ofc p
R ob e rt of Norma n dy w e n h
b e sie g in g H e n ry in Mon t S t Mi e l , W a t , s a ll I su ffe r my b rot e r t o die of
“
ch h h h
h
t irst ? Whe re s h lla h
w e fin d a n ot e r whe n he is g on e ? ( H u me ,
”
an d the ch .

b a ll a d in Sc ot t , A n t i q u a ry , x 1.

H e t u rn e d him rig ht a n d rou n d a g a in ,

S c a id, my mit e r
s orn na at h
Lig h t l v o e s I ma y g e t mon y a a n e ,

B u t min n ie [i e mot e r] n e e r a n it he r
. . h ’
.

THE GRATEFUL ANIMAL S

O n ce on a time B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in Be n ares .

He had a s on n amed Pri n ce Wi cked Fierce a n d cruel .

was he li ke a scot ched s n ake ; he spoke t o n obody without

,

abuse o r blows Like grit in the eye was this pri n ce to all
.

folk both within a n d without the pal ace or like a rave n in g ,

—
ogre s o dreaded a n d fel l was he
, .

O n e day wishi n g to disport himself in the river he

, ,

wen t with a large reti n ue to the water Side A n d a great .

storm came on a n d utter darkn ess set in Hi there !

, .
“

cried he to his servan ts ; take me i n to mid stream bathe “

-

”
me there a n d the n bri n g me back agai n
, So they took .

him i n to mid stream a n d there took coun sel together

-

sayi n g What will he do to us whe n ki n g ? Let us kill the

,
“

wi cked wret ch here a n d n ow ! So in you go y ou pest ! ,

they cried as they flun g him i n to the water When they

, .

made their way ashore they were asked where the pri n ce ,

was a n d replied We do n t s e e him ; fi n din g the storm

, ,
“ ’
 THE GRATEFUL ANIMAL S 73

come on he must have come ou t of the river a n d go n e

,

home ahead of us .

The courtiers we n t i n to the ki n g s presence a n d the ’

,
”
ki n g asked where his s on was We do n ot kn ow Sire .
“
, ,

said they ; a storm came on a n d we came away in the

“
,

belief that he must hav e go n e on ahead At o n ce the .

”

kin g had the gates thrown ope n ; down to the riverside he

wen t a n d bade dilige n t search be made up a n d down for
the missin g prince But no trace of him could be fou n d
. .

F or in the dark n ess of the storm he had bee n swept away

, ,

by the curren t a n d comi n g across a tree trun k had

, ,
-
,

cli mbed on to it a n d so floated down stream cryi n g

, ,

lustily in the ago n y of his fear of drowni n g .

Now there had been a gild merchan t livi n g in those -

days at Be n ares who had di ed leavi n g forty crores buried

, ,

in the ban ks of that same river And because of his .

cravi n g for riches he was re born as a snake at the spot

,
-

un der which lay hi s dear treasure An d also in the self .

same spot an other m a n had hidden thirty crores and :

1
because of his cravi n g for ri ches was re born as a rat at ,
-

the same spot I n rushed the water in to their dwelli n g

.

place ; and the two creatures es capi n g by the way by ,

which the water rushed in were makin g their way athwart ,

the stream when they chan ced upo n the tree tru n k to
,
-

which the pri n ce was cli n gin g The s n ake climbed up at .

on e e n d a n d the rat at the other ; a n d so both got a

,

footi n g with the p ri n ce on the trun k .

Also there grew on the river s ban k a S ilk cotto n tree ’

-
,

in which lived a you n g parrot ; a n d this tree bei n g u p ,

rooted by the swollen waters fell i n to the river The ,

.

heavy rai n beat down the parrot whe n it tried to fly a n d ,

it alighted in its fall upon this same tree trun k A n d S O -

.

1
Cf J a t
. . 13 7 , p . 1 18 .
74 THE GRATEFUL AN IMAL S

there were n ow these four floatin g down stream together

upon the tree .

Now t he B odhi sa t t a had bee n r e born in those days as

'

a brahmi n in the North West coun try Re n oun cin g the

-
.

world for the hermit s life on reachi n g man hood he had

’

built him self a hermitage by a be n d of the river ; a n d

there he was n ow li vin g As he was pacin g t o and fro at
.
,

midn i ght he heard the loud cries of the prin ce a n d

, ,

thought thus wi thi n hi mself : This fellow creature must “ -

not perish thus before the eyes of so merciful a n d com

passio n ate a hermit as I am I will rescue him from the .

water a n d save hi s life So he shouted cheeril y Be n ot

, .
,
“

afraid ! Be n ot afraid ! a n d plun gi n g across stream ,

seized hold of the tree by on e e n d a n d bein g a s stro n g , ,

as a n elephan t drew it in to the ban k with on e lo n g pull

, ,

a n d set the pri n ce safe a n d sou n d upo n the Shore The n .

becomi n g aware of t he s n ake a n d the rat a n d the parrot ,

he carried them to his hermitage and there lighti n g a fire , ,

warmed the an imals first as bei n g the weaker a n d after

, ,

wards the prin ce This do n e he brought fru i ts of various

.
,

ki n ds a n d set them before his guests looki n g after the ,

a n imals first a n d the pri n ce afterwards This e n raged the .

you n g pri n ce who said within himself This rascally hermit

, ,
“

pays no respe ct to my royal birth but a ctually gives brute ,

”
beasts pre cede n ce over me A n d he co n ceived hatred
.

a gai n st the B o dhis a t t a .

A few days later when all four had recovered their

,

stre n gth a n d the waters had subsided the s n ake bade ,

farewell to the hermit with these words Father you have ,

“
,

do n e me a great se rvice I am n ot poor for I have forty

.
,

crores of gold hidde n at a certai n spot Should y ou ever .

wan t mo n ey all my hoard shall be yours Y ou have o nl y

,
.

to come to the spot a n d call S n ake Next the rat took .

 THE GRATEFUL ANIMAL S 75

his leave with a like promise to the hermit as to his

treas ure biddi n g the hermit come a n d cal l ou t Rat
, .

The n the parrot bade farewell sayi n g Father silver a n d , , ,

gold have I n o n e ; but should you ever wan t for choice

rice come t o where I dwell a n d call out Parrot ; a n d
,
‘ ’

I with the aid o f my ki n sfolk will give you man y waggo n

loads of rice Last came the pri n ce His heart was filled
. .

with base i n gratitude a n d with a determin atio n to put his

ben efactor to death if the B o dhis a t t a should come to visit
,

him But co n ceali n g his i n ten t he said Come father to

.
, , ,
“
, ,

me whe n I am kin g a n d I will bestow on you the Four ,

Requisites S o sayi n g he took his departu re a n d n ot

.
, ,

l o n g after succeeded to the thro n e .

The desire came on the B odhisa t t a t o put their pro

fession s to the test ; a n d first of all he we n t to the s n ake
a n d sta n di n g hard by its abode called o u t
“
Sn ake At ,
.

the word the s n ake darted forth a n d with every mark of

respect said Father in this place there are forty crores
,
“
,

in gold
”
.Dig them up a n d take them all It is well .
,

said the B odhis a t t a ; whe n I n eed them I will not forget

“
,
.

Then biddi n g adi eu to the s n ake he we n t on to where the ,

”
rat lived a n d called ou t Rat
, An d the rat did as the
“
.

snake had do n e Goi n g n ext to the parrot a n d calli n g

.
,

out Parrot the bird at o n ce fl e w down at his call fro m

“ ”

the tree top a n d respectfully asked whether it was the

-

B odhisa t t a s wish that he with the aid of his ki n sfolk

’

Shoul d gather paddy for the B odhisa t t a from the regio n

roun d the Himalayas The B odhis a t t a dismissed the
.

parrot also with a promise that if n eed arose he would , ,

n ot forget the bird s o ffer Las t of all bein g min ded to

’
.
,

test the kin g in his turn the B odhis a t t a came to the royal ,

pleasaun ce a n d on the day after his arrival made his way

, ,

carefully dressed into the city on his roun d for alms

, .
76 THE GRATEFUL AN I MAL S
Just at that mome n t the un grateful ki n g seated in all his
, ,

royal sple n dour on his elephan t of state was passin g in ,

rig ht wi se processio n round the city followed by a vast

reti n ue Seei n g the B odhisa t t a from afar he thought to

.
,

himself Here s that rascal l y hermit come to quarter hi m

,
’

self a n d his appetite on me I must have his head off.

before he ca n publish to the world the service he re n dered

me . With this i n ten t he sign ed to his atte n dan ts a n d
, , ,

on their aski n g what was his pleasure said Methi n ks “

, ,

yo n der ras cally hermit is here to importu n e me See that .

the il l ome n ed as cetic does n ot look at me but seize and

-

bi n d him ; flog him at every street cor n er ; a n d then march

-

him ou t of the city chop off his head at the p l a ce of

,

executio n a n d impale hi s body on a stake

, .

Obedien t to their ki n g s comman d the atte n dan ts laid

’

the i n n oce n t Great Bei n g in bo n ds a n d flogged him at

every street corn er on the way to the place of exe cutio n
-
.

But all their fl og g in g s failed to move the B odhis a t t a or to

wri n g from hi m a n y cry of Oh my mother a n d father !,

All he did was to repeat this stan za :

The y k n e w t he w orl d w ho f ra m e d t hi s p rov e rb t ru e
,

A l og p a y s b e t t e r s a lv a g e t ha n s om e m e n .
”

These li n es he repeated wherever he was flogged ti l l at ,

last the wise amo n g the bystan ders asked the hermit what
service he had re n dered to their ki n g The n the Bod .

hisa t t a told the whole story e n di n g with the words — S o

,
“

it comes to pass that by res cui n g him from the torre n t

I brought all this woe upon myse l f A n d whe n I bethin k .

me how I have left un heeded the words of the wise of old ,

”
I excl aim as you have heard .

Fi ll ed with i n dign atio n at the recital the n obles a n d ,

“
brahmi n s a n d al l classes wi th o n e accord cried ou t This ,

un grateful ki n g does n ot recogn ise even the good n ess of

 THE GRATEFUL ANIMAL S 77

this good ma n who saved his maj e st y s life How ca n we ’

.

have a n y profit from this kin g ? S eize the tyra n t ! An d

in their an ger they rushed upo n the ki n g from every side ,

and slew him there a n d the n as he rode on his elephan t , ,

with arrows a n d j aveli n s and sto n es a n d clubs a n d a n y

weapo n s that came to han d The cor pse they dragged by .

the heels to a ditc h a n d flun g it in Then they a n oin ted .

the B odhisa t t a ki n g a n d set hi m to rule over them .

As he was rul i n g in righteousn ess on e day the desire ,

came on hi m again t o try the snake a n d the rat a n d the

parrot ; and followed by a large reti n ue he came to where ,

the sn ake dwelt At the call of S n ake ou t came the

.
“
,

sn ake from his hole a n d with every mark of respe ct said ,

”
Here my lord is your treasure ; take it
, , The n the ki n g .

delivered the forty crores of gold to his atte n dan ts a n d ,

”
proceedin g t o where the rat dwelt called Rat Out ,
“
.

came the rat a n d salut e d the ki n g a n d gave up its thirty

, ,

crores Placi n g this treasure t oo in the han ds of his

.

atte n dan ts the ki n g we n t on to where the parrot dwelt

, ,
”
a n d called
“
Parrot And in like man n er the bird came
.
,

a n d bowin g dow n
’
at the ki n g s feet asked wheth er it
should collect rice for his maj es t y We will n ot trouble .

” “
you said the ki n g till rice is n eeded Now let us be
, , .

”
goin g So with the seventy crores of gold a n d with the
.
,

rat the s n ake a n d the parrot as well the ki n g j o u rn eyed

, , ,

back to the city Here in a n oble palace to the state

.
, ,

story of whi ch b e moun ted he caused the treasure to be ,

lodged a n d guarded ; he had a golde n tube made for the

s n ake to dwell in a crystal casket to house the rat a n d
, ,

’
a cage of gold for the parrot Every day too by the ki n g s .

comman d food was served to the three creatures in vessels

—
of gold sweet parched corn for the parrot and s n ake
,
-
,

a n d sce n ted rice for the rat A n d the king aboun ded .
78 THE GREAT DREAM S
in ha rity a n d all good works Thus in harmo n y a n d
c .

goodwill on e with an other these four lived their lives ; a n d ,

when their e n d came they passed away to fare a ccordin g ,

to the ir deserts .

A m ch m di fi d v u i f Th g ot ef l B e t d th
e rs on o g tf l M e P ra u ea s s a n e un ra e u a n, .

B
( ) I S pp l II .
K,
D ( Au b ) ch .X II w h
.
,
t h .
g. t f l ram i g .
l d m Vit h .
d e re e un ra e u an s a o s ,
an

t h g t it d
e f t h t ig
ra u d k i ki l f ll y m d t h m
e o e er an f vi g t h b h mi
sn a e s s u a e e e ans o sa n e ra n

an d b i gi g p i h m trn n th g t f
un sl m I Senm on ( 1e0 3 ) t
unh t l
ra e u i an . n o . LX V . II
. e a e s

a j at k a d th g t f
a, anl p w m e Ti
unb T XX
ra e u I i m c
e rson l l y a l t d o an . . . V . s ore ose re a e

t P th
o . t t h j at k an G t R m 1 19
o e Cf Cl
a a. t i 2 23 Th t h kf l
es a o . . ou s on , .
, e an u

B e a sts .

THE GREAT DREAMS

This story was told by the Master while at J e t a v a n a
about Sixtee n wo n derfu l dreams For in the last watch .

of on e n ight (S O traditio n says ) the Ki n g of K o sa l a who ,

had bee n asleep all the n ight dreamed sixtee n great ,

dreams a n d woke up in great fright a n d alarm as to what

,

they might po rte n d for him S O stro n g was the fear of .

death upo n him that he could n o t stir but lay there ,

huddled up on his bed N ow whe n the n ight grew light .

, ,

his b ra hmin s a n d chap l ain s came to him a n d with due

’

obeisan ce asked whether his maj esty had slept well .

How coul d I sleep well my dire ctors

“
an swered the ,

ki n g F o r j ust at daybreak I dreamed sixtee n wo n derful

.

dreams a n d I have bee n in terror ever sin ce ! Tell me my

, ,

directors what it a l l mean s , .

We Shal l be able to j udge on heari n g them

“
, .

The n the kin g told them his dreams a n d asked what ,

those Vision s would e n tail upon him .

The brahmi n s fell a wri n gi n g their han ds Why wri n g -

”
your han ds brahmi n s ? asked the ki n g Because Sire
, .
“
, ,
”
these are evil dreams What will come of them ? said .
”
80 THE GREAT DREAM S
the mo n astery saluted the Master a n d sat down
, What , .
“
,
”
pray bri n gs your maj esty here so early in the morn i n g ?
,

“ ”
asked the Master in his sweet to n es Sir said the ki n g .
, ,

“
j ust before daybreak I dreamed sixtee n wo n derfu l
dreams which so terrified me that I told them to the
,

brahmins They told me that my dreams boded evil a n d

.
,

that to avert the threaten ed calamity they must offer

sa crifi ce wherever four roads met A n d so they are busy .

with the ir preparatio n s a n d man y livin g creatures have ,

the fear of death before their eyes But I pray you who .
,

are the chiefest perso n age in the world of me n a n d gods ,

y o u i n to whose k e n comes all possible k n owledge of things

past a n d prese n t a n d to b e I pray you tell me what will ,

-

come of my dreams Lord , .

“
True it is Sire that there is n o n e other save me who
, , ,

ca n tell what your dreams sig n ify or what will come o f

them I wi ll tell y ou O n ly first of all relate to me your

. .

dreams as they appeared to you .

”
I will S ir said the ki n g a n d at o n ce began this list
, , , ,

followin g the order of the dreams appeara n ce : ’

B u l l s firs t a n d t re e s a n d cow s a n d ca l v e s
, , , ,

H orse di s h s he j a ck a l w a t e rp ot
, ,
-
, ,

A p on d ra w ri ce a n d s a n da l w ood
, ,
-
,

A n d g ou rds t ha t s a n k , a n d s t o n e s t ha t s w a m ,
Wit h frog s t ha t g ob b e d u p b a ck s n a k e s, l l
A crow w i t h g o d p u me d re t in u e ,l -
l
An d w o lve s in p a n i c fe a r -
of g oa t s !

How was it S ir that I had the followin g on e of my

, ,

dreams ? Methought four black bulls like collyrium in , ,

hue came from the four cardi n al directio n s t o the royal

,

courtyard with avowed i n te n t to fight ; a n d people flo cked

together to see the b u l l fig ht ti l l a great crowd had -

,

gathered But the bulls o n ly made a Show of fighti n g

.
,

roared a n d bellowed a n d fi n ally we n t off without fighti n g

,
 THE GREAT D REAM S 81

at all This was my first dream What wi ll come

. .

”
of it ?
“
Sire that dream shall have n o issue in your days or
,

in mi n e But hereafter whe n kin gs shall be n iggardly and

.
,

un righteous a n d whe n folk Shall be un righteous in days

, ,

whe n the world is perverted whe n good is wan in g a n d evi l ,

waxi n g apace in those days of the world s backsli din g

,
-
’

there shall fall n o rain from the heaven s the feet of the ,

storm shall be lamed the crOps shall wither a n d fami n e , ,

shall be on the lan d Then shall the clouds gather as if.

for rain from the four quarters of the heave n s ; there shall
be haste first to carry i n doors the rice a n d crops that the
women have spread in the s u n to dry for fear the harvest ,

should get wet ; a n d then with spade a n d basket in han d

the me n Shall go forth to ban k up the dykes As though .

in Sign of comi n g rain the thunder shall bellow the , ,

—
light n in g shall flash from the clouds but even as the ,

bulls in yo u r dream that fought n ot so the clouds shal l

, ,

flee away withou t rain i n g This is what shall come of thi s .

dream But n o harm shall come therefrom to you ; for it

.

was with regard to the future that y ou dreamed this

dream What the brahmi n s told y ou was said only t o get
.
,
”
themselves a livelihood An d when the Master had thus .

told the fu lfilmen t of this dream he said Tell me yo u r , ,

“

secon d dream Sire ,

.

“
S ir said the king my seco n d dream was after this
, ,

man n er : Methought little ti n y trees a n d shrubs burst

through the soil a n d whe n they had grown scarce a Span
,

or two high they flowered a n d bore fruit ! This was my

,

seco n d dream ; what shall come of it ? ”

“ ”
Sire said the Master this dream Shall have its
, ,
“

fulfilmen t in days whe n the world has fallen in to decay

a n d whe n m e n are Shortlived I n times to come the .

F . a T .
6
82 THE GREAT DREAM S
p a ssio n s shall be stro n g ; qui te youn g girls shall go to live
with m e n it Shall be with them after the man n er of women
, ,

a n d they Shall co n ceive an d bear chi l dre n The flowers .

typify their issues a n d the fruit their o ffspri n g But you

, .
,

sire have n othi n g to fear therefrom Te l l me your t hird

,
.

drea m 0 great ki n g,
.
”

Methought sir I saw cows sucki n g the milk of calves

, ,

which they had born e t hat selfsame day This was my .

”
third dream What shal l come of it ? .

“
This dream too shal l have its fulfilme n t o n ly in days
to come whe n respect S hall cease to be paid to age For
, .

in the future m e n S hewi n g n o revere n ce for pare n ts or ,

paren ts in law Shall themselves admi n is t er the family

- -
,

estate a n d if su ch be their good pleasure shall bestow

, , ,

food a n d clothi n g on the ol d folks but Shall wi thhold their ,

gifts if it be n ot their pleasure to give The n Shall the old

,
.

folks destitute a n d depe n de n t exist by favour of their own

, ,

children like big cows su ck l ed by calves a day old But

, .

you have n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me your fourth .

dream .

Methought S ir I saw me n un yoki n g a team of , ,

draught oxe n sturdy a n d s t ro n g a n d setti n g you n g steers

-
, ,

to draw the load ; a n d the steers provi n g u n equal to the ,

task laid on them refu sed a n d stood stock still s o that ,

-
,

wai n s moved n o t on their way This was my fourth dream . .

What S hall come of it ?

Here agai n the dream shall n ot have its fulfi l me n t
un til the future in the days of un righteous ki n gs F or in
, .

days to come u n righteous a n d n iggardly ki n gs s hal l shew

,

n o ho n our to wise lords skilled in pre cede n t fertile in ,

expedie n t a n d able to get through busi n ess ; n or shall

,

appoi n t to the courts of l a w a n d j usti ce aged coun ci ll ors

of wisdom a n d of learn in g in the l a w Nay they Shall .
,
84 THE GREAT DREAM S
This dream too Shall on ly have its ful filme n t in the
future F or in the days to come un righteous ki n gs
.
, ,

though sprun g of a race of ki n gs mistrusti n g the s cio n s ,

of their o l d n obili t y S hall n ot ho n our them but exalt in , ,

their stead the low born ; whereby the n obles S hall be -

brought low a n d the low born raised to lordship The n -

.

shal l the gre a t fami l ies be brought by very n eed to seek

to live by depen de n ce on the ups t arts a n d S hall o ffer them ,

their daughters in marriage A n d the u n io n of the n oble .

maiden s with the low born shall be like u n to the stali n g of -

the ol d j ackal in the golde n bowl Howbeit you have .

,

n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me your seven th dream . .

A ma n was weavi n g rope s ir a n d as he wove he threw

“
, , ,

it down at his feet Un der his ben ch lay a hun gry she .

j ackal which kept eati n g the rope as he wove but without

, ,

the man kn owin g it This is what I saw This was my . .

”
1
seven th dream What Shall come of it .
?

This dream too shall n ot have its fulfilme n t till the

“

future For in days to come wome n shal l lust after men

.
,

a n d stro n g dri n k a n d fi n ery a n d gaddi n g abroad a n d after

the j oys of this worl d I n their wicked n ess a n d profl ig a cy

these women Shall dri n k stro n g dri n k with their para
mours ; they Shall flaun t in garlan ds a n d perfumes a n d
un gue n ts ; a n d heedless of eve n the most pressi n g of their
household duties they Shall keep watchi n g for their ,

paramours even at crevi ces high up in the outer wall

,

aye they shall poun d up the very seed corn that should
,
-

be sow o the morrow so as to provide good cheer ih

n n —

a ll these ways Shall they plu n der the store won by the

hard work of their husban ds in field a n d byre devouri n g ,

I1 f th p i ti g
n on e o f P l yg te i t h L ch
a n t D l ph
n i P
s o i ( 29) o n o us n e es e a e a us a n a s x .

d c ib
es r fig es f I d l
a c (Ok ) p t d pl it i g p wh ich h
u re o n o en e n os ,
re re se n e as a n a ro e, a s e

a ss f t iv l y
ur t f t
e h pl it it
ea s S F z
as d l
as wh m t i
as i e a s . ee ra er a oc ,. o en on s s x

i ti g
ex s p n t ti re f th bj ct i
re s e n ci t t
a on s o e su e n an en ar .
 TH E GREAT DREAM S 85

the poor men s substan ce even as the hun gry j ackal u n der
’

the be n ch ate up the r0 pe of the rope maker as he wove it -

.

Howbeit you have n othi n g to fear therefrom

,
Tell me .

”
your eighth dream .

Methought sir I saw at a palace gate a big pitcher

, ,

whi ch was full to the brim a n d stood amid a n umber

of empty o n es A n d from the four c ardi n al poi n ts a n d
. ,

from the four i n termediate poi n ts as well there kept ,

comi n g a co n stan t stream of people of all the four castes ,

carryi n g water in pipkins a n d pouri n g it i n to the full

pitcher A n d the water ove rfl owe d a n d ra n away But
. .

n o n e the less they still kept o n pouri n g more a n d more

water i n to the overflowi n g vessel without a si n gle m a n ,

givi n g s o much as a glan ce at the empty pit chers This .

was my eighth dream What shall come of it ? .

“
This dream t oo shall n ot have its fulfilmen t u n til the
fu ture F or in days to come the world shall decay ; the
.

kin gdom shall grow weak its ki n gs shall grow poor a n d

,

n i ggardly ; the foremost amo n g them shall have n o more

than pieces of mo n ey in his treasury The n shall .

these ki n gs in their n eed set the whole of the country folk -

to work for them — for the ki n gs sake shall the toili n g ’

folk leavi n g their own work sow grain a n d pulse a n d keep

, , ,

wat ch a n d reap a n d thresh a n d garn er ; for the kin gs sake ’

shall they plan t sugar can es make a n d drive sugar mills

-
,
-
,

a n d boil down the molasses ; for the ki n gs sake shall they

’

lay ou t fl owe r garde n s a n d orchards a n d gather in the

-
,

fruits An d as they gather in all the divers ki n ds Of

.

produ ce they shall fill the royal garn ers to overflowin g n ot ,

givi n g so much as a glan ce at their own empty barn s at

home Thus it shall be like fillin g up the full pitcher
.
,

heedless of the quite empty o n es Howbeit you have -

.
,

n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me your n in th dream. .

86 THE GREAT DREAM S
Methought sir I saw a deep pool with shelvi n g ban ks
, ,

all roun d a n d overgro wn with the five kin ds of lotuses .

From every Side two footed creatures a n d four footed

- -

creatures flocked thither to drin k of its waters The .

depths in the middl e were muddy but the water was clear ,

a n d sparkli n g at the margi n where the various creatures

we n t down i n to the pool This was my n i n th dream . .

What Shall come of it ?

“
This dream too S hall n ot have its fulfilme n t till the
future For in days to come ki n gs shall grow un righteous ;
.

they Shall rule aft er their own will a n d pleasure a n d Shall ,

n ot execute j udgme n t a ccordi n g to righteous n ess These .

ki n gs shall hun ger after ri ches a n d wax fat on bribes ;

they Shall n ot shew mer cy love a n d compassio n toward ,

the ir people but be fierce a n d cruel amassin g weal t h by

, ,

crushi n g their subj ects like sugar can es in a mill a n d by -

taxi n g them eve n to the uttermost farthi n g U n able to .

pay the Oppressive tax the people shall fly from Vi ll age

,

a n d town a n d the like a n d take refuge upo n the borders

,

of the realm ; the heart of the lan d shal l be a wilder n ess ,

—
whil e the borders shal l teem with people eve n as the ,

water was muddy in the midd l e of the pool a n d cl ear at

the margin Howbeit you have n othi n g to fear therefrom
.
, .

”
Te l l me your te n th dream .

Methought sir I s a w rice boili n g in a pot without

, ,

getti n g do n e By n ot getti n g do n e I mean that it looked

.
,

as though it were sharply marked off a n d kept apart so ,

that the cooki n g wen t on in three disti n ct stages F o r part .

was sodde n part hard a n d raw a n d part j ust cooked to a

, ,

n i cety This was my ten th dream What shal l come of it ? ”

. .

“
This dream too Shall n ot have its ful filmen t till the
fu ture For in days to come ki n gs shal l grow un righteous ;
.

the peop l e surroun din g the ki n gs shall grow un righteous

88 THE GREAT DREAM S
to make their preachi n g lead up to Nirvan a Nay their .
,

o n ly thought as they preach shal l be by fin e words a n d

, ,

sweet voices to i n duce m e n t o give them costly raimen t

a n d the like a n d to be mi n ded to give such gifts
,
Others .

again seated in the highways at the street corn ers at the ,

-
,

doors o f ki n gs pala ces a n d so forth Shall stoop to preach

’

, ,

for mo n ey yea for mere coin ed k a ha pa n a s hal f k a ha pa n a s

, ,
-

p a das or ma sa k a S ! A n d as they thus barter away for

,

food or raime n t or for k a ha pa n a s a n d half k a ha pa n a s my -

doctrin e the worth whereof is Nirvan a they shall be even ,

as those who bartered away for sour butter milk precious -

san dal wood worth

-
pieces Howbeit you have .
,

n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me your twelfth dream . .

Methought sir I s a w empty pumpki n s S in ki n g in the

, ,

”
water What shall come of it ?
.

“
This dream also S hal l n ot have its fu lfil men t till the
fu ture in the days of u n righteous ki n gs whe n the world is
, ,

perverted For in those days Shal l ki n gs shew favour n ot

.

to the scio n s of the n obi l ity but to the low born o n l y ; a n d ,

-

these latter Shall be come great lords whi l st the n obles ,

Si n k i n to poverty Alike in the royal prese n ce in the

.
,

pal ace gates in the coun ci l chamber a n d in the courts of

, ,

j ustice the words of the l ow born a l o n e (whom the empty

,
-

pumpki n s typify ) shal l be stablished as though they had ,

s u n k down till they rested on the bottom So t oo in the .

assemb l ies of the Brothe rhood in the greater a n d lesser ,

con claves a n d in e n quiries regardi n g bowls robes lodgi n g

, , , ,

a n d the lik e — the coun sel o n ly of the wicked a n d the Vile

shall be co n sidered to have savi n g power n ot that o f the ,

modest Brethre n Thus everywhere it S hal l be as whe n

.

the empty pumpki n s san k Howbeit you have n othi n g to .

,

fear therefrom Tell me you r thirtee n th dream

. .

Hereupo n the ki n g said Methought s ir I s a w huge ,

“
, ,
 THE GREAT DREAM S 89

blocks of solid rock as big as houses floati n g like ships

, ,

”
upon the waters What Shall come of it ?
.

“
This dream also Shall not have its fulfil me n t before
such times as those of whi ch I have spoke n For in those .

days un righteous ki n gs shall shew ho n our t o the low born -

who Shall become great lor ds whilst the n obles si n k i n to ,

poverty Not to the n obles but to the upstarts alo n e

.
,

Shall respe ct be paid I n the royal prese n ce in the

.
,

coun cil chamber or in the co u rts of j usti ce the words of

, ,

the n obles learned in the law (a n d it is they whom the

solid rocks typify ) shall drift idly by a n d n ot si n k deep ,

i n to the hearts of men ; whe n they speak the upstarts ,

S hal l merely laugh them to scorn sayi n g What is this ‘

, ,

’
these fellows are sayi n g ? S o t oo in the assemblies of
the Brethre n as afore said me n shall n ot deem worthy of
, ,

respe ct the excellen t amo n g the Brethre n ; the words of

s uch shall n ot S i n k deep but drift idly b y eve n as when
, ,
-

the rocks floated upo n the waters Howbeit you have .

,

n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me yo u r fourtee n th dream . .

Methought S ir I saw ti n y frogs no bigger than

, , ,

mi n ute fl owe re t s swiftly pursuin g huge black s n akes

, ,

choppin g them up like so man y lotus stalks a n d gobbli n g -

”
them up What shall come of this ?
.

This dream too shall n ot have its fulfilmen t till those

days to come such as those of which I have spoken whe n ,

the world is decayin g F or then shall me n s passio n s be

.
’

so stro n g a n d their lusts so hot tha t they shall be the

, ,

t hralls of the very youn gest of their wives for the time
'

bein g at whose sole disposal shall be slaves a n d hired

,

servan ts oxe n buffaloes a n d all cattle gold a n d silver a n d

, , , ,

everythin g that is in the house Should the poor husban d .

ask where the mo n ey (say ) or a robe is at o n ce he Shall ,

be told that it is where it is that he should mi n d his own ,

90 THE GREAT DREAM S
busin ess a n d not be so in quisitive as to what is or is not
, , ,

in he r house A n d therewithal in divers ways the wives

.

with abuse a n d goadi n g taun ts shall establish their

domi n io n over their husban ds as over slaves a n d bo n d ,

servan ts Thus shall it be like as when the tiny frogs n o

.
,

bigger than mi n ute fl owe re t s gobbled up the big black ,

sn akes Howbeit y ou have n othin g to fear therefrom

.
,
.

Tell me your fifteen th dream .

Methought Sir I saw a vil lage crow in which dwelt

, , ,

the whole of the Te n Vices escort ed by a retin ue of those ,

birds which because of their golde n S heen are cal led

, ,

”
Royal Golden Mallards What shall come of it ? .

“
This dream too shall n ot have its fulfilme n t t ill the
future till the reign of weakl in g ki n gs I n days to come
, .

ki n gs shall arise who Shall kn ow n othi n g about elephan ts

o r other arts a n d S hall be cowards in the field
, Fearin g .

to be deposed a n d cast from their roya l estate they S hall ,

raise to power n ot their peers but their footme n bath ,

atte n dan ts barbers a n d su ch like Thus Shut ou t from

, , .
,

royal favour a n d u n able to support themselves the n obles ,

shall be reduced to dan ci n g atten dan ce on t he upstarts ,

as whe n the crow had Royal Golde n Swan s for a reti n ue .

Howbeit you have n othi n g to fear therefrom Tell me

, .

”
your sixtee n th dream .

“
Heretofore S ir it always used to be pan thers that
, ,

preyed on goats ; but methought I saw goats chasi n g

pan thers a n d devo u ri n g them — mun ch mun ch mu n ch I , ,

whilst at bare sight of the goats afar off; terror stri cke n -

wolves fled quaki n g wi th fear a n d hid themselves in their

fast n esses in the thi cket Su ch was my dream What . .

shall come of it ?
This dream too Shall n ot have its fulfilmen t till the
future till the reign of un righteous ki n gs I n those days
, .
92 THE CONVERTED MISER
an dthe dreams were expoun ded by them Of Old time in
”
j ust the same man n er as they have n ow been expoun ded .

I K D (S y ) Ix (A b )
n . . cc t h t y f B il a d [B h t ] wh ich h
r .
,
ra X Iv .
,
o u rs e s or o a ra a ,
as a

t
s ron g ti b anhm ic l t d c y Th i w B f y chi f v id c f b ddhi t ic
-
ra an a en en . s as en e
’
s e e en e or a u s

or ig i f t h P ch t
n o t t l
e b t th an i p f t h t it i c
a a n ra c t d wit h t h m
a e s, u e re s no roo a s on n e e e

(B f B i l
en . Th
n . c ti f b h mi B f y t h g ht w
e ex e t u on o ra ns en e ou as no

or ig i l b t it
na ,
cc i t h Tib t B ddh i t f m (S hi f M hdk dtjaj
u o u rs n e e an u s or c e n e r, a a na

un d K ig T h d p dj t
on
‘

M m A c d S t P t XXII
s a n a W ra w h v th
o a ,
e . a e . . e no a e re e

b ddhi t v
u i s i J a t 7 7 (t h p
e rs on s t t l ) 3 14 nd 4 18 f w h ich
. b th e re se n a e ,
an ,
n on e o ca n e e

di c t
re ig i f th t y f K D
or n o Th t l i e s ort i ll y t h m i o ll A ki g . . e a e s e sse n a e sa e n a . n

th rou gh c t i m i p
er a n o d dt p f m c ific
en s B i g dvi d b y hi wif
s e rsu a e o e r or sa r es . e n a se s e

(or a mi i t ) h c n s er lt g wh i t p t t he m
on su d di d
s a sa him f m e, o n e r re s e o ens an s su a es ro

th e c i fic
sa r I K D th es . ig h t d n m q it di ff . t f m th
. i th
e re a re e re a s, u e e re n ro ose n e

j a t k I J a t 3 14 ( = B ddh g h
a a . n ) th m
. d tt d b y i h b it
u a osa x v . e o e n s a re sou n s u e re n a

t
an s o f h ll d i J a t 4 1 8 ig h t
e ,
an d m d by n im l d th. c t e i th s oun s a e an a s an o er re a u re s n e

p l c Th t y f t h p t i J a t 7 7 i m l y b l t p t h i t d c t y t y
a a e . e s or o e as n . s e re ui u on e n ro u or s or .

Th ki g i
e ll t h
n t i
n f th p
a t i t h ki g f K
re e l
s or e s odi pl c e re se n s e n o osa a, a n n on e a e

is ex p l y c ll d P
re ss di ( P ji
a t ) we h w c t m p
a se n a y f B d dh C f ra s e n a ,
o as a on e ora r o u a. .

B f Ei l
en . 2 25 O t h I di
n . d S l v ic v . i g iv by H W z l
er n an an a on e rs on s a re en . en e ,

J R A S 1 8 9 3 5 0 9 ff
, D G t gi v
,
R m i v i (J R A S 1 9 00 6 23 ) wh ich
. r as e r es a u an a n e rs on , ,

h p b b ly c m t h
as ro a g h t h Sl v ic f m t h B ddh i t M g l
o e rou e a on ro e u s on o s .

THE CONVERTED M I SER

O n ce on a time when B ra hm a da t t a was reign in g in
Be n ares there was a g il dma st e r I l l i s a by n ame who was
, , ,

worth eighty crores a n d had all the defe cts whi ch fal l to ,

the l ot of m a n He was l ame a n d crook ba cked a n d had .

-

a sq u i n t ; he was a n un co n verted i n fidel a n d a miser , ,

n ever givi n g o f his store to others n or e n j oyi n g it himself ,

his house was like a pool haun ted by ogres Yet for .
,

seve n ge n eratio n s his a n cestors had been bou n tifu l gi vi n g , ,

freely of their best ; but whe n he be came g il dma s t e r he ,

br oke through the traditi o n s of hi s house Burn i n g down .

the almo n ry a n d drivi n g the poor with blows from his

gates he hoarded his wealth, .

O n e day whe n return i n g home from atte n da n ce on ,

the ki n g he saw a yoke] who had j ourn eyed far a n d was

, ,
 THE CONVERTED MISER 93

a weary seated on a be n ch a n d filli n g a mug from a j ar of

-
, ,

ran k spirits a n d drin ki n g it off with a dai n ty morsel of

, ,

sti n ki n g dried fish as a relish At the sight he felt a th irst

-
.

for Spirits but he thought to himself If I drin k others

, ,
“
,

wi ll wan t to dri n k with me a n d that mean s a rui n ous ,

”
expe n se S o he walked about keepi n g his thirst u n der
.
,
.

But as time wore on he could do s o n o lo n ger ; he grew as

, ,

yellow as ol d cotto n a n d the vein s stood ou t on his sun ke n

frame O n a day retirin g to his chamber he lay down
.
, ,

huggi n g his bed His wife came to hi m a n d rubbed his .

,

back as s he asked What has go n e amiss with my lord ?

, ,
“

( What follows is to be told i n the words of the former

1
story ) B u t whe n she in her turn said Then I ll o n ly
.
, ,
“ ’

”
brew liquor e n ough for you he said If you make the , ,
“

brew in the house there will be man y on the watch ; a n d ,

to sen d ou t for the spirits a n d sit a n d drin k it here is out ,

of the questio n So he produced on e si n gle pe n n y a n d

.
,

se n t a slave to fet ch him a j ar of Spirits from the tavern .

Whe n the S l ave came back he made him go from the town ,

to the riverside a n d put the j ar dow n in a thicket n ear the

highway Now be off said he a n d made the slave wait
.
“
,

some dis tan ce off} while he filled his cup a n d fell to .

No w the g il dm a st e r s father who for his charity a n d

’

other good works had been re born as S akka in the Realm -

of gods was at that mome n t wo n deri n g whether his bou n ty

,

was sti l l kept up or n ot a n d be came aware of the stoppin g ,

of his boun ty a n d of his so n s behaviour H e s a w how hi s

,
’
.

s on breaki n g through the traditio n s of his house had

, ,

burn t t he almo n ry to the ground had drive n the poor ,

with blows from his gates a n d how in his miserli n ess , , ,

fearin g to share with others that s on had stolen away to ,

I t h i t d c t y t y t h Wif p p
1
n e n ro t c k c k u gh f th t w
or s or e e ro ose s o oo a e s e n ou or e o n .

H g d ll y d c t h m
e ra ua t t il h p mi
re t c k
u f him l
es e a ou n ,
un s e ro se s o oo on e or a on e .
94 THE CONVE RTED MISER
a thicket to drin k by himsel f Moved by the sight Sakka .
,

cried I will go to him a n d make my s on see that deeds

,
“

must have their cons eque n ces ; I wil l work his con versio n ,

a n d make him charitab l e a n d worthy o f re birth in the -

Real m of gods So he came down to earth a n d o n ce

.
,

more trod the ways of m e n puttin g on the semblan ce of ,

the g il dma s t e r I l l i s a with the l atter s lame n ess a n d crook

,
’

ba ck a n d squin t I n this gu ise he e n tered the city of

, .
,

R aja g a ha a n d made his way t o the pala ce gate where he -

bade hi s comi n g be an n oun ced to the ki n g Let him .

“

approa ch said the kin g ; a n d he e n tered a n d stood wi th

,

due obeisan ce before his maj esty .

What bri n gs you here at this u n usual hour Lord ,

m
”

g i l d a s t e r ? said the ki n g I am come Sire be cause .

“
, ,

I have in my house eighty crores of treasure Deign to .

have the m carried to fill the royal treasury Nay my .

“
,

Lord g il dma s t e r ; the treasure wi thi n my palace is greater

”
than this If you Sire wi l l n ot have it I S hall give it
.
, , ,

away to whom I wil l Do so by all mean s g il dma s t e r

.
” “
, ,

”
said the ki n g So be it sire said the preten ded I l l is a
.
“
, , ,

as with due obeisan ce he departed from the prese n ce to

the g il dma st e r s house The servan ts all gathered roun d
’
.

him but n ot on e coul d tel l that it was n ot their real

,

master E n teri n g he stood on the threshold a n d se n t for

.
,

the porter to who m he gave orders that if an ybody re

,

semblin g himsel f Should appear a n d c l aim to be master of

the house they Shou l d soun dl y cudgel such a on e a n d
throw him ou t Then moun tin g the stairs to the upper
.
,

story he sat down on a gorgeous cou ch a n d sen t for I l l i s a s

,
’

“
wife Whe n she came he said with a smile My dear let
.
, ,

us be bou n tiful .

A t these words wi fe chi ldre n a n d servan ts all thought

, , , ,

It s a l o n g time si n ce he was this way mi n ded It must

’
.
96 THE CONVERTED MI S ER
Y ou rascal ! I l l i sa the g il dm a s t e r is givi n g away his
, ,

wealth to all the city What has come to you . An d he

Spran g at the g il dm a s t e r a n d struck him on the back like
a falli n g thun derbolt a n d wen t off with the cart I l l i s a
, .

picked himself up trembli n g in every limb wiped off the

, ,

mud a n d hurryin g after his cart seized hold of it Agai n

, , .

the coun tryman g o t do wn a n d seizi n g I ll isa by the hair , ,

doubled him up a n d thumped him about the head for

so me time ; the n taki n g him by the throat he flun g him ,

back the way he had come a n d drove off Sobered by , .

this rough usa ge I l l is a hurried off home There seein g

, .
,

folk maki n g off with the treasure he fell to layi n g han ds ,

on here a m a n a n d there a m a n shrieki n g Hi ! what s ’

, ,

this ? I S t he ki n g despoili n g me ? A n d every m a n he

laid han ds on k n ocked him down Bruised a n d smartin g .
,

he sought to take refuge in his own house whe n the ,

porters stopped him with Holloa you rascal ! Where ,

“
,

might you be goi g n ? A n d first thrashi n g him soun dly

with bamboos they took their m a ster by the throat a n d
,

threw him out of doors There is n o n e but the ki n g left

.
“

”
to see me righte d groan ed I l l i s a a n d betook himself to
,

“ “
the pala ce .Why oh why sire he cried have you
, , , ,

”
plun dered me like this ?
“
Nay it was n ot I my Lord g il dm a s t e r said the ki n g
, , , .

Did you n ot yourself come a n d declare your i n te n tio n of

giving your wealth away if I would n ot accept it ? A n d,

did y ou n ot the n sen d the crier roun d a n d carry ou t your

threat ? Oh sire i n deed it was n ot I that came to y ou
,

on such a n erra n d Your maj esty k n ows how n ear a n d

.

cl ose I am a n d how I n ever give away so much as the

,
,

ti n iest drop of oil which a blade of grass will take up .

May it p l ease your maj esty to se n d for him who has given
my substa n ce away a n d to question hi m on the mat ter
, .
”
 THE CONVERTED MISER 97

Then the ki n g se n t for S akka A n d so exactly alike .

were the two that n either the ki n g n or his court could tell
which was the real g il dm a s t e r S aid the miser I ll i s a .
,

“
Who a n d what sire is this g il dma s t e r ? I am the gild
, , ,

master .

“
Well really I can t s a y which is the real I l l i sa said
,
’

the ki n g Is there a n ybody who ca n disti n guish them

.

for certai n ? Yes Sire my wife S o the wife was se n t

, , .

for a n d asked which of the two was her husban d And .

she said Sakka was her husban d a n d wen t to his side .

Then in turn I l l is a s childre n a n d servants were brought

’

in a n d asked the same questio n ; a n d all with on e accord

declared Sakka was the real g il dma st e r Here it flashed .

across I l l i s a s mi n d that he had a wart on his head hidde n

’

amo n g his hair the existe n ce of which was known o n ly to

,

his barber S o as a last resource he asked that his barber

.
, ,

might be se n t for to identify him Now at this time the .

B o dhis a t t a was his barber Accordi n gly the barber wa s .

,

s e n t for a n d asked if he could dist in guish the real from

”
the false I l l i sa .
“
I could tell sire said he if I might , , ,
“

” “
exami n e their heads The n look at both their heads
.
,

said the ki n g O n the i n stan t S akka ca u sed a wart to rise

.

on his head ! After exami n i n g the two the B odhis a t t a ,

reported that a s both alike had got warts on their heads

, ,

he couldn t for the life of him say which was the real man
’
.

An d therewithal he uttered this stan za :

B ot h s qu i n t ; b ot h ha l t ; b ot h me n a re hu n chb a ck s t oo ;
A n d b ot h ha v e w a rt s a li k e ! I ca n n ot t e ll
Whi ch of t he t w o t he re a l I ll i s a i s .

Heari n g his last hOpe thus fail him the g il dma st e r fell ,

i n to a tremble ; a n d such was his i n tolerable an guish at

the loss of his beloved riches that down he fell in a s woon , .

Thereupo n S akka put forth his transcendental powers ,

F. & T .
7
 98 THE CONVERTED MI S ER
an d
risi n g in the air addressed the kin g the n ce in these
, ,

“
words : Not I l l i s a am I 0 ki n g but Sakka Then those , , .
”

aroun d wi ped I l l i s a s face a n d dashed water over him ’

.

Re coveri n g he rose to his feet a n d bowed to the groun d

,

before Sakka Ki n g of gods The n said Sakka I l l i s a, .

,
“
,

min e was the wealth n ot thi n e ; I am thy father a n d thou , ,

art my s on I n my lifetime I was bou n tiful toward the

.

poor a n d rej oiced in doi n g good ; wherefore I am a d ,

v a n ce d to this high estate a n d am be come Sakka But .

thou walki n g n ot in my footsteps art grow n a n iggard

, ,

a n d a very miser ; thou hast burn t my almo n ry t o the

groun d drive n the poor from the gate a n d hoarded

, ,

thy ri ches Thou hast n o e n j oyme n t t hereof thyself n or

.
,

has a n y other human bei n g ; but thy store is be come like

a pool hau n ted by ogres whereat n o m a n may slake hi s ,

thirst Albeit if thou wilt rebui l d min e almo n ry a n d

.
,

s hew bou n ty to the poor it S hal l be a ccou n ted t o thee for ,

righteous n ess But if thou wi l t n o t the n will I strip thee

.
, ,

o f all that thou hast a n d c l eave thy head with this thu n der ,

”
bolt of I n dra a n d thou shalt die ,
.

At this threat Il li s u quaki n g for his l ife cried out , , ,

He n ceforth I will be boun tifu l A n d Sakka a ccepted .

his promise a n d still seated in mid air established his s on

, ,
-
,

in the Comman dme n ts a n d prea ched the Truth t o him ,

departi n g thereaft er to his o wn abode A n d I l l is a was .

diligen t in almsgivi n g a n d other good works a n d so ,

assured his re birth thereafter in heave n -

.

R p ct i g t hi
es et y n t ic l b y t h t
s s or l t [ S i R Ch l m ] i t h
, se e an ar e e ra n s a or r . a e rs n e

l J t h R y l A i t i S i ty f J
“
J ou rn a ( e o
y 1 89 2
a t it l d Th Li
s a c
g f th oc e or anuar ,
en e e nea e o e
‘
Prou d Cf G e s t a R om 5 9 , D e s upe rb i a
. . n i m ia , re t ol d b y Lon gf e l l ow, Ta l e s
o f a Wa y s ide I n n , K i n g R ob e r t of S icil y .
1 00 TH E VAL IANT DWARF
A ccordi n gly the B o dhis a t t a took the weaver with him
,

to Ben ares a ctin g as a little page of the bow a n d puttin g

, ,

the other in the fro n t ; a n d whe n they were at the gates of

the palace he made him sen d word of his comin g to the
,

ki n g Bei n g summo n ed i n to the royal presen ce the pair

.
,

e n tered together a n d bowi n g stood before the ki n g .

What bri n gs y ou here ? sa id the k i n g I am a mighty .

archer said B hi m a s e n a ; there is n o archer like me in

,
“

the whole co n ti n en t What pay would you wan t to .

“

e n ter my ser vice ? A thousan d pieces a fort n i ght sire ,

.

What is this m a n of yours ? He s my little page sire ” “ ’

, .

Very we l l e n ter my se rvi ce ,

.

S o B hi ma s e n a e n tered the ki n g s service ; but it was

’

the B odhis a t t a who did all his work for him Now in .

those days there was a tiger in a forest in K a si whi ch

b l o cked a frequen ted high road a n d had devoured man y -

v i ctims When this was reported to the ki n g he sen t for

.
,

B hi m a se n a a n d asked whether he could cat ch the tiger .

“
How could I call myself a n ar cher S ire if I could n t , ,
’

”
cat ch a tiger ? The ki n g gave him l argesse a n d se n t
him on the erran d A n d home to the B o dhis a t t a came .

B hi ma se n a with the n ews All right said the B o dhisa t t a ; “

.
,

”
away y ou go my frien d But are you n ot comi n g too ?
,
.
“ ”

No I wo n t go ; but I ll te l l you a l itt l e p l an

’

,
’
P l ease .
“

” “
do my frie n d Wel l do n t you be rash a n d approach ’
.
, ,
’
the tiger s lair al o n e What y ou will do is to muster .

a stro n g ban d of coun try folk t o march to the spot with -

a thousan d or t wo thousan d bows ; whe n you kn ow that

the tiger is aroused y ou bolt i n to the thi cket a n d lie dow n
,

flat o n your fa ce The coun try fo l k wi l l beat the tiger

.
-

to death ; a n d as soon as he is quite dead you bite o ff ,

a creeper with yo u r teeth a n d draw n ear to the dead ,

tiger trai l i n g the creeper in your han d At the S ight

,
.
 THE VALIANT DWARF 101

of the dead body of the brute you will burst out with ,

‘
Who has killed the tiger ? I mean t to lead it by a
creeper like a n ox to the ki n g a n d with this i n tent had
, , ,

j ust stepped i n to the thicket to get a creeper I must .

k n ow who killed the tiger before I could get back with

my creeper The n the co u n try folk wi ll be very frighten ed
.
’
-

a n d bribe y ou heavily n o t to report t he m t o the ki n g ; y o u

'

will be credited with slayi n g the tiger ; a n d the ki n g t o o

”
will give you lots of mo n ey .

“
Very good said B hima s e n a ; a n d off he wen t a n d
,
”

slew the tiger j ust as the B odhis a t t a had told him .

Havi n g thus made the road safe for travellers back he ,

came with a large followi n g to Ben ares a n d said to the ,

ki n g I have k illed the tiger sire ; the forest is safe for

,
“
,

travellers n ow Well pleased the kin g l oaded him wi th

.
-
,

gifts .

An other day tidi n gs ca me that a certai n road was

,

i n fested with a buffalo a n d the kin g se n t B him a se n a to

,

ki ll it Followin g the B o dhis a t t a s direction s he killed

.
’

the buffalo in the same way as the tiger a n d return ed ,

to the ki n g who o n ce m ore gave him lots of mo n ey He

, .

was a great lord n ow I n toxicated by his n e w hon ours.

,

he treated the B odhis a t t a with co n tempt a n d scorn ed ,

to follow his advice sayi n g I ca n get on without you

, ,
“
.

Do y ou thin k there s n o m a n but yourself ? ’

This a n d
man y other harsh thi n gs di d he s a y to the B o dhis a t t a .

Now a few days later a hostile ki n g m arched upo n

, ,

Ben ares a n d beleaguered it se n di n g a message to the ki n g ,

summo n i n g him either to surre n der his ki n gdom or to do

battle An d the k in g of Be n ares ordered B hi m a se n a ou t to
.

fight him S O B him a s e n a was armed cap a pie in soldierly

.
- -

fashio n a n d moun ted on a war elephan t sheathed in -

complete armour An d the B o dhis a t t a who was se ri ously

.
,
1 02 THE VALI AN T DWARF
alarmed that B hima se n a might get killed armed himself ,

cap a pie also a n d seated himself modestl y behi n d B hi

- -

mase n a Surroun ded by a host the elephan t passed ou t

.
,

o f the gates of the city a n d arrived in the forefro n t of the

battle At the first n otes of the martia l drum B him a se n a

.

fell a quaki n g with fear

-
If y ou fall off n ow you ll get
.
“
,
’

killed said B odhis a t t a a n d accordi n gly faste n ed a cord

, ,

roun d him whi ch he held tight to preve n t hi m from

, ,

falli n g off the elephan t But the sight of the field of .

battle proved t oo much for B hi ma se n a a n d the fear of ,

death was so stro n g on him that he foul ed the elephan t s ’

ba ck Ah said the B odhisa t t a the prese n t does n ot

.
“
, ,
“

tally wi th the pas t The n y ou affected the warrior ; n ow

.

your prowess is co n fi n ed t o befouli n g the elephan t y ou

ride on A n d so sayin g he uttered this stan za :
.
,

You v a u n t e d y ou r p row e ss a n d l ou d w a s y ou r b oas t ; ,

You s w ore y ou w ou l d v a n q u i s h t he f oe !
B u t is it con s i st e n t ,
w he n f a ce d wi t h t he ir hos t ,
v e n t y ou r e mot ion s i r s o ?
To , ,

When the B o dhis a t t a had e n ded these taun ts he sai d , ,

But do n t y ou be afraid my frien d Am n ot I here to

’

, .

protect you ? The n he made B him a s e n a get off the

elephan t a n d bade him wash himself a n d go home An d .
“

n o w to wi n re n own this day said the B o dhis a t t a rais in g ,

”

his battle —cry as he dashed i n to the fight Breaki n g .

through the ki n g s camp he dragged the ki n g out a n d

’

took him alive to Be n ares I n great j oy at his prowess .

,

his royal master loaded him with ho n ours a n d from that ,

day forward all I n dia was loud wi th the fame of the Sage
Little Bowman To B hi m a s e n a he gave largesse a n d se n t
.
,

him ba ck to his own home ; whilst he himself excel l ed in

charity a n d all good works a n d at his death passed away ,

to fare a ccordin g to his deserts .

Cf Grimm 2 0 , The
. va l ia n t Ta i l or, An m .
 04 THE S TOLEN JEWEL S
1
rustic took to his heels in alarm There he goes cried .
“
,

the guards catchi n g Sight of the run away ; a n d they

,

followed hi m up till they caught hi m a n d wi th blows ,

deman ded what he mean t by steali n g such pre cious

j ewels .

Thought he If I deny the charge I shall die with ,

“
,

the beati n g I S hall get from these ru ffia n s I d better say .

’

I took it So he co n fessed to the theft a n d was hauled

.
”

ofl a priso n er to the ki n g Did y ou take those precious

’

”
j ewe l s ? asked the ki n g Y e s your maj esty Where .
“
, .
“

are they n ow ? Please your maj esty I m a poor ma n ;

” “
, ,
’

I ve n ever in my life own ed an ythi n g eve n a bed o r a

’

C hair of a n y value — mu ch less a j ewel It was the gild .

, ,

master who made me take that valuable n e ckla ce ; a n d

I took it a n d gave it to him He kn ows all about it . .
”

The n the ki n g se n t for the g il dm a s t e r a n d asked ,

whether the rusti c had passed the n ecklace on to hi m .

”
“
Yes sire was the an swer
,
Where is it the n ?
, I gave .
“

’ ”
it to your maj esty s family priest The n the priest was .

se n t for a n d i n terrogated in the same way A n d he said

, .

he had give n it to the chief musician who in his turn ,

said he had give n it to a courtesan as a prese n t But S he .

,

bein g brought before the ki n g utterly de n ied ever havin g ,

re ceived it .

Whilst the five were thus bei n g questio n ed the su n ,

se t It s too late n ow said the ki n g ; we wi l l look i n to

.
“ ’

,
“

this t o morrow -
So b e han ded the five over to hi s
.

mi n i sters a n d we n t ba ck i n to the city Hereupo n the .

B o dhis a t t a fell a thi n ki n g

”
These j ewels thought he
-
.
“
, ,

“
were lost i n side the grou n ds whilst the rusti c wa s ,

outside There was a stro n g guard at the gates a n d it

.
,

was impossible for an yo n e i n side to get away wi t h the

1 Or pe rha ps a tax pa yi n g ry ot .
”
 THE S TOLEN JEWEL S 105

n eckl ace I do n ot see how an yo n e whether i n side o r

.
,

ou t could have man aged to secure it

, The truth is this .

poor wretched fellow must have said he gave it to the

g il dm a s t e r merely i n order to save his o w n Ski n ; a n d the

g il dm a s t e r must have said he gave it to the priest in

the hope that he would get off if he could mix the pri est
up in the matter Further the priest must have said he
.
,

gave it to the chief musician because he thought the ,

latter would make the time pass merrily in priso n ; whilst

the chief musician s obj ect in implicatin g the co u rtesan
’

was simply to solace himself with her compan y duri n g

impriso n me n t Not on e of the whole five has an ythi n g
.

to do with the theft O n the other han d the grou n ds

.
,

swarm with mo n keys a n d the n ecklace must have g o t

,

i n to the han ds of on e of the female mo n keys .

Whe n he had arrived at this co n clusio n the B odhisa t t a ,

wen t to the ki n g with the request that the suspects might

b e ha n ded over to him and that he might be allowed to
e xami n e perso n ally i n to the matter By all mean s my “
.
,
” ”
wise friend said the ki n g ; exami n e in to it
,
.

The n the B odhisa t t a sen t for his servan ts a n d told

them where to lodge the five priso n ers sayi n g Keep , ,

s trict wat ch over them ; liste n to everythi n g they s a y a n d ,

report it all to me An d hi s serva n ts did as he bade

.

them As the priso n ers sat together the g il dma st e r said

.
,

to the rustic Tell me you wret ch where y ou a n d I ever

,
“
, ,

m e t before this day : tell me whe n y ou gave me that

”
n ecklace Worshipful Sir said the other it has n ever “
.
, ,

been mine to o wn aught so valuable eve n as a stool or

bedstead that was n t ri cke ty I thought that with your
’
.

help I should get o u t of this trouble a n d that s why I said

’

What I did Be n ot an gry with me my lord

. S aid the ,
.

pries t in hi s turn to the gi l dm a s t e r How then came y o u ,

106 THE S TOLEN JEWEL S
to pass on to me what thi s fellow ha d n ever give n to
”
you ? I o n ly said so because I thought that if you and
I both high ofii ce rs of state stan d together we ca n soon
, , ,
”
put the matter right Brahmi n n ow said the chief
.
“
,

musician to the priest whe n pray did you give the ,

“
, ,

”
j ewel to me ? I o n ly said I did a n swered the priest
“
, ,

“
because I thought you would help to make the time
pass more ag reeably Lastly the courtesan said Oh
.
,
“
,

you wretch of a musicia n you kn ow y ou n ever vi sited ,

me n or I y ou So when could you have give n me the

, .

” ”
neckla ce as you sa y ? , Why be an gry my dear ? said “
,

the musi cian ; we five have got t o keep house together

for a bit ; so let us put a cheerful fa ce o n it a n d be happy
”
together .

This co n versatio n be in g reported to the B odhisa t t a by

his age n ts he felt co n vi n ced the five were al l i n n o ce n t of
,

the robbery a n d that a female mo n key had take n the

,

n eckla ce An d I must fin d a mean s t o make her drop

.

it said he to himse l f So he had a n umber of he a d

,
”
.

n e ckla c es made Next he had a n umber of mo n keys

.

caught a n d turn ed loose agai n with stri n gs of beads on ,

their n e cks wrists a n d a n cl es, Mean time the guilty .

,

mo n key kept sitti n g in the trees watchi n g her treasure .

The n the B o dhisa t t a ordered a n umber of m e n to observe

every mo n key in the groun ds carefu lly ti l l they sa w on e ,

weari n g the missi n g pearl n e cklace a n d the n frighte n her ,

i n to droppi n g it .

Tricked out in their n e w sple n dour the other mo n keys ,

strutted about ti l l they came to the re a l t hi ef to whom ,

they said See ou r n e cklaces

,
“
Jealousy over comin g .

her pru de n ce S he exclaimed They re o n l y beads ! a n d

, ,
“ ’

put on her o wn n ecklace of real pearls Thi s was at o n ce .

see n by the wat chers who promptly made her drop the ,
108 THE TOO CLEVE R MERCHANT -

Because while you are o n l y Wise I am Wisest An d , .

Wise ought to have o n l y on e share to Wis e st s two ’

.

“
But we both had a n equal i n terest in the stock in — trade -

a n d in the oxe n a n d waggo n s Why should you have two .

”
Shares ? Because I am Wisest An d so they talked .

away till they fell to quarrell in g .

Ah ! thought Wisest I have a plan An d he

“ “
.
,

made hi s father hide in a hollow tree e n j oi n in g the ol d ,

ma n to say whe n the two came Wisest Should have a

, ,
“

”
double portio n This arran ged he we n t to the Bodhi
.
,

satta a n d proposed to him to refer the claim for a double

share to the compete n t decisio n of the tree divi n ity The n .

he made his appeal in these words : Lord decide o u r “

,

cause Hereupo n the father who was hidde n in the tree , ,

in a chan ged voi ce asked them to state the case The .

cheat addressed the tree as follows : Lord here stan ds “

,

Wise a n d here stan d I Wisest We have bee n part n ers

, .

”
in trade Decl are what share ea ch should receive
. .

Wise sho u l d receive on e share a n d Wisest two was

“
, ,

the respo n se .

Heari n g this decisio n the B odhis a t t a resolved t o fin d ,

out whether it was i n deed a tree di vi n i ty o r n ot So he .

filled the hol l ow trun k with straw a n d set it on fire An d .

Wise s t s father was half roasted by the risin g flames a n d

’

clambered up by clutchi n g hold of a bough Falli n g to .

the groun d he uttered thi s stan za

,

W is e ri g ht l y Wi se st w ron g ly g ot hi s n a me ;
,

T hrou g h W i s e st I m n i g h roa s t e d i n t he fl a m e ’
‘

, .

The n the two merchan ts made a n equal di visio n a n d

ea ch took half a n d at their deaths passed away to fare,

a ccordi n g to their deserts .

A m wh t m t il t d v
so e a i f D t b ddhi
u d A b ddhi (D h m b ddhi )
a e e rs on o us a u a n u a r a u

P ( T ) L 1 5 S m LX 2 1 1 (ii
. .
,
o K D (Sy ) I 1 3 ( A b ) v
. . . . . n .
,
ra .
 THE LO QUACIOU S BRAHMIN
O n ce on a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the B o dhis a t t a was on e of the ki n g s courtiers
’
.
,

A n d the ki n g s family priest of those days was so talkative

’

a n d lo n gwi n ded that whe n he o n ce started n o on e else

, ,

could get a word in So the ki n g cast about for someo n e

.

t o cut the priest short a n d looked high a n d low for such

,

a n on e Now at that time there was a cripple in Be n ares

.

who was a wo n derfu l marksman wi th sto n es a n d the boys ,

used t o put him on a little cart a n d draw him to the gates

of Be n ares where there is a large bra n chin g ban ya n tree
-

covered with leaves There they would gather roun d a n d

.

give him half pen ce sayi n g Make a n elephan t or Make

-

,
‘
,
’ ‘

a horse A n d the cripple would throw sto n e after sto n e

.
’

till he had cu t the foliage i n to the shapes asked for A n d .

the groun d was covered with falle n leaves .

O n his way t o his pleasaun ce the ki n g came to the

spot a n d all the boys scampered off in fear of the ki n g
, ,

leavi n g the cripple there helpless At the Sight of the .

litter of leaves the ki n g asked as he rode by in his ,

chariot who had cut the leaves off A n d he was told

, .

that the cripple had do n e it Thin ki n g that here might .

be a way t o stop the priest s mouth the ki n g asked where ’

the cripple was a n d was shewn him Sittin g at the foot

,

of the tree The n the ki n g had him brought t o him a n d

.
,

motio n i n g his retin ue to stan d apart said to the cripple , ,

“
I have a very talkative priest Do y ou thi n k y ou could .

stop his talki n g ?

Yes sire — if I had a peashooter fu ll of dry goat s
, ,
’

”
du n g said the cripple The n the ki n g had him take n
, .

to the palace a n d s e t with a peashooter ful l of dry goat s ’

dun g behi n d a curtai n with a slit in it faci n g the priest s ,

’
1 10 THE LO QUACIOU S BRAHM IN
seat . Whe n the brahmi n came to wait upo n the ki n g
a n d was seated on the seat prepared for him his maj esty ,

started a co n versatio n A n d the priest fo rthwith mon o .

p o l iz e d the co n versatio n a n d n o on e else cou l d get a ,

word in Hereo n the cripple shot the pell ets of goat s

.
’

dun g o n e by on e like flies through the slit in the curtai n

, ,

right i n to the priest s gullet A n d the brahmi n swal lowed ’

.

the pellets down as they came like so mu ch Oil till all , ,

had disappeared Whe n the who l e peashooter full of .

-

pe ll ets was l odged in the priest s stom a ch they swelled ’

to the size of half a peck ; a n d the ki n g k n owi n g they ,

were al l go n e addressed the brahmi n in these words :

,

“
Revere n d s ir s o talkative are y o u that you have
, ,

swallowed down a peashooter full of goat s dun g without -

’

n oti ci n g it That s about as much as you will be able ’

.

to take at a sitti n g N ow go home a n d take a dose of .

pan ick seed a n d water by way of emeti c a n d put yourself ,

”
right agai n .

From that day the priest kept his mouth shut a n d

sat as Si l e n t duri n g co n versatio n as though his lips were
sealed .

“
Well my ears are i n debted to the cripple for this
,

”
relief said the ki n g a n d bestowed on him four villages
, , ,

o n e in the North o n e in the South on e in the West a n d

, , ,

o n e i n the East produ ci n g a hu n dred thousa n d a year

, .

The B odhis a t t a drew n ear to the ki n g a n d said I n ,

this world sire Ski l l should be cul tivated by the wise

, , .

Mere Sk il l in aimi n g has brought this cripple all this

prosperity So sayi n g he uttered thi s stan za
.

P ri z e s k ill ,
an d n ot e t he m a rk s ma n l a me ;
—
F ou r vi ll a g e s re w a rd hi s a i m .
 THE LUCKY SNEE Z E
O n ce on a time when B ra hm a da t t a was reign in g in
Ben ares he had in his servi ce a brahmin who professed
,

to tell whether swords were lucky or n ot a n d all came to ,

pass as in the I n trod u ctory S tory A n d the ki n g called ’

.

in the surgeo n s a n d had him fitted w ith a false tip to h is

n ose w h i ch was cun n i n gly pain ted fo r all the world like
a real n ose ; a n d the n the brahmi n resumed hi s duties
again about the kin g N ow B ra hma da t t a had n o s on .
,

o n l y a daughter a n d a n ephew whom he had brought up ,

u n der his own eye An d whe n these two grew up they .

,

fe ll in love with on e an other So the ki n g se n t for his .

coun ci l lors a n d said to them My n ephew is heir to the ,

thro n e If I give him my daughter to wife he S hall be

.
,
”
a n oi n ted k in g .

But on se co n d thoughts he decided that as in a n y

, ,

case his n ephew was like a s o n he had better marry h im ,

to a foreign pri n cess a n d give hi s daughter t o a pri n ce

’
,

of a n o t he r roy a l house F o r he thought thi s plan would .

, ,

give him more gran d childre n a n d vest in his lin e the

sceptres of two several ki n gdoms An d after co n sulti n g .
,

with his cou n cil l ors he resolved to separate the t wo a n d , ,

they were a ccordi n gly made to dwell apart from o n e

an other Now they were sixtee n years ol d a n d very mu ch
.

in love a n d the you n g pri n ce thought o f n othin g but how

,

to carry off his cousi n from her father s palace At last ’

the plan struck him of se n din g for a wise woman to whom ,

he gave a pocketful of mo n ey .

Th b h mi i B ddh t im w wh t k b ib ’
1
e ra w dt t
n n uA di p a s e as a s or -
e s e r, o oo r es . sa

p i t d mit h b g h t w d d p t it i t t h h t h wit h m p pp Wh
o n e s rou a s or an u n o e s ea so e e er
. en

th b
e hmi iff d t t h w d d p t d d t t t it h
ra n sn e a z d d pl it
e s or an re e n e o es , e sn e e e an s

his n os e .
 THE LUCKY SNEE Z E 113

An d what am I to do for this ? said S he .

There is n othi n g you can t do tell me how you ca n get ’

my u n cle to let his daughter ou t of the palace .

A n d she promised to help him a n d said that she ,

would tell the kin g that his daughter was un der the
in flue n ce of witchcraft but that as the demo n had , ,

possessed her s o lo n g that he was off his guard she ,

would take the pri n cess on e day in a carriage t o the

ceme t ery with a stro n g es cort u n der arms a n d there in ,

a magic circle lay the pri n cess on a bed with a dead ma n

u n der it a n d with a hu n dred a n d eight douches of
,

s ce n ted water wash the demo n out of her An d whe n .

“

”
on this pretext I bri n g the pri n cess t o the cemetery ,

co n ti n ued the wise woman mi n d that you j ust reach the

,

cemetery before us in yo u r carriage with a n armed escort ,

tak i n g some groun d pepper with you Arrived at the .

cemetery y ou will leave your carriage at the e n tran ce

, ,

a n d despat ch your m e n to the cemetery grove while you ,

will yourself go t o the top of the moun d a n d lie down

as though dead The n I will come a n d set up a bed over
.

y o u o n which I will lay the pri n cess The n will come the .

time whe n you must sn iff at the pepper till you sn eeze
two or three times a n d whe n y ou s n eeze we will leave the
,

pri n cess a n d take t o ou r heels Thereo n you a n d the .

pri n cess must bathe all over a n d you must take her ,
” “
home with y ou Capital said the pri n ce ; a most
.
,
“

ex cellen t device .

S o away we n t the wise woman to the k in g a n d he fell ,

in with her idea as di d the pri n cess whe n it was explain ed

,

to her .Whe n the day came the old woman told the ,

pri n cess their erran d a n d said to the guards on the road

,

in order to frighte n them “

Liste n U n der the bed that
,
.

I shall set up there will be a dead ma n ; a n d that dead

,

F . & T. 8
1 14 THE LUCKY SNEE Z E
ma n w ill sn eeze mark we l l that so soon as he has
. An d ,

s n eezed he wi l l
, come ou t from u n der the bed a n d seiz e

on the first perso n he fi n ds So be prepared all of y o u

.
,
.

Now the prin ce had a l re a dv got to the pla ce a n d got

under the bed as had bee n arra n ged .

Next the cro n e led o ff the pri n cess a n d laid her upo n
the bed whisperi n g to her n ot t o be afraid At o n ce the
,
.

prin ce s n if ed at the pepper a

f n d a —
fe l l s n eezi n g A n d .

scarce had he begun t o s n eeze before the wise woman left

the pri n cess a n d with a loud s cream was O ff quicker t han ,

a y of them
n N o t a m a n stood his grou d
. n — O n e a n d all

they threw away their arms a n d bo l ted fo r dear life .

Hereo n the pri n ce came forth a n d bore o ff the pri n cess

to his home as had bee n before arran ged A n d the ol d
,
.

woman made her way to the ki n g a n d to l d him what had

happe n ed .

”
“
Well thought the ki n g I a l ways i n te n ded her for
, ,

hi m a n d they ve grown up together like ghee in ri ce

’

porridge So he did n t fly i n to a passio n but in course

.
’

of time made his n ephew ki n g of the la n d with his ,

daughter as quee n co n sort -

.

Now the n e w ki n g kept on in his service the brahmi n

who professed to tel l the temper of swords a n d on e day ,

as he stood in the su n the false tip t o the brahmi n s n ose

,
’

got loose a n d fell o ff: A n d t here he stood han gi n g his

head fo r very Shame Never mi n d n ever m i n d laughed
.
“
, ,
”

the ki n g . S n eezin g is good fo r some but bad for others , .

O n e s n eeze lost y o u your n ose ; whi l st I have to than k a

s n eeze for both my thro n e a n d quee n So sayi n g he .

uttered this stan za :

Ou r di v e rs e f a t e s t hi s m oral she w ,

—Wha t b ri n g s on e we a l , m a y w ork a n ot he r w oe .

So spake the ki n g , an d after a life spe n t in charity

116 THE HYPOCRITICAL JA OKAL
n othi n g had happe n ed I n con sequen ce of this the rats .

grew fewer a n d fewer till they n oti ced the gaps in their ,

ran ks a n d wo n deri n g why this was s o asked the Bodhi

, ,

satta the reaso n He could n ot make it ou t but .

,

suspecti n g the j a ckal resolved to put him to the test , .

S O n ext day he let the other rats go out first a n d hi mself

brought up the rear The j ackal made a Spri n g on the .

B o dhi s a t t a who seei n g him comi n g faced rou n d a n d , ,

cried S o this is yo u r sain tli n ess you hypocrite a n d

, ,

rascal ! A n d b e repeated the followin g sta n za

Whe re s a in t l i n e s s i s b u t a cloa k
Whe re b y t o co z e n g u il e l e ss f ol k
A n d s cre e n a v ill a i n s t re a che ry ’
,

— The ca t -
li ek n a t u re t he re w e se e .

So sayi n g the ki n g of the rats Spran g at the j ackal s ,

’

throat a n d hit his wi n dpipe asu n der j ust u n der the j aw ,

so that he died Ba ck trooped the other rats a n d .

gobbled up the body of the j a ckal with a crun ch crun ch ‘

, ,

cru n ch — that is to say the foremost of them did for they

’

, ,

s a y there was n o n e left fo r the l ast comers A n d ever -

.

aft er the rats lived happil y in pea ce a n d quiet .

Th g h t h f
ou g i g p l t te j ck l t h t z p k f t ( b il a )
ore o n ros e re a e s o a a a , e s an a s ea s o a ca ra ,

as d th v
oe s i i Tib T X Le I t h v i t J a t 1 2 9 t h j c k l wi
e rs on n c fid c . . . n e ar an . e a a ns on en e

th g h t h t ft f h i hi h d mb li g c t ic t wh ich w
’
rou e u o a r on ll s ea ,
re s e n an as e s o n su re , as a

t h h i h h d l ft ft
e a r c pi g f t fi Thi i t h m m t iv
e a e a Th b l
er es a n a ore s re . s s e sa e o e as e ue

J k l P ( T ) I 8 I J a t 3 8 4 t h h yp c it i
ac a ,
. . . c w w h ic h i c l t t t h v i
. n . e o r e s a ro ,
s ose s o e e rs on

o f M bh ch 4 1 Wh t h g g t i g
. II . . H t l c mp
,
P (T ) III 14
e re e e -
ea er s a oos e . er e o a re s . .
,

(B ) 2 i w h ich
11 1 .
p w n d h g t h yp c it ic l t t d cid di p t
a s a rro an a re o o a o r a ca o e e a s u e .

S m L XII 4 6 (ii
o . b t f J at 4 00 p 2 6 7
. . u o . .
, . .
 THE GOLDEN GOO S E
O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in
Be n ares the B odhisa t t a was born a brahmi n a n d growi n g
, ,

up was married to a bride of his own ran k who bore him ,

three daughters n amed Nan d a Na n da v a t i a n d S un dari ,

n an d a The B odhis a t t a dyi n g they were taken in by

.
,

n eighbo u rs a n d frie n ds whilst he was born agai n i n to the

,

world as a golden goose e n dowed with co n sciousn ess of

its former existen ces Growi n g up the bird Viewed his own
.
,

magn ifi ce n t size a n d golde n plumage a n d remembered ,

that previously he had bee n a human be in g Discoveri n g .

that his wife a n d daughters were livi n g on the charity of

others the goose bethought him of his plumage like
,

hammered a n d beate n gold a n d how by givi n g them a

golde n feather at a time he could e n able his wife a n d
daughters to live in comfort S o away he flew t o where .

'

they dwelt a n d alighted on the t op of the ce n tral beam

of the roo f Seei n g the B odhis a t t a the wife a n d girls
.
,

asked where he had come from ; a n d he told them that he

was their father who had died a n d bee n born a golden
goose a n d that he had come to visit them a n d put a n
,

e n d to their miserable n ecessity of worki n g for hire .

“ ”
You Shall have my feathers said he on e by on e
, ,
“
,

a n d they will sell for e n ough to keep o u all in ease

y
a n d comfort So sayi n g he gave them on e of his
.
,

feathers a n d departed A n d from time to time he

.

return ed to give them an other feather a n d with the pro ,

ce e ds of their sale these brahmi n wome n grew prosperous -

a n d quite well to do But on e day the mother said to her

- -
.

daughters There s n o trusti n g an imal s my childre n

,
’

, .

’
Who s to say your father might n ot go away on e of these
days and n ever come ba ck agai n ? Let us use our time a n d
118 THE GR A TEFUL MOU S E
pluck him clean n ext time he comes so as to make sure of ,

a l l his feathers Thi n ki n g this would pai n him the .

,

daughters refused The mother in her greed cal led the .

golde n goose to her on e day whe n he came a n d then ,

took him with both han ds a n d plucked him Now the .

B o dhis a t t a s feathers had this property that if they were

’

plu cked out agai n st his wish they ceased t o be go l den ,

a n d be ca m e like a cra n e s feathers

’
An d n ow the poor .

bird though b e stret ched his wi n gs coul d n ot fly a n d the

, , ,

woman flun g him i n to a barrel a n d gave him food there .

As time we n t on his feathers grew again (though they

were plai n white o n es n ow) a n d he flew away to hi s own ,

abode a n d n e ver came ba ck agai n .

Th i i m cl l y l t d t A p G wi t h t h g ld H l m 34 3
’
s s ore ose Eg g
re a e o e so s oos e e o en s, a ,

B b a 123 t hr
. th ,
I di v i t I P (B) II 5 b h mi f d
an a re o er n an ar an s . n . I . a ra n ee s a

sn a k d fi d d i ly
e, an di i t h b wl
n sHi a t g t t h wh l t
a nar t i n e o s son o e e o e re a s u re r es

t k ill t h
o k b t i b it t
e sn a d k ill d The, k t ll t h b h mi t h t h c m
u s en an e . e sn a e e s e ra n a e o es

f m g
ro d d f t h v
re e ,
an y m t d wit h him
re u se s I G t R m 14 1 (1 3 3)
o a e an ore o o . n es a o .

it i t h f t h
s wh t i
e ta kil l t her k H oth h w v
res c ct t hi wit h
o e sn a e . a us ra ,
o e e r, on n e s s

Th C t ym
e d S
ou n rk H lm 97 B b an 167 I P ( B ) III 1 3
a n f wl
na ct he, a , a r . . n . . a o er a c es

a b i d wh r c m t t t g l d d g iv it t t h k i g H f t b l i v
os e e x re en s u rn o o ,
an es o e n . e re us e s o e e e

t h f wle d ot th b i d f
er an S t h gip y v i t i t h
se s e t t J a t 2 84
r re e . ee e s ar a n n e no e o .
,

p 2 1 8 Cf J c b 6 7 Cl t i 1 2 3 fi
. . . a o s ,
ous on , .
'

TH E GRATEFUL MOUSE
O n ce on a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign in g in
Be n ares the B odhis a t t a was born a sto n e cutter a n d grow
,
-

in g up be came expert in worki n g sto n es Now in the K a si .

cou n t ry there dwelt a very rich mer chan t who had amassed
forty crores in go l d A n d whe n his wife died s o stro n g .
,

was her love of mo n ey that S he was re born a mouse a n d -

dwe l t over the treasure A n d on e by on e the whole family .

died i n cl udi n g the mer chan t himself Likewise the Vill age
, .

became deserted a n d forlorn At the time of o u r story .

1 20 THE GRATEFUL MOU S E
the mouse a n d a like arran gemen t had to be made the ,

s upply was di vided i n to four portio n s An d later a fourt h .

cat caught her a n d the food had t o be divided amo n g five

, ,

so that the mouse redu ced to such short commo n s grew , ,

so thin as to be n othin g but ski n a n d bo n e Remarkin g .

how emaciated his frie n d was gettin g the B odhis a t t a ,

asked the reaso n The n the mouse told him al l that had
.

befalle n her .

”
“
Why didn t y o tell me all this before
u
’
? said the
B o dhisa t t a Cheer up I ll help y ou ou t of your troubles
“ ’

,
. .

So he took a block of the purest crystal a n d scooped ou t

a cavity in it a n d made the mouse get i n side Now stop .

”
there said he a n d do n t fail to fier cely threate n a n d
, ,
“ ’

revile all who come n ear .

”

S O the mouse crept i n to the crystal cell a n d waited .

Up came o n e of the cats a n d deman ded his meat Away .

“
,

vi le grimalkin said the mouse ,

why Should I supply you ? “

go home a n d eat your kitte n s ! I n furiated at these words ,

a n d n ever suspe cti n g the mouse to be i n side the crysta l ,

the cat spran g at the mouse to eat her up a n d s o furious

was its sprin g that it broke the wal ls of its chest a n d its
eyes started from its head S O that ca t died a n d its .

carcass tumbled down o u t o f sight A n d the l ike fate in .

turn befell all four cats A n d ever aft er the grateful .

mouse brought the B odhisa t t a two or three coi n s i n stead

of on e as before a n d by degrees S he thus gave him the
,

whole of the hoard I n u n broke n frien dship the two lived .

together till their lives e n ded a n d they passed away to

,

fare a ccordi n g to their deserts .

B ddh g h
u X I I wh t h B dhi t t i c v t i g t t mpl d m k
a os a V I ,
e re e o sa a s ex a a n a s on e e e, an a es

a sm l l h l i t h t mpl wh
a o e n th e t e b f f m th c t
e, S f
e re c e ra ca n e sa e ro e a s . ee re e re n es

t th g t f l b
o e ra e u t Jat 7 3 p 7 8 d f
e a s s on b i t h i t h p l c wh r w l t h i
.
, .
,
an or re -
r n e a e e e ea s

h d d J a t 3 9 p 4 1 J at 7 3 p 7 3
oa r e , ,
.
,
. .
 THE TREACHEROU S CHAMELEON

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in

Ben ares the B o dhisa t t a was born a lizard When he grew
, .

up he d welt in a big burrow in the river ban k with a

follo wing of man y hun dreds of other lizards N ow the .

B odhisa t t a had a s on a youn g lizard who was great frie n ds

, ,

with a chameleo n whom he used to clip a n d embrace

, .

This i n timacy bei n g reported to the lizard ki n g he se n t ,

for his youn g s on a n d said that such frie n dship was mis
placed for chameleo n s were low creatures a n d that if the
, ,

in timacy was persisted in calamity would befall the whole

,

o f the tribe of lizards A n d he e n j oi n ed his s on to have

.

n o more to do with the chameleo n But the s on co n tin ued

.

in his i n timacy Agai n a n d agai n did the B o dhis a t t a

.

speak with his s on but fi n di n g his words of n o avail a n d

, ,

foreseein g dan ger to the lizards from the chameleo n he ,

had a n outlet cut on on e Side of their burrow s o that there ,

might be a mean s of escape in t ime o f n eed .

Now as time we n t on the you n g lizard grew to a great

,

size w hi lst the chameleo n n ever grew a n y bigger A n d as

,
.

these moun tai n ous embraces of the you n g gian t grew pain
ful in deed the chameleo n foresaw that they would be the
,

death of him if they we n t on a few d a ys lo n ger a n d he ,

resolved to combin e with a hu n ter to destroy the whole

tribe of lizards .

O n e day in the summer the an ts came out after a

thun der— storm a n d the lizards darted hither a n d thither
,

cat chin g them a n d eati n g them N ow there came i n to

.

the forest a lizard trapper with spade a n d dogs to dig

o u t lizards ; a n d the chameleo n thought what a haul he

would put in the trapper s way So he we n t up t o the

’
.
122 THE TREACHEROU S CHAMELE ON
ma n , an d
lyi n g down before him asked why he was about
, ,

in the forest To cat ch lizards was the reply

“
Wel l , .
“
,
”
I k n ow where there s a burro w of hun dreds of them said
’

the chameleo n ; brin g fire a n d brushwood a n d follow me

“
.

A n d he brought the trapper to where the l izards dwelt .

”
“
Now said the chame l eo n put your fuel in there a n d
, ,
“

smoke the l izards ou t Mean time let your dogs be all .

roun d a n d take a big stick in your han d The n as the .

lizards dash ou t strike them down a n d make a pile of the

,

”
Slain . So sayi n g the trea cherous chame l eo n withdrew to
,

a spot hard by where he l ay down with his head up sayi n g

, , ,

to himself This day I shall s e e the back of my e n emy

, .

The trapper set to work to smoke the l izards out ; a n d

fear for their lives drove them helter skelter from their -

burrow As they came ou t the trapper k n ocked them on

.
,

the head a n d if he missed them they fell a prey to his dogs

, , .

A n d so there was great s l au ghter amo n g the lizards .

Real isi n g that this was the chameleo n s doi n g the ’

B o dhisa t t a cried O n e sho u l d n ever make frie n ds of the

“
,

wi cked for su ch bri n g sorrow in their trai n

,
A si n gle .

”
wi cked chameleo n has proved the ban e of all these lizards .

So sayi n g he escaped by the outl et he had provided

, ,

utteri n g this stan za

Bad com pa n y ca n n e ve r e n d i n g ood .

Throu g h f ri e n dshi p w i t h on e l
so e cha m e e on l
The t ri b e of li z a rds me t t he i r e n d .

I n t he fra me st ory of P . II
I . t he owl s a re de s t roye d b y t he c row s t h rou g h t he
sa me me a n s a s in t he a b o e a t a ka , u l ie n 5 v j J
a t u al s t ory is t oo
. ch
The t e a in g of t he c
u n b u ddh j
ist ic for it t o b e a dopt e d a s a a t a ka , b u t t he e n mit y of t he rows a n d owl s c
j
is re fe rre d t o in t he a t a ka s , cf a t 2 7 0 , p 2 1 3 J
I n 2 2 6 a n owl t a t ome s ou t a t a n
. . . . h c
u n se a s on a b l e t ime is kil l e d b y rows c .
1 24 THE F OOLHARDY JAC K AL
Fin din g that he was discovered the rogue spran g to ,

his feet a n d flun g his club at the B o dhisa t t a but missed ,

his aim Be off you brute said he I ve missed y ou “ ’

“
.
, , ,

this time Turn i n g roun d the B odhis a t t a said True

.
, ,
“

y o u have missed me but be assured y o u wi

,
ll n o t m is s the
”
torme n ts of the Great Hell a n d the Sixteen Lesser Hells .

Empty han ded the rogue left the cemetery a n d aft er

-

, ,

bathi n g in a di t ch we n t back i n to the city by the way he

,

had come .

THE FOOLHARDY JACKAL

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was reign in g in

Be n ares the B o dhis a t t a was a man ed l io n a n d dwe l t at
,

Gold D e n in the Himalayas Boun di n g forth on e day from .

his l air he l ooked North a n d West South a n d East a n d

, , ,

roared a l oud as he we n t in quest of prey S layi n g a large .

buffalo he devoured the prime of the carcass after whi ch

, ,

he we n t down to a poo l a n d havi n g dru n k his fill of crystal

,

water turn ed to go towards his de n Now a h u n gry j ackal .

,

sudde n ly meeti n g the l io n a n d bei n g u n able to make his ,

es cape threw himse l f at the li o n s feet Bei n g asked what

,
’
.

he wan ted the j a ckal rep l ied Lord let me be your

, ,
“
,

servan t . Very we ll said the lio n ; serve me a n d you

,
“

shall feed on prime meat S O sayi n g he we n t with the

.
,

j a ckal fo l lowi n g to Gold D e n The n ceforth the lio n s .

’

leavi n gs fell t o the j ackal a n d he grew fat , .

Lyi n g o n e day in his de n the lio n told the j ackal to ,

scan the val leys from the mo u n tain top to s e e whether ,

there were a n y elephan ts or horses or bu ffaloes about o r ,

any other an i mal s o f whi ch he the j a ckal was fo n d , , .

If a n y su ch were in sight the j ackal was to report a n d say

,
 THE FO OLHARDY JACKAL 1 25

with due obeisa n ce S hi n e forth in thy might Lord The n ,

“
,
.

the lio n prom i sed to kill a n d eat g ivin g a part to the ,

j ackal S o the j a ckal used to climb the heights a n d whe n

.
,

ever he espied below beasts t o his taste he would report ,

“
it to the lio n a n d falli n g at his feet say Shi n e forth in
, , ,

thy might Lord H ereo n the lio n would n imbly boun d

, .
”

for t h a n d slay the beast even if it were a rutting elephan t , ,

a n d share the prime of the carcass with the j ackal .

Glutted with his meal the j ackal would then retire to his ,

de n a n d sleep .

Now as time we n t on the j a ckal grew bigger and ,

bigger ti l l he grew haughty H ave n ot I too four legs ? .

he asked himsel f Why am I a pe n sio n er day by day on

.
“

others boun ty ? He n ceforth I will kill eleph a n ts a n d other

’

beasts for my own eati n g The lio n ki n g of beasts o n l y

, .
, ,

kills them because of the formula Shi n e forth in thy ,

‘

’
might Lord , I ll make the lio n call ou t to me Shi n e
.
’

,
‘

forth in thy might j ackal a n d the n I ll kill a n elephan t ’ '

, ,

for mysel f Accordi n gly he we n t to the lio n a n d poi n ti n g

.
,

ou t that he had lo n g lived on what the lio n had killed told ,

his desire to eat a n elephan t of his own killi n g e n di n g with ,

a request to the lio n to let him the j a ckal cou ch in the , ,

’
lio n s corn er in Gold D e n whilst the lio n was to climb the
moun tai n to look ou t for a n elephan t The quarry foun d .
,

he asked that the lio n Should come to him in the de n a n d

”
sa y, Shin e fort h in thy might j ackal
“
He begged the ,
.

“
lion n ot to grudge him this much Said the lio n Ja ckal .
, ,

o n ly lio n s ca n ki ll elephan ts n or has the world ever seen ,

a j ackal able to C ope with them Give up this fan cy a n d .

,

co n ti n ue to feed on what I kill But say what the lio n .

could the j a ckal would n ot give way a n d still pressed his

, ,

request So at last the lio n gave way a n d biddi n g the

.
,

j ackal couch in the de n climbed the peak a n d the n ce ,

126 THE FOOL I S H CROW S
espied a n elephan t in rut Retu rn i n g to the mouth of .

”
the cave he said Shi n e fort h in thy might j a ckal
, ,
“
, .

Then from Gold D e n the j ackal n imbly boun ded forth ,

looked arou n d him on all four sides a n d thrice raisi n g its , ,

howl spran g at the elephan t mean i n g to fasten on its

, ,

head But missi n g his aim he al ighted at the elephan t s

.
,
’

feet The i n fu riated brute raised its right foot a n d crushed

.

the j ackal s head trampli n g the bo n es i n to powder The n

’

, .

poun di n g the car cass i n t o a mass a n d dun gi n g upo n it , ,

the e l ephan t dashed trumpeti n g i n to the forest See in g .

all this the B odhisa t t a observed N o w Shi n e forth in thy

, ,
”
might j a ckal a n d u t tered this stan za
, ,

Y ou r ma n g l e d cor s e , p y ou r b ra i n s m a s he d i n t o c a y , l
P ro ve how y ou ’
ve s hon e fort h i n y ou r m i g ht t o da y -
.

Thus spake the B o dhis a t t a a n d livi n g to a good old ,

age he passed away in the fu l n ess of time to fare a ccor di n g

to his deserts .

S J at 2 0 4 p 1 6 9 d p l l l g iv t h
ee .
,
. J at 335 i v i t v i
,
an a ra e s en e re . . s a ar an e rs on .

THE F OOLISH CROWS

O n ce on a t ime when B ra hm a da t t a was reign in g in

Be n ares the B odhis a t t a was a s e a spirit Now a crow with
,
-
.

his mate came down in quest of food to the s e a Shore -

where j ust before certai n perso n s had bee n o fferin g

, ,

to the N a gas a sa crifi ce of m ilk a n d ri ce a n d fis h a n d , , ,

meat a n d stro n g dri n k a n d the like Up came the crow .

a n d with his mate ate free l y o f the e l eme n ts of the sacrifi ce ,

a n d dra n k a great dea l of the spirits So they both got .

very drun k Then they wa n ted to disport themselves in

.

the sea a n d were tryi n g to swim on the surf whe n a wave

, ,
 THE GREE D Y JAC KAL CAUGHT

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign in g in

Be n ares the B odhi sa t t a was re born in to life as a j ackal
,
-

a n d dwelt i n the forest by the river side Now a n o l d -

.

elephan t died by the ban ks of the Gan ges a n d the j a ckal , ,

fin din g the carcass co n gratulated himself on light in g upo n

,

su ch a store of meat First he hit the trun k but that was

.
,

“ ’
like bitin g a p l ough han dle There s n o eati n g here
-
.
,

said the j ackal a n d took a bite at a tusk But that was .

like bitin g bo n es The n he tried a n ca r but that was like

.
,

chewi n g the rim of a wi n n owi n g basket So he fell t o on -

.

the stomach but fou n d it as tough as a grai n basket The

,
-
.

feet were n o better for they were like a mortar Next he

,
.

tried the tai l b u t that was like the pestle

, That wo n t .
“ ’

do either said the j ackal a n d havi n g failed elsewhere to

,

fin d a toothsome part he tried the rear a n d foun d that ,

”
like eati n g a soft cake At last said he I ve foun d the .
, ,
“ ’

”
right pla ce a n d ate his way right i n to the belly where he
, ,

made a ple n teous meal off the kid n eys heart a n d the rest , ,

que n chi n g his thirst with the b l ood A n d whe n n ight .

came on he lay down i n side As he l ay there the thought

,
.
,

“
came i n to the j ackal s min d This carcass is both meat ’

a n d house to me a n d wherefore should I l eave it ?

, So
there he stopped a n d dwelt in the elephan t s i n wards
,
’

eati n g away Time wore on ti l l the summer s u n a n d the

.

summer wi n ds dried a n d shran k the e l ephan t s hide ’

u n t il the e n tran ce by which the j ackal had got in was

closed a n d the i n terior was in utter dark n ess Thus the .

j a ckal was as it were cut off from the worl d a n d co n fi n ed

, ,

in the i n terspace betwee n the worlds After the hide the .

,

flesh dried up a n d the b l ood was exhausted I n a fre n zy .

 THE RA S H MAGIC I AN 9

of despair he rushed to a n d fro beati n g agai n st his priso n

,

walls in the fruitless e n deavour t o escape But as he .

bobbed up a n d down i n side like a ball of rice in a boil

in g sau cepan soo n a tempest broke a n d the down pour
,

moiste n ed the shell of the carcass a n d restored it to its

former state till light sho n e like a star through the way
,

by which the j ackal had g ot in Saved ! saved ! cried .

“

the j ackal a n d ha ck in g i n to the elephan t s head made a

’

, ,

rush head firs t at the outlet He man aged to get through

-
.
,

it is true but o n ly by leavin g all his hair on the way A n d

,
.

first he ra n the n he halted a n d the n s a t dow n a n d su r

, ,

v e y e d his hairless body n ow smooth as a palm stem ,

-
.

“
Ah ! he exclaimed this misfortun e ha s befalle n me
”
,
“

be cause of my greed a n d my greed alon e He n ceforth I .

will n ot be greedy n or ever again get i n to the carcass of a n

”
elephan t A n d his terror foun d expression in this stan za
.

O n ce b it t e n t wi ce S hy A h g re a t w a s my fe a r ! ,
.
,

O f e l e p ha n t s i n w a rds he n ce fort h I l l s t e e r cl e a r
’ ’
.

An d wi th these words the j ackal made o ff n or did he ,

ever again S O much as look either at that or at a n y other

elephan t s carcass A n d the n ceforth he was n ever greedy
’
.

agai n .

H t l m k
er e f f t ch d c mp i
a es a wi t h t h f b l i
ar -
e P (B ) I 2 wh
e o a r s on e a e n . .
,
e re a

j ck l b k p
a a re a d ms o d fi d it mpt y
en a f b l wh ich l
ru cc i K D
an n s e ,
a a e a so o u rs n . .

( Sy ) I 2 (A b )
r .
,
S m L X 56 (ii
ra v .
,
o . . .

THE RASH MAGICIAN

O n ce on a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g in
Be n ares the B odhisa t t a was born i n to the family of a
,

wealt hy brahmin Arrivi n g at years of dis cretio n he we n t .

,

to study at T a k k a s il a where he received a complete edu ,

catio n I n Benares as a teacher he e nj oyed world wide

.
-

F . a T .
9
1 80 THE RASH MAG I C I AN
fame a n d had five hu n dred youn g brahmin s as pupils .

Amon g these was on e n amed S a nji va to whom the ,

B odhis a t t a taught the spell for raisi n g the dead to life .

But though the youn g m a n was taught this he was n ot ,

taught the coun ter charm Proud of his n e w power he .

we n t with his fellow pupils to the forest wood gatheri n g - -

a n d there came on a dead tiger .

Now se e me bri n g the tiger to life agai n said b e , .

”
Y ou can t said they
’
.
,

Y ou look a n d you will see me do it

”
.

”
Well if you ca n do s o said they a n d climbed up a
, , , ,

tree forthwith .

Then S a nji va repeated his charm a n d stru ck the dead

tiger with a potsherd Up started the tiger a n d quick as .

lightn in g spran g at S a nji va a n d hit him on the throat ,

kil l i n g him outright Dead fell the tiger the n a n d there .

,

a n d dead fel l S a nji v a too at the same spot So there the .

two lay dead Side by side .

The youn g brahmi n s took their wood a n d we n t back to

their master to whom they told the story My dear pupils .
“
,

said he mark herei n how by reaso n of Shewi n g favour to

,
“

the si n fu l a n d payi n g ho n our where it was n ot due he has ,

brought al l this calamity upo n himself A n d s o sayi n g he .

uttered this stan za

B e f ri e n d a v i l l a i n a i d hi m i n hi s n e e d , ,

A n d, l i k e t ha t t i g e r w hich S a fiji v a ra i s e d
T o l i f e , he s t ra i g ht de ou rs y ou f or y our v p a in s .

Such was the B o dhis a t t a s lesso n to the you n g brahmi n s

’

a n d after a life of almsgivi n g a n d other good deeds he

passed away to fare ac cordi n g to his deserts .

P .
(B ) v . 4 , The L i on -
ma ke rs , Ve t . 21 . h
T is t a l e an d Jat . 5 2 7 , Ve t . 1 6, a re t he
on l y j at ak as in c mmon wit
o h Ve t , ex c e pt a dou b t ful pa ral l e l in J a t . 2 00 , p . 1 68 .
132 THE TWO GOOD KINGS
say n o ill of me but o n l y good a n d so he we n t about t o ,

try those who were outside his walls But with these it .

was j ust the same Then he made in quisitio n of the

.

citize n s at large a n d outside the city question ed those

,

who bel o n ged t o the suburbs at the four city gates Stil l .

there was n o n e who had a n y fa u l t t o fin d ; n othi n g but

praises coul d he hear Last l y with i n te n t t o try the
.
,

coun try side he e n trusted all govern me n t to his min isters

, ,

a n d mou n ted in his carriage a n d taki n g o n ly the driver

,

with him left the city in disguise A ll the coun try he

, .

traversed eve n to the fro n tier ; but n ot a faul t fin de r co u l d

,
-

b e light upo n ; all he could hear was o n l y his o wn praises .

So ba ck he turn ed from the marches a n d s e t his fa ce ,

homewards again by the high road -

.

N ow it fortu n ed that at this very time Mal l ika the ki n g ,

of K os a l a had don e the very same thi n g He t o o was a

, .

j ust ki n g a n d he had bee n sear chi n g for his faults ; but

,

amo n gst those about him there was n o n e who had a n y

fault to fin d ; a n d heari n g n othi n g but praise he had bee n ,

makin g e n qu i ry throughout al l the coun try a n d had but ,

then arrived at that same S pot .

These t wo met in a p l a ce where the carriage road was

,
-

deep l y sun k between two ban ks a n d there was n o room ,

for on e carriage to pass an other .

Get your carriage ou t of the way ! said ki n g Ma l l ik a s ’

driver to the driver of the ki n g of Be n ares .

”
N o n o driver said he ou t of the way with yours !
, , ,
“

Kn ow that in this carriage S i ts the great mo n arch Brahma

datta lord of the ki n gdom of Be n ares !
,

“
No t so dri ver ! replied the other
, I n this carriage ,

Sits the great ki n g Mall ika lord of the realm of K os a l a !

,

I t is for you t o make way a n d to give pla ce to the carriage

,

o f ou r ki n g !
 THE T WO GO OD K ING S 133

’
Why here s a ki n g t oo thought the driver of the
, ,

ki n g of Be n ares What in the world is t o be do n e ?

.
“

The n a thought struck him ; he would e n quire what Should

be the age of the two ki n gs s o that the youn ger should ,

give way to the elder An d he made e n quiry Of the other .

driver how ol d his ki n g was ; but he learn t that both were

o f the same age Thereupo n he asked the exten t of this
.

kin g s power wealth a n d glory a n d all poi n ts touchi n g

’

, , ,

his caste a n d C lan a n d his family ; discoveri n g that both

of them had a cou n try three hu n dred leagues lo n g a n d ,

that they were alike in power wealth glory a n d the n ature , , ,

o f their family a n d li n eage T he n he bethought him that .

place might be give n to the better m a n ; so he requested

’
that the other driver should describe his master s Virtues .

The m a n repl ied by the first verse of poetry followi n g in ,

’
which he set forth his mo n arch s faults as though they
were so man y virtues
R ou g h t o t he rou g h k i n g M a ll i k a t he mil d wi t h m i l dn e s s s wa y s
, “
,

M a st e rs t he g ood b y g oodn e s s , a n d t he b a d w i t h b a dn e ss ays p .

Give p l p
a ce , g i v e l a ce , 0 dri ve r ! s u ch a re t hi s m on a rch s w a y s !
’

Oh said the man of the ki n g of Be n ares is that all

,
’ ”
you have t o sa y about your ki n g s virtues ? Yes said ,

the other If these are his Virtues what must his Vices
.
,

”
be ! Vices be it then quoth he if you will ; but let
“
, , ,
“

’
us hear what your ki n g s virtues may be like ! Listen “

”
then rej oi n ed the first a n d repeated the seco n d verse
, ,

H e con q u e rs w ra t h b y m i l dn e ss t he b a d w i t h g oodn e s s sw a y s , ,

B y g i ft s t he m i s e r v a n qu i she s a n d l i e s w i t h t ru t h re p a y s .

G i v e p l a ce g i ve p l a ce 0 dri v e r ! s u ch a re t hi s m on a rch s w a y s l !
, ,
’

At these words both ki n g Mallika a n d his driver de

sce n ded from their carriage a n d loosed the horses a n d , ,

moved it ou t of the way to give place to the ki n g of ,

D h mm p d 1
v 223
a a a a ,
e rs e .
1 34 THE GRATEFUL ELEPHANT
Ben ares The n the ki n g of Be n ares gave good admo n itio n
.

to ki n g Mallika sayin g Thus a n d thus must y ou do ; , ,

“ ”

after which he return ed to Ben ares a n d there gave al ms ,

a n d did good all his life till at t he last he we n t to swell ,

the hosts of heave n A n d kin g Mal lika took the lesso n to .

heart ; a n d after traversi n g the le n gth a n d breadth of the

lan d a n d lighti n g upo n n o n e who had a n y fault to fin d in
,

him return ed to his own city ; where he gave al ms all his

,

life a n d did good ti l l at the e n d he too attain ed to heave n , .

A imil sc t t f t w mi t l cc i t h K l l (C wf d t l t i
ar on e s o o n s re s o u rs n e a e ca a ra or
’
s ra n s a on ,

Th y g fi c l y d iv i t t h l d wh Th S h l d t g iv m
“
i
. e ou n yer e r ll es n o e o ,
o sa s, ou ou s e e a

t h h ig h w y f
e I m t h ld
a ,
Wh t m t t
or ath t ? y th th e; l t th
o er .
” “
a a e rs a
”
sa s e o er
“
e e

g i v pl c Th th y t ch i g hi l g d b y w y f
”
l
e ast wi se e d d
a e . e re e s an an ea s n s s e en s a o

d c idi g t h m t t
e n (D R e ) Th j a t k it l f i
a er . v i t f th t y f th
r ou s e . e a a se s a ar an o e s or o e

ki g Na d d Siv i i M b h III ch 1 9 4
n s ra a an n . . . .

THE GRATEFUL ELEPHANT

O n ce u pon a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was ki n g of ,

Be n ares there wa s a vi l lage of carpen ters n ot far from

,

the city in whi ch five hu n dred carpen t ers lived They

,
.

would go up the river in a vessel a n d e n ter the forest , ,

where they would shape beams a n d plan ks for house

buildi n g a n d put together the framew
,
ork of on e storey -

or two storey houses n umberi n g a l l the pie ces from the

-

mai n post o n wards ; these the n they brought down to the

river ban k a n d put them all aboard ; the n rowi n g down
,

stream agai n they woul d build houses to order as it was

,

required of them ; after whi ch whe n t hey re ceived their ,

wage they we n t ba ck agai n for more material s for the

,

bui l di n g a n d in this way they made their live l ihood

,
.

O n ce it befell that in a p l ace Where they were at work

in S hapi n g timbers a certai n E l ephan t trod upo n a Sp l i n ter ,

of a ca cia wood whi ch pier ced his foot a n d caused it to , ,

136 THE GRATEFUL ELEPHANT
obedie n tly ; a n d they fed him as they had fed the other , ,

with five hun dred portion s for a meal .

His work o n ce don e the Elephan t wou l d go play about ,

in the river a n d the n return agai n The carpen ters ’

.
,

childre n used to pul l him by the trun k a n d play a l l sorts ,

of pran ks with him in water a n d out N o w n oble creatures .

,

be t hey elephan ts horses or me n n ever dun g or stale in , , ,

the water 1
So this E l ephan t did n othi n g of the kin d
.

whe n he was in the water but waited u n t i l he came ou t ,

upo n the ban k .

O n e day rai n had falle n up river ; a n d by the flood a

,

half dry cake of his dun g was carried i n to the river This
-
.

floated down to the Be n ares lan di n g p l ace where it stu ck ,

fast in a bush Just the n the ki n g s e l ephan t keepers

’
.

had brought dow n five hu ndred el ephan ts to give them a

bath But the creatures s cen ted this soil of a n oble
.

an imal a n d n o t on e woul d e n ter the water ; up wen t their

,

tail s a n d off they al l ra n The keepers told this to the

,
.

elepha n t trai n ers ; who replied There mus t be somethi n g ,

“

in t he water the n S O orders were give n to c l ean se the

,
.

wa t er ; a n d there in the bushes this lump was see n That s .

’

what the matter is ! cried the m e n So they brought a .

ja r a n d fi ll ed it with water ; n ext powderi n g the stuff i n to

,

it they spri n kled the water over the elephan ts whose

, ,

bodies the n be came sweet A t o n ce they wen t down i n to .

the river a n d bathed .

Whe n the train ers made their report t o the ki n g they ,

advised him to se cure the Elephan t for his own use a n d

profit .

The ki n g a ccordi n gl y embarked upo n a raft a n d rowed ,

Compa re H e s iod, Op 7 5 7 : n ude 77 0 1 i v n pox of} n o r a n cfiv dha de n pope éw

"
1 ’
. w v, nq d

H dt i 1 3 8 : (t he P e rsia n s ) 6 s n o ra n b v OG o ffr e
’ ’ ’
en l v cic
‘

o v pe l v
‘

q
-
ov . . .

( Dr Rou s e .
)
 THE GRATEFUL ELEPHANT 137

u p stream u n til he arrived at the place where the carpe n ters

had settled The you n g Elephan t heari n g the soun d of

.
,

drums as he was playi n g in the water came ou t a n d pre ,

se n ted himself before the carpen ters who o n e a n d all came ,

forth to do ho n our to the ki n g s comi n g a n d said to him ’

, ,

“
Sire if woodwork is wan ted what n eed to come here ?
, ,

Why n ot se n d a n d have it brought to y ou ?

No n o good frie n ds the ki n g an swered tis not for
’

, , ,

wood that I come but for this elephan t here ,

.

He is yours S ire — But the Elephan t refu sed to

,

budge .

”
What do you wan t me to do gossip Elephan t ? asked ,

t he ki n g .

“
Order the carpen ters t o be paid for what they have
s pen t on me Sire , .

Willi n gl y frie n d An d the ki n g ordered a n hun dred

,
.

thousan d pieces of mo n ey to be laid by his tail a n d tru n k , ,

a n d by ea ch o f his four feet But this was not e n ough .

for the Elephan t ; go he would n ot So to each of the .

carpe n ters was gi ve n a pair of cloths a n d to ea ch of their ,

wives robes to dress in n or did he omit to give en ough ,

whereby his playmates the childre n should be brought up ;

then with a last look upo n the carpen ters a n d the wome n , ,

a n d the childre n he departed in compa n y with the ki n g

, .

To his capital city the ki n g brought him ; a n d city a n d

stable were decked ou t with all magn ificen ce He led the .

Elephan t rou n d the city in solem n processio n a n d then ce ,

i n to his stable which was fitted up with sple n dour a n d

,

pomp There he solem n ly spri n kled the Elephan t a n d

.
,

appoi n ted him for his o wn ridi n g ; like a comrade he

treated him a n d gave him the half of his kin gdom taki n g
, ,

as much care of him as he did of himself After the comi n g .

o f this Elepha n t the ki n g wo n suprema cy over all I n dia

, .
138 THE GRATEFUL ELEPHANT
In course of time the B o dhisa t t a was co n ceived by t he
Queen Con sort ; a n d whe n her time was n ear come to be
delivered the ki n g di ed Now if the Elephan t learn t
,
.

n ews of the ki n g s death he was s u re to break his heart ;

’

so he was waited upon as before a n d n ot a word said , .

But the n ext n eighbour the ki n g of K os a l a heard of t he , ,

”
ki n g s death
’
Surely the lan d is at my mer cy thought
.
“
,

he ; a n d marched with a mighty host to the city a n d ,

beleaguered it Straight the gates were cl osed a n d a

.
,

message was sen t to the ki n g o f K os a l a : Our Queen is

n ear the time o f her delivery ; a n d the astrologers have

de clared that in seven days she Shall bear a s on I f she .

bears a s on we wi l l n ot yield the ki n gdom but on the

, ,

seve n th day we wi l l give y ou battle F o r s o lo n g we pray .

o u wait ! A n d t o this t he ki n g agreed

y .

I n seve n days the Quee n bore a s on O n his n ame day .

-

t hey ca l led him Pri n ce Win he a rt be cause said they he , , ,

was bor n to win the hearts of the people .

O n t he very same day that he was bor n the to wn s folk ,

b egan to do b a tt l e with the ki n g of K os a l a But as they .

had n o leader l itt l e by l ittl e the army gave way great

, ,

though it was The courtiers to l d this n ews t o the Queen

.
,

addin g S in ce our arm y loses groun d in this way we fear

, ,

defeat But the state Elephan t our ki n g s bosom frien d

’

.
, ,

has n ever bee n told that the ki n g is dead a n d a s on born ,

to him a n d that the ki n g of K osa l a is here to give us

,

battle Shall we tell him ?

.

“
Yes do so said the Quee n So s he dressed up her
, , .

son ,
a n d laid him in a fin e li n e n cloth ; after whi ch S h e

with al l the court came do wn from the pala ce a n d e n tered

the E l ephan t s stab l e There she laid the babe at the
’
.

“
E l ephan t s feet sayi n g Master your comrade is dead
’

, , , ,

but we feared to tell it y ou lest y o u might break y o u r

 THE PET ELEPHANT

O n ce upo n a time while B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of

,

Ben ares the B odhis a t t a was born of a brahmi n family

, .

O n growi n g up he l eft his world l y home a n d took to the

religious life a n d in time became the l eader of a compan y
,

of five hun dred an chorites who a l l lived together in the ,

regio n of Himal aya .

Amon gst these a n chorites was a headstro n g a n d u n

tea chab l e perso n n amed I n da sa m a n a g o t t a He had a .

pet elephan t The B o dhis a t t a se n t for him whe n he foun d

.

this out a n d asked if he really did keep a youn g elephan t ?

,

Yes the m a n said he had a n elephan t which had lost its

, ,

dam . We l l the B odhisa t t a said whe n elephan ts grow

“
, ,
“

u p they kill eve n those who foster them ; so you had

better n ot keep it a n y lo n ger But I can t l ive without .
’

him my Tea cher ! w a s the reply

,
Oh well said the .
“
, ,

B o dhisa t t a
”
you ll live to repe n t it
,
’
.

Howbeit he still reared the creature a n d by a n d by ,

it grew to a n imme n se Size .

I t happe n ed o n ce that the an chorites had all go n e far

afield to gather roots a n d fruits in the forest a n d they ,

were abse n t for several days At the first breath of the .

south wi n d this e l ephan t fe l l i n a fre n zy Destructio n .

“ ’
to this b u t ! thought he I ll smash the water j ar ! I ll ,
-
’

overturn the sto n e ben ch ! I ll tear up the pall et ! I ll kill ’ ’

the hermit a n d the n off I ll g o !

’

, S o he sped i n to the
j un gle a n d waited watchi n g for their return
,
.

His master came first l aden with food for his pet As , .

soo n as he s a w him he haste ed up hi ki n g all was well

n t ,
n 1
, .

O u t rushed the elepha n t fro m the thi cket a n d seizi n g ,

wit h hi ig l ”
O l g
1
ti g
r, s us u a re e n ,
or s na .
 THE MONGOO S E AND THE SNAKE 1 41

him in his tru n k dashed him to the groun d the n with a

, ,

blow on the head crushed the life out of him ; a n d m adly

trumpeti n g he scampered i n to the forest
,
.

The other an chorites brought this n ews to the B od

hisa t t a Said he We should have n o dealin gs with the “
.
,

bad a n d the n he repeated these two verses

F ri e n dshi p wi t h e vi l l e t t he g ood e sche w ,

The g ood, who k n ow w ha t du t y b i ds t he m do

The y w i ll
w ork m i s chi e f , b e i t s oon or a t e , l
Ev e n as t he e e ha n t hi s l p m a st e r s ewl .

B u t if a k i n dre d s p i rit t hou s ha lt se e ,

1 11 v i rt u e , w i s dom , l e a rn in g k
l i e t o t he e ,
Choo se s u ch a n on e t o b e t hy own t ru e fri e n d ;
G ood f ri e n ds an l
d b e s s i n g g o i n com pa n y .

In this way the B odhis a t t a shewed his ban d of an chorites

that it is well t o be doci l e a n d n ot obsti n ate The n he .

performed I n da s a m a n a g ot t a s obsequies a n d cultivatin g ’

the Excellen ces came at last i n to Brahma s heaven

,
’
.

I J at 43
n c t ic k p t m ip i b mb t b I t i g l ct d f
. an as e ee s a a e V er n a a oo u e . s ne e e or

sev l d y d wh t k
e ra a s, a n t b it d kil l him
en Cf A
a p C t ym
en oud es an s . . e so ,
ou n r an an

f S
roz e n k H lm 97 B b
n a e, 1 67 a H t h c mp
,
P (B ) III 5 Th G ld
a r. . a u sra o a re s . .
,
e o

gi i g S
e k
n S n a J at 1 3 6 p 1 1 8
e . e e on .
,
. .

THE MONGO O S E AND THE S NAKE

O n ce on a time when B ra hm a da t t a was kin g O f B e n a re s
, ,

the B o dhisa t t a was born in a certai n village as on e of a

brahmi n family When he came of age he was educated
.
,

at Ta k k a sil a ; the n ren oun ci n g the world he became a ,

recluse cultivated the Faculties a n d the Attai n men ts

, ,

a n d dwelt in the regio n of Himalaya livi n g upo n wild ,

roots a n d fruits which he picked U p in his goin gs t o a n d

fro
At the e n d of his cloistered walk lived a Mo n goose in
1 42 THE MONGOOSE AND THE SNAKE
an ant heap ; a n d n ot far off a S n ake lived in a hollow
-
,

tree These two S n ake a n d Mongoose were perpetually

.
, ,

quarrelli n g The B odhis a t t a preached to them the misery

.

of quarrels a n d the blessi n g of cultivatin g frie n dship a n d ,

reco n ciled the t wo together sayi n g Y ou ought to cease , ,

“

”
your quarrelli n g a n d live together at on e .

Whe n the Serpen t was abroa d the Mo n goose at the ,

e n d of the walk lay with his head out of the hole in his

a n t hill a n d his mouth ope n a n d thus fell asleep heavily

-

, , ,

drawin g his breath in a n d ou t The B o dhis a t t a saw him .

Sleepi n g there a n d aski n g hi m Why what are you afraid

, , ,

of ? repeated t he first stan za

C re a t u re 1 y ou r e g g b orn e n e my a fa i t hf u l f ri e n d i s m a de
,
-

Why s l e e p y ou t he re w i t h t e e t h a l l b a re D of w ha t a re y ou a f ra id ?

“
Father said the Mo n g oose n ever despise a former
, ,

e n emy but always suspe ct him

,
a n d he repeated the

seco n d stan za
N e v e r de s p i s e a n e n e m y n or e v e r t ru st a f ri e n d
A f e a r t ha t S p ri n g s f rom u n f e a re d t hi n g s u p root s an d ma k e s a n en d .

Fear n ot replied the B odhis a t t a

‘
, I have persuaded .
“

the S n ake to do y ou n o harm ; di strust him n o more .

With this advi ce he proceeded to cultivate the Four ,

Excel l en ces a n d became desti n ed for Brahma s heave n

,
’
.

A n d the others too passed away to fare hereafter a c

cordi n g to their deeds .

Th d c t i e f th m g
o rne i th m o th t t g h t i Th C w
e on d th
oose s e sa e as a au n e ro s an e

Ow l t h f m
s, t y f P
e ra Cf J a t 1 4 1 p 1 2 1
e s or Th j a t k
o pp t
. b II I . . .
,
. . e a a a e a rs o e a

f lk t l m difi d t c
o a e t
o c t ch m li t y
e o ou n e ra su ora .

1
Lit . O vivip a rous on e .
 T HE PENN Y WISE MONKEY -

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hm a da t t a was reign in g in

,

Be n ares he had a Cou n ci l lor who was his right han d m a n

,
-

a n d gave him advice in thi n gs spiritual a n d temporal .

There was a risi n g on the fro n tier a n d the troops there ,

statio n ed sen t the ki n g a letter The ki n g started rai n y .

,

seaso n though it was a n d formed a camp in his park

, .

The B odhi s a t t a stood before the ki n g At that momen t .

the people had steamed some peas for the horses a n d ,

poured them ou t i n to a trough O n e of the mon keys that .

lived in the park j umped dow n from a tree fil l ed his

,
,

mouth a n d han ds with the peas the n up agai n a n d Sitti n g , ,

dow n in the tree he began to eat As he ate on e pea fell .

,

from his ha n d upo n the g roun d Down dropped at o n ce .

all the peas from his han ds a n d mouth a n d down from ,

the tree he came to hun t for the lost pea But that pea
,
.

he coul d n ot fin d ; so he cl imbed up his tree agai n a n d ,

sat still very glum looki n g l ike some on e who had lost a
, ,

thousan d in some lawsuit .

The ki n g observed how the mo n key had do n e a n d ,

poi n ted it ou t to the B odhis a t t a Frien d what do y ou .

,

thi n k of that ? he asked To which the B odhisa t t a made

”
.

a n swer : Ki n g this is what fools of little wit are wo n t to

,

”
do ; they spe n d a pou n d to win a pen n y ; a n d he we n t
on to repeat the first sta n za

A f ool i sh m on k e y l i v i n g i n t he t re e s
, ,

0 k i n g w he n b ot h hi s ha n ds w e re f u ll of p e a s
, ,

H a s t hrow n t he m a l l a w a y t o l oo k for on e
The re i s n o wi s dom S i re i n s u ch a s t he se
, , .

Then the B odhis a t t a approached the ki n g a n d a d ,

dressi n g him again repeated t he se co n d stan za

,

S u ch a re w e 0 m ig ht y mon a rch s u ch a l l t hos e t ha t g re e dy b e ;

, ,

L os i n g mu ch t o g a i n a li t t l e l i k e t he m on k e y a n d t he pe a
, .
 THE I NCOMPARABLE ARCHER 1 45

Onheari n g this address the ki n g turn ed a n d wen t

straight back to Be n ares An d the outlaws heari n g that .

the kin g had set forth from his capital to make mincemeat
o f his e n emies hurried away from the borders , .

K D (Sy ) IX 2 (A b ) I V wh
. . it i i
r t d i t h t y f B il a d (v i t
.
,
ra X .
,
e re s n se r e n e s or o ar an

of J a t 7 7,
. p .

THE I NCOMPARABLE ARCHER

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of ,

Ben ares the B odhis a t t a was co n ceived as the s on of the

,

Queen Co n sort She was safely delivered ; a n d on his .

n ame day they gave him the n ame o f A s a dis a K um a ra

- -

Pri n ce Peerless About the time he was able to walk .

,

the Quee n co n ceived on e who was also to be a good bei n g .

She was safely delivered a n d on the n ame day they called ,

-

t he babe B ra hm a da t t a Kum a ra o r Pri n ce Heave n se n t -

,
-
.

When Pri n ce Peerless was sixteen he wen t to Tak ,

kasil a for his edu catio n There at the feet of a world .

famed teacher he learn t the Three Vedas a n d the Eighteen

Accomplishme n ts ; in the s cien ce of archery he was peer
less ; then he return ed to Be n ares .

When the ki n g was on his deathbed he comman ded

that Pri n ce Peerless should be ki n g in his stead a n d ,

Pri n ce B ra hm a da t t a the Viceroy The n he died ; aft er .

which the k i n gship was o ffered to Peerless who refused , ,

sayin g that he cared n ot for it So they co n secrated .

B ra hma da t t a to be ki n g by Spri n kli n g him Peerless .

cared n othi n g for gl ory a n d wan ted n othi n g ,

.

While the youn ger brother rul ed Peerl ess lived in all ,

royal state The slaves came a n d slan dered him to his

.

brother ; Pri n ce Peerless wan ts to be ki n g ! said they .

F . a T . 10
1 46 THE I NCOMPARABLE ARCHER
B ra hma da t t abelieved them a n d al lowed himself to be ,

de ceived ; he sen t some m e n t o take Peerless prison er .

O n e of Pri n ce Peerless atte n dan ts told hi m what was

’

afoot He waxed an gry with his bro t her a n d we n t away

.
,

in to an other coun try Whe n he arrived there he sen t in .

,

word to the ki n g that a n archer was come a n d awaited ,

him . What wages does he a sk ? the ki n g en qu i red

“
.

A hun dred thousan d a year Good said the k i n g ; .

,

let him e n ter .

”

Peerless came i n to the presen ce a n d stood waiti n g ,

.

”
A re y o u the archer ? asked the ki n g Y e s Sire Very .
“
,
.

wel l I take y ou i n to my servi ce

, A fter that Peerless .

remai n ed in the service of this ki n g But the Old archers .

were an n oyed at the wage which was give n him ; Too “

mu ch they grumbled
,
.

O n e day it so happe n ed that the ki n g we n t o u t i n to

his park There at foot of a man go tree where a s cree n
.
, ,

had bee n pu t up before a certai n sto n e seat of ceremo n y ,

he re cl in ed upon a magn ifi cen t cou ch He happen ed to .

look up a n d there right at the treetop he s a w a c l uster

,

”
of man go fruit I t i s too high to cl imb for thought he ;
.
,

so summo n i n g his ar chers he asked them whether they

could cu t off y ou cl uster Wi th a n arrow a n d bri n g it dow n ,

for him Oh said they that is n o t mu ch for us to do

.
“
, ,
“
.

But your maj esty has see n ou r S kil l often e n ough The .

n e wcomer is S O much better p a id than we that perhaps ,

”
you might make him bri n g dow n the fruit .

Then the ki n g se n t for Peerless a n d asked him if he ,

coul d do it Oh yes your Maj esty if I may choose my

.
, ,

”
positio n What positio n do you wan t ?
.
”
The p l a ce
”
where your couch stan ds The ki n g had the cou ch re .

moved a n d gave p l ace

,
.

Peerl ess had n o bow in his han d ; he used to carry

148 THE INCOMPARABLE ARCHER
struck the feather of the first arrow a n d turn ed it back ; ,

the n itself wen t up as far as the heave n of the Thirty three -

gods There the deities caught a n d kept it

. .

The sou n d o f the fallin g arrow as it cleft the air was

”
as the soun d of a thun derbolt What is that n oise ? .
“

asked every m a n That is the arrow fallin g ou r archer

.
“
,
”

replied The by stan ders were all frighte n ed t o death for

.
,

fear the arrow Should fall on them ; but Peerless com

”
forted them Fear n othi n g said he and I will see
.
“
, ,
“

”
that it does n ot fall on the earth Down came the arro w .
,

n o t a hairbreadth out either way but n eat l y cu t through ,

the stalk of the man go cluster The archer caught the .

arrow in on e han d a n d the fruit in the other so that they ,

“
Shoul d n o t fal l upon the groun d We n ever saw such a .

”
thi n g before ! cried the o n lookers at this marvel How ,
.

they praised the great m a n ! how they cheered a n d clapped

a n d s n apped their fi n gers thousa n ds of ker chiefs wavi n g
,

in the air ! I n their j oy a n d delight the courtiers gave

presen ts to Peerl ess amou n ti n g to t e n mi l lion s of mo n ey .

A n d the ki n g t o o showered gifts a n d ho n ours upo n him

like rain .

While t he B odhis a t t a was re ceivi n g su ch glory a n d

ho n our at the han ds of this ki n g seven ki n gs who kn ew , ,

that there was n o Pri n ce Peerless in Ben ares drew a ,

leaguer aroun d the city a n d summo n ed its ki n g to fight

,

or yield The ki n g was frighten ed ou t of his life Where “

. .

is my brother ? he asked He is in the servi ce of a .

“

”
n eighbouri n g ki n g was the reply I f my dear brother “
.
,

does n ot come said he I am a dead m a n Go fall at

,
”
,
“
.
,

his feet in my n ame appease him bri n g him hither ! , ,

His messe n gers came a n d did their erran d Peerless took .

leave of his master a n d return ed to Be n ares He com

, .

forted his brother a n d bade him fear n othi n g ; the n

 THE MAG I C TREA S URE S 1 49

1
scratched a message upo n a n arrow to this e ffect : 1 ,

Pri n ce Peerless am return ed I mean to k ill y ou all with

, .

o n e arrow which I will shoot at y ou Let those who care .

”
for life make their escape This he shot so that it fell .

upon the very middle of a golde n dish from which the ,

s eve n ki n gs were eati n g together When they read the .

writin g they all fled half dead with fright ,

-
.

Thus did our Pri n ce put to flight seve n kin gs without ,

Sheddin g even s o much blood as a little fly might dri n k ;

then looki n g upo n his yo u n ger brother he re n oun ced hi s
, ,

lusts a n d forsook the world cultivated the Fa cu lties a n d

, ,

the Attain men ts a n d at his life s e n d came t o Brahma s

,
’ ’

heave n .

H dy M ar l f B ddhi m 1 14
,
Th l t t
a n ua o p t f t h t y i g iv v y
u s ,
.
!
e a er ar o e s or s en er

b i fl y i M hd J at k I t i fig — h h h
r e nt 2 82 3
g a ks p va s u . d t , B t
a ra e a na a a . s u re on e ar u

St p
u C i gh m p 7 0
a, s e e d pl t XX II 1 3 ;
un n n a dp,
ib l y
. th S ,
chi T p
an a e V . an os s on e an o e,

se eF g T dS p t W
e r u sson , hip pl XXV I p 1 8 1 (D R
re e a n er ) en ors ,
. . . . r ous e .

THE MAG I C TREA S URE S

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign in g in ,

Ben ares four brahmi n s brothers of the land of K a si left

, , , ,

the world a n d became hermits ; they built themselves four

huts in a row in the hi ghlan ds Of the Himalaya and there ,

they l ived .

The eldest brother died a n d was born as Sakka , .

Kn owin g who he had bee n he used to visit the others ,

every seve n or eight days a n d len d them a helpin g han d , .

O n e day he Visited the eldest of the an chorites a n d

, ,

after the usual greetin g took his seat to on e Side Well , .

,
”
Sir how ca n I serve you ? he e n qui red The hermit who
, .
,

was sufferi n g from j aun dice replied Fire is what I , ,

1
I n t he M a hdva s t u it is wra pt rou n d it (2 p 82 1 4 , pa rie e thi t va ) ;
. . . so in H a rdy .
1 50 THE MAG I C TREASU RES
wan t Sakka gave him a razor axe (A razor axe is so
.
-
.
-

called because it serves as razor or as axe a ccordi n g as

fit it i to the ha dl e ) Why said the hermit who “ “
y o u n n .
, ,

is there to get me firewood with thi s ? I f y ou wan t a

fire S ir replied S akka al l you have to do is to strike
, , ,
“

your han d upo n the axe a n d sa y Fetch wood a n d make

a fire ! The axe wil l fetch the wood a n d make y ou the
’

”
fire .

After givi n g him thi s razor axe he n ext visited the -

seco n d brother a n d asked him the same questio n

,
— H ow “

”
ca n I serve y ou Sir ? Now there was a n elephan t tra ck
,

by his hut a n d the creatures an n oyed him S O he told

,
.

Sakka that he was a n n oyed by e l ephan ts a n d wan ted ,

them t o be drive n away Sakka gave him a drum . If .

“

”
you beat upo n this Side Sir he exp l ai n ed your e n emies
, , ,
“

wil l ru n away ; but if y ou strike the other they wil l be come ,

your firm frie n ds a n d wi l l e n compass y ou with a n army

in fourfold array The n he han ded him the drum
. .

Last l y he made a Visit t o the you n gest a n d asked as ,

before how he coul d serve him He t o o had j au n di ce .

a n d what he said was P l ease give me some curd s .

Sakka gave him a mi l k bowl with these words : Turn -

,
“

this over if you wan t an ythi n g a n d a great river will pour ,

out of it a n d wi l l flood the whole place a n d it wi l l be

, ,

ab l e eve n to win a ki n gdom for you With these words .

he departed .

After this the a x e used to make fire for the eldest

brother the se co n d used to beat upo n on e S ide of his
,

drum a n d drive the elephan ts away a n d the you n gest had ,

his curds t o eat .

About this time a wild boar that l ived in a ruin ed ,

village lit upo n a gem possessed of magic power Pi cki n g

, .

up the gem in his m on t h he rose in the air by its magi c , .

1 52 THE MAG I C TREASURE S
an ddeparted ; but before he had go n e very far he struck ,

upo n it a n d said— Axe ! smash that hermit s skull a n d

“ ’

” ’
bri n g the gem to me ! O ff flew the axe clove the hermit s ,

Skul l a n d brought the gem back

,
.

The n the ma n hi d the axe away a n d paid a visit to ,

the seco n d brother With hi m the Visitor stayed a few

.

days a n d soo n dis covered the power of his drum The n

,
.

he exchan ged his gem for the drum as before a n d as ,

before made the axe cleave the own er s skull Aft er this .

he wen t on to the youn gest of the three hermits foun d ,

o u t the power of the milk bowl gave his j ewel in excha n ge -

for it a n d as before sen t his axe to cleave the man s S kull

,
’

Thus he wa s n ow own er of j ewel axe drum a n d milk , , ,

bowl all four

, .

He n ow rose up a n d passed through the air Stoppi n g .

hard by Be n ares he wrote a letter whi ch he se n t by a

,

messe n ger s han ds that the ki n g must either fight him or

’

yiel d O n re ceipt of this message the ki n g sallied forth

.

to seize the s cou n drel But he beat on on e S ide of .

his drum a n d was pro mptl y surroun ded by a n army in

,

fourfold array Whe n he sa w that the kin g had deployed

.

his for ces he then overtur n ed the m ilk bow l a n d a great

,
-

river poured forth ; multitudes were drown ed in the river

of curds Next he stru ck upon his axe
. Fetch me the .
“

’ ”
ki n g s head ! cried he ; away we n t the axe a n d came ,

ba ck a n d dropt the head at his feet Not a m a n could .

raise han d agai n st him .

So en compassed by a mighty host he e n tered the city , ,

a n d caused himself to be a n oi n ted ki n g u n der the title o f

kin g Dadhi Va han a or Carried on the Curds a n d ruled

-
,
- - -

righteously .

O n e day as the ki n g was amusi n g himself by cas t i n g

,

a n e t i n to the river he caught a man go fruit fit for the

, ,
 THE MAGIC TREA S URE S 1 53

gods whi ch had floated down from Lake K a n n a mu n da

,
.

When the n e t was hauled out the man go was foun d a n d , ,

Shown to the ki n g It was a hu ge fruit as big as a basi n .

, ,

roun d a n d golden in colour The ki n g asked what the

,
.

fruit was : Man go said the foresters He ate it a n d had ,

.
,

the sto n e plan ted in his park a n d watered with milk water ,
-
.

The tree sprouted up a n d in three years it bore fruit , .

G reat was the worship paid to this tree ; milk water was -

1
poured about it ; perfumed garlan ds with five Sprays
were hun g upon it ; wreaths were festoo n ed about it ; a
lamp was kept burn i n g a n d fed with scen ted oil ; a n d all ,

roun d it was a screen of cloth The fruit was sweet a n d .

,

had the colour of fin e gold Ki n g Dadhi v a han a before .

-

se n di n g prese n ts of these man goes to other ki n gs used to ,

prick with a thorn that place in the sto n e where the

sprout would come from for fear of their growing the like ,

by plan ti n g it When they ate the fruit they used t o .

,

plan t the sto n e ; but they could n ot get it to take root .

They en quired the reaso n a n d lear n t how the matter was ,

.

O n e ki n g asked his garde n er whether he coul d spoil

the flavour of this fruit a n d turn it bitter on the tree ,
.

Yes the m a n said he could ; so his ki n g gave him a

,

thousan d pieces a n d sen t him on his erran d .

So soon as he had arrived in Ben ares the man sen t a ,

message to the ki n g that a garden er was come The ki n g .

admitted him t o the presen ce After the man had saluted .

”
him the ki n g asked You are a garde n er ?
,
Yes Sire ,
“
, ,

1
The me a n in g of ya n dha pa nca ng u l i k a m is un c e rt a in . P e rha ps a g a rl a n d in
h ch
w i s prou t s or t wi g s w e re a rra n g e d ra dia t in g lik e t he fi n g e rs of a h an d . Se e
M orris in J P TS , . 1 88 4, p . 84 . The s pre a d h a d is in ma n y pl a
n c e s a sy mb ol use d to
a v e rt t he e vil e y e . In some vill ga e s of I n dia k
it is ma r e d on t he h ou s e wa ll s (N ort h
Ind N . . an d Q ,
i . it i c v
s a r e d on Ph oe n i ci an t omb st on e s (se e t h ose in t he
B ib liot e hq ue Na t ion al e in P a ris ) ; an d I hv a e se e n it i n a ll pa rt s of Sy ria , on t he
hous e s of J e w s, Christ ia n s, an d M osl e ms .
(Dr Rou se ) .
1 54 THE MAG I C TREASURES
said the ma n a n d began to soun d hi s own praises
,
Very .
“

well sai d the ki n g you may go a n d assist my park

, ,
“

”
keeper S o after that these used both to look after the
.

royal groun ds .

The n e w comer man aged to make the park look more

beautiful by forci n g flowers a n d fruit out of their seaso n .

Thi s pleased the ki n g s o that he dism issed the former ,

keeper a n d gave the park i n to sole charge of the n e w

on e . No soo n er had this m a n got the park i n to his
o wn ha n ds than he p l a n ted n imbs a n d creepers about

the choice man go tree By a n d by the n imbs sprouted .

up Above a n d below root with root a n d bran ch with

.
, ,

bra n ch these were all e n tan gled with the man go tree
,
.

Thu s this tree with its sweet fruit grew bitter as the
, ,

bitter—leaved n imb by the compan y of this n oxious a n d

sour p l an t A S soo n as the garde n er k n ew that the fruit
.

had go n e bitter he took to his hee l s ,

.

Ki n g Dadhi Va han a wen t a wal ki n g in his p l easaun ce

- -
,

a n d took a bite of the man go fruit The j ui ce in his .

mouth tasted l ike a n asty n imb ; swall ow it he coul d n ot ,

so he coughed a n d Spat it out Now at that t ime t he .

B odhis a t t a was his tempora l a n d Spiritua l coun sellor .

The ki n g turn ed to him Wise Sir this tree is as care .

“
,

fu l l y cared for as ever a n d yet its fruit has go n e bitter, .

”
What s the mea i g o it a n d aski n g this questio n he
’
n n f ?
,

repeated the first stan za

S we e t w a s on ce t he ma n g o s s a v ou r sw e e t i t s S ce n t it s col ou r g ol d
’
, ,

Wha t ha s ca u se d t hi s b it t e r fl a v ou r ? f or w e t e n d it a s of ol d .

The B odhisa t t a exp l ai n ed the reaso n in the se co n d

stan za
t he t ru n k t wi n i n g , b ra n ch w i t h b ra n ch, w it h
’

Rou n d a b ou t en an d root

roo t ,

S e e t he b i t t e r cre e p e r cl i mb i n g ; t ha t i s w ha t ha s s p oil t y ou r f ru i t ;
S o y ou se e b ad co mp a n y w il l m a k e t he b e t t e r f oll ow s u i t .
1 56 THE PRIEST I N HORSE TRAPPINGS -

B odhisa t t a , seein g that it was a do n key repeated the first ,

stan za :
N or i on l n or t ig e r I se e ,

N ot e ve n a p a n t he r i s he
don k e y — t he wre t che d ha ck !
’

But a ol d

v hi s b a ck ! W it h a l io n s k i n o er

As soo n as the vi l lagers learn t that it was o n ly a n ass ,

they cudgelled him ti l l they broke his bo n es a n d then wen t ,

ofl with the l ion s k in When the Merchan t appeared a n d .

,

foun d that his ass had come to grief he repeated the ,

secon d stan za
T he don key ,
i f he ha d b e e n wi s e ,
M i g ht l on g t he g re e n b a r e y ha e e a t e n l v
A l i on s k i n w a s hi s di s g u i s e
v a he e ha w a n d g ot b e a t e n !
B u t he g a e -
,

As he was in the act of utteri n g these words the ass ,

expired The Merchan t left him a n d wen t his way

.
, .

I P (T ) III 1 t h ki i
n .
p th . di. vi d c f t h K h mi i
e s ig i
n s a an
’
e r s, a n s e en e or e as r an or n

o f t hi c i I
s re P (R ) 7 it i ch g d wi t h t h l c l it y t
e n s on . n t ig .ki IV . s an e e o a o a er s -
n,

m f mili
ore f th a th A t c ar f th ur li v i i e r s ou i th fi t t z . ra e o e ear er e rs on s se e n n e rs s an a

o f t h j at k wh
e p th i
a f a, d t I A
e re p (B b a1 39 H l m an er s re e rre o . n e so a r .
,
a as

P f Rh y D v id
ro . t t sl fa th f t h ki i t g iv
n o e s , a n a u ra S m re a s on or e u se o e s n s no en . o .

L X I 1 8 (ii 6 5 ) f l l w P
I . Th
. li t f
o c t t h f b l i G k lit t
o s . e ear es re e re n e o e a e n re e e ra u re

i L ci
s P i
u t c 32 t h
an ,
pp d f sca c i Pl t C t 4 1 1 b i g t t h
. .
, e su ose re e re n e n a o, ra . A, e n o e

li f H c l i th c c i H S t I 6 22
’
on s ski n o il y y f
e r u e s , n or s e re ne e s sa r an re e re n e n or . a . . .
,

II 1 6 4 Of H
. . t h J c b 57
. . a us ra ,
a o s .

THE PR I EST IN H ORSE TRAPP I NGS -

O n ce upo n a time when ki n g B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g ,

in Be n ares the B odhis a t t a was bor n of his chief q uee n

, .

He came of age a n d his father passed away a n d then he ,

be came ki n g a n d rul ed in righteous n ess .

The B odhisa t t a had a fami l y priest n amed Rub aka ,

a n d this Ru b aka had a n o l d brahmi n woman to wife .

The ki n g gave the brahmi n a horse accoutred with all

 THE PR I E S T IN H ORSE TRAPP I NG S -
1 57

its trappin gs a n d he moun ted the horse and we n t to wait

,

upon the ki n g As he rode alo n g on the back of his

.

ri chly capariso n ed steed the people on this side a n d that

,

”
were loud in its praise : S ee that fin e horse ! they cried ;
“
what a beauty !
Whe n he came home agai n he wen t in to his man sio n ,

a n d told his wife

“
Goodwife said he our horse is
, , ,

passin g fin e ! Right a n d left the people are all speaki n g

”
in praise of it .

Now his wife was no better than she should be a n d full ,

of deceit ; s o s he made reply to him thus .

“
Ah husban d you do n ot k n ow wherei n lies the beauty
, ,

of this horse It is all in his fin e trappi n gs Now if you

. .

would make yourself fin e like the horse put his trappi n gs ,

on yourself a n d go dow n i n to the street pran ci n g alo n g ,

horse fashio n You will see the ki n g a n d he will praise

-
.
,

y ou, a n d all the people will praise y ou .

This fool of a brahmi n liste n ed to it all but did n ot ,

kn ow what she purposed S o he believed her a n d di d as

.
,

she had said Al l that saw him laughed aloud : There

.
“

”
goes a fin e professor ! said they all A n d the kin g cried .

shame on hi m Why my Teacher said he has your

.
, , ,
“

”
bile gon e wrong ? Are y ou crazy ? At this the brahmi n
thought that he must have behaved amiss a n d he was ,

ashamed S o he was wroth with his wife a n d made haste

.
,

home sayi n g to himself The woman has shamed me

, ,
“

before the kin g a n d all his army : I will chastise her a n d

turn her ou t of doors !
But the crafty woma n foun d out that he had come
home in an ger ; she stole a march on him a n d departed ,

by a side door a n d made her way to the palace where

, ,

s he stayed four or five days When the ki n g heard of it .

,

he se n t for his priest a n d said to him , ,

1 58 INGRATITUDE P U N I SHED
My Teacher all woman ki n d are full of faults ; you
,

ough t to forgive this lady ; a n d with i n ten t to make him ”

forgive he uttered the first stan za

Ev e n a b ro k e n b ow s t ri n g ca n b e m e n de d a n d m a de w hol e
F org i v e y ou r wi fe a n d che ri s h n ot t hi s a n g e r i n y ou r s ou l
,
.

Heari n g this Rub aka uttered the se co n d ,

Whil e t he re i s b ar k and w ork m e n t oo

y b ow s t ri n g s n e w
’
Ti s e a s y t o b u .

A n ot he r wi fe I w il rocu re ; l p
I v e ha d e n ou g h of t hi s on e , s u re
’
.

So sayi n g he se n t her away , , an d took him an other

brahmi n woman to wife .

P .
(B .
)W 6 . . k e s him a e his e a d s a e d, a n d t e k g s
The min is t e r s wi fe ma
’
h i n
’
hv h hv
v
wife dri e s he r us b a n d wi t h
a b ridl e W e n t he ki n g a s k s his min ist e r why he is
h . h
hv
s a en at th e w ron g t ime , t he mi n is t e r re t ort s on t he ki n g s foll y
’
T i s l a t t e r p oin t . h
w a s prob a b l y omit t e d in t he ja t a k a i n orde r t o fit it in t o t he b odhisa t t a t e ory Cf h . .

Be n f Ew t
. . 187 .

I NGRATITUDE PUN I SHED

O n ce upo n a ti me whe n ki n g B ra hma da t t a reign ed ,

over Be n ares the B o dhis a t t a was born as his chief queen s

’

s on On h
. i s n ame day they called him Pri n ce Paduma -

, ,

the Lotus Pri n ce After him came six youn ger brothers . .

O n e after an other these seve n came of age a n d married

a n d sett l ed dow n livi n g as the ki n g s compa n io n s
’

, .

O n e day the ki n g l ooked out i n to the palace courts ,

a n d as he looked he saw these m e n with a great fo ll owi n g

o n their way to wait upo n himsel f He co n ceived the .

suspicion that they mean t to slay him a n d seize his ,

ki n gdom S o he sen t for them a n d after this fashio n

.
,

bespake them .

My son s you may n ot dwell in this town , S o go .

elsewhere a n d when I die you shal l return a n d take the

,

kin gdo m which belo n gs to our family .

”
160 I NGRAT I TUDE PUN I SHED

river they made a hermit s hut a n d took up their abode

’

in it .

Now it happe n ed that a robber in the regio n s of Upper

Gan ges had been guilty of high treaso n His han ds a n d .

feet a n d his n ose a n d ears had been cut off a n d he was

, ,

laid in a can oe a n d left to drift down the g reat river To

, .

thi s place he floated groan i n g aloud with pai n The , .

B odhis a t t a heard his piteous waili n g .

While I live said he n o poor creature shall perish

, ,
“

for me ! a n d to the river ba n k he we n t a n d saved the ,

ma n .He brought him to the hut a n d with astrin ge n t ,

lotion s a n d oi n tme n ts he ten ded his woun ds .

But his wife said to herself Here is a n i ce lazy fellow ,

he has fetched ou t of the Gan ges t o look after ! a n d she ,

wen t about spitti n g for disgust at the fellow .

Now whe n the man s woun ds were growi n g together ’

the B odhis a t t a had him to dwell there i n the b u t alo n g

with his wife a n d he brought fruits of all ki n ds from the
,

forest to feed both him a n d the woman A n d as they .

thus dwelt together the woman fell in love with the fellow
, ,

a n d committed s in Then she desired to ki l l the Bod

.

his a t t a a n d said to him

, Husban d as I sat on your ,
“
,

shoulder whe n I cam e ou t from the forest I saw y on hill , ,

a n d I vowed that if ever you a n d I should be saved a n d ,

come to n o harm I wou l d make offeri n g to the holy spirit

,

of the hill No w this Spirit haun ts me : a n d I desire to

.

pay my ofl e rin g !
Very good said the B odhis a t t a n o t kn owi n g her
, ,

guile He prepared a n o fferi n g a n d deliveri n g t o her the

. ,

vessel of o fferi n g he climbed the hi l l top Then his wife

,
-
.

said t o him ,

Husban d n ot the hill spirit but you are my chief of

,
-

gods ! The n in your hon our first of all I will o ffer wild
 INGRATITUDE PUNI S HED ‘

flowers a n d walk reveren tly rou n d y ou keepin g you on

, ,

the right a n d salute y ou : a n d after that I will make my

,

S o sayi n g she placed him

”
o fferin g to the mou n tai n spirit .
,

faci n g a precipice a n d pretended to salute him by ofl e rin g

,

flowers a n d walkin g rou n d him Thus getti n g behin d .

him she smote him on the back a n d hurled him down

, ,

“
the precipice The n she cried in her j oy I have seen
.
,

the back of my e n emy ! a n d she came down from the

moun tai n a n d we n t i n to the presen ce of her paramour
, .

Now the B o dhis a t t a tumbled dow n the cliff ; but he

stuck fast in a clump of leaves on the t op of a fig tre e -

where there were no thorn s Yet he could n ot get down .

the hill so there he sat amo n g the bran ches eatin g the
, ,

figs It happen ed that a huge lizard ki n g used t o climb

.

the hill from the foot of it a n d would eat the fruit of this ,

fig tree
-
That day he saw the B odhisa t t a a n d took t o
.

fli ght O n the n ext day he came a n d ate some fruit on

.
,

o n e side of it Again a n d again he came till at last he

’

.
,

struck up a frien dship with the B odhi s a t t a .

”
“
How did y ou get to this place ? he asked ; a n d the
B odhi s a t t a told him how .

’
“
Well do n t b e afraid said the lizard ; a n d taki n g
, ,

hi m on his own back he descen ded the hill a n d brought ,

him ou t of the forest There he se t him upon the high .

road a n d shewed him what way he sho u l d go a n d himself

, ,

retur n ed to t he forest .

The other proceeded t o a certai n village a n d dwelt ,

there till he heard of his father s death Upon this he ’

.

made his way to Ben ares There he i n herited the ki n g .

dom which belonged to his family a n d took the n ame of ,

Ki n g Lotus ; the t e n rules of righteous n ess for k i n gs he

did not tran sgress a n d he ruled uprightly He built six ,
.

Halls of Boun ty on e at each of the four gates on e in t he

, ,

F . a T . 11
162 INGRATITUDE PUNI S HED
m idst of the city , an d on e before the palace ; and every
day he distributed in g ifts six hu n dred thousa n d pieces
o f mo n ey .

Now the wi cked wife took her paramour upo n her

shoulders a n d came forth out of the forest ; a n d she wen t
,

a beggi n g amo n g the people, a n d collected rice a n d gruel

-

t o support h i m withal I f she was asked what the ma n .

was to her she would reply His mother was sister to my

, ,
“

father he is my cou sin ; to hi m they gave me Even if

,
l
.

he were doomed to death I would take my own husban d

upo n my shoulders a n d care for him a n d beg food for , ,
”
his livi n g !
What a devoted wife ! said a l l the people A n d .

then ceforward they gave her more food than ever Some .

o f them also o ffered advice sayi n g Do n ot l ive in this , ,

way Ki n g Lotus is lord of Ben ares ; he has set all I n dia

.

in a stir by his bou n ty I t will delight him t o see you ; .

s o delighted wi l l he be that he will give y ou ri ch gifts , .

Put your husban d in this basket a n d make your way to ,

him So sayin g they persuaded her a n d gave her a

.
, ,

basket of osiers .

The wi cked woman pla ced her paramour in the basket ,

a n d taki n g it up she repaired to Be n ares a n d lived o n ,

what she got at the Halls of Boun ty Now the B odhisa t t a .

used t o ride to a n al ms hall upo n the back of a sple n di d -

elephan t richly di ght ; a n d after givin g alms to eight or

t e n people he would s e t out agai n for home
, The n the .

wicked woman pla ced her paramour in the basket a n d ,

taki n g it up she stood where the ki n g was used to pass

, .

The ki n g saw her Who is this ? he asked A devoted

. .
“

wife was the an swer He sen t for her a n d recogni sed

,
.
,

1
The P a n ch a t a n t ra sa y s his ki n sfol k pe rse cu t e d him ,
w i h chg iv e s a re a s on for
t he st a t e he wa s se e n in .
(Dr Rous e ) .
1 64 THE GOBL I N CITY
W it h a g re a t cl u b b e a t ou t t he s cou n dre l s l i fe ’

Who li e s i n w a it t o s t e a l hi s n e ig hb ou r s wife ’
.

The n t a k e t he f a i t hf u l ha rl ot b y a n d b y ,

An d she a r off n os e an d e a rs b e fore s he di e .

But although the B odhis a t t a could n ot swallow his

an ger a n d ordai n ed this pun ishme n t for them he did not
, ,

do accordi ngly ; but he smothered his wrath a n d had the ,

basket fixed upo n her head so fast that she co u ld n ot

take it ofl ; the villai n he had placed in the same a n d
’

they were driven ou t of his k i n gdom .

Th v i i S m
e (ii 1 0 1 ) i
e rs on j at k n d cl l y f ll w t h i
o . Th v . . s a a a an ose o o s s . e

w m d t ff d t hi m t h v b th di g f
’
o a n s n os e an e a rs a reli cu o ,
an s us a e e en e e a r er e n n o

th p e t t l i impl i d b y t h v
re s e n Thi f t
a e , as i mit t d i T i b T
s e e e rs e s . s e a u re s o e n . . x x 1 .

I P (R )
n 5 th h
. b d v h l if b y givi g h h l f hi w Sh ft w d
IV . e us an sa es er e n er a s o n e a er ar s

p h us him i t es
w ll d g t t h c i t y wi t h t h c i ppl
n o a wh
e th ki g ( t h
an oe s o e e r e, e re e n no er

h b d) giv t h m pp t Wh h h b d di c v h h cc
us an es e su him or . en er us an s o e rs e r, s e a u se s

o f b i g h e n my H d m d b c k w h t h h g iv
er en e h . h gi v it hime e an s a a e as en e r, s e es

( t h l if )
. e . d f ll d d
er I S me ,
xv (i 9 8 ) t h b
an hmi R
a s th v th
ea . n o . x . . e ra n u ru u s sa es e

li f f hi b t t h d wh w
e o b it t
s by
e ro k Cf G imm 1 6 A m
e , o as en a sn a e . . r ,
n .

THE GOBL I N C I TY 1

O n ce upon a time there was in the islan d of Ceylo n ,

a gobli n town called S iris a v a t t hu peopled by she gobli n s ,

-

Whe n a ship is wrecked these adorn a n d deck themselves , ,

a n d taki n g rice a n d gruel with trai n s of s l aves a n d their , ,

childre n on their hip they come up to the merchan ts , .

I n order to make them imagi n e that the irs is a city of

human bei n gs they make them s e e here a n d there m e n ,

ploughi n g a n d ten din g kin e herds of cattle dogs a n d , , ,

the like Then approachi n g the merchan ts they i n vite

.

them to partake of the gruel rice a n d other food which , ,

they bri n g The merchan ts all u n aware eat of what is .

, ,

o ffered When they have eate n a n d drun k en a n d are

.
,

taki n g their rest the gob l i n s address them thus : Where ,

Th m g ic l V l a h h
1
i f th ki g
e v ta f Empi
a i a a orse s on e o e n
’
s se en re a su re s o re n

J at 479 d . f t h ch i t —
h f Vi h
,
ani t h M h ab h a t on e o e ar o ors e s o s nu n e a ra a.
 THE GOBLIN CITY 165

do you live ? where do y ou come from ? whither are you

goi n g a n d what erran d brought you here ?
, We were ” “

”
shi pwrecked here they reply Very good n oble sirs
, .
, ,

“
the others make an swer ; tis three years ago si n ce our ’

own husban ds we n t o n board ship ; they m u st have perished .

Y ou are merchan ts t oo ; we will be your wives Thus ”

.

they lead them astray by their women s wiles a n d tricks ’

, ,

a n d dallian ce u n til t hey get them into the gobli n

, city ;
the n if they have a n y others already caught they bind
, ,

these wit h magic chai n s a n d cast them i n to the house of ,

tormen t A n d if they fin d n o shi pwrecked m e n in the

.

place where they dwell they scour the coast as far as the ,

1
river Kalya n i on on e side a n d the islan d of N a g a dipa on
the other This is their way
. .

Now it happen ed o n ce that five hun dred shipwrecked

traders were cast ashore near the city of these she goblins -
.

The goblin s came up t o them a n d e n ti ced them till they ,

brought them to their city ; those who m they had caught

before they boun d with magic chai n s a n d cast them i n to
,

the house of tormen t The n the chief goblin took the .

chief m a n a n d the others took the rest till five hun dre d
, ,

had the five hun dred traders ; a n d they m ade the me n

their husban ds The n in the night time whe n her ma n
.
,

was asleep the chief she gobli n rose up a n d made her

,
-

way to the house of death slew some of the m e n and ate ,

them The others did the same When the eldest gobli n
. .

return e d from eatin g men s flesh her body was cold The ’

, .

eldest mer chan t embraced her a n d perceived that she ,

“
was a goblin All the five hun dred of them must be
.

”
goblins ! he thought to himself : we must make ou r “

escape !
S o in the early morn i n g whe n he we n t to wash his ,

1
The mode rn Kae l a n i g a ng a (J -
ou rn . o f t he P a l i Te wt S oc , 1 888, p .
166 THE GOBLIN CI TY
face he bespake the other merchants in these words
, .

“
These are goblin s a n d n ot human bei n gs ! As s oo n as ,

other shipwrecked me n ca n be foun d they will make them

their husban ds a n d will eat us ; come—let us escape !
,
”

Two hun dred a n d fifty of them replied We can n ot ,

“

leave them : go ye if ye will but we will n ot flee away , ,

.

The n the chief trader with two hun dred a n d fifty who ,

were ready to obey hi m fled away in fear of the gobli n s ,

.

N ow at that time the B odhis a t t a had come in to the ,

world as a flyi n g ho rse whi te all over a n d beaked like a , ,

crow with hair like m un j a grass possessed of super

, ,

n atural power able to fly through the air , From Himalaya .

he flew through the air un til he came to Ceylo n There .

he passed over the ponds a n d tan ks of Ceylon a n d ate ,

the paddy that grew wild there As he p as sed on thus .

,

he thrice uttered human speech filled with mercy sayi n g ,

Who wan ts to go home ? who wan ts to g o home ?

The traders heard his sayi n g a n d cried We are goin g ,

”
home master ! j oi n i n g their han ds a n d raisi n g them
, ,

respe ctfu lly to their foreheads The n cl imb up on my .

“

back said the B o dhis a t t a Thereat some of them climbed

,
”
.

up some laid hold of his tail a n d some remai n ed stan di n g

, , ,

wi th a respectful salute Then the B o dhis a t t a took u p .

even those who stood still saluti n g him a n d con veyed all ,

of them eve n two hun dred a n d fifty to their own cou n try
, , ,

a n d set dovm each in his own place ; the n he we n t back

to his place of dwelli n g .

An d the she gobli n s whe n o ther m e n came to that

-

place slew those two hun dred a n d fifty who were left a n d
, ,

devoured them .

D i y d dd
v 524 K d
t a z d y d h 52 B l R m L g 3 3 2
na ,
ra z Tib t v i by
a v a ,
ea ,
o . e .
,
a e an e rs on

W z l J R A S 1 88 8 50 3 Th m gi c h
en e , ,
w h ich i t h P a li i
,
.
p vi i c
e a ors e , n e s a re ou s n a rn a

ti f B ddh i
on o l u pi d i t h t l f S p iy (D i y d
a, s a so a n e d i th
so e n e a e o u r a v v
. an s e re

i c ti f M it y d i t h Ka d y fih f A v l kit v W z l
’

an n a rn a on o a re a, an n e ra n av a o a o e s a ra . en e
16 8 THE CHO I CE OF A HU S BAND
What ! you preach to me ! y ou do n t kn ow your mea ’

s u re ! a n d she wrun g hi s n eck a n d threw him i n to the

”
,

oven .

The brahmi n return ed Whe n he had rested he asked .

,

the B odhisa t t a : Well my dear what about your mother “

, ,

— does she do wro n g or n o ? a n d as he asked the questio n , ,

he repeated the first coup l et

I come my son t he j ou rn e y don e a n d n ow I a m a t home a g a in
, , ,

C ome t e ll m e ; i s y ou r mot he r t ru e ? doe s s he ma k e l o v e t o ot he r m e n ?

“
R a dha an swered Father dear the wise speak n ot of , ,

thi n gs which do n ot con du ce t o blessi n g whether they ,

have happen ed or n o t a n d he explai n ed this by re

a t in g the se co n d coup l et
p e

F or w ha t he s a i d he n ow l i e s de a d b u rn t u p b e n e a t h t he a s he s t he re ,

I t i s n ot w e ll t he t ru t h t o t e ll l e s t P ot t ha pad a s fa t e I s ha re
’
, .

Thus did the B odhis a t t a hold forth to the brahmi n :

a n d he we n t on This is n o place for me to live in

”
either ; then biddin g the brahmi n farewell he flew away ,

to the woods .

A h t s v i t i J a t 1 4 5 Thi i t h f m t y f S l d f t h P i
or e r ar an n . . s s e ra e s or o a t ,
an o e e rs a n

an d T ki h d iv t iv
ur sTa l i a m h Th P a l i f m i c l
er a es t th l tt th
-
n e . e or s os e r o e se a er an

t th S
o e k i t A i th P i th
an s r . s tw bi dn f w h ic h i k ill d
e e rs a n e re a re o r s, on e o s e

th rou g h hi h d t h wif i p t t d t h
s ra s n e ss , a n I th S k it t h i e e s u o ea . n e an s r e re s on e

b i d w h ich i gi v
r ,
t th m s t c him f hi vi l c
en o ed th i g wi f i
an o u re o s e ou rs e s, a n e e rr n e s

fi ll y p d d G t R m 6 8 Ot h v i t i Cl t ii 1 9 6 if A J i
na a r on e , es a o . . er ar an s n ou s on , . . a n

v i i g iv i J J M y H i d T l 3 0 2 L d 1 9 0 9
e rs on s en n . . e ers
’
n u a es , . on on , .

T HE CHO I CE OF A HUSBAND
O n ce upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a ruled in Ben ares ,

the B odhisa t t a was born as a brahmi n s s on He came

’
.

of age a n d received his educatio n at Ta k k a s il a ; the n on

,

return i n g he became a famous teacher .

Now there was a brahmi n who had four daughters .

 THE FOOLHARDY CROW 169

These four were wooed by four person s as told a b ove l

.

The brahmi n could n ot decide to whom to give them .

”
“
I will en quire of the teacher he thought a n d then he , ,
“

shall have them to whom they should be given S o he .

came i n to the teacher s presence a n d repeated the first ’

couplet
On e i s g ood a n d on e i s n ob l e ; on e ha s b e a u t y on e ha s y e a rs
, ,
.

A n s we r me t hi s q u e st ion b ra hmi n ; of t he f ou r w hi ch b e s t a pp e a rs ?
, ,

Heari n g this the tea cher replied Even though there , ,

“

be beauty a n d the like qualities a ma n is to be despised ,

if he fail in virt ue Therefore the former is n ot the .

measure of a ma n ; those that I like are the virtuous An d

”
.

in explan ation of t h i s matter he repeated the second ,

couplet
G ood i s b t o t he a g e d s he w re s e ct , for t hi s i s ri g ht
eau ty : p
G ood i s n ob e b i rt h; b u t v i rt u e — v i rt u e , t ha t i s m y de i g ht
l l .

When the brahmin heard this he gave all his daughters ,

to the virtuous wooer .

P ib l yossm ch m l i d v i af V t 2 wh e f
u w di put e f t h ora se e rs on o e .
,
er ou r ooe rs s or e

h d f b h mi d g ht Th i cc i S m L w (ii t h H i di
’
an o a ra n s au er . s o u rs n o . xx . . e n

B a ita l P a e hz s i, B u rme se f P ri n ce ss S u dha mm a cdrt (t r b y

'

and P re ce de n t s o .

St J h in F ol hl J
o n . ou rn . vii . 3 0 9 if ), whe re t h e re a re on l y t hre e wooe rs .

THE FOOL HARDY CROW

O n ce upo n a time while B ra hma da t t a reign ed as kin g ,

in Be n ares the B o dhisa t t a became a marsh crow a n d

, ,

dwelt by a cert ai n pool His n ame was Vi ra k a the .

,

S trong .

There arose a famin e in K a si Men could n ot spare .

food for the crows n or make offeri n g t o gobli n s a n d ,

n a gas O n e by on e the crows left the fami n e stricken

.
-

lan d a n d betook them t o the woods

, .

l 1
i t h i t d c t y t y i wh ich B ddh i c
a n e n l t d b y b hmi wh
ro u or s or ,
n u a s on su e a ra n os e

d g ht
au w d by f
e rs a re it h d m
ooe ld f g d f mily d
ou r su ors, on e an so e , on e o ,
on e o oo a , an

on e g ood .
1 70 THE F OOLHARDY CROW
A certai n crow n amed S a vit t ha k a who lived at Ben ares , ,

took with him his lady crow a n d wen t to the place wher e
V ira k a lived maki n g his abode beside the same pool
, .

O n e day this crow was seeki n g food about the pool

,
.

He saw how V i ra k a we n t down i n to it a n d made a meal ,

off some fish ; a n d afterwards came up ou t of the water

agai n a n d stood dryi n g his feathers

, Un der the wi n g .
“

”
of that crow thought he plen ty of fish are to be got
, ,
.

I will become hi s servan t So he drew n ear . .

“ ”
What is it S ir ? asked V i ra k a ,
.

I wan t to be your servan t my lord ! was the rep l y ,

.

V i ra k a agreed a n d from that time the other served,

him A n d from that time V i ra k a used to eat e n ough fish

.
,

to keep him alive a n d the rest he gave to S a v it t ha k a as

,

soo n as he had caught them ; a n d whe n S a vi t t ha k a had

eate n en ough to keep him alive he gave what was over to ,

his wife .

After a while pride came i n to hi s heart This crow .

,

said he is black a n d so am I : in eyes a n d beak a n d feet

,
“
, ,

too there is n o di ffere n ce between u s I do n t wan t his

, .
’

fish ; I will catch my own ! So he to l d V i ra k a that for

the future he i n te n ded to go down to the water a n d catch
fish himself The n V i ra k a said Good frien d y ou do n ot
.
,
“
,

belon g to a tribe of such crows as are born to go i n to

water a n d catch fish Do n t destroy yourself ! .
’

But in Spite of this attempt to dissuade him S a v it t ha k a ,

did n ot take the warn i n g to heart Do wn he wen t t o the .

pool down i n to the water ; but he could n ot make his

,

way through the weeds a d come out agai

n n — there he
wa s e n ta n gled in the weeds with o n ly the tip of his beak
, ,

appearin g above the water So n ot bei n g able t o breathe .

he perished there ben eath the water .

His mate n oticed that he did n ot return a n d wen t to ,

1 72 WOODPECKE R TORTOISE AND , , AN TE L O P E

Said the Woodpecker to the Tort oise Frien d you ,

“
,

have teeth — bite this s n are through ; I will go and see to

it that the hun ter keeps away ; a n d if we both do ou r best ,

o u r frien d will n ot lose his life To make this clear he

.

uttered the first stan za :

Com e T ort oi s e t e a r t he l e a t he rn s n a re a n d b it e i t t hrou g ha n d t hrou g h
, , , ,

A n d of t he hu n t e r I ll t a k e ca re a n d k e e p hi m oif f rom y ou
’
, .

The Tortoise began to gn aw the leather thon g : the

Woodpecker made his way to the hun ter s dwelli n g At ’
.

dawn of day the hu n ter we n t out kn ife in han d As soo n , .

as the bird saw him start he uttered a cry fl a ppe d his , ,

wi n gs a n d struck hi m in the face as he left the fro n t door

, .

“
Some bird of ill omen has struck me ! though t the
hun ter ; he turn ed back a n d lay down for a litt l e while
, .

The n he rose up agai n a n d took his k n ife The b ird , .

reaso n ed withi n himself The first time he we n t out by

,
“

the fro n t door so n ow he will leave by the back : a n d he

,
”

sat him down behi n d the house The hun ter too reaso n ed .
, ,

in the same way : Whe n I we n t o u t by the fro n t door I

“
,

a n d so
”
s a w a bad ome n n ow will I go o u t by the ba ck !
,

he did B u t the bird cried o u t agai n a n d struck him in

.
,

the face Fin din g that he was agai n struck by a b ird of

.

ill omen the hu n ter exclaimed This creature wi l l n ot

, ,
“

”
let me go ! a n d turn i n g back he lay down un til sun rise ,

a n d whe n the su n was rise n he took his k n ife a n d started , .

The Woodpecker made all haste back to his frien ds .

”
Here comes the hu n ter ! he cried By this time the .

Tortoise had g n awed through all the thon gs but o n e tough

tho n g : his teeth seemed as though they would fall out ,

a n d his mouth was all smeared with blood The Bodhi .

satta saw the you n g hu n ter comi n g on l ike light n i n g k n ife ,

in han d ; he burst the tho n g a n d fled i n to the woods The , .

Woodpecker perched upo n his tree t op But the Tortoise -

.
 WOODPECKER TORTOISE AND ANTELOPE , ,
1 73

was so weak that he lay where he was The hu n ter threw

,
.

him i n to a bag a n d tied it to a tree ,

.

The B odhis a t t a observed that the Tortoise was taken ,

’

a n d determi n ed t o save his frien d s life S o he let the .

hun ter s e e him a n d made as though he were weak The

,
.

hun ter s a w hi m a n d thinki n g him to be weak seized his

, ,

kn ife a n d set ou t in pursuit The B odhisa t t a keepi n g j ust .

,

ou t of his reach led him i n to the forest ; a n d when he saw

,

that they had come far away gave him the slip a n d re ,

turn ed swift a s the wi n d by an other way He lift ed the .

bag with his horn s threw it upon the grou n d ripped it , ,

open a n d let the Tortoise ou t A n d the Woodpecker .

came down from the tree .

Then the B odhis a t t a thus addressed them both : My “

life has been saved by you a n d y ou have do n e a frien d s ,

’

part to me Now the hun ter will come a n d take y ou ; s o

.

do y ou frie n d Woodpecker migrate elsewhere with your

, ,

brood a n d y ou frien d Tortoise di ve i n to t he water

, , , .
”

They did so .

The Master as the All e n li g hte n ed O n e uttered the

,
-

seco n d stan za
The T ort oi se w e n t i n t o t he p on d t he D e e r i n t o t he w ood
, ,

A n d from t he t re e t he Woodp e ck e r ca rri e d a wa y hi s b rood .

The hu n ter returne d a n d s a w n o n e of them He ,

.

foun d his bag torn ; picked it up a n d we n t home sorrow ,

ful. A n d the three frie n ds lived all their life lo n g in

un broke n amity a n d the n passed away to fare accordi n g ,

to their deeds .

Th l t t
e p t f t h f m t y f P II (c w m
a er ar o d t l p ) Cf e ra e s or o . . ro ,
ou s e , an an e o e .
.

J a t 33 p 32 Fig r d t h B h h t St p pl v 9
.
, . . u e on e ar u u a, . x x n
. .
 THE CROCOD I LE AND THE MON K EY
O n ce upon a time while B ra hm a da t t a was ki n g of ,

Be n ares the B odhisa t t a came to life at the foot of Hima

,

laya as a Mo n key He grew stro n g a n d sturdy big of .

,

frame wel l to do a n d lived by a curve of the river Gan ges

,
- -
,

in a forest hau n t .

Now at that time there was a Cro codile dwelli n g in the

Gan ges The Cro codi l e s mate s a w the great frame of the
.
’

mo n key a n d she co n ceived a lo n gi n g for his heart to eat

,
.

S o she said to her lord : Sir I desire to eat the heart of “

,

that great ki n g of the mo n keys

Good wife said the Crocodile we live in the water, ,

a n d he lives o n dr y la d : how ca n we cat ch him

n ?

By hook or by crook she replied caught he must , ,

“

be I f I don t get hi m I shall di e ’

, .
”

All right an swered the Cro codile co n soli n g her

-

, , ,

don t troub l e yoursel f I have a plan ; I wi l l give y ou his

’
.

”
heart to eat .

S o whe n the B o dhisa t t a was sitti n g on the ban k o f the

Gan ges after taki n g a dri n k of water the Croco di le drew
, ,

n ear a n d said
,

“
Sir Mo n key why do you live on bad fruits in this ol d
,

familiar place ? O n the other side of the Ga n ges there is

n o e n d t o the ma n go trees a n d bread fru i t t re e s with fruit -
l
, ,

sweet as ho n ey ! I s it n ot better to cross over a n d have all

ki n ds of wild fruit to eat ?
Lord Crocodile the Mo n key made an swer deep a n d
wide is the Gan ges : how shall I get across ?
If you will go I wi ll mou n t you on my back a n d carry
”
, ,
”
, ,

”
you over .

A t c p L h ( Chil d ) 1
r o ar us a cu c a e rs .
1 76 THE BRAHM I N AND THE ACROBAT
The
Crocodi le feelin g as s a d a n d miserable as if he had ,

lost a thousan d pieces of mon ey wen t back sorrowin g to ,

the place where he lived .

Fra me A t a l e w i de y spre a d b y m e a n s of b u ddhi sm in A sia

st ory of P . IV . l .

a t 5 7 , 3 4 2 , C a ri g d P i t I II 7 , M a hd i (i s m
J 1 0 8 , O Con n or, F ol k t a le s II ’

V a ria n t s in
-
. . . .

f rom T i b e t 2 0 ,
G rifli s , J a pa n es e F a i ry W or l d, No 1 7 ,
B e a l , R om a n t i c L eg e n d, .

2 3 1, K D . .
(Syr ) III . B e n fe y c o mpa re s A e s op ( H a l m M on ke y an d
D olphi n . In J at mon k e y ha s t o l e a p on a ro k w i
. 5 7 t he is o u pie d b y t he c h ch cc
c c ro odi l e . The mon k e y a ddre ss e s t he ro k , a n d t he ro odi l e re e a l s imse lf b y c c c v h
re pl yi n g . h c
T i s in ide n t i s pa ra ll e l t o P (T ) II I , A n a n g I I I , ( B ) m 1 4, The F ox a n d
. . h . . .

t he spe a k i n g H ol e . h
T i s fa b l e is fi rst fou n d in G re e k i n P l a t o, A l ci b . I . 123 A . In
Jat 2 1 . a n a n t e l ope spe a ks t o a t re e in w hi ch h e s u s pe ct s a h un ter . Dr R ou s e g i e s v
a J wi h e s form g i Ne st or v
n u rma n n , who
en b y Mr I . Sch h e a rd it from his
n u rs e (a b ou t n e u pon a t ime , t h e K in g of t h O c
e Fis e s w as w a n t in g in h
v
wi sdom H is a d i se rs t ol d him t a t on e he ou l d g e t t he e a rt of t he fox , he w ou l d h c c h
c
b e ome wi s e S o he se n t a de pu t a t ion , on sist in g of t he gre a t ma g n a t e s of t he
. c
h
se a, w a l e s a n d ot e rs
‘
h
Ou r ki n g w a n t s y ou r a d i e on some s t a t e a fl a irs
.
’
The vc '

fox , fl a t t e re d, on se n t e d c
A w a l e t ook him on h is b a k h
On t he wa y t he w a e s
. c . v
b e a t u pon him ; a t l a st he a sk e d w a t t e y re a ll y w a n t e d T e y s a id, w a t t e ir h h . h h h
kin g re a ll y w a n t e d w a s t o e a t his e a rt , b y w i he ope d t o b e ome l e e r H e h h ch h c c v .

sa i d
‘
Why didn t y ou t e ll me t a t b e fore I w ou l d g l a dl y sa cri e my l ife for su c
,
’
h fic h
a w ort y ob e t h jc
B u t w e fox e s al w a y s l e a e ou r e a rt s a t
. ome Ta k e me b a k v h h . c
f t ch it Ot h Im h him
’
y ou r kin g wil l b e a n g ry So t
’
d I ll e rwi s e t ook
’
an e . su re . ey

ba k c . As s oon as he g ot n ear t he s h ore , he l e a pe d on l a n d, an d c ri e d A h y ou

‘

fool s ! Ha v e v h
y ou e e r e a rd of a n a n ima l n ot c a rryi n g his h e a rt wi t h him ? a n d
’

ra n off . The fish ha d t o re t u rn e mpt y

”
. Se e The f ox
’
s he a rt in The B ook o f
D e l ig ht
( P il a de l p i a ,
1 9 1 2h) b y I A b h
ra a ms , who gi e s t he . h v J e wis hv e rsion from t he
A lpha b e t u m S ira cidis , a n d mu in forma t ion on t he fol l ore ch k of e a t in g t he h e a rt .

THE BRAHMIN AND THE ACROBAT

O n ce upo n a time whi l e B ra hm a da t t a was reign i n g in ,

Be n ares the B o dhisa t t a was born as on e of a family of

,

poor acrobats that l ived by beggin g So when he grew ,

.

up he wa s n eedy a n d squali d a n d by beggi n g he lived

, ,
.

There wa s at the time in a certain village of K a si a , ,

 THE BRAHMIN AND THE ACROBAT 1 77

brahm in whose wife was bad a n d wicked a n d did wro n g ,

.

A n d it befell that the husban d we n t abroad on e day upo n

some matter a n d her lover wat chin g his time went to visit
,

the house After she had re ceived him he said I will

.
, ,

eat a bit before I go S o she made ready the food a n d .

,

served up rice hot with sauce a n d curry a n d gave it hi m , ,

biddi n g him eat : she herself stood at the door watchin g ,

the brahmi n s comin g A n d while the lover was eatin g the

’
.
,

B o dhis a t t a stood waiti n g for a morsel .

At that momen t the brahmin set his face for home .

A n d his Wife saw him drawin g n i gh a n d ra n in quickly ,

“
Up my ma n is comi n g ! a n d she made her lover g o
,
”

down i n to the store room The husban d came in ; she gave -

.

him a seat a n d water for washin g the han ds ; a n d upo n

,

the cold rice that was left by the other she t urned ou t
some hot rice a n d set it before him He put his han d ,
.

i n to the rice a n d felt that it was hot above a n d cold ,

below T hi s must be some on e else s leavi n gs thought

.
“ ’

he ; a n d so he asked the woman about it in the word s

of the first sta n za

H ot a t t op a n d col d a t b ot t o m n ot a li k e i t s e e ms t o b e
, ,

I wou l d a s k y ou f or t he re a s on com e my l a dy a n swe r m e ! : , ,

Again and again he asked but she feari n g lest her , ,

deed should be discovered held her peace The n a ,

.

thought came i n to our tumbler s min d The ma n down ’

.

in the store room must be a lover and this is the master

-

of the house : the wife says n othi n g for fear that her deed ,

be made man ifest S oho ! I wi ll declare the whole

.

matter a n d shew the brahmin that a m a n is hidde n in

,

his larder A n d he told him the whole matter : how that

.

when he had go n e ou t from his house an other had come

.

in a n d had done evil ; how he had eate n the first rice a n d

, ,

the wi fe had stood by the door to watch the road ; a n d

F . & T .
1 78 THE TORTO I SE AN D THE GEE SE
how the other ma n had bee n hidde n in the store room -
.

A n d in s o sayi n g he repeated the se co n d stan za : ,

I a m a t u mb l e r, S ir : I ca me on b e g g i n g he re i n t e n t ;
H e t ha t y ou se e k is hi di n g i n t he s t ore room , w he re he w e n t !
-

By his top kn ot he haled the ma n ou t of the store room

- -

a n d bade him take care n o t to do the l ike agai n ; a n d the n

he we n t away The brahmi n rebuked a nd beat them both.

,

a n d gave t h em such a lesson that they were n ot likely to do

the same agai n Afterwards he passed away to fare a c .

cordi n g to his deserts .

Cf O ld b g Th A k hy a
. Typ end t h J dt l
er J P TS 1 9 1 0—
,
e 1 2 ( =N h n a e a n e a a s, . ac

i ht
r c denk G ll d Wi G tti g
er . f di c
es e . i f t hi er ss . z u o n en , or a s us s on o s as a

t ypic l f m f j a t k
a or o a a .

THE TORTOISE AND THE GEE S E

a time B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of Be n ares a n d
O n ce on ,

the B odhis a t t a bei n g born t o on e of the ki n g s court grew

,
’

up a n d became the ki n g s adviser in a l l thin gs human a n d

’

divi n e But this ki n g was very talkative ; a n d when he

.

talked there was n o chan ce for a n y o t her to get in a word .

A n d the B o dhisa t t a wishi n g to pu t a stop to his much ,

talki n g kept wat chi n g for a n opportu n ity

, .

Now there dwelt a Tortoise in a certai n po n d in the

regio n of Himal ay a Two youn g wi l d Geese searchi n g for .
,

food stru ck u p a n a cquai n tan ce with him ; a n d by a n d

,

by they grew cl ose frie n ds together O n e day t hese two .

said t o him : Frien d Tortoise we have a lovely home in

“
,

Himalaya on a plateau of Moun t C it t a k u t a in a cave of

, ,

gold ! Will y ou come wi t h us ?

Why said he how ca n I get there ,
”
?
,

Oh we wi l l take y ou if o n l y y ou ca n keep your mouth

, ,

shut a n d say n ot a word to an ybody

,

Yes I ca n do that said he ; take me alon g !

, ,
 1 80 THE S TOLEN PLOUGH S HARE S
An d n ow , 0 m i g ht y ma st e r, m a rk it w e ll .

S e e t hou S pe a k wi se y , s e e t hou l S pe a k in s e a s on .

To de a t h t he T ort oi se f e : ll
l k e d t oo mu ch t ha t w a s t he re a s on
He t a : .

He is speaki n g of me the ki n g thought to himself ;

a n d asked the B o dhis a t t a if it was s o .

Be it y ou O great kin g or be it an other replied he , , , ,

whosoever tal k s beyo n d measure comes by some misery

of this ki n d a n d so he made the th in g man i fest An d .

then ceforward the ki n g abstai n ed from talkin g a n d became ,

a ma n of few words .

P (T ) I 1 1 (B ) I 1 3 S m Lx 1 6 8 (ii
. . .
,
K D (S y ) I l l ( A b )
. . J l i 14 ,
o . . . . . r .
,
ra v .
,
u en ,

D d II 1 1 Th T t i
o s . . d tw D
,
k Cf B b
e 1 1 5 H lm 4 19 t h f b l
or o se a n f o uc s . . a r .
,
a , e a e o

th t t i
e t h t wi h
or o s e t l t fly d i t k
a pb y g l w h d p him
s es o e a rn o ,
an s a en u an e a e, o ro s

on th ck d kill him I Ph d II 6 t h g l
e ro s an th dvi c f th
s v n ae r . . e ea e on e a e o e ra en

i t d t kill him
n en s J c b 60
o . a o s .

THE STOLEN PLOUGH S HARE S

O n ce upo n a time while B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of ,

Be n ares the B o dhis a t t a came i n to this world as the s on of

,

on e in the ki n g s court When he grew up he wa s made a

’
.

Lord Justi ce .

At that time two traders on e from a vil l age a n d on e , ,

of t he town were frie n ds together , The villager deposited .

with the town sman five hun dred ploughshares The other .

sold these a n d kept the pri ce a n d in the place where

, ,

they were he scattered mouse dun g By a n d by came .

the villager a n d as ked for his ploughshare ,

The mi ce .

have eate n them u p said the cheat a n d poin ted ou t 1

,

the mouse dun g to him .

Th i g g w d b y mic
1
n st w l c ky ; p J a t 8 7 ( l
na e p T ijj e or ra s e re u n u c . . vo . 1 . . ev a

S t t M hd i l i (t
u a ia B ddhi t S t t
s a ni
'

p Th m h ra n s . n u s u a s, . e an e re

goe sf t h t h hur d if t h m
er i c h d b t
an ib b l d t h p l g
e nee h h p h p h e e a u n e e ou s a re s er a s e
 THE S TOLEN PLOUGH S HARES 1 81

”
Well well so be it replied the other
,
what ca n be
, ,

do n e with thi n gs which the mice have eate n ?

Now at the time of bathi n g he took the other trader s
’

s on a n d set him in a frie n d s house in a n i n n er chamber

’

, , ,

biddi n g them n ot s u fl e r him to go ou t a n y whither A n d

’

’
havi n g washed himself he we n t to his frien d s house .

“
Where is my s on ? asked the cheat .

Dear frie n d he rep l ied I took him with me a n d ,

”
,
“

left him on the river side ; and whe n I was gon e down -

i n to the water there came a n osprey a n d seized your s on

, ,

in his exte n ded claws a n d flew up i n to the air I beat , .

the water shouted struggled— but could n ot make him

, ,

”
let go .

“
Lies ! cried the rogue No osprey could carry off .

”
a boy !
“
Let be dear frie n d : if thin gs happen that should n ot
, ,

how can I help it ? Your s on has been carried off by an

”
osprey as I s a y , .

The other reviled him Ah y ou scoundrel ! y ou .

,

m u rderer ! Now I will go to the j udge a n d have y ou ,

”
dragged before him ! A n d he departed The vil lager .

said A S y ou please and wen t to the court of j ustice

,
“
, .

The rogue addressed the B odhis a t t a thus :

My lord this fellow took my son with him t o bathe
, ,

and whe n I asked where he was he an swered that a n , ,

”
Osprey had carried him off Judge my cause ! .

Tell the truth said the B odhi s a t t a ask in g the other

“
, , .

I n deed my lord he an swered I took hi m with me

, , ,
“
,

a n d a hawk has carried him off

”
.

h
mig t t hrow t h e m a wa y — We ma l
a so ha ve a re fe re n c e t o an ol d prov e rb fou n d
y ,

bo th i n G re e k and L a t in whe re mi c e eat iron

”
me a n t “
n ow h e re .
”
H e ron das
3 . 75 0 1
’
58 dvm) s x a ipq s o f n 89 dy o ico s rov (7 58q
‘
rpa iy o v o w
‘ '
. S en e c a, A pOCOZOCg/n t osis
ch p a . l h v
7 (t o C a u diu s in e a e n ) e n ist i hu c u b i mu re s fe rru m v rodu n t .
(Dr Rous e ) .
1 82 THE S TOLEN PLOUGH S HARE S
But where in the world are there ospreys which carry
off boys ?

My lord he an swered I have a questio n to ask you

, ,
.

If ospreys can n ot carry off boys i n to the air ca n mice ,

eat iro n ploughshares ?

What do you mean by that ?
My lord I deposited in this man s house five hun dred
’

ploughshares The m a n told me that the mice had de

.

v ou re d them a n d shewed me the droppi n gs of the mice

,

that had don e it My lord if mice eat ploughshares the n .

, ,

ospreys carry ofi boys but if mice can n ot do thi s n either

’ ’

will hawks carry the b oy ofl T hi s m a n says the mice ate

’

my ploughshares Give se n te n ce whether they are eate n .

or n o Judge my cause
.

He must have mean t thought the B o dhis a t t a

“
to , ,

—
fight the tri ckster with his own weapo n s Well devised
said he a n d the n he uttered these two verses
,

We l l pl a n n e d i n de e d ! T he b it e r b i t ,
The t ri ck st e r t ri c e d— a k p re t t y hi t !
If m i ce ca n eat a p l ou g hs ha re ,
w hy ,
O s p re y s a wa y w i t h b oy s ca n fly !

A rog u e ou t rog u e d -
wi t h t i t f or t a t !
Gi ve b ac k t he p l ou g h ,
an d ha t
a ft e r t
P e rha p s t he ma n w ho l ost t he p l ou g h
M a y g i v e y ou r s on b ac k t o y ou n ow ! 1

Thus he that had lost hi s s on re ceived hi m agai n a n d ,

he received his p l oughshare that had l ost it ; a n d after

wards both passed away to fare a ccordi n g t o their deeds .

P (T ) L 1 7 (B ) I 2 1 S m
. .
,
2 3 7 (ii . S l . r Th ,i c f io . Lx . . u a . x x x x . e re s on us on

th gh
rou t th t y ou t th e mb s or f t h pl g h h
as Th i g l
o wh ich
e nu er o e ou s a re s . e s n u a r,

occ i t h t z i p b b l y igi l Th c f i m y h v i t h g h
u rs n e s an a, s ro a or na . e on u s on a a e ar sen rou

an pex i d t i
re ss on
g t h w ig h t I
eno P i t i n b l c w ig h i g 1 00 p
e d e . n . s a a an e e n ou n s .

Th i
e re imil c f i b t w h wk d p y i J a t 3 3 0 p 2 3 8
s a s ar on u s on e een a s an os re s as n .
,
. .

1
A l ik e re pa rt e e is fou n d in N ort h I n d N
Q iii 2 1 4 ( The J u dg e m e n t of t he . . a n d . .

J a ck a l ) ; S w yn n e rt on , I n d N ig ht s E n t e rt a i n m e n t , p 1 4 2 ( The T ra ve l l e r a n d t he Oil
’
. .

ma n ) ; a n d a st ory of a n oil ma n in S t u mme s T u n i s ische M a rche n , v ol ii (Dr Rous e )

’
. . .
 ’
1 84 THE HERO S TA S KS
Yes great ki n g I have j udged that which K a laka
‘
, ,

did n ot j udge aright .

Be you j udge from this day said the kin g ; it will

“
,

be a j oy for my ears a n d prosperity for the world ! ,

He was un willi n g b u t the ki n g begged him

, I n mercy
to all creatures sit y ou in j udgm en t ! a n d so the ki n g
,

won his co n se n t .

From that time K a laka received n o presen ts ; a n d

losi n g hi s gai n s he spoke cal um n y of the B odhisa t t a before
the ki n g sayi n g O mighty ki n g the wise D ha mma ddha ja
, , ,

”
covets your ki n gdom ! But the kin g would n ot believe ;
a n d bade him say n ot s o .

If you do n o t believe me said K a l aka look out , ,

“

o f the wi n dow at the time of his comi n g The n you .

will see that he has got the whole city i n to his own
han ds .

The ki n g saw the crowd of those that were about hi m

in his j udgme n t hall There is his reti n ue thought he
.
“
, .

He gave way . What are we to do Captai n ? he asked , .

“ ”
My lord he must be put t o death
, .

How ca n we put him to death without havi n g foun d

him out in so me great wi cked n ess ? ”

”
There is a way said the other
“
, .

”
What way ?
Tell him t o do what is impossible a n d if he can not , ,

put him to death for that .

“
But what is impossible to him ?
My lord ki n g replied he i t takes two years or twice
, ,

two for a garde n with good soil to bear fruit bei n g ,

plan ted a n d ten ded Sen d for hi m a n d say We wan t

.
,

a garde n to disport ourselves in to morrow Make u s a -

.

garden This he will n ot be able t o do ; a n d we wi l l slay

him for that fault .
 THE HERO S TA S KS ’
1 85

The ki n g addressed himself t o the B odhis a t t a Wise .

S ir we have sported lo n g e n ough in ou r ol d garden ; n ow

,

we crave to sport in a n e w We Shall sport to morrow .

-
.

M ake us a garde n
”
If you can n ot make it y ou must di e ,
.

The B odhis a t t a reason ed It must be that Ka laka has ,

“

s e t the ki n g agai n st me because he get s n o prese n ts , .

”
If I ca n he said to the kin g O mighty ki n g I will see
, , ,

”
to it An d he we n t home
. After a good meal he lay .

1 ’
upon his bed thin ki n g S akka s palace grew hot Sakka
,
. .

reflecti n g perceived the B odhis a t t a s difficulty He made ’

.

haste to him en tered his chamber a n d asked him ,

Wise ,

Sir what thin k you on — poised the while in mid air

,
-
.

Who are y ou ? asked the B odhisa t t a

“
.

”
I am S akka .

1 h ppose d t o h a ppe n whe n a g ood ma n wa s in st ra it s S ome mode rn

T is w a s su .

s u p e rst it ion s t u rn i g u p on t he p it y of a g od for c re a t re s i

,
n p a in ma y b e se e i u n ,
n n

N ort h I d N a n d Q iii 2 85 A s t h is : H ot oil is p o re d i t o a dog s e a r a d t he “ ’

n . . . . . u n n

p a i ma ke s him y e ll I t is b e li e v e d t h a t his ye lls a re he a rd b y Ra j a In dra who in

n .
,

pit y st op s t he ra in
”
(Dr Rou s e ) . .

I b ra h min w orks I dra (S a kk a ) is re pre se t e d a s b e c omi g di st u rb e d whe n he

n n n n ,

s e e s mort a l s pra c t isin g s e v e re p e a c e or pe rformin g g re a t sa cri fic e s b e c a u s e h

n e n , ,

fe a rs t h a t t he p e rso ma y a cqu ire me rit e n o g h t o t a ke his pla c e

n I n su ch c a se s u .

he c ome s down a n d t e mp t s t he a sc e t ic wit h s e n su a l ple a su re s or hin de rs t he

s a cri fi c e Th is ide a is re t a in e d b y t he B u ddh
. i st s b u t t he more c ha ra c t e rist ic mot iv e ,

in b u ddh ism is t h a t t he g od c ome s down t o h e l p t he p e rson who i s in difficu l t y a s ,

h e re or t o t e st him b y g ivin g him a opport u it y of p e rformin g a n a ct of me rit a s

,
n n ,

i Jat 3 1 6 49 9 I t he j a t a ka s t he p e rso s me rit c a us e s S a kk a s t h ron e t o b e c ome

’ ’
n .
,
. n n

hot or his pa l a ce t o b e sha ke (J a t

,
I n B rme s e t a l e s his t h ro e b e c ome s
n . u n

s t ifl
'

. Se e L A . ll an G oss in We -
t ha n da y a ,
B u ddhi s t L e g e n d, p 9 3, R a n g oon ,
- -
a .

1 89 5 . The re is a c u rious p
a ra e l in t h ll
e st ory of S t Ma rt in of Tou rs, g i e n b y v
S u l pi ci S v
us e e rus in his D i a l og u e s n 5, w e re S t Ma rt in isit s t he e m e ror Va e n
. h v p l
t in ia n , who doe s n ot wis h
mpe ror b u rst s in t o fl a me s ,
to se e him . The se a t of t he e

and h e is c
ompe ll e d t o g e t u p a n d lis t e n t o t he s a in t Ne q u a q u a m a ds u rg e re e st .

c
dig n a t u s a dst a n t i, don e re gi a m s e l l a m ig n is ope rire t , ipsu mq u e re g e m e a p a rt e
corporis q u a se de b a t , a dfl a re t in e n diu m c
I t a e s olio su o su pe rb u s e x cu t it u r e t .

M a rt in o in vit u s a dsu rg it ”
The Dia l og u e s on t a in t a l e s of Egyp t ia n mon ks whi h
. c c
hv
a e a b u dd is t i ol ou rin g h
In cc
a t 5 2 7 t he in ide n t of S t Ma rt in di vidin g h
. J is . c
cl k i
oa s h h vi
pa ra ll e l e d, w e re a g irl , a n g wor e d for t re e y e a rs t o e a rn a s a r e t k h c l
rob e , v v
di ide s it , a n d gi e s ha l f t o a n a s e t i , who ha d b e e n rob b e d of his l ot he s c c c .
1 86 THE HERO S TA S KS ’

The ki n g bids me make a garde n : that is what I am

”
thi n ki n g upon .

“
Wise Sir do n ot trouble : I will make you a garden
,

like the groves of Na n dan a a n d C it t a l a t a ! I n what place

shall I make it ? ”

I n such a n d such a pla ce he told him Sakka made ,

.

it a n d return ed to the city of the gods

, .

Next day the B odhis a t t a beheld the garden there in

,

very truth a n d sought the kin g s presen ce

, O ki n g the ’
.
,

”
garden is ready : go to your sport !
The ki n g came t o the place a n d beheld a garde n girt ,

with a fe n ce o f eightee n cubits vermilio n ti n ted havi n g , ,

gates a n d pon ds beautiful with all man n er of trees lade n

, ,

heavy with flowers a n d fruit ! The sage ha s do n e my “

”
biddi n g said he to K a laka
, n ow what are we t o do ?

O mighty ki n g ! replied he if he ca n make a

”
,

garden in on e n ight ca n he n ot seize upo n your ki n g

,

dom ?
“
Well what are we to do ?
,

We wil l make him perform an other impossible thi n g .

What is that ? asked the ki n g .

We will bid him make a lake possessed of the seve n

precious j ewels !
The ki n g agreed a n d thus addresse d the B odhis a t t a
,

Teacher y ou have made a park Make n ow a lake to

“
, .

match it with the seve n precious j ewels If you can n ot

, .

”
make it you Shall n ot live !
,

Very good great ki n g an swered the B odhisa t t a

, , ,

”
I will make it if I ca n .

The n Sakka made a lake of great Sple n dour havi n g ,

a n hu n dred la n di n g places a thousan d i n lets covered over

-
, ,

wi t h lo t us plan ts of five differe n t co l ours like the lake in ,

Nan dan a .
 THE HERO S TASKS
’
1 88

die forlorn in the woods than to die at the han d of other ,

me n . So sayi n g n o word to a n y m a n he we n t do wn from

”
,

his dwellin g a n d passed ou t of the city by the chief gate ,

a n d e n tered the woods where he s a t him do wn be n eath a,

tree a n d refle cted upo n the religion of the good S akka .

perceived it ; a n d in the fashio n of a forester he approached

the B o dhisa t t a sayi n g , ,

Brahmi n you are youn g a n d te n der : why sit you

“
,

here in this wood as though you had n ever seen pain ,

before ? As he asked it he repeated the first stan za : ,

You l oo k a s t hou g h y ou r li fe m u s t ha pp y b e ;
Ye t t o t he w i l d w oods y ou w o u l d home l e s s g o ,

L ik e so me p oor wre t ch w hose l if e w a s m i s e ry ,

An d pin e b e n e a t h t hi s t re e i n l on e l y w oe .

To this the B o dhis a t t a made an swer in the seco n d

stan za
I l ook as t hou g h my m u s t ha pp y b e ;
li fe
Ye t t o t he wi d l woods I w ou l d hom e l e s s g o,
Lik e s om e p oor wre t ch w hos e l i fe w a s m i se ry ,
An d p in e b e n e a t h t hi s t re e i n l on e l y w oe ,
P on de ri n g t he t ru t h t ha t a ll t he s a i n t s do k n ow .

Then Sakka said I f so the n why Brahmi n are you , , , ,

sitti n g here ?

The ki n g he made an swer requi res a park keeper

“
, ,
-

with four good qualities ; such a n on e can n ot be foun d ;

s o I thought — Why perish by the han d of m a n ? I will off
to the woods a n d die a lo n el y death So here I came a n d
,
.
,

”
here I sit .

The n the other replie d Brahmin I am S akka ki n g of , , ,

the gods By me was your park made a n d those other

.
,

thi n gs A park keeper possessed of four virtues can n ot

.
-

be made ; but in your coun try there is o n e C ha t t a pa n i ,

who makes orn amen ts for the head a n d he is su ch a ,

ma n I f a park keeper is wan ted go a n d make this

.
-
,
 ’
THE HERO S TA S K S 1 89

workman the keeper With these words Sakka de

parted to his city di vin e after co n solin g him a n d biddi n g ,

him fear n o more .

The B odhisa t t a we n t home a n d havin g broken his fast , ,

he repaired to the palace gates and there in that spot he ,

saw C ha t t a pa n i He took him by the ha n d a n d asked

.
,

him — Is it true as I hear C ha t t a pa ni that you are e u

“
, , ,

”
dowed with the four virtues ?
“ ”
Who told y ou so ? asked the other .

S akka ki n g of the gods , .

”
Why did he tell you ? He recoun ted all and told ,

the reaso n The other said .

,

Yes I am en dowed with the four virtues

‘
, The Bod .

hi s a t t a takin g him by the han d led him i n to the ki n g s

’

prese n ce Here mighty mo n arch is C ha t t a pa ni endowed

.
“
, , ,

with four virtues If there is n eed of a keeper for the .

park make him keeper

, .

“
Is it true as I hear the king asked him that y ou
, , ,
”
have four virtues ?
“
Yes mighty king , .

”
What are they ? he asked .

I e n vy n ot ,
and dri n k no wi n e ;
No s t ron g de sire , no wra t h i s mi n e ,
said he .

C ha t t a pa ni ried the ki n g did say have

“
,
c , y ou y ou

no e n vy ?
Yes O ki n g I hav e n o en vy
, , .

What experien ce was it that made y ou to be without

”
e n vy ?
Liste n my lord ! said he ; a n d then he told him why
,

1
he felt n o e n vy in the followi n g lin es :
I th v
1
n h f
e t h i vi t
e rse s c t i wh h w ki g i J a t 1 2 0
e re e rs o s r u ou s a on en e as n n . .

Aft wer gl y p ct i g hi f mily p i t he

ron su s l
e him d ll hi g il t y l v
n s a d r es re e a se s an a s u s a e s, a n

f gi v
or hi q
es wh h d b
s th cue en S t o Th Wi k d S t pm t h r
a e en e a use . e e n o e on e c e e o e .
 ’
190 THE HERO S TA S KS
A cha p la in on ce i n b on ds I t hre w
W hi ch t hin g a w om a n ma de me do ;
He b u il t me up i n ho y l l ore ;
v e r e n v i e d more
S i n ce w he n I ne .

The n the ki n g said Dear C ha t t a pa n i what has made

, ,

y o u to abstai n from stro n g dri n k ? A n d the other an swered

1
in the followi n g verse
O n ce I w a s dru n k e n a n d I a t e ,

My own s on s fl e s h u p on m y p l a t e ;
’

The n , t ou che d wi t h sorrow a n d wit h p a in ,

S wore n e ve r t o t ou ch dri n k a g a i n .

The n the ki n g said But what has made you to be

,

i n di ffere n t without l ove ? The m a n explai n ed it in these

,
”

2
words °

K in g K i t a v a sa w a s m y n a me ;
A m i g ht y k in g w a s I ;
M y b oy a B u ddha s b a s i n b rok e
’

A n d s o he ha d t o di e .

S aid the ki n g the n What was it good frien d that

, , ,
”
made you to be without an ger ? An d the other made the
matter clear in these l i n es
A s A ra k a for s e v e n y e a rs,

I p ra ct i se d cha ri t y ;
v e n a g e s dw e l t
A n d t he n for se

I n B ra hm a s he a v e n on hi g h ’
.

Whe n C ha t t a pa n i had thus explai n ed his fo u r a t t ri

butes the ki n g made a Sign to his atten dan ts A n d in a n
,
.

i n stan t all the court priests a n d laym en a n d all rose up

, , ,

and c ried o u t upo n K a laka — Fie bribe swallowi n g thief “

-

a n d s cou n drel ! Y ou could n t get your bribes a n d so

’

you woul d murder the wise ma n by speaki n g ill of hi m ! ”

They seized him by han d a n d foot a n d bundled him ou t ,

1 The c h h h
mme n t a ry e x pl a in s t a t t is a ppe n e d in his b irt a s kin g of B e n a re s
o h .

2
cc h
The b oy b rok e t he b a sin of a p a e k a b u dd a , a n d a s his S in b ore fru it a t on
-
c e

he b u rst in t o fl a me a n d pe ris e dh .
192 DEFEAT I NG THE KING OF DEATH
an dscatterin g parched corn a n d flowers they sat them ,

down upo n the de corated platforms un der fin e can opies ,

a n d di d eat a n d drin k The B o dhisa t t a himself sat upo n

.

a fin e divan on a great raised dais in great magn i fice n ce , ,

with a white parasol stretched above him The courtiers .

a n d householders the citize n s a n d the doorkeepers stood

,

aroun d their ki n g .

But on e doorkeeper stan di n g n ot far from the ki n g , ,

was sighin g a n d sobbi n g Good Porter said the Bodhi .

“
,
”

satta observi n g him al l the people are mak i n g merry

, ,
“

for j oy that my father is dead but y ou stan d weepi n g ,

.

Come was my father good a n d ki n d to you ?

, A n d with
the questio n he uttered the first stan za
T he Y e ll ow K i n g w a s cru e l t o a l l m e n ;
N ow he i s de a d al l f re e l y b re a t he a g a i n
,
.

W a s he t he y e ll ow e y e d s o v e ry de a r ?
,
-

Or, P ort e r, w hy do y ou st a n d we e p in g he re ?

The ma n heard a n d an swered ,

I am n o t weepi n g for “

sorrow that Pi ngala is dead My head woul d be glad .

e n ough F or Ki n g Pi ngala every time he came down

.
,

from the pala ce or we n t up i n to it would give me eight

, ,

blows over the head with his fis t like the blows of a black ,

smith s hammer So whe n he goes down t o the other

’
.

world he will deal eight blows on the head of Yama the

, ,

gatekeeper of hell as though he were strikin g me The n

,
.

wi —
the people ll cry H e is too cruel for us a n d will se n d
him up agai n An d I fear he will co me a n d deal fist icu ffs
.

”
on my head agai n a n d that is why I weep
, To explai n .

the matter he uttered the seco n d stan za :

The Y e ll ow K i n g w a s a n yt hin g b u t de a r
I t i s hi s com i n g b k a g a in I fe a r
ac .

Wha t if he b e a t t he k i n g of D e a t h , and t he n
T he ki n g of D e a t h s hou l d se n d hi m b ac k a g a in ?

The n said the B o dhi s a t t a : That ki n g has bee n burn t

 T HE J AC K A L S SPELL ’
193

with a thousan d cartloads of wood ; the place of his

bu rn in g has bee n soaked with water from thousands of
pitchers a n d the groun d has been dug up all roun d ; beings
,

that have go n e to the other world otherwise than by ,

re birth do n ot retur n to the same bodily shape as they

-
,

had before ; do n ot be afraid ! a n d to comfort him he ”

,

repeated the followi n g stanza :

Thou sa n ds of l oa ds of w ood ha v e b u rn t hi m q u it e ,

Thou s a n ds of p it che rs qu e n che d w ha t st il l di d b u rn ;

T he e a rt h i s du g a b ou t t o e f t l a n d ri g ht

F e a r n oir —t he k i n g wil n e v e r l m ore re t u rn .

After that the porter took comfort A n d the Bodhi

,
.

satta ruled in righteousn ess ; a n d after givin g gifts a n d

doi n g other good acts he passed away to fare accordi n g ,

to his deserts .

For t a l es of o e r o v c min g t he K in g of De a t h a n d s t ri kin g t e rror in t o t he De i , vl

cf
. Cl ou s t on , i . 3 85 ff .

’
TH E JAC KAL S S PE LL

O n ce upo n a time B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of Benares , ,

and the B odhisa t t a was his family priest ; and he had

mastered the three Vedas a n d the eightee n bran ches of
kn owledge He kn ew the spell e n titled Of subdu i n g the
.

Wo rld (Now this Spell is on e which in volves religious

.
’

meditatio n ) .

O n e day the B odhis a t t a thought that he wo u l d recite

,

this spell ; so he sat down in a place apart upo n a flat sto n e ,

a n d there we n t through his reciti n g of it It is said that .

this spell could be taught to n o on e without use of a

special rite ; for which reason he recited it in the place
just des cribed It s o happe n ed that a Jackal lying in a
.

F &T
. . 13
194 THE JA C K AL ’
S S PELL

hole heard the spell at the time that he was recitin g it ,

a n d g ot it by heart We are told that thi s j a ckal in a

.

previous exi ste n ce had bee n some brahmi n who had learn t
the charm Of subduin g the World .
’

The B odhis a t t a e n ded his recitatio n a n d rose up , ,

”
saying Sure l y I have that spell by heart n ow Then .

the Jackal arose out of his ho l e a n d cried Ho brahm in , ,

I have learn t the spell better than you kn ow it yourself !

a n d off he ra n The B o dhis a t t a s e t off in chase a n d
.
,

followed some way cryi n g—J Y on j a ckal will do a great

,

—
mischief cat ch him catch him ! But the j ackal got
,

clear off in to the forest .

The Ja ckal foun d a She j ackal a n d gave her a little -

”
n ip upo n the body What is it master ? she asked
“
. .
,
”
“
Do y ou kn ow me he asked o r do you n ot ?
, I do ,
“

n ot kn ow y ou He repeated the spell a n d thus had

.
,

un der his orders severa l hu n dreds of j a ckals a n d gathered ,

roun d him al l the elephan ts a n d horses lio n s a n d tigers , ,

swi n e a n d deer a n d all other fourfooted creatures ; a n d

,

their k in g he became u n der the title of S a b b a da t ha or

, ,

Al l t u sk a n d a she j a ckal he made his co n sort

,
-
O n the .

ba ck of two elephan ts stood a lion a n d o n the lion s back ,

’

sat S a b b a da t ha the j a cka l ki n g alo n g with his con sort the

, ,

she j a ckal ; a n d great ho n our was paid to them

-
.

Now the Jackal was tempted by his great ho n our a n d ,

became pu fl e d up with pride a n d he resolved to capture

’

the ki n gdom o f Be n ares So with a l l the fo u rfooted

.

creatures in his trai n he came t o a p l ace n ear to ,

Ben ares . His host covered twelve leagues of groun d .

From hi s positio n there he se n t a message to the ki n g ,

”
“
Give up yo u r ki n gdom or fight for it The citizen s of
,
.

Be n ares smitte n with terror shut close their gates a n d

, ,

stayed withi n .
19 6 THE JUDAS TREE -

S o he tapped with hi s foot the lio n which he sat on

upo n to roar A n d the lio n resti n g his mouth upo n the

, .

Elephan t s temp l e roared thrice without a n y man n er of

’

, ,

doubt The elephan ts were terrified a n d dropped the

.

Jackal down at their feet ; they trampled upon his head

a n d crus hed it to atoms The n a n d there S a b b a da tha
.

perished An d the elephan ts heari n g the roar of the

.
,

lion were fri ghten ed to death a n d wou n din g on e an other

, , ,

they al l perished there The rest of the creatures deer .

,

a n d swi n e down to the hares a n d cats perished the n a n d

, ,

there all except the l io n s ; a n d these ra n off a n d took

,

to the woods There was a heap of carcasses coveri n g

.

the grou n d for twelve leagues .

The B odhis a t t a came down from the tower a n d had ,

the gates of the city thro wn Open By beat of drum he .

caused proclamatio n to be made throughout the city :

Let all the people take the flour from ou t of their ears ,

a n d they that desire meat meat let them take ! The ,

peop l e al l ate what meat they co u ld fresh a n d the rest ,

they dried a n d preserved .

I t was at this time accordin g to traditio n that people

, ,

first began to dry meat .

THE JUDAS TREE -

O n ce on a time B ra hm a da t t a the ki n g of Be n ares had

four so n s O n e day they se n t for the charioteer a n d said
.
,

to him ,

We wan t to see a Judas tree ; shew us on e !

1 -

Very well I wi l l the charioteer rep l ied But he did

, , .

n o t shew it them all together He took the eldest at o n ce .

1
K imsu k a = B u t e a f ron dosa .
 THE JUDAS TREE -
19 7

to the forest in the chariot a n d shewed him the tree at ,

the time when the buds were j ust sprouting from the stem .

To the secon d he shewed it when the leaves were green to ,

the third at the time of blossoming and to the fourth when ,

it was bearin g fr u it .

After this it happen ed that the four brothers were

“
S itti n g together a n d s ome o n e asked What sort of a
, ,

tree is the Judas tree Then the first b rother an swered

-

Like a burnt stump !

“

A n d the seco n d crie d Like a ban yan tree ! ,

-

”
1
And the third Like a piece of meat !
“
An d the fourth said Like the acacia ! ,

’
They were vexed at each other s answers and ran to ,

“ ” “
find their father My lord they asked what sort of a
.
, ,

tree is the Judas tree -

What is that y ou say ? he asked They told him the .

man n er of their an swers Said the ki n g .

,

All four of you have seen the t ree O n l y when the

“
.

charioteer shewed you the tree y ou did n ot ask him ,

’
‘
What is the tree like at such a time ? or at such an other
time ? You made n o di stin ctio n s and that is the reason
’
,

of your mistake A n d he repeated the first sta n za

.

Al l ha v e se e n t he J u da s -
t re e
Wha t is y ou r p e rp e x i t y ? l
No on e a s k e d t he cha ri ot e e r

Wha t i t s f orm t he l iv e l on g year!

Of t he dispu t e
. of t he li on an d t ig e r, J a t 1 7 (p . .

d I L 3 Th C m l i
Do s (tw
.
, e a e on o

t ra v ll
e e rs di spu t e as t o it s cl o ou r) . In J
u l ie n ( 8 ) ki g A d é m k h (Ada m k h
n ar a u a sa u a

of t he nex t t al e ) s h e ws a n e e l ph t t an o fou r b lin d me n , wh ch d c ib it diff t l y

o ea es r e e re n .

Uda n a vi . 4 . Cf Rh Da
. . v id D i l
s, a .
f t he B u ddha i
o , . 187 .

1
I t ha s pin k fl owe rs .
 THE JUDGMENT S OF KING MIRROR FACE -

O n ce upon a time Brethre n when J a n a sa n dha was, ,

reign in g in Ben ares the B odhisa t t a came to life as the

,

s on of his chief quee n His face was resplen den t wearin g

.
,

a look of auspi cious beauty like a golden mirror well ,

polished O n the day of his n ami n g they called him

.

A da sa mukha Pri n ce Mirror face

-

,
-
.

Within the space of seven years his father caused him

t o be taught t he three Vedas a n d all the duties o f this ,

world ; a n d the n he died whe n the lad was seve n years ,

’
old The courtiers performed the ki n g s obsequies with
.

grea t pomp and made the o fferi n gs for the dead ; and on
,

the seven th day they gathered together in t he pala ce

court a n d talked together The pri n ce was very youn g
, .
,

they tho u ght a n d he cou l d n ot be made ki n g

, .

Before they made him ki n g they wo ul d test him S o , .

they prepared a court of j ustice a n d set a divan The n , .

they came i n to the pri n ce s prese n ce a n d said they Y ou

’
“
, ,

must come my lord to the law court

, To this the pri n c e
,
-
.

agreed ; a n d with a great c ompan y b e repaired thither a n d ,

sat upon the dais .

Now at the time whe n the ki n g sat do wn for j udg

me n t the courtiers had dressed up a mo n key in the garb
, ,

of a m a n who is Ski ll ed in the lore which tells what are

good sites for a buildi n g They made him go upon t wo .

feet a n d brought him i n to the j udgme n t hall

,
.

”
My lord said they in the time of the ki n g your
, ,
“

father this m a n was on e who divi n ed by magi c as to

desirable Sites a n d well did he kn ow his art Down in the
,
.

earth as deep as seve n cubits he ca n see a fault By his .

’
help there was a place chose n for the kin g s house ; let the
”
ki n g provi de for him a n d give him a post ,
.
2 00 THE J U D G MENTS OF KING MIRROR FACE -

S o mus t it be my lord ! an swered they a n d took

, ,

him away again A n d they said amo n gst themselves

.
,

“
Tis a wi se pri n ce ; he will be able to rul e a n d they
’

made the B odhisa t t a kin g ; a n d throughout the city by

beat of drum they made proclamatio n sayi n g The edi ct s , ,

of ki n g M irror face ! -

From that time the B odhi sa t t a reign ed righteously ;

and h is wisdom was n oised abroad throughout all I n dia .

To shew forth the matter of thi s wi sdom of his these ,

fo u rtee n problems were brought to him to decide

An ox ,
a l a d, a hors e , a b a s k e t k n ig ht , -

A s qu i re ,
a li g ht o l ov e , a n d a y ou n g da me ,
’ - -

A sn a ke , a de e r, a p a rt ridg e a n d
,
a s p ri t e ,

A sn a k e ,
a s ce t i cs , a y ou n g p ri e s t I na me .

This happe n ed as w e shall n ow explain When t he .

B o dhis a t t a was i n augurated k in g a certai n serva n t of ,

ki n g J a n a s a n dha n amed G a ma n i can d a thus co n sidered

,
-
,

withi n himself : This kin gdom is glorious if it be govern ed

by aid of those who are of a n age with the ki n g Now .

I am old a n d I can n ot wait upo n a youn g prin ce : so

,

I will get me a li vi n g by farm in g in the cou n try So he .

departed from the city a distan ce of three leagues a n d ,

abode in a certai n village But he had n o oxe n for .

farm in g A n d so after rai n had falle n he begged the

.
, ,

loan of two oxe n from a frie n d ; all day lo n g he ploughed

with them a n d the n he gave them grass to eat a n d we n t
, ,

t o the ow n er s house to give them ba ck agai n At the

’

mome n t it happen ed that the own er sat at meat wi th his

wi fe ; a n d the oxe n e n tered the house quite at home , .

As they e n tered the master was raisi n g his p l ate a n d the

, ,

wife putti n g hers down Seein g that they did n ot in vi te .

him to Share the meal G a man i ca n da departed without ,

-
THE JUD GMENT S OF K ING MIRROR FACE -
201

formally maki n g over the oxe n Durin g the night thieves .

,

broke in to the cow pe n a n d stole the oxe n away -

,
.

Early on the morrow the o wn er of these oxe n e n tered ,

the cow shed but cattle there were n o n e ; he perceived

-
,

I ll m ake “ ’
that they had been stole n away by thieves .

Ga man i pay for it thought he a n d to G a man i he ,

went .

“
I say return me my oxen ! cried he
,
.

Are n ot they in their stall ?

Now did you return them to me ?
“
No I did n t
’ ”
.
,
’
Here s the ki n g s ofli ce r : come alo n g ! ’

Now this people have a custom that they pick up

a bit of sto n e or a potsherd and say ’ ’
Here s the kin g s ,

officer : come alo n g ! If a n y man refuses t o go he is ”

,

”
pun ished S o when G a man i heard the word ofli ce r he
.
“
,

we n t alo n g .

S o they we n t together towards the kin g s court O n

’
.

the way they came to a village where dwelt a frien d of

,

G a ma n i s
’
S aid he to the other
.
,

“ ’
I say I m very hu n gry Wait here til l I go in a n d
, .

”
get me somethi n g to eat ! and he en tered his frie n d s ’

hous e .

But his frie n d was n ot at home The wife said .

,

“
S ir there is n othin g cooked Wait but a momen t ;
, .

I will cook at once a n d set before y ou .

”

S he climbed a ladder to the grain store a n d in her ,

haste she fel l to the groun d An d as she was seven mon ths .

go n e wi th child a miscarriage followed , .

At that mome n t in came the h u sban d a n d saw what , ,

had happen ed Y ou have stru ck my wife

. cried he , ,

a n d brought her labour upo n her u n timely ! Here s a ’

kin g s officer fo r you — come alo n g ! a n d he carried him off

’ ”
.
202 THE JUDGMENT S OF KING MIRROR FACE -

After thi s they we n t on the two of them with G a man i , ,

between .

As they wen t there was a horse at a vil l age gate ; a n d

,

the groom could n ot stop it but it ra n alo n g with them ,

.

The horsekeeper called ou t t o G a man i

U n cle C a n da g a m a n i hit the horse wi th someth in g a n d
1
, ,

head him back ! G a ma n i pi cked up a sto n e a n d threw it ,

at the horse The sto n e stru ck his foot a n d broke it like

.
,

the stalk of a castor oil plan t The n the m an cried -

.
,

’ ’ ’
Oh you ve broken my horse s leg ! Here s a ki n g s
,
’

”
officer for you ! a n d he laid hold of him .

G a man i was thus three men s priso n er As they led ’

.

him alo n g he thought : These people wi l l den oun ce me

,
“

to the kin g ; I can t pay for the oxe n ; mu ch less the fin e

’

for causin g a n un timely birth ; a n d the n where shall I get

”
the price of the horse ? I were better dead So as .
,

they we n t al o n g he sa w a wood hard by the road a n d in

, ,

it a hil l with a precipice on o n e side of it I n the shadow .

o f it were two basket makers father a n d s o n weavin g a -

, ,

mat Said G a man i ,

I say I wan t to retire for a mome n t : wait here whil e

, ,

I go aside a n d with these words he climbed the hi l l a n d ,

threw himself down the pre cipice He fe l l upon the back .

of the elder basket maker a n d killed him on the spot

-

,
.

G a ma n i g ot up a n d stood stil l , .

”
Ah you villain ! you ve murdered my father ! cried
“
,
’

”
the youn ger basket maker ; here s the kin g s o ffi cer !
’ ’
-

He seized G a m a n i s han ds a n d came out of the thicket

’

,
.

’ ”
What s this ? asked the others .

The vill ai n has murdered my father !

So o n they wen t the four of them with G a ma n i in the
, ,

middle .

It i w th t i g t h t t hi t m f ff c t i m m th b th
1 ’
s or no n a s er o a e on ean s a o er s ro er
.
204 THE JUDGMENT S OF KING MIRROR FACE -

I pass quickly through the hole without touchi n g the

sides H ow is this ? ask the ki n g a n d bri n g me his
.
,

an swer .

A n d fu rther on a deer saw him and said I can t eat

’

grass an ywhere but u n derneath thi s tree A sk the ki n g .

” “
the reaso n A n d agai n a partridge said
. When I sit at ,

the foot of this a n t heap a n d utter my n ote I ca n make -

, ,

”
it prettily ; but n owhere else Ask the ki n g why An d . .

agai n a tree spirit s a w him a n d said

, , ,

Whither away Ca n da ?
“
,

”
To the ki n g .

The ki n g s a wise m a n they sa y I n former times

’

, .

I was highly hon oured ; n ow I do n t receive so much as

’

”
a han dfu l of twigs A sk the ki n g what the reason is
. .

A n d further on agai n he was see n by a n a ga kin g ,

who spoke to hi m thus : The k in g is said to be a wise “

ma n : the n ask him this questio n Heretofore the water .

in this pool has bee n clear as crystal Why is it that n ow .

it ha s become turbid with scum all over it ? ,

”

Further on n ot far from a town certai n ascetics who

, ,

dwelt in a park saw him a n d said in the same way They , , ,

“

say the ki n g is wise Of yore there were in this park .

sweet fruits in plen ty n ow they have gro wn tasteless a n d ,

dry Ask him what the reaso n is

. Further on again he .
,

was accosted by some brahmi n studen ts who were in a hall

at the gate of a tow n They said to him .

Where are you goi n g Ca n da eh ?

“
, ,

To the ki n g says Ca n da ,
.

Then take a message for us Till n ow whatever .

,

passage we learn t was bright a n d clear ; n ow it does n o t

stay with u s it is n o t un derstood but all is darkn ess
, , ,

it is like water in a leaky j ar Ask the ki n g what the .

reaso n is .
THE JUDGMENT S OF KING MIRRO R FACE -
2 05

G a man i ca n d a came before the ki n g with his fourtee n

-

q uestio n s When the ki n

. g saw him he recog n ised him , ,

This is my father s serva n t who used to dan dle me in his ’

arm s Where has he bee n livin g all this time ?

. And ”

”
Ca n da said he where have you been livi n g all this
, ,
“

time ? We have see n n othi n g of y ou for a lo n g while ;

”
what bri n gs you here ?
Oh my lord whe n my lord the late kin g we n t to
, ,

heaven I departed i n to the coun try a n d kept myself by

,

farmin g The n this m a n summon ed me for a su i t regard

.

in g hi s cattle a n d here he has bro u ght me, .

If you had n ot bee n brought here you had n ever

“
,
’
come ; but I m glad that y ou were brought an yhow Now .

I ca n see you Where is that ma n ? .

”

”
Here my lord ,
.

Is it y ou that summo n ed our frie n d Ca n d a ?

Yes my lord , .

”
Why ?
He refuses to give back my p air of oxen !
Is this so Can d a ? ,

Hear my story t oo my lord ! said Can d a ; a n d told

“
,

him the whole Whe n he had heard the tale t he kin g .

,

accosted the own er of the oxen Did y ou see the oxen .

“
,

”
s a id b e en terin g the stall ?
,
“

No my lord the m a n replied

, ,
.

Why ma n did y ou n ever hear my n ame ? They call

, ,

”
me ki n g Mirror fa ce Speak ou t ho n estly -
. .

I saw them m y lord ! said he

“
,
”
.

Now Ca n d a said the ki n g you failed to return the

, , ,
“

oxen a n d therefore y ou are his debtor for t hem But this

, .

ma n in sayi n g that he had not see n them told a direct

, ,

lie Therefore you with your own han ds shall pluck his
.

eyes out a n d y ou shall y ourself pay him twe n ty four

,
-
20 6 THE JUD GMENT S OF KING MIRROR FACE -

pieces of mo n ey as the price of the oxen The n they led .

the own er of the oxen ou t of doors .

If I lose my eyes what do I care for the mo n ey ?

“
,

thought he A n d he fell at G a ma n i s feet a n d besought

.
’

him O master Ca n d a keep those twe n ty four pieces ,

-
,

”
a n d take these t o o ! a n d he gave him other pieces a n d ,

ra n away .

The se co n d m a n said My lord thi s fellow struck my , ,

wife a n d made her miscarry

, I S this tru e Ca n da ? .
,

asked the ki n g Ca n d a begged for a heari n g a n d told

.
,

the whole story .

Did you really strike her a n d cause her to mis carry ? ,

asked the ki n g .

N 0 my lord ! I did n o su ch thi n g

, .

Now ca n y ou
, to the other ca n you heal the mis
-

”
carriage which he has caused ?
N 0 my lord I can n ot
, , .

Now what do you wan t to do

,

I ought to have a s on my lord , .

Now the n Ca n da — y ou take the man s wife to your

,
’

house ; a n d whe n a s on shall be born to you han d him ,

over to the husban d .

The n this m a n also fell at Ca n da s feet cryi n g Don t “

’ ’

, ,

break up my home master ! threw down some mo n ey ,

”

,
’

a n d made ofl .

The thi rd m a n the n ac cused Ca n da of lami n g his horse s

’

foot Ca n d a as before told what had happen ed The n the

. .

ki n g asked the own er ,

Did you really bid Can da strike the horse a n d turn ,

hi m ba ck ?
No my lord I did n ot
, But on bei n g pressed he
, .
,

admitted that he had said so .

“
This m a n said the kin g has told a dire ct lie in
, , ,
20 8 THE JUDGMENTS OF KING MIRROR FACE -

repeat the text Whe n he crows in broad day they rise

.
,

up but they have n ot the chan ce to repeat their texts

,
.

”
Thus it is that whatever they learn they soo n forget
, , .

To the seco n d questio n he an swered Formerly ,

these m e n used to do all the duties of the as ceti c a n d ,

they i n duced the mystic tra n ce Now they have n eglected .

the as cetic s duties a n d they do what they ought n ot to

’

do ; the fruits which grow in the park they give to their

atten dan ts they live in a si n ful way exchan gin g their ,

1
alms Th i s is why this fruit does n ot grow sweet If
. .

they o n ce more wi th on e co n se n t do their duty as

as cetics agai n the fruit wi l l grow sweet for them Those
, .

hermits k n ow n ot the wisdom of ki n gs ; tell them to live

the as ceti c life .

He heard the third questio n a n d an swered Those , ,

“

n a ga chiefs quarrel o n e with a n other a n d that is why ,

the water becomes turbid I f they make frien ds as .

before the water will be clear agai n

,
After hearin g .

the fourt h The tree spirit said he used formerly to

,
“
-
, ,
“

protect m e n passi n g through the wood a n d there fore it ,

received man y o fferi n gs Now it g ives them n o protectio n .

,

a n d so it re ceives n o o fferi n gs If it protects them as .

before it will receive choice o fferin g s again I t kn ows

,
.

n ot that there are ki n gs in the world Tell it then to .

, ,

guard the me n who go up i n to that wood A n d on .

hearin g the fifth U n der the a n t hil l where the partridge

,
-

fin ds himself ab l e to u tter a p l easan t cry is a cro ck of

treasure ; dig it up a n d get it To the sixth he an swered .
,

O n the tree u n der which the deer foun d he could eat

“

grass is a great ho n eycomb He craves the grass on

,
.

whi ch this ho n ey has dropped a n d so he ca n eat n o other ,

.

You get the ho n ey comb se n d the best of it to me a n d eat , ,

S m t yi g t h m w hil t h b g f ll t v t b l
1
o e s a n a o e, e o e rs e or a ,
o sa e rou e .
THE JUD GMENT S OF K ING MIRROR FACE -
209

the rest yoursel f T he n on heari n g the seve n th U n der

.
,

the sn ake s a n t heap lies a large treasure crock a n d there he

’
- -

lives guarding it So whe n he goes ou t from greed for this

.
,

treasure hi s body sti cks fast ; but after he has fed his ,

desire for the treasure preve n ts his body from stick in g a n d ,

he goes in qu ickly a n d easily Dig up the treasure a n d .

,

” “
keep it The n he replied to the eighth questio n Betwee n
.
,

the vil lages where dwell the young woman s husba n d a n d ’

her pare n ts lives a lover of hers in a certai n house S he .

remembers hi m a n d her desire is toward hi m ; therefore

,
’
she can n ot stay in her husban d s house but says she will ,

go a n d see her pare n ts a n d on the way she stays a few ,

days with her lover Whe n she has been at home a few .

days agai n she remembers him and sayi n g she wi ll

, ,

return to her husban d S he goes agai n to her lover Go ,

.
,

tell her there are ki n gs in the lan d ; say S he must dwell ,

with her husban d a n d if S he wil l n ot let her have a care

, , ,

”
the ki n g will cause her to be seized a n d she Shall die , .

He heard the n in th a n d to thi s he said The woman , ,

“

used formerly to take a price from the han d of on e a n d ,

n ot to go with a n other un til she was off with him and ,

.

that is how she used to receive much Now she ha s .

chan ged her man n er a n d without leave of the first she ,

goes wi th the last so that she receives n othing a n d n o n e

, ,

seek after her If she keeps to her ol d custom it will be

.
,
”
as it was before Tell her that she should keep to that
. .

O n heari n g the te n th he replied That v il lage headm an , ,

“

used o n ce to deal j us tice i n differe n tly s o that m e n were ,

pleased a n d delighted wi th hi m ; a n d in their delight the y

gave him man y a prese n t This is what made him hand .

some rich a n d ho n oured Now he loves to take bribes

, , .
,

a n d his j udgme n t is n ot fair ; so he is poor a n d miserable ,

a n d j au n diced If he j udges o n ce agai n with righteousn ess

.
,

F . &T . 14
 THE JUDGMENTS O F K I NG M I RROR FACE
'

210 -

he will be again as he was before He kn ows n ot that .

there are kin gs in the lan d Tell him that he must use .

j ustice in givin g j udgmen t .

A n d G a ma n i ca n da told all these messages as they

-
,

were told to him An d the kin g havi n g resolved all these

.

questio n s by hi s wisdom like Buddha om n iscie n t gave , ,

rich presen ts to G a ma n i ca n da ; a n d the vil l age where -

Ca n da dwelt he gave to him as a brahmin s gift a n d l et ,

’

hi m go
’
Can da we n t ou t of the city a n d told the kin g s
.
,

an swer to the brahm in youths a n d the as cetics to the , ,

n a ga a n d to the tree spirit ; he took the treasure from -

the place where the part ridge sat a n d from the tree ,

be n eath whi ch the deer did eat he took the ho n ey comb , ,

a n d se n t ho n ey to the kin g ; he broke i n to the s n ake s a n t

’

hill a n d gathered the treasure ou t of it a n d to the youn g

,

woman a n d the light o love a n d the village headman he

,
-
’
-

said eve n as the ki n g had told him The n he return ed to .

his o wn vil l age a n d dwelt there s o lo n g as he li ved a n d

, ,

afterward passed a way to fare a ccordin g to his deserts .

A n d k in g Mirror face also gave alms a n d wrought good

-
,

n ess a n d fi n al l y after h
, i s death attai n ed to heave n .

Tib T . . III
. A da rsa mu k ha , w h th e re e re a re se v
prob l e ms, on l y fiv e of w i
en h ch
h v
a e a c orre spon de n c wi t h t h j a t k
e e a a The sa me s t ory in
. Sch
midt , 3 4 0 if , u ot e d q
b y B e n f Ein l . . 16 6 . Of The N i n e t e en P rob l e ms , a n d C l ou s t on , i 6 1— 6 4 , G ri mm 2 9 ,
. .

An m . On t he in flu e ce n of b u rie d g ol d in t he fift h q u e s t ion cf

. J at . 3 9 , p 40 . .
21 2 THE CRAB AND THE ELEPHANT
huge pair of to n gs The B odhisa t t a s mate did n ot leave
.
’

him but stood there close by him

, The B odhisa t t a .

pul led at the Cra b but could n ot make hi m budge ,

.

Then the Crab p u l led a n d drew him towards him sel f ,

.

I n deadl y fear the Elephan t roared the cry of capture ;

hearin g whi ch all the other elephan ts in deadly terror , ,

ra n off trum petin g a n d droppi n g ex creme n t Eve n hi s ,

.

mate co u l d n ot stan d but began to make off The n to tell , .

her how he was held a priso n er he uttered the first stan z a , ,

hO pin g to stay her from her fli ght

Go d l -
l
c a w e d 1 cre a t u re wi t h p roj e ct i n g e y e s,

Ta rn b re d, hai rl e s s ,
-
c adl i n b on y s he l l ,

H e ha s ca u g ht m e ! hea r my w ofu l cri e s !

M a t e ! don t ’
l e a v e me — for y ou l o v e me w e ll !
The n hi s mate turn ed roun d , an d repeated the se co n d
stan za to his comfort :
v
L e a v e y ou ? n e e r ! n e e r will I g o v
N ob l e hu s b a n d, w it h y ou r y e a rs t hre e s core .

A ll f ou r qu a rt e rs of t he e a rt h ca n s he w
N on e so de a r as y ou ha v e b e e n of y ore .

In
this way she e n couraged him ; a n d sayin g Nobl e ,

sir n ow I will talk t o the Crab a while to make hi m let you

,

go she addressed the Crab in the third stan za :

”
,

Of al l t he cra b s t ha t i n t he se a ,

G a n g e s, or N e rb u dda b e ,
You a re b e st an d chi e f, I k n ow
He a r m e — l e t m y hu s b a n d go!

As she spoke thus the Crab s fan cy was smitten with ,

’

the soun d of the female voi ce a n d forgetti n g a l l fear he ,

loosed hi s claws from the Elephan t s leg a n d suspected ’

1
S i ng i me a n s e it he r horn e d
‘ ’
or
‘
l ’
ch
g o d, a n d t he s ol ia st g i e s b ot v hi t p
n e r re

t a t ion s . A s t he w ord su g g e s t e d b ot h t o t he writ e r, I u se a w ord w i h ch pex re sse s

b ot h in En g li s h .
(Dr Rouse ) .
 P L A TE I I I

T H E C RAB A ND T H E ELE P H ANT

a k a 26 7, p 21 1)
( J a t .
2 14 THE OWL AS KING
the m a fish called A n a n da The n all the birds in the .

Himalayas assembled upon a flat rock cryi n g , ,

Amo n g me n there is a ki n g a n d am o n g the beasts a n d , ,

the fish have on e too ; but amon gst us birds ki n g there is

n on e . We should n ot live in an archy ; we t oo should
’
choose a kin g Fix on some on e fit t o be set in the ki n g s
.

place !
They searched about for su ch a bird a n d chose the ,

Owl ; Here is the bird we like said they A n d a bird

“
, .

made proclamatio n three times to all that there would be

a vo t e take n on this matter After patien tly heari n g this .

an n o u ncemen t twice on the third time up rose a Crow

, ,

a n d cried ou t ,

Stay n ow ! I f that is what he looks like whe n he is

being co n secrated kin g what will he look like when he is
,

angry ? If he o n ly looks at u s in an ger we shall be ,

scattered like sesame seeds thrown on a hot plate I do n t .

’

wan t to make thi s fellow ki n g ! a n d e n largi n g upo n this ”

he uttered the first stan za :

T he owl i s k i n g , y ou s a y , o e r a l l b ird i n d
’
-
k
Wi t h y ou r e rmi ss ion , ma y I s e a m y m i n d ?
p p k
The Birds repeated the se co n d gran ti n g him leave to ,

speak
Y ou ha v e ou r l e a v e S ir s o i t b e g ood a n d ri g ht
, ,

F or ot he r b i rds a re y ou n g , and wi s e , an d b ri g ht .

Thus permitted he repeated the thi rd

,

I li k e n ot (w i t h a ll de fe re n ce b e i t s a id )
T o ha v e t he Ow l a n oi n t e d as ou r He a d .

L oo k hi s fa ce ! if t hi s g ood hu mou r b e ,
at

Wha t wi ll he do w he n he l ook s a n g ril y ?

The n he flew up i n to the air cawi n g out I do n t like ,

’

”
it ! I do n t like it !
’
The Owl rose a n d pursued him .
 THE ELEPHANT TRAINE R S LUCK -

The n ceforward those two n ursed e n mity on e towards

an other A n d the birds chose a golde n Mallard for their
.

ki n g a n d dispersed
, .

P .
(T ) m
. . 2 , S om . mm . 3 4 (ii . K D . .
(Syn ) v1 . 1,(Ara b ) VIII . I n J u lie n 7 t he
p a rrot ob e j ct s t o t he ow l a n d is ch os e n him s e l f. In A e s op ( H a l m 39 8 ) t he p e a c oc k
is ch ose n , a n d t he j kd w
ac a s a y s,
“
I f y ou a re ki n g, a n d t he l
eag e at ta ck s us, how will
”
you de fe n d us ?

THE ELEPHANT TRAINER S LUC K -

O n ce a time whe n B ra hma da t t a reigned in Be n ares

on , ,

the B odhisa t t a was born i n to a Brahmi n family in the

realm of K a si O n growi n g up he was educated at .
,

Ta k k a s il a a n d lived amo n g his family ; but whe n his

,

pare n ts died much distressed he retired to the life of a

,

recluse in the Himalaya a n d there he cultivated the ,

Attai n men ts .

A lo n g time passed a n d he came down t o in habited ,

parts for salt a n d savouri n g a n d took up his quarters in ,

the garde n s of the ki n g of Be n ares Next day on his .

,

beggin g roun ds he came to the door of a n elephan t ,

trai n er This ma n took a fan cy to his ways a n d man n ers

.
,

fed him a n d gave him lodging in his own groun ds waitin g

, ,

upo n him co n ti n ually .

Now it happen ed j ust the n that a ma n whose busi n ess it

was to gather firewood failed t o get back to town from
the woods in time He lay down for the n i ght in a .

temple placin g a bun dle of sticks un der his head for

,

a pil l ow At this temple there were a n umber of cocks

.

quite free which had perched close by on a tree Towards

,
.

m orn i n g on e of them who was roostin g high let fall a

, , ,

“
droppin g on the back o f a bird below Who dropt that .

”
An d
”
on me ? cried this on e I did cried the first “ “
. .
,
216 THE ELEPH AN T TRAINER S LUCK -

why ? Didn t thi n k said the other ; a n d the n did it

’

again Hereupo n they both began to abuse ea ch other

.
,

”
cryi n g What power have y ou ? what power have y ou ?
At last the lower on e said An ybody who kil ls me a n d ,
“
,

eats my flesh roasted on the coals gets a thousan d pieces ,

of mo n ey in the morn i n g An d the on e above an swered

Pooh pooh do n t boast about a little thi n g like that
, ,
’

A n ybody who eats my fleshy parts wi ll become ki n g ; if

he eats my outside he l l be come comman der in chief or
,
’
- -

chief queen a ccordin g a s he s m a n or woman ; if he

,
’

eats the flesh by my bon es he ll get the post of royal ,

’

Tre a surer if he be a householder ; or if a holy m a n will

, , ,

”
become the ki n g s favourite ! ’

The sti ck picker heard all this a n d po n dered

-
Now , .

if I be come k in g there l l be n o n eed of a thousan d pie ces

,
’

of mo n ey Q u i etly he climbed the tree caught the top

.
,

most cock a n d killed him : he faste n ed him in a fold of

his dress say i n g to himself N o w I ll be ki n g ! As
’

soo n a s the gates were ope n ed in he walked He plu cked , .

the fowl a n d clean ed it a n d gave it to hi s wife biddi n g

, , ,

her make the meat n i ce for ea t i n g She got ready the .

meat with some rice a n d set it before hi m biddi n g her, ,

lord eat .

Goodwife said he there s great virtue in this meat

’

, , .

By eatin g it I shall become ki n g a n d you my quee n ! ,

So they took the meat a n d rice down to the Gan ges

ban k i n ten di n g to bathe before eatin g it The n puttin g
, .
,

meat a n d ri ce down upo n the ban k in they we n t to bathe , .

Just the n a breeze stirred up the water which washed ,

away the meat Down the river it floated ti l l it came in

.
,

sight of a n e l e pha n t t ra in e r a great perso n age who was , ,

givin g his elephan ts a bath lower down What have we .

”
here ? said he a n d picked it up , It s fowl a n d rice my .
“ ’

,
218 THE W IS H I NG CUP -

After the ki n g s obsequies the courtiers deliberated ’

“
who was to be made kin g Said they While our ki n g .
,

was yet alive he put his royal robes upon the elephan t ,

train er This very m a n has fought a n d won the ki n gdom

. .

”
To him the ki n gdom shall be give n ! A n d they con s e
crated h i m ki n g a n d his wife they made the chief quee n ,
.

The B odhis a t t a became his con fidan t .

The e pis ode of e a t in g t he cook s

’
fl e shocc u rs in Jat . 4 4 5, Ti b . T. V I I I St
.
,
e e le a n d

Te mpl e , Wide a w a k e S t ori es p 139 ,

. . Mikl os ich( Ue b e r di e M u n da rt e n de r Z i g e u n e r ,

N .
p 2 5) gi
. v es a t ale of t he g ipsie s of Bu kowin aA poor ma n wi t t re e son s b u y s h h
a he n w h ich l a ys a dia mon d, an d a se c on d a n d t ird, on t h h
e l a s t of w i is writ t e n , h ch
“
he who eats t heh e a d of t he he n wil l b e c ome mpe ror, he who
e e a ts t he he a rt will
hv a e 1 00 0 g ol d pi c e es un de r his h e ad e v h
e ry n ig t , a n d he who e a ts t he fe e t will
be a prop h et .
”
The l u ck f ll a s t o t he t h re e s on s . Cf . Jat . 1 3 6, p . 1 1 7, C l ou s t on , i 93 fl
. .
,

Grimm 6 0 . On t he fol l ore k of e a t in g t he h e a rt se e p 1 76

. .

THE W I S HING CUP -

O n ce upon a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in ,

Be n ares the B o dhisa t t a was born as a rich merchan t s s on ;

,
’

a n d after his father s death took his place I n his house

’
.
,

was buried a treasure of four hu n dred millio n He had .

a n o n l y s on The B odhisa t t a gave alms a n d did good

.

u n til he died a n d the n he came to life agai n as Sakka , ,

kin g of the gods His son proceeded to make a pavi lio n .

across the road a n d sa t down with man y frie n ds roun d ,

him to dri n k He paid a thousan d pieces to run n ers

, .

a n d tumblers si n gers a n d dan cers a n d passed his time in

, ,

drin ki n g glutton y a n d debauchery ; he wan dered about

, , ,

aski n g o n ly for so n g music a n d dan ci n g devoted t o his , , ,

boo n compan io n s su n k in sloth So in a Short time he

-
, .

squan dered all his treasure of four hun dred millio n s all ,

his property goods a n d furn iture a n d got so poor a n d

, , ,

miserable that he had to go about clad in rags .

 THE JAC K AL AND THE CROW 219

S akka as he me di tated became aware how poor he

, ,

was Overcome with love for his s on he gave him a

.
,

Wishi n g Cup with these words : S on take care n ot to

, ,

break this cup So lo n g as you keep it your wealth will

.
,
”
n ever come to a n e n d S o take good care of it ! and then .

he return ed t o heave n .

After that the ma n did nothin g but drink ou t of it .

O n e day he was drun k and threw the cup i n to the air

, , ,

catchi n g it as it fell But o n ce he missed it Down it fell . .

upon the earth a n d smashed ! Then he got poor agai n, ,

a n d we n t about in rags beggi n g bowl in han d till at last , , ,

he lay down by a wall a n d died ,

.

. h ’
Cf U l a n d s b a ll a d of t he Lu ck of Ede n h a ll (t ra n sl a t e d b y Lon g fe ll ow )
,
ch
whi
him b y Rit s on s F a i ry Ta l e s, x rx The sha t t e rin g of t he
’
wa s su gg e st e d to .

cu p a n d ru i n of t h e pl a c e w a s Uh l a n d s in v e n t ion The cu p s t ill e x ist s in t he

’
.

p osse ssion of t he Mu sgra ve fa mily Rit son sa ys t ha t t he Du k e of Wha rt on on c e

.

a ccide n t a ll y dropp e d it , b u t t ha t t he b u t le r c a u g h t i t i n a n a pk in S e e E S H a rt . . .

l a n d, The S cie n ce of F a i ry Ta l e s, p 15 3, L on don , 1 8 9 1 . .

T HE JACKAL AND THE CROW

O n ce upon a time when B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of ,

Be n ares the B odhisa t t a became a tree spiri t in a certai n

,
-

rose apple grove A Crow perched upon a bran ch of his

-
.

tree a n d began to eat the fruit Then came a Jackal a n d

, .
,

looked up a n d spied the Crow Thought he If I flatter .

,

t hi s creature perhaps I shall get some of the fruit to eat !

,
”

So in flattery he repeated the first stan za

Who i s it s it s in a ros e a -
pp l e t re e
S we e t si n g e r ! w hose voi ce k
t ri c l e s g e n t y t o m e ? l
Like a
y ou n g p e a cock she e oos w i t h s oft g ra ce ,

An d e v e r s it s s t ill i n he r p a ce l .
 ’
2 20 THE WOLF S S ABBATH
The Crow , in his praise respon ded with the second ,

H e t ha t i s n ob e l i n b re e di n g and b i rt h
Ca n p ra i s e ot he rs
’
b re e di n g , k n ow s w ha t t he y a re w ort h .

L ike y ou n g t i g e r t hou se e m e st t o b e
a

Come , e a t w ha t I g i v e , S i r, t o t he e !

With these words S he shook the bran ch a n d made

some fruit drop Then the spirit of the tree beholdi n g .
,

these two eati n g after flatteri n g ea ch other repeated the , ,

third stan za
L i a rs , f ore g a t he r, I v e ry we ll k n ow .

H e re , f or e x a m p le ,
a ca rri on C row ,
An d p
cor s e e a t i n g-
J ac al, k w it h p u e ri l e cl a t t e r
P roce e d on e a n ot he r to fla t t e r !
After repeati n g this stan za the tree spirit assumi n g a ,
-

fearfu l shape scared them both away , .

Cf A
.
p Th Fe so d t h Cr w B b
, 7 7 H l m 2 0 4 Ph d I 1 3
e ox a n It w e o ,
a r .
,
a ,
ae r . . . as

k w t H c S t 11 5 56 Ep I 1 7 50 A P 4 3 7 I J a t 2 9 5 c w
no n o ora e, a . . .
,
. . .
,
. . . n . a ro on a

t
re e fl tt j ck l i d t h t h fl h t h t h i t i g J c b 6 5 I t i
a e rs a a a n or e r o s a re e es a e s ea n . a o s . s

t h j ck l t h t
e a a l ly t ka t h pl c i I di
us u a f bl f th f fA
a p es e a e n n an a es o e ox o e so .

THE WOLF S SABBATH ’

O n ce upon a time when B ra hma da t t a reig n ed ki n g in ,

Ben ares the B odhi sa t t a came to life as Sakka ki n g of

, ,

the gods At that time a Wolf lived on a ro ck by the

.

Gan ges ban k The wi n ter floods came up a n d surro u n ded

.

the rock There he lay upo n the ro ck with n o food a n d

.
,

n o way of getti n g it The water rose a n d rose a n d the .

,

wo l f pon dered : N 0 food here a n d n o way to get it , .

Here I lie with n othi n g to do I may as well keep a sabbath

,
.

fast Thus resolved to keep a sabbath as he lay he

.
,

solem n ly resolved to keep the religious pre cepts Sakka in .

his meditatio n s perceived the wolf s weak resolve Thought ’

.
222 THE KING AND THE FRUIT GIRL -

who ll
’
cryin g Juj ubes ripe j uj ubes
,
“
buy my j uj ubes
, ,
?

But she did n ot ven ture i n to the royal court .

A n d the k in g n o soo n er heard her voice than he fell in

love with her a n d whe n he learn ed that she w a s u n
,

married he sen t for her a n d raised her to the dign i ty of

chief queen a n d bestowed great ho n our upon her N ow
,
.

S he was dear a n d pleasi n g in the ki n g s eyes An d on e

’
.

day the kin g sat eatin g j uj ubes in a golde n dish An d the .

queen Suj a t a whe n S he s a w the ki n g eati n g j uj ubes asked

, ,

hi m sayin g My lord what in the world are y ou eatin g ?

, ,
“
,

A n d she uttered the first stan za :

W ha t i s t hi s e g g s ha p e d f ru i t my l ord s o p re t t y a n d re d of hu e
-
, , ,

I n a g ol d di s h s e t b e f ore t he e ? P ra y t e ll m e w he re t he y g re w ,
.

An dthe kin g was wroth a n d said O daughter of a ,

“

gree n gro cer deal er in ripe j uj ubes do you n ot recogn ise

, ,

the j uj ubes the special fruit of your own family ?

, An d
he repeated two stan zas
B a re -
he a de d a n d m e a n l y cl a d m y qu e e n t hou on ce di ds t f e e l n o s ha m e
, , ,

T o fil l t hy l a p wi t h t he ju ju b e f ru i t , an d n ow t hou dos t a sk it s na me ;

Thou a rt e a t e n u p w i t h p ride , my qu e e n ,
t hou fin de s t no p l e a su re in li fe ,

B e g on e and g a t he r t hy l on g e r my wi fe ju j u b e s a g a in . Thou s hal t be no .

Then the B o dhisa t t a thought No on e except myse l f , , ,

will be ab l e to reco n cile this pair I will appease the .

ki n g s an ger a n d preve n t him from turn i n g her out of

’

doors Then he repeated the fourt h stan za

.

The s e a re t he s i n s of a w om a n , my l ord, p romot e d to hi g h e s t a t e

F org i ve
he r a n d ce a se from t hi n e a n g e r, 0 ki n g for ,
’
t w a s t hou dids t
m a k e he r g re a t .

So the ki n g at his word put up with the o ffe n ce of the

queen a n d restored her to her former positio n An d .

then ceforth they lived amicably together .

J at . 1 08 (B u ddha g hosha x v r, The M ode s t Gi rl ) is a mil a r t a l e

si of a ki
ng who
ma rri e s a vill ag e g irl b e c a u se of he r g ood b e h via ou r . The b a ll a d of ki ng C op h e t ua
 THE WOODPECKE R AND THE LION 223

an d t he b e gg a r ma id ( P e r y s R e l i
-
c ’
. . 1 8 9, e d 1 87 6 ) . a pp e a rs to ha ve b e e n k n own t o
Sh k p
a s e re , cf . L L L. . . I . 9 0, 3 1 1 and Iv . 1 66
. . It c on t a in s t he s a me fe a t u re a s t he
j at k
a a :

S he ha d f org ot he r g own e of g ra y ,
Which she di d we a re of la t e .

The p rove rb ol d i s come t o p a sse ,

The p ri e s t whe n he b e g i n s hi s ma ss e
, ,

F org e t s t ha t e ve r cl e rk e he w a s .

The t a l e is he re t o d of l a pre vious b irt h of Pa s e n a di ki g ,

n of Kosa l a , w ho wi s e d h
to ma rry in t o t he S kya a cla n b u t wa s t ricke d in t o ma rryi g a
,
n v
sl a e g ir , t h
-
l
e da u g t e r h
of a S ky p i c
a an rn e .

THE WOODPEC K ER AND THE LION

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was re i gn i n g in

Ben ares the B o dhisa t t a came to life as a woodpecker in
,

the Himalaya coun try .

Now a cert ai n lio n while devourin g his prey had a , ,

bo n e stick in his throat His throat s welled up so that .

he co u l d n ot take a n y food a n d severe pai n s set in Then .

this woodpecker while inte n t on seeki n g its own food as , ,

it w a s perched on a bough sa w the lio n a n d asked him , ,

sayi n g Fri e n d what ails you ?

,
“
He told him what was
,

the matter a n d the bird said I would take the bo n e ou t

, ,

of your throat frie n d but I dare n ot put my head i n to

, ,

your mouth for fear y ou should eat me up , .

Do n ot be afraid frie n d ; I will n ot eat you up O n ly , .

save my life .

All right said the bird a n d ordered the lion to lie

, ,

do wn upon his side Then it thought : Who kn ows what .

A n d to preve n t hi s closi n g
”
this fellow will be about ?
his mouth it fixed a sti ck between hi s upper a n d lower
,

j aw a n d then e n teri n g i n to the lio n s mouth it stru ck

,
’

the e n d of the bo n e with its beak The bone fell ou t a n d .

224 THE WOODPECKER AND THE LION
disappeare d An d the n the woodpecker came ou t of the
lio n s mouth a n d with a blow from its beak kn ocked ou t
’

the stick a n d hOppin g ofi s a t on the top of a bough

’

.
,

The lio n recovered from his si ck n ess a n d on e day wa s ,

devourin g a wild bu ffalo which he had killed Thought .

the woodpecker : I will n ow put him t o the test a n d ,

perchi n g on a bough above the l io n s head it fell t o con ’

versing with him a n d uttered the first stan z a

K in dn e s s a s mu ch a s i n u s l a y ,
T o t he e , my l ord, w e on ce di d s he w

On i n t u rn , w e hu m b l y
us ra y , p
D o t hou a t ri fli n g b oon b e s t ow .

On heari n g this the lio n repeated the second stan za

To t ru s t t hy he a d t o a l ion ’
s ja w ,
A cre a t u re re d li n t oo t h an d c aw,
To da re s u ch a de e d an d b e l i vi n g st i ll ,

I s t o k e n e n ou g h of m y g ood w i ll .

The woodpecker on heari n g this uttered two more

stanzas
From t he b a se i n g ra t e ho e p n ot t o ob t a in
The du e re qu i t a l of g ood se r vi ce don e
F rom b i t t e r t hou g ht a n d a n g ry w ord re fra in ,

B u t ha s t e t he p re s e n ce of t he wre t ch t o s hu n .

With these words the woodpecker flew away .

Tib T . . x x vuJ dt a k a md ld
.
,
x xx rv, A e sop ,
The Wolf a n d the Cra n e , B a b r 9 4,
.

H al m 2 7 6, P ha e dr 8 Cf a
. I
. . . Jc ob s 55 .
226 THE HARE S S ELF SACR I FICE ’
-

catchi n g more fish The otter s ce n ti n g the buried fish dug

.
,

up the san d t ill he came upo n them a n d pullin g them ,

”
ou t cried thri ce Does an yo n e own these fish ?
, An d
n ot seei n g a n y o wn er he took hold of the withe with h is
teeth a n d laid the fish in the j un gle where he dwelt ,

i n te n din g to eat them at a fitti n g time A n d the n he l ay .

do wn thi n ki n g how virtuous he was ! The j ackal too

,

sallied forth in quest of food a n d foun d in the hut of a

fie l d wat cher two spits a lizard a n d a pot of mi l k curd
-

,
-
.

A n d after thrice cryi n g aloud To whom do these belo n g ?

”

and n ot fi n di n g a n own er he put on his n e ck the rope for ,

lifti n g the pot a n d graspi n g the spits a n d the lizard with

,

his teeth he brought a n d l aid them in his o wn lair thin k

, ,

in g I n due seaso n I will devour them a n d s o lay down

“
, , ,

reflecti n g how virtuo u s he had bee n .

The mon key al so e n tered the cl ump of trees a n d ,

gatheri n g a bu n ch of man goes laid them up in his part of

the j u n gl e mean i n g to eat them in due seaso n a n d the n
, ,

l ay down thi n ki n g how virtuo u s he was But the Bodhi

, .

satta in due time came out i n te n din g t o browse on the ,

kusa grass a n d as he lay in the j un gl e the thought

-

, ,

occurred t o him It is impossible for me to o ffer grass

,
“

to a n y beggars that may chan ce to appear a n d I have n o ,

sesame ri ce a n d such like If a n y beggar shal l appeal t o

, , .

me I shal l have to give him my own flesh to eat A t this

,
.

splen did di sp l ay of virtue Sakka s white marb l e thro n e ,

’

man i fested sign s of heat Sakka on reflectio n discovered .

the cause a n d resolved to put this royal hare to the test .

First of all he we n t a n d stood by the otter s dwelli n g place ’

-

disguised as a brahmi n a n d bei n g asked why he stood ,

there he replied Wise Sir if I coul d get somethi n g

, ,
“
,

to eat after keepi n g the fast I woul d perform al l my

, ,

asceti c duties The otter replied Very wel l I will give

.
,
“
,
 THE HARE S ’

S ELF S ACRIFICE -
227

y ou some food a n d as he co n versed with him he repeated

,

the first sta n za

S e ve n re d fish I sa fe ly b rou g ht t o l a n d from G a n g e s fl ood ,

O b ra hm in , eat t hy fill , I p ra y ,
a n d st a y wi t hi n t hi s w ood .

The brahmi n sai d Let be till to morrow I will s e e ,

“ -
.

to it by a n d by Next he wen t to the j ackal a n d whe n

.
,

asked by him why he stood there he made the same ,

ans wer The j ackal too rea di ly promised him some

.
, ,

food a n d in talki n g with him repeated the secon d

,

stan za
A l i z a rd a n d a ja r of cu rds t he k e e p e r s e v e n i n g me a l ’
, ,

T wo s p i t s of roa s t e d fl e sh Wi t ha l I wron g f ul l y di d s t e a l
S u ch a s I ha v e I g i v e t o t he e O b ra hmin e a t I p ra y : , , ,

I f t hou S hou l ds t de i g n wi t hi n t hi s w ood a w hi l e w i t h u s t o s t a y .

Said the brahmi n Let be till to morrow I will see ,

“
-
.

”
to it by a n d by Then he wen t to the mo n key a n d
.
,

when asked What he mean t by stan di n g there he an swered ,

j ust as before The mo n key readily o ffered him some food

.
,

a n d in co n versing with him gave utteran ce to the third

stan za
An i cy s t re a m a ma n g o ri p e a n d p l e a s a n t g re e n wood sha de
, , ,

Ti s t hin e t o e n j oy i f t hou ca n s t dw e ll con t e n t i n fore s t g l a de

’
,
.

S aid the brahmi n Let be till t o morrow I will see

,
-
.

to it by a n d by An d he wen t to the wise hare a n d on

.
,

bein g asked by him why he stood there he made the ,

same reply The B o dhisa t t a on hearing what he wa n ted

.

was highly delighted a n d said Brahmi n y ou have do n e

, ,
“
,

well in comi n g t o me for food This day will I gra n t you .

a boo n that I have n ever gran ted before but you shall ,

n ot break the moral law by taki n g a n imal life Go frien d .

, ,

a n d whe n ou have piled together logs of wood and

y ,

ki n dled a fire come a n d let me kn ow a n d I will sacrifice

, ,

myself by falli n g i n to the midst of the flames a n d whe n ,

15— 2
 ’
228 THE HARE S S ELF SACRIFICE -

my body is roasted you shall eat my flesh ,

fu l fil all an d
your asceti c duties A n d in . thus addressi n g him the hare
uttered the fourth stan za :
N or s e s a m e , n or b e a n s, n or ri ce ha v e I f ood t o g i e ,
as v
B u t roa s t wi t h fire my fle sh I l
y i e d, i f t hou w i t h u s w oul ds t li ve .

Sakka on heari n g what he said by his miraculous

, ,

power caused a heap of burn i n g coals to appear a n d ,

came a n d told the B o dhis a t t a Risi n g from his bed of .

kusa grass a n d comi n g to the pla ce he thrice shook him

-
,

self that if there were a n y i n sects within his coat they ,

might escape death The n o fferi n g his whole body as a .

free gift he spran g up a n d like a royal swan alighti n g on , ,

a cluster of l otuses in a n ecstasy of j oy he fell on the heap

,

o f live coals But the flame fai l ed eve n to heat the pores
.

of the hair on the body o f the B o dhis a t t a a n d it was as ,

if he had e n tered a region of frost The n he addressed .

Sakka in these words : Brahmi n the fire you have ,

ki n dled is icy cold : it fails to heat eve n the pores of the

-

hair on my body What is the mean i n g of this ? . Wise ”

Sir he rep l ied I am n o brahmi n

, , I am Sakka a n d
“
.
,

I have come to put your virtue to the test The Bodhi .

”

satta said If n ot o n ly thou Sakka but al l the i n habitan ts

,
“
, ,

of the world were to try me in this matter o f a l ms i vi n g

g ,

they woul d n o t fin d in me a n y un wi ll i n gn ess to give a n d ,

”

with this the B odhis a t t a uttered a cry of exultatio n like

a lio n roari n g The n said Sakka to the B o dhisa t t a
.
,

O wise hare be thy v irtue kn ow n throughout a whole

,

A n d squeezi n g the mou n tai n with the esse n ce thus

”
ae o n .
,

extracted he daubed the S ign of a hare on the orb o f the

,

moo n A n d after depositi n g the hare o n a bed of youn g

.

kusa grass in the same wooded part of the ju n gle Sakka

-

, ,

return ed to his own pla ce in heave n A n d these four wis e .

230 THE FL I GHT OF THE BEAST S
The B odhis a t t a , on hearin g this repeated yet , t wo more
couplets :

H e t ha t i n con s t a n cy b e t ra y s , a l i g ht and fi ckl e min d,

U n st a b le p rove d in a ll hi s wa y s , no ha pp i n e s s ma y fi n d .

M on k e y , in v i rt u e t o ex ce l ,
do t hou t hy ut most s t ri ve ,

An d s a fe from wi n t ry b l a st t o dw e l l , g o, b ut of le a ve s con t ri e v .

Thought the mo n key Thi s creature though dwel l i n g , ,

in a place that is Sheltered from the ra in despises me ,

.

”
I wi l l n ot su ffer him to rest quietly in this n est A ccord .

in g l y in his eagern ess to catch the B o dhisa t t a he made a

, ,

spri n g upo n him But the B o dhisa t t a flew up i n to the .

air a n d win ged his way elsewhere A n d the mo n key

,
.
,

after smashi n g up a n d destroyi n g his n est betook him ,

self off .

P .
(B ) . I . 18 . The b ird, w i h ch in t he P a n ch a t a n t ra is an ex a mpl e of t he foll y of

mispl a c ed ad vic h e, e re be c me s
o an in c a rn a t ion of t he Al l -
e n l ig ht en ed On e . In
P u rn a b ha dra
’
c
s re e n sion of P . it i s N . 9 . I t doe s n ot cc
o ur in T , b u t . a v a ria n t

is fou n d in th c e orre spon di n g pl a e ( 1 4 ) in w i c I t he mon k e y s t ry t o b l ow a

. h ch
fire fl y in t o
-
a b la ze ,
and fi
n al l y k ill t he officiou s b ird S om Lx 2 0 4 (ii 3 9 ) fol l ows . . . .

h v
t is e rs ion .

THE FL I GHT OF THE BEASTS

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hma da t t a reign ed in
Ben ares the B odhisa t t a came to life as a youn g lion
, .

A n d whe n ful ly grow n he l ived in a wood At this time .

t he re wa s n ear the Western O cean a g rove of palms

;

mixed with vilva trees A certai n hare lived here ben eath .

a palm sap l i n g at the foot of a vilva tree O n e day this , .

hare a fter feedi n g came a n d l ay dow n ben eath the youn g

palm tree An d the thought stru ck him : I f this earth
.
“

sho u l d be destroyed what wou l d be come of me ? An d ,

”

at this very mome n t a ripe vilva fruit fel l on a pal m l eaf .

 THE FLIGHT OF THE BEA S TS 23 1

“
At the soun d of it the hare thought : This solid earth is
,

”
collapsi n g a n d starti n g u p he fled without so much as
, ,

looki n g behin d him A n other hare saw him scamperi n g

‘

ofl ; as if frighte n ed to death a n d asked the cause of his

‘
,

”
pan i c fli ght Pray do n t ask me he said The other
.
,
’

,
.

”
hare cried Pray Sir what is it ? and kept run n i n g after
, , ,

him Then the hare stopped a mome n t a n d without look

.

”
in g back said The earth here is breakin g up
,
“
An d at .

thi s the seco n d hare ra n after the other An d so first .

on e a n d the n an other hare caught sight of h im run n i n g ,

a n d j oi n ed in the chase till on e hundred thousan d hares

all took t o flight together They were seen by a deer a .

,

b oar a n elk a bu ffalo a wi ld ox a rhin oceros a tiger

, , , , , ,

a lio n a n d a n elephan t An d whe n they asked what it .

mean t a n d were told that the earth was breaki n g up they ,

t oo took t o flight S o by degrees t his host of a n imals

.

exten ded to the length of a full league .

When the B odhis a t t a saw this headlo n g fli ght of the

an i mal s a n d heard the cause of it was that the earth was
,

comi n g to a n e n d he thought : The earth is n owhere ,

“

com in g to a n e n d Surely it must be some soun d which

.

was misun derstood by them A n d if I don t make a great .

’

effort they will all perish I wi ll save their lives

, So . .

with the speed of a lio n he got before them to the foot of a

moun tain a n d lio n like roared three times They were
,
-
.

terribly frigh t e n ed at the lio n a n d stoppi n g in their flight ,

stood all huddled together The lio n we n t in amo n gst .

them a n d asked why they w ere run n i n g away .

“
The earth is collapsin g they an swered , .

Who saw it collapsin g ? he said ”

.

The elephan ts k n ow all about it they replied ,

.

”
He asked the elephan ts We do n t k n ow they said .
’

, ,
’
the lion s kn ow But the lio n s said We do n t know
.
,
“
,
232 THE FLIGHT OF THE BEASTS
the tigers kn ow The tigers said The rhin o ceros es .
,

k n ow . The rhin o ceroses said

”
The wild oxen kn ow ,
“
.

”
The wi ld oxen the buffaloes The buffal oes the elks ,
.
“
.

The elks the boars ,

“
The boars the deer The deer .
,
“
.

said We do n t kn ow the hares kn ow

,
“
When the hares
’

,
.

were questio n ed they poi n ted to on e parti cular hare a n d ,

”
said This on e told us
,
“
.

So the B o dhis a t t a asked Is it true Sir that the earth , , ,

”
is breakin g up ?
”
“
Yes Sir I saw it said the hare
, , , .

Where he asked ,
were you livi n g whe n you ,
“
,
”
s a w it ?
“
Near the ocean Sir in a grove of palms mixed , ,

with vilva trees F o r as I was l yi n g be n eath the shade .

of a pal m saplin g at the foot of a vilva tree methought , ,

I f this earth sho u l d break up where shal l I go ? A n d at

’

that very mome n t I heard the soun d of the breakin g up

”
o f the earth a n d I fled .

Thought the lio n : A ripe vi l va fruit eviden tly must

have fallen on a pal m leaf a n d made a thud a n d this ‘
,
’

hare j umped to the co n clusio n that the earth was comin g

to a n e n d a n d ra n away I wi l l fin d o u t the exact truth
, .

”
about it S o he reassured the herd of an imal s a n d said
.
, ,

I wi ll take the b a re a n d go a n d fin d ou t exa ct l y whether

the earth is comin g to a n e n d or n ot in the p l a ce poi n ted ,

ou t by him Un til I return do y ou s t ay here

. Then ,
.

pla ci n g the hare on his ba ck he spran g forward with the ,

speed of a lio n a n d putti n g the hare down in the palm ,

grove he said Come shew us the p l ace you mean t

, , , .

I dare n ot my lord said the hare , .

Come do n t be a fra l d said the lio n

,
’
.

The hare n ot ve n turi n g to go n ear the vilva tree

, ,

stood afar o ff a n d cried Yo n der Sir is the place o f ,

“
, ,
 P L A TE I I
”

T H E C O N C EI T ED M END I C AX T

(J a t a k a 3 2 4 , fU O
‘
s ce n e s
, pp
. 23 3, 234)
 THE CON C E I TE D MEN D I C A NT 233

drea dful sound , an d so sayi n g he repeated the first ,

stan za :
F rom t he s p ot w he re I di d dw e ll
I s s u e d f ort h a f e a rf u l ‘
t hu d ’

Wha t i t w a s I cou d l n ot te ll ,

N or w ha t ca u s e d it un de rs t ood .

After heari n g what the hare said the lio n wen t to the ,

foot of the vilva tree a n d sa w the spot where the hare

,

had bee n lyi n g be n eath the shade of the palm tree a n d ,

the ripe vilva fruit that fell o n the palm leaf a n d havi n g ,

carefu lly ascertai n ed that t he earth had n ot broke n

up he pla ced the hare on his back a n d with the speed o f
,

a lio n soo n came agai n to the herd o f beasts .

’
Then he told them the whole story a n d said Don t , ,
“

be afraid An d havi n g thus reassured the herd of beasts

.
,

he let them go Verily if it had n ot bee n for the Bodhi

.
,

satta at that time all the beasts would have rushed i n to

,

the sea a n d perished I t was all owi n g t o the B odhisa t t a

.

that they es caped death .

Ti b . T. x x n . The F l ig ht o f t he B ea s ts .

THE CONCEITED MENDICANT

Once upo n a time the B odhisa t t a was born in a
mer chan t famil y a n d plied his trade At that time a .

certain religious me n dican t clad in a leather garmen t in , ,

goi n g his rou n ds for alms came to the rams figh t in g ,

’

grou n d a n d on seei n g a ram falli n g back before him he

, ,

fan cied it di d this as a mark of respect a n d did n ot him ,

“
self retire .I n the whole worl d he thought this ram ,
”
,

al o n e recognises my merits a n d raisi n g his j oi n ed han ds in ,

”

respectful salutatio n he stood a n d repeated the first stan za

The k i n dl y b e a s t ob e i sa n ce m a k e s b e f ore
T he hi g h ca s t e b ra hmi n v e rs e d i n hol y l ore
-
.

G ood hon e s t cre a t u re t hou ,

F a mou s a b ov e all ot he r b e a s t s, I v ow !
234 THE IMPERMANENCE OF WORLDLY JOY S
At this momen t the wise merchan t Sitti n g in his stores ,

to restrain the men dican t uttered the se con d stan za ,

B ra hm i n , b e n ot so ra sh t hi s b e a s t t o t ru s t ,
E l se ll
he ha st e t o l a y t he e in t he du st ,
wi
F or t hi s t he ra m f a l l s b a ck ,
To g a i n a n i mp e t u s for hi s a t t a ck .

While this wise mer chan t was still speaki n g the ram ,

came on at fu ll speed a n d striki n g the men dican t o n the

,

thigh kn o cked him down He was madde n ed with the pain

, .

a n d lay groa n i n g The Master to explai n the in ciden t gave

.
, ,

uttera n ce to the third stan za

W it h b ro k e n l e g a n d b owl for a l ms u p s e t ,

H i s da m a g e d fort u n e he w i ll s ore re g re t .

L e t hi m n ot w e e p w i t h ou t s t re t che d a rm s i n v a i n ,

H a s t e t o t he re s cu e , e re t he p rie s t is sl a in .

Then the me n dican t repeated the fourth stan za

Thu s a ll t ha t hon ou r t o t he wort hy pa y , un

S ha re t he s a me f a t e t ha t I ha e m e t t o da y ; v -

P ron e i n t he du s t b y b u t t i n g ra m a id l ow l
To f oo i sh l
fi de n ce my de a t h I ow e
con .

Thus lame n ti n g he there a n d the n came by his death .

Il l t t d t h B h h t S t p pl
u s ra e on m 1 d3
e ar u u a, . x . an .

THE IMPERMANENCE OF WORLDLY JOYS

O n ce upo n a time when B ra m a da t t a was reign i n g in
Be n ares the B o dhisa t t a was born i n to a brahmi n fami l y
, .

An d whe n he grew up he studied al l the arts at T a k k a sil a

,

a n d the n return ed to his paren ts I n this Birth the .

Great Bei n g became a ho l y youn g studen t The n his .

pare n ts told him they would look o u t a wife for him .

I have n o desire for a married life said the Bodhi ,

satta . Whe n you are dead I wi l l adopt the religious life

“
,

of a n as ceti c .
236 THE I MPERMANENCE OF WORLDLY JOYS
By a n d by the father a n d mother of the B odhisa t t a
died He performed their fun eral rites a n d cal lin g t o
.

him S a mmil l a b ha s in i said to her My dear my family

, , ,

property amoun ts to eighty crores a n d yours too is worth ,

an other eighty crores Take all this a n d e n t er upon house

.

”
hold life I shal l be come a n asceti c
. .

”
Sir she an swered if you be come a n ascetic I will
, ,
“
,

become on e too I can n ot forsake you . .

Come the n he said So spen di n g all their weal th in

, .

almsgivi n g a n d throwi n g up their world ly fortun e as it

were a lump of ph l egm they j ourn eyed i n to the Himalaya
,

coun try a n d both o f them adopted the asceti c life There .

after livin g for a lo n g time on wild fruits a n d roots they ,

at le n gth came down from the Hima l ayas to procure salt

a n d vi n egar a n d gradually foun d their way to Be n ares
, ,

a n d dwelt in the royal grou n ds A n d while they were livin g .

there this youn g a n d delicate female ascetic from eati n g

, ,

i n sipid rice of a mixed quality was atta cked by dysen tery ,

a n d n o t bei n g ab l e to get a n y hea l i n g remedies she grew ,

very weak The B o dhisa t t a at the time for goi n g his

.

roun ds to beg for al ms took hold of her a n d carried her

,

to the gate of the city a n d there laid her on a ben ch in a

certai n hall a n d himself we n t i n to the city for alms He had
,
.

s car ce go n e out when she expired The people beho l di n g .

,

the great beauty of this female as ceti c thro n ged about ,

her weepi n g a n d lame n ti n g The B o dhis a t t a after goin g

,
.

his roun d of beggi n g return ed a n d heari n g o f her death ,

he said That which has the qual ity of disso l utio n is

,
“

disso l ved All imperman e n t existe n ces are of this kin d

. .

With these words he s a t down on t he ben ch whereo n she

lay a n d eati n g the mixture of food he ri n sed o u t his mouth .

The people that stood by gathered rou n d him a n d said ,

“ ”
Reveren d Sir what was this female as cetic to you ?
,
THE IMPERMANENCE OF WORLDLY JOYS 237

Whe n I was a layman he replied S he was my wife , ,

“
.

Holy S ir they said while we weep a n d lamen t a n d

, ,

can n ot co n trol o u r feeli n gs why do y o u n ot weep ? ,

The B o dhis a t t a said While she was alive she belo n ged , ,

to me in some sort Nothi n g belo n gs to her that is .

go n e to an other world : she has passed i n to the power

”
of others Wherefore should I weep ?
. A n d teachi n g
the people the Truth he recited these stan zas ,

W hy shoul d I she d t e a rs f or t he e ,
F a i r S a mm il l a b ha s i n i ?
P a s se d t o de a t h s ’
m a j ori t y
Thou a rt l ost t o m e
he n ce fort h .

W he re fore shou l d f ra i l m a n l a m e n t
W ha t t o hi m i s on l y l e n t ?
H e t oo dra w s hi s m ort a l b re a t h
F orfe i t e v e ry hou r t o de a t h .

B e he st a n di n g , sit t i n g st i ll ,

M ov i n g , re s t in g , w ha t he w i ll ,
I n t he t wi n k l i n g of a n e y e ,
I n a m ome n t de a t h i s n ig h .

L i f e I cou n t a t hi n g u n st a b le ,

L os s of fri e n ds i n e v i t a b le .

Che ri sh all t ha t a re a l iv e ,

S orrow n ot S houl d st t hou s u rvi ve .

Thus did the Great Bei n g teach the Truth illustrati n g ,

by these four stan zas the impermanen ce of thi n gs The .

people performed fun eral rites over the female asceti c .

An d the B o dhisa t t a retur n ed to the Himalayas a n d ,

e n teri n g on the higher kn owledge arisi n g from mystic

meditatio n was desti n ed to birth in the Brahma world -
.

v
The a ria n t in Ti b T . . Ix . is c v on e rt e d in t o a s t ory c on t e mpora ry wit h B u dd h a,

and th h e e ro be c o h
me s t he b u dd ist e l de r Ma ha k a s sa pa . The in ide n t c of t he g ol de n
im g a cce o u rs a l so in J
a t 5 3 1, The Ug l y B ri deg room
. .
 THE TEST I NG OF VIRTUE
Thi s wa s t y t ld b y t h M t
a s or o wh t J t b t e as er en a e a va n a, a ou b ra min who
a h
wa s e v pro n
er vi g hi vi t
s r ue Tw imil
o s t i hv b t ld b
a r s or e s
. a e een o e fore 1 I n t is
. h
c as e t he B odhisa t t a w a s t he fa mi l y prie st of t he ki n g of B e n a re s .

testi n g his virtue he for three days took a coi n

In
’

from the royal treas ur er s board They i n formed agai n st .

him as a thief a n d when brought before the ki n g he

, ,

said
P ow e r on e a rt h b e y on d com p a re ,

T hu s v irt u e own s a w on drou s cha rm

P u t t in g on a v irt u ou s a ir

T he de a dl y sn a ke e sca pe s a ll ha rm .

Aft er thus praisi n g virtue in the first s t an z a he gai n ed ,

the ki n g s co n sen t a n d adopted the asceti c life

’
Now .

a hawk seized a piece of meat in a butcher s shop a n d

’

darted up i n to the a ir The other birds surroun ded him .

a n d struck at him with feet claws a n d beaks Un able t o , .

bear the pain he dropped the pie ce of meat A n other .

bird seized it I t t oo in like man n er bei n g hard pressed

.

let the meat fall The n a n other bird poun ced on it a n d

.
,

whosoever got the meat was pursued by the rest a n d who ,

soever l et it go was left in pea ce The B o dhis a t t a on .

seei n g this thought These desires of ours are like pieces

,

of meat T o those that grasp at them is sorrow a n d to

.
,

those that let them go is pea ce A n d he repeated the .

se co n d stanza
W hil e t he b i rd ha d a u g ht to eat ,

O s p re y s p e ck e d
hi m f u l l s ore , at

W he n p e rf orce he dropp e d t he m e a t ,
T he n t he y pe e k e d a t hi m n o m ore .

The ascetic goi n g forth from the city in the course of ,

his j ourn ey came to a village a n d at even in g lay down in ,

1
J at 8 6 d 290
. Th b v p
an g i v y b i f mpl f S t y f t h
. e a o e a ssa e s a er re ex a e o a or o e

P t ; f
re s e n th mpl
or o pp 7 8 2 4 3
er e x a e s se e .
,
.
2 40 A KI NG S LIFE SAVED BY SPELLS ’

se e s a p e rformi n g sn a ke, and is t ol d t h at it wi ll n ot b it e , as it is g ood . h

T is ex pl a in s
t he re fe re n c e t o t he sn a ke in t he fi rst st a n za .

The e pisode s of t he h a wk an d of P ing a l a a re re fe rre d t o in t he S a n k hy a

Aphoris ms Iv . 5 an d 1 1, an d a cc ordin g t o Fra n prob a b l y ke c ome from a sou r ec
h ch
w i is t he c mmon
o s ou r e c of t he j at aka a n d of t he s t ori e s as gi v en in M b h . x 11 .

h
c s . 1 74 , 1 7 8 .

I n t he se c d on st a n za os pre y s a re spo ke n of, a s in t he M b h, a l t h ou g h t he prose

.

s pe a k s of a h wka . K D . .
(Ara b ) Iv . a ls o ha s a h wka . Of t he s imil a r c on fus ion in
.

J at . 2 1 8, p 1 80 . .

A K I NG S L I FE S AVED BY SPELLS ’

O n ce u po n a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a reign ed in B e

n ares the B o dh ,
is a t t a was a far famed tea cher at Ta k k a s il a -

a n d trai n ed man y youn g pri n ces a n d so n s o f brahmi n s in

the arts Now the son of the ki n g of Be n ares whe n he

.
,

was sixtee n years ol d came to him a n d after he had ,

a cqu ired the three Vedas a n d al l the l iberal arts a n d

was perfe ct in them he took leave of his master The ,
.

teacher regardi n g him by his gift of progn osti catio n

thought There is da n ger comi n g to this m a n through his
,

s on By my magi c power I wi ll deliver him from it

. An d .
”

composi n g four stan zas he gave them to the you n g pri n ce

a n d spoke as follows : My s o n after you are seated on “
,

the thro n e when your s on is sixteen years ol d utter the

, ,

first stan za while eati n g your ri ce ; repeat the se co n d

stan za at the time of the great lev é e ; the third as you ,

are ascen di n g to the pal a ce roof stan di n g at the head of ,

the stairs a n d the fourth whe n e n teri n g the roya l chamber

, , ,
”
as you stan d on the thresho l d .

The pri n ce readily assen ted to this a n d saluti n g his

teacher we n t away A n d after acti n g as vi ceroy on his .
,

father s death he as ce n ded t he thro n e His s on whe n he was

’
.
,

sixteen y ears of age on the ki n g s goi n g forth to take his

’

,
 A KING S LIFE S AVED BY S PELLS ’
2 41

pleasure in the garde n observi n g his father s maj esty a n d

’

power was filled with a desire to k il l him a n d seize upo n

his ki n gdom a n d spoke to his atte n dan ts about it They
,
.

said True S ir what is the good of obtain i n g power

,
“
, , ,

when on e is old ? Y ou must by some mean s or other kill

the ki n g a n d possess yourself of his ki n gdom The .

pri n ce said I will kill him by puttin g poiso n in his food

,
.

So he took some poiso n a n d s a t down to eat his eve n i n g

meal with his father The kin g when the rice was j ust .
,

served in the bowl spoke the first stanza : ,

Wi t h se n s e so n i ce ,
t he hu s k s f rom ri ce
R a t s k e e n a re t o di s cri m i n a t e :

The y ca re d n ot m u ch t he hu s k s t o t ou ch,
B u t g ra in b y g ra in t he ri ce t he y ate
’

I am discovered thought the prin ce a n d n ot darin g

, ,

to admin ister the poison in the bowl of rice he rose up ,

a n d bowin g to the ki n g we n t away H e told the story t o .

his atte n dan ts a n d said To day I am foun d ou t H ow n ow ,

-
.

shall I kill hi m ? ”
From this day forth they lay con cealed
in the garde n a n d co n sultin g together in wh ispers s aid
, ,

“
There is still on e expedien t When it is time to atten d the .

great leve e gird on your sword a n d taki n g your stan d

’

, ,

amon gst the coun cillors when y ou s e e the ki n g off his ,

guard you must strike him a blow with your sword a n d

,

kill him Thus they arran ged it

. T he pri n ce readily .

agreed a n d at the time of the great lev ée he girt on his

, ,

sword a n d movin g about from place to p l a ce looked o u t

for a n opportun i ty t o strike the k i n g At this mome n t the .

kin g uttered the seco n d stan za

The s e cre t cou n s e l ta ken i n t he w ood
By me is un de rst ood :
The l
v il a g e p lot s oft w hi s p e re d i n t he ear

Tha t t oo I he a r .
24 2 A KING S LIFE SAVED BY S PELLS
’

Thought the prin ce My father k n ows that I am his ,

”
e n emy a n d ra n away a n d to l d his atte n dan ts After the
, .

lapse of seve n or eight days they said Pri n ce your father , ,

is ign oran t of your feeli n g towards him Y ou o n ly fan cy .

this in your own min d Put hi m to death . So on e day .

”

he took his sword a n d stood at the t op of the stairs in the

royal closet The ki n g stan di n g at the head of the stair
.

case spoke the third stan za

A mon k e y on ce di d cru e l m e a s u re s t a k e
H i s t e n de r off s p ri n g p
i m ot e n t t o ma k e .

Thought the pri n ce My father wa n ts to seize me ,

“
,

a n d in his terror he fled away a n d told his atte n da n ts he

had bee n threate n ed by hi s father After the lapse of a .

fortn i ght they said Pri n ce if the ki n g k n ew this he

,
“
, ,

woul d n ot have put up wi th it s o lo n g a time Your .

imagi n atio n suggests thi s to you Put hi m to death So . .

o n e day he took h i s sword a n d e n teri n g the royal chamber

o n the upper floor o f the pa l a ce he lay dow n be n eath the

c ou ch i n te n di n g to slay the ki n g as soo n as he came

, , .

A t the close of the even i n g m eal the ki n g se n t hi s ,

reti n ue away wishi n g to lie dow n a n d e n teri n g the royal

, ,

chamber as he stood on the threshold he uttered the

, ,

fourth stan za :
T hy ca u t iou s cre e i n g w a y s p
k
L i e on e e y e d g oa t i n m u s t a rd
-
e d t ha t fi l s t ra y s ,

A n d w ho t hou a rt t ha t l u rk e st he re b e l ow ,
This t oo I k n ow .

Thought the prin ce My father has foun d me ou t ,

.

No w he wil l put me to death A n d seiz ed with fear he .

came out from be n eath the couch a n d throwi n g do wn his ,

sword at the ki n g s feet a n d sayi n g Pardon me my lord

’

,
“
, ,

he lay g rove l li n g before him The kin g said You thought .

, ,

n o on e k n ows what I am about A n d after rebuki n g .

2 44 THE HERON S REVENGE ’

down before a tiger the boys who killed her youn g o n es ,

a n d whe n she had thus brought about their death she ,

”
made off . The Master came a n d i n quired what i t was
the Brethren were discussi n g a n d said Not n ow on ly ,
“
,

Brethren but formerly also did she bri n g about the death
,
”
of those who kil l ed her you n g o n es A n d herewith he .

rel ated a lege n d of the past .

O n ce upo n a time the B o dhisa t t a at Ben ares ru l ed his

ki n gdom with j ustice a n d equity A certain hero n in his .

hous e carried messages for him A n d so on j ust as before . .

But the special poi n t here is that in this case the bird ,

havi n g let the tiger kill the boys thought I ca n n o , ,

“

lo n ger remai n here I will take my departure but

.
,

though I am goi n g away I will n o t leave without tellin g the

ki n g but as soon as I have told him I will be off A n d
,
”

so she drew n igh a n d saluted the k i n g a n d stan di n g a ,

little way off said My lord it was through your carelessn ess
, ,

that the boys ki ll ed my you n g o n es a n d u n der the i n fluen ce ,

of passio n I in reven ge caused their death Now I ca n n o .

lon ger l ive here A n d utteri n g the first stan za she said
.

L on g I he l d t hi s hou s e as mi n e ,
H on ou r g re a t I di d re ce i v e ,
I t i s du e t o a ct of t hi n e
I am n ow com p e ll e d to le a v e .

The ki n g on heari n g this repeated the seco n d stan za

S houl d on e to re t al ia t e ,
W ron g wi t h e qu al w ron g re pa y ,

The n hi s an g er s hou l d ab at e

S o, g ood he ron , p ri t he e st a y .

Heari n g this the bird spoke the third stan za

W ron g e d ca n w i t h w ron g doe r -
n e er
’

As of ol d b e m a de at on e :

N ou g ht , 0 ki n g m e he re ,
ca n ke e p
L o ! from he n ce fort h I a m g on e .
 THE LION AND THE BULL 2 45

The kin g , heari n g this spoke the fourth stan za

on ,

S houl d t he y wis e n ot f ool i s h b e , ,

W i t h t he wron g e d wron g doe r ma y -

L i v e i n p e a ce a n d ha rm on y
S o g ood he ron p rit he e s t a y
, , , .

The bird said As thin gs are I can n ot stay my lord , , , ,

a n d saluti n g the ki n g she flew up i n to the air a n d made

straight for the Himalayas .

K D (Sy ) vi
. .
(A b ) XII Th k i g
n d th b i d P
i .
,
h M b h x i ch 1 39
ra . e n an e r ane a . . i . .
,

Th b i d P uj i Th w d t l t d h i wh ich i g iv
’
i k ‘
'

e r an . t e or ra n s a e e ron s un a n , s en as a

sy ym f h ft
n on h oi t h A b hi dha
e e d pp dipik d 6 4 1 ; b t it i p b b l y
‘
e ron
’
n e na a u s ro a a

corrupt i f P uj i f t h M b h
on o ch g wh ich i p ib l l y i Kh t hi c ipt
an o e .
,
a an e s oss e on n a ros s r

(F k ) d impl i
ra n e ,
N W I di
an l c l it y f t h j a t k H t l fi d di t t
es a . . n an o a or e a a . er e n s a s an

r mb l c i P (T ) I 4 (B ) I 6 wh
e se an e n c wt k
. v g. . k th t t
,
. .
,
e re a ro a e s re en e on a sn a e a ea s

by t li g d h g i g it v th k dw l li g ’
it y
s ou n
g g ld b
on e s d s ea n a o an an an n o er e sn a e s e n .

Th w e o c m f it d kil l t h k
n e rs o e or an e sn a e .

THE LION AN D THE BU LL

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in
Ben ares the B odhis a t t a was born as his s on a n d after
, ,

a cquiri n g all the arts at Ta k k a sil a on his father s death ,

’

he ruled his kin gdom righteously .

At that time a certai n n eatherd who wa s tendin g cattle ,

in their sheds in the forest came home a n d i n adverten tly ,

left behin d him a cow that was in calf Between the .

cow a n d a lio n ess sprang up a firm frien dship The two .

animals became fast frie n ds a n d wen t about together .

So after a ti me the cow brought forth a calf and the

lio n ess a cub These two youn g creatures also by force of
.

family ties became fast frien ds and wan dered about to

gether Then a certai n forester after observi n g their
.
,

affectio n took su ch wares as are produced in the fores t

,

a n d wen t to Be n ares a n d prese n ted them to the ki n g .

An d when the ki n g asked him Frien d have you see n ,

“
,

”
a n y u n usual marvel in the forest ? he made an swer ,
246 THE LION AND THE BULL
I saw n othi n g else that was wo n derfu l my lord but I did , ,

s e e a lio n a n d a bull wan deri n g about together very ,

frien d l y on e towards an other .

Should a third an imal appear said the kin g there , ,

“

will certain ly be mischie f Come a n d tell me if y ou se e

.
,

the pair j oi n ed by a third a n imal .

Certai n ly my lord he an s wered

, , .

Now when the forester had left for Ben ares a j a ckal ,

mi n istered to the lion a n d the bull Whe n he return ed .

to the forest a n d saw this he said I will tell the ki n g that ,

“

a third an imal has appeared a n d departed fo r the city ,

.

Now the j a ckal thought There is n o meat that I have

,
“

n ot eate n except the flesh of lio n s a n d bu l ls By settin g .

these two at varian ce I will get their flesh to eat

,
An d .

he said This is the way he speaks of you a n d thus

,
“
,

di vidi n g them on e from an other he soo n brought about a ,

quarrel a n d redu ced them to a dyi n g co n ditio n .

But the forester came a n d told the ki n g My lord a ,

“
,

”
third an i mal has tur n ed up What is it ? said the ki n g
.
”
.

“
A j ackal my lord
, Said t he ki n g He will cause them
.
”
,

to quarrel a n d wi l l bri n g about their death We sha ll fin d

,
.

”
them dead when we arrive An d s o say i n g he mou n ted
.
,

upo n his chariot a n d travelli n g on the road poi n ted o u t

by the forester he arrived j ust as the two an imals had by
,

their quarrel destroyed on e an other The j ackal highly .

delighted was eati n g n ow the flesh of the lion n ow that of

, ,

the bull The ki n g when he saw that they were both dead
.
,

stood j ust as he was upon his chariot a n d addressi n g his ,

charioteer gave utteran ce to these verses

N ou g ht i n comm on ha d t hi s p a ir
,

N e i t he r wi ve s n or food did s ha re ;

Ye t b e hol d how s anl de rou s w ord,

Ke e n as any t w o e dg e d -
s w ord,
 2 48 TH E QUAIL S F RIENDS ’

she raised her two wi n gs a n d stan din g before him repeated

the first stan z a
E l e p ha n t of s i x t y y e a rs ,

F ore s t l ord a mon g s t t hy p e e rs ,

I a m b ut a p un y b ird,
T hou a l e a de r of t he he rd ;
Wit h my win g s I homa g e pa y ,

S p a re my l i t t l e on e s I p ra y ,
.

The Great Bei n g said O quail be n ot troubled I wi ll , , .

.

protect thy offspri n g A n d stan di n g over the youn g

.

birds whi le the eighty thousan d elepha n ts passed by he

, ,

thus addressed the quail : Behi n d us comes a solitary “

rogue elephan t He will n ot do our biddin g Whe n he

.
.

comes do thou e n treat him too a n d s o in sure the safety

, ,

of thy ofl s prin g An d with these words he made off

’ ”
.

An d the quail we n t forth to meet the other elephan t a n d ,

with both wi n gs upl ifted makin g respectful salutatio n she, ,

spoke the seco n d stan z a

Roa m in g o v e r hil l a n d da l e
Che ri s hi n g t hy l on e l y w a y ,

The e O f ore s t k in g I ha il
, , ,

A n d w it h w in g s m y homa g e pa y .

I a m b ut a wre t che d qu a i l ,

S p a re my t e n de r b rood t o sl a y .

On hearing her words the elephan t spoke the third ,

stan za
I wi ll s l a y t hy y ou n g on e s , uai ; q l
W ha t ca n t hy p
oor he l a va i ? p l
M y l e ft foot ca n cru s h w i t h e a se
M a n y t hou s a n d b i rds l i k e t he se .

An d so sayi n g with his foot he crushed the youn g birds

,

to atoms a n d stalin g over them washed them away in a

,

flood of water a n d we n t off loudly trumpeti n g The quail

, .

sat down on a bough of a tree a n d said The n be off with ,

you a n d trumpet away You shal l very soo n see what .

I w il l do Y ou little k n ow what a di fferen ce there is

.
 P LA T E V

TH E Q UA I L H ER F RI EN DS

(J a t a k a 3 5 7 , t hre e s ce n e s , pp 2 48 , 2 4 9 )
.
2 50 QUEEN S U S S O ND I

stan din g at the bottom croaked again The elephan t .

thought There will be water there a n d moved forward

,
“
,

towards the precipice and rolli n g over fell t o the bottom ,

of t he moun tai n a n d was ki ll ed Whe n the quail kn ew .

that the elephan t was dead she said I have see n the , ,
“

ba ck of mi n e e n emy a n d in a high state of delight ,

strutted over hi s body a n d passed away to fare a ccor di n g ,

to her deeds .

P B ) I 1 5 wh
. . . th f i d
,
f th b i d
e re w dp c k
e f g
r en d fl y w h ich
s o e r a re a oo e e r, ro ,
an

h m pl
u s t ly i t h
e asa n l ph t n w hil t h w dp c k
e e e p k hi y
an
’
t I
s ca r, e e oo e er ee s s e e s ou . n

K D (A b ) I t h fl y d
. . ra t cc
. e oe s n o o ur .

QUEEN S U S S O ND I

O n ce upo n a time ki n g Tamba reign ed in Ben ares ,

a n d his quee n co n sort n amed S u s so n di was a woman of

-

surpassi n g beauty At that time the B odhis a t t a came to

.

life as a yo u n g Garud a Now the N a ga islan d was the n .

k n own as S e ru m a islan d a n d the B o dhisa t t a lived on this ,

islan d in the abode of the Garudas A n d he we n t to .

Be n ares disgu is ed as a youth a n d p l ayed at di ce with

ki n g Tamba Re m
, ,

arki n g his beauty they said to S u s s on di

.
,
”
“
Such a n d such a youth p l ays at di ce with ou r ki n g .

She lo n ged to see him a n d on e day she adorn ed hersel f ,

a n d repaired to the di ce chamber There takin g her -

.

stan d amon gst the atte n dan ts She fixed her gaze on the ,

youth He t o o gazed on the quee n a n d the pair fe l l in

.
,

l ove with on e a n other The Garuda ki n g by a n a ct of .

supern atural power stirred up a storm in the city The .

people through fear of the house fall i n g fled ou t of the

, ,

palace By his power he caused it to be dark a n d carry

.
,

in g off the quee n with him in the air he made his way to ,

his own abode in N a ga islan d But n o on e k n ew of the .

comi n g or goi n g of S us son di The Garuda took his .

 Q UEEN S U S S O ND I 251

pleasure with her a n d still came to play at di ce with the

,

ki n g Now the ki n g had a mi n stre l n amed S agga a n d

.
,

n o t k n owing where the quee n had go n e the ki n g addressed ,

the min strel a n d said Go n ow a n d explore every lan d ,

“

a n d sea a n d discover what has become of the quee n

, .

An d so sayi n g he bade him bego n e .

He took what was n ecessary for his j our n ey a n d ,

begi n n i n g the search from the city gate at last came ,

t o B ha ru k a ccha At that time certain merchan ts of

.

B ha ru k a ccha were setti n g sail for the Golde n La n d He .

approached them a n d sai d I am a m in strel If y ou , .

remit my passage mo n ey I will act as your min strel ,

.

Take me with you They agreed t o do so and put t i n g

.
,

him on board weighed an chor Whe n the shi p was fairly .

ofl ; they called him a n d bade him make music for them

‘
.

He said I woul d make music but if I do the fis h will be

,
“
, ,
”
so excited that your vessel will be wrecked If a mere .
“

“
mortal they said make music there will be n o excite
, , ,

”
men t on the part of the fish Play to u s The n do n ot . .
“

be an gry with me he said a n d tun i n g his lute a n d keepin g

, ,

perfe ct harmo n y betwee n the words of his so n g a n d the

a ccompan ime n t of the lute stri n g he made music for ,

them The fish were madde n ed at the soun d a n d splashed

.

about An d a certai n sea m o n ster leapi n g up fell upo n

.

the ship a n d broke it in two Sagga lyi n g on a plan k was .

c arried alo n g by the wi n d till he reached a ba n yan tree in

the N a ga island where the Garud a ki n g l ived Now quee n

, .

S u s s on di whe n ever the Garuda ki n g wen t t o play at dice

, ,

came down from her pla ce of abode a n d as she wa s ,

wan deri n g on the edge of the shore she saw a n d recogn ised ,

the min strel S agga a n d asked him how he got there H e

,
.

told her the whole story A n d she comforted him a n d .

“ ”
said Do n ot be afraid a n d embraci n g him in her arms
, , ,
2 52 QUEEN S U S S O ND I

she carried hi m to her abode a n d laid him on a couch .

A n d when he was greatly revived she fed him with heave n ly ,

food bathed him in heave n ly sce n ted water arrayed him

,
-

in heave n ly raime n t a n d adorn ed him with flowers of

,

heave n ly perfume a n d made him rec l in e upo n a heave n ly

,

couch Thus did she wat ch over him a n d when ever the
.
,

Garuda ki n g return ed s he hid her l over a n d so soo n as, ,

the ki n g was go n e un der the i n flue n ce of passio n She took

,

her pleasure with him At t he e n d of a mo n th a n d a half

.

from that time some mer chan ts who dwe l t at Ben ares , ,

lan ded at the foot of the ban ya n tree i n this islan d to get ,

fire wood a n d water

-
The mi n strel we n t on board shi p
.

with them a n d on reachi n g Ben ares as soon as he saw

, ,

the ki n g while he was playin g at dice S agga took his lute

, , ,

a n d maki n g music recited the first sta n za :

I s ce n t t he f ra g ra n ce of t he t i mi ra g ro e , v
I he a r t he m oa n i n g of t he w e a ry s e a
T a mb a , I a m t orm e n t e d wi t h m y l ove ,

F or f a i r S u s s on di dwe l ls a fa r f rom m e .

On heari n g this the Garuda ki n g uttered the seco n d

sta n za
H ow dids t t hou cros s t he s t or my m a i n ,
A n d S e ru ma i n sa fe t y g a i n ?

H ow di ds t t hou , S agg a , t el l me , p ra y ,

To f a i r S u s s on di wi n t hy w a y ?

The n S agga repeated three stan zas

W i t h t ra din g fol k from B ha ru k a ccha l a n d
-

My shi p w a s wre ck e d b y m on s t e rs o f t he se a ;

I on a l
p l a n k did s a fe y g a in t he s t ra n d,
Whe n a n a n oi n t ed qu e e n w it h g e n t le ha n d
U p b ore me t e n de rl y u p on he r kn ee ,

As t hou g h to he r a t ru e s on I mi g ht be .

S he f ood an d ra i m e n t b rou g ht , d as I lay an

Wi t h l ove l orn -
e y e s hu n g o e r my cou ch a l l da y
’
.

K n ow , Ta mb a, ll
w e ; t hi s w ord i s s oot h I s a y .
254 THE BETRAYER BETRAYED
the ven iso n close to the road The robbers seei n g him .
,

approach Wi th his gaily attired wife made a great e fl ort

’

to capture hi m The robber chief bei n g S killed in read in g

.
,

a man s chara cter j ust gave on e look at him a n d re co g n isi n g

’

, ,
’

him as a distin gu is hed hero did n o t su fl e r them to rise up ,

agai n st him though he was si n gle han de d The clever

,
-

Archer se n t his wife to these robbers sayi n g G O a n d bid , ,

“

them give us a spit of meat a n d bri n g it to me So she , .

”
we n t a n d said Give me a spit of meat ,
“
The robber .

”
chief said He is a n oble fe l low a n d bade them give it
,
“
,

her The robbers said What ! is he to eat o u r roast

.
,
“

meat ? A n d they gave her a pie ce o f raw meat The .

A rcher havi n g a good O pi n io n of himself was wroth with

, ,

the robbers for O fferi n g him raw meat The robbers said .
,

“
What ! is he the o n ly ma n a n d are we merely women ? ,
”

A n d thus threate n i n g him they rose up agai n st him The , .

Archer woun ded a n d struck to the grou n d fifty robbers

save on e with the same n umber of arrows He had n o .

arrow left to woun d the robber chie f There had bee n .

fu ll fifty arrows in his quiver With on e of them he had .

wou n ded the elephan t a n d with the rest the fifty robbers ,

save on e S o he kn ocked do wn the robber chief a n d

.
,

sitti n g on his chest bade his wife bri n g him his sword in
her han d to cu t Off his head At that very mome n t she .

co n ceived a passio n for the robber chief a n d pla ced the

hilt of the sword in his han d a n d the sheath in that of
her husban d The robber graspi n g the hi l t drew ou t the
.

sword a n d cut O ff the head of the Ar cher After slayi n g

,
.

her husban d he took the woman with him a n d as they ,

j ourn eyed together he e n quired of her origi n 1 am the .

“

”
daughter she said ,
of a w orld famed professor at
,
“ -

T a k k a s il a .

”
How did he get you for his wife ? he said .
 THE BETRAYER BETRAYED 2 55

My father she said was so pleased at his havin g

, ,
“

a c q uired from h i m a n art equal to his own that he gave ,

me to him to wife An d be cause I fell in love with you

.
,

I let you ki ll my lawfu l husban d .

Thought the robber chief This woman n o w has killed ,

“

her lawful husban d As soo n as she sees some other m a n

.
,

she will treat me too after the same sort I must get rid .

o f her .

A n d as he we n t on his way he saw the ir path cu t off ,

by what was usually a poor little shallow stream but ,

which was n ow flooded a n d he said My dear there is , ,

“
,

a savage cro codile in this river What are we to do ? .

“
My lord she said take all the orn amen ts I wear
, ,
“
,

a n d make them i n to a bun dle in your upper robe a n d ,

carry them to the further side of the river and then come ,

”
back a n d take me a cross .

”
Very well he said a n d took all her adorn me n ts
, , ,

a n d goi n g down t o the stream like o n e in great haste , ,

he gain ed the other ban k a n d left her a n d fled , .

O n seei n g this S he cried My lord y ou go as if you ,

“
,

were leavi n g me Why do y ou do this ? Come back a n d

.

take me with you An d addressi n g him she uttered the

.

first stan za :
S in ce t hou ha s t g a in e d t he ot he r side ,

W i t h a l l my g oods i n b u n dl e t i e d
Re t u rn as q u ic kl
y a s ma y b e
An d ca rry me a cros s wi t h t he e .

The robber on heari n g her as he stood

, , on the
further ban k repeated the seco n d stan za
,

Thy f a n cy , l a dy , e ve r rov e s

l
F rom we l t ri e d f a i t h t o -
l ig ht e r l ove s ,

M e t oo t hou w oul ds t e re l on g b e t ra y ,

S houl d I n ot he n ce fl e e f a r a wa y .
256 THE BETRAYER BETRAYED
But when the robber said I will go further hen ce ,
“

y o u stop where you are she s creamed aloud a n d, he fled ,

with all her adorn me n ts Such was the fate that overtook .

the poor fool through ex cess of passio n A n d bei n g quite .

helpless S he drew n igh to a clump of cassia plan ts a n d sat

there weepin g At that mome n t Sakka look i n g dow n
.

upo n the world sa w her smitte n with de sI re a n d weepi n g

,

fo r the loss o f both husba n d a n d lover A n d thi n ki n g he .

woul d go a n d rebuke her a n d put her to shame he took ,

with him M a tali a n d P a n ca s ik ha a n d we n t a n d stood on

1
,

the ban k O f the river a n d said M a tali do you be come , ,

a fish P a n ca sik ha you chan ge i n to a bird a n d I wi l l

, , ,

become a j a ckal A n d taki n g a piece of meat in my

.

mouth I will go a n d place myself in fro n t of thi s woman

, ,

a n d whe n you s e e me there y o u M a tal i are to leap up , , ,

ou t of the water a n d fall before me a n d whe n I shal l drop

, ,

the pie ce of meat I have take n in my mouth a n d shall ,

spri n g up to seize the fish at that momen t you P a fi ca s ik ha , , , ,

are to poun ce upo n the pie ce of meat a n d to fly up i n to ,

”
the air a n d you M a tal i are to fall i n to the water
, , ,
.

Thus di d Sakka i n stru ct them A n d they said G ood .

, ,

my lord M a tali was chan ged i n to a fish P a n ca s ik ha

. ,

i n to a bird a n d Sakka be came a j ackal A n d taki n g a

,
.

pie ce of meat in hi s mouth he we n t a n d p l a ced hi mself in ,

fron t of the woman The fish leapin g up ou t of the water

.

fell before the j ackal The j ackal droppi n g the piece of.

meat he held in his mouth spran g up to catch the fis h The , .

fish j umped up a n d fel l i n to the water a n d the bird seized ,

the piece of meat a n d flew up in to the air The j ackal .

thus lost both fish a n d meat a n d sat sulki l y looki n g

towards the clump of cassia The woman seein g this .

s ai d T hrough bein g too covetous he g o t n either flesh

,
“
,

H i ch i t r d
1
g dh v s aro ee an a an a r a.
 THE CAT AND THE C O OK

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was kin g in

Ben ares the B odhisa t t a was born as a cock a n d lived
,

in the forest with a reti n ue of man y hu n dred cocks Not .

far away l ived a she ca t : a n d she de ceived by devices the

-

other cocks except the B o dhis a t t a a n d ate them : but

the B o dhis a t t a did n ot fall i n to her power She thought .
,

“
This co ck is very crafty but he k n ows n ot that I am ,

crafty a n d ski l ful in devi ce : it is good that I caj ole him ,

sayi n g I wil l be your wife a n d so eat him whe n he comes

, ,
’

”
i n to my power She we n t to the root Of the tree where
.

he per ched a n d prayi n g hi m in a spee ch preceded by

,

praise of his beauty she spoke the first stan za : ,

B ird wi t h w in g s t ha t fla s h so g ai y, l cre s t t ha t g ra ce fu l y ,
droo ps so l
I w ill b e y ou r w if e for n ot hin g , lea ve t he b ou g h a n d come t o me .

The B odhis a t t a heari n g her thought She has eate n ,

“

a l l my relatives ; n o w she wishes to c aj o l e me a n d eat me :

”
I wi l l get rid of her S O he spoke the seco n d sta n za
.

L a dy fa ir w in n i n g , y o u ha
and ve f ou r fe e t , I ha e on l y t w ov
B e a st s a n d b i rds s hou d n e v e r l m a rry : f or so me ot he r hu sb a n d su e .

The n she thought He is ex ceedi n gly craft y ; by some ,

device or other I wil l deceive him a n d eat him s o she

spoke the third stan za :

l
I wi l b ri n g t he e y ou t h a n d b e a u t y , p
l e a sa n t s e e ch a n d cou rt e s y p
p
H on ou re d w i fe or s i m l e s a e g irl , a t t hy l v
e a s u re de a l w i t h me
-
pl .

Then the B odhis a t t a thought I t is best to revile her ,

“

a n d drive her a way s o he spoke the fo u r th stan za

,

T hou ha st dru n k my k in dre d s b l ood ’

,
an d rob b ed a nd s a in l t he m cru e ll y
H o n ou re d wi fe t he re i s no hon ou r i n t hy he a rt w he n w ooin g me .
26 0 THE LANGUAGE OF ANIMALS
he saw her in her misco n du ct a n d struck her with a piece
Of bamboo S he we n t in an ger to the R a ga world a n d
.
-

whe n she was asked Why are you come ? she said , ,

Your frie n d struck me on the ba ck be cause I did n ot do

his biddi n g Shewi n g the mark of the blow The n a ga
, .

ki n g n ot k n owi n g the truth called four n a ga youths a n d

, ,

se n t them with orders to e n ter S e n a k a s bed chamber a n d ’

-

destroy him like cha ff by the breath of their n ostrils .

They en tered the chamber at the royal bed time As -

.

they came in the k i n g w a s sayi n g to the qu ee n : Lady

,
“
,

do you k n ow where the n a ga girl has go n e ? Ki n g I do ,

n ot . TO day whe n we were bathi n g in the tan k she

” “
-
,

quitted her shape a n d mis co n duct e d herself with a water

’
s n ake : I said Do n t do that a n d stru ck her with a pie ce
,
‘
,
’

of bamboo to give her a l esso n : a n d n ow I fear she may

have go n e t o the n a ga world a n d told some lie t o my frie n d
-
,

destroyi n g his good will to me The youn g n a gas heari n g

-
.

this turn ed back a t o n ce to the n a ga world a n d told their -

ki n g He bein g moved we n t i n stan tl y t o the k i n g s

.
’

chamber told him all a n d was forgive n : the n he said

, ,

I n this way I make ame n ds a n d gave the ki n g a charm ,

givi n g kn owledge of al l soun ds : This O ki n g is a pri ce “

, ,

less spell : if y ou give an yo n e this spe l l you wil l at o n ce

e n ter the fire a n d die The ki n g said It is wel l a n d
.
, ,

accepted it From that time he u n derstood the voi ce

.

even of an ts O n e day he was sitti n g on the dais eatin g

.

so l id food with ho n ey a n d molasses : a n d a drop of ho n ey ,

a drop of molasses a n d a morsel of cake fe ll on the groun d

, .

An a n t see in g this comes cryi n g The ki n g s ho n ey j ar is ’

“
-

broke n on n —
the dais his mo l asses cart a d cake cart are -

upset ; come a n d eat ho n ey a n d mo l asses a n d cake The .

ki n g heari n g the cry laughed The quee n bei n g n ear him .

thought What ha s the ki n g see n that he lau ghs ? Whe n

,
 THE LAN GUAGE OF ANIMALS 261

the ki n g had eate n his solid food a n d bathed a n d sat down

cross legged a fly said to his wife Come lady let us e n j oy
-

, , , ,

love. She said Exc u se me for a little husban d : they

,
“
,

will soo n be bri n gi n g perfumes to the kin g ; as he perfumes

himself some powder will fall at his feet : I will stay there
a n d become fragra n t the n we will e n j oy ourselves lyi n g ,

”
o n the ki n g s b a ck
’
The ki n g heari n g the voice laughed
.

“
again The queen thought agai n What has he see n that
.
,
”
he laughs ? Again when the k in g was eati n g his supper ,

a lump Of rice fell on the grou n d The an ts cried A .

,
“

wago n of rice has broken in the ki n g s pala ce a n d there ’

”
is n o n e to eat it The king heari n g this laughed again
. .

The queen took a golde n spoo n a n d helpi n g him refle cted ,

”
Is it at the sight of me that the kin g laughs ? She we n t
to the bed chamber with the ki n g a n d at bed time she
- -

asked Why did y ou laugh O kin g ?

“
He said What ” “
'

, , ,

”
have y ou to do with why I laugh ? but bein g asked again
a n d agai n he told her The n she said Give me your “
.
,

”
spell of kn owledge He said It can n ot be give n : but.
,
“

though repulsed she pressed hi m agai n .

The kin g said If I g ive y ou this Spell I shall di e

,
“
, .

Even though y ou die give it me The kin g bein g in , .

,

”
the power of woman k in d sayi n g Very wel l co n sen ted , ,
“
,

a n d we n t t o the park in a chariot sayi n g I shall e n ter , ,

the fire after givin g away this spell At that momen t .

,

S akka ki n g Of gods looked down on the earth a n d seei n g

, ,

t hi s case said T hi s foolish ki n g kn owin g that he will

,
“
,

e n ter the fire through woman ki n d is on his way ; I will ,

give him his life s o he took S uj a daughter o f the Asuras , ,

a n d we n t to Be n ares He be came a he goat a n d made .

-

her a she goat a n d resolvin g that the people should n ot

-
,

see them he stood before the ki n g s chariot The ki n g

,
’
.

a n d the S i n dh horses yoked in the chariot s a w h i m but ,

 262 THE LANGUAGE OF ANIMA LS
n o n e else saw him F or the sake of startin g talk he was.

as if maki n g love with the she goat O n e of the Si n dh -

.

horses yoked in the chariot seein g him said Frien d goat , ,

we have heard before but n ot see n that goats are stupid , ,

a n d shameless : but you are doin g with al l of us looki n g ,

on ,
this thi n g that should be do n e in se cret a n d in a
private place a n d are n ot ashamed : what we have heard
,
”
b efore agrees with thi s that we s e e : a n d s o he spoke the
first stan za :
G oa t s a re st u p id s a y t he s a g e s a n d t he w ord s a re s u re l y t ru e
”
, ,

T hi s on e k n ow s n ot he s p a ra di n g w ha t i n s e cre t he S hou l d do
’
.

The goat hearin g him Spoke two stan zas

T ru l y y ou re a s t u p i d fool y ou don k e y ! l e t m e ma k e i t p l a i n
’
, ,

W i t h a b it y ou r m ou t h i s w re n che d, y ou r he ad i s t w i s t e d w i t h t he re i n .

Whe n y ou ’
re l oose d , y ou don t
’
e s ca pe ,
s i r, t ha t
’
s a st u pid ha b it t oo
An d t ha t S e n a k a y ou ll t ha n y ou
ca rry , he ’
s m ore st u p id st i .

The ki n g un derstood the talk of both an imals a n d ,

heari n g it he qui ckly sen t away the chariot The horse .

hearin g the goat s talk spoke the fourth stan za ’

W e l l S ir k in g of g oa t s y ou f u ll y k n ow m y g re a t s t u p i di t y
, ,

B u t how S e n a k a i s st u p i d p rit he e
,
do ex p l a in to me .

The goat explai n in g this spoke the fift h sta n za

H e w ho hi s own s p e ci a l t re a su re on hi s w i fe w i ll t hrow a w a y ,

C a n n ot k e e p he r f a i t hf u l e v e r a n d hi s l i f e he m u st b e t ra y .

The ki n g heari n g his words said Kin g of goats y ou ,

“
,

will surely a ct for my advan tage : tell me n ow what is right

”
for me to do The n the goat said Ki n g to a l l an imals
.
,
“
,

n o on e is dearer than self ; it is n o t good to destroy o n eself

a n d aban do n the ho n our o n e has gai n ed for the sake of

”
an ythin g that is dear so he spoke the sixth stan za
A k in g l ik e t he e ma y ha v e con ce i v e d de s i re
, ,

A n d y e t re n o u n ce d i t i f hi s l ife s t he cos t ’
:

L if e i s t he chi e f t hi n g : w ha t ca n ma n se e k
hig he r ?
If l i fe ’
s s e cu re d , de s i re s n eed n e er
’
be cros s ed .
264 THE THEFT OF A S MELL
was in a hollow in a trun k of a tree alarmin g him spoke
the first stan za
You w e re n e ve r g i v e n t ha t fl ow e r y ou s me l l t hou g h i t s on l y a s in g l e ,

b l oom ;
’
Tis a s p e ci e s of l a rce n y re v e re n d s i r y ou a re s t e a l i n g i t s pe rfu me
, , .

Then the B odhi sa t t a spoke the secon d stan za

I n e i t he r t a k e n or b re a k t he fl ow e r f rom a fa r I s m e ll t he b l oom
: .

I ca nn ot t e ll on w ha t p re t e n ce y ou s a y I s t e a l p e rf u me .

At the same mome n t a m a n wa s diggin g in the pool

for lotus fib re s a n d breaki n g the lot u s plan ts
-
The -
.

B o dh i sa t t a seein g him said Y ou call a m a n thief if he

,
“

smel l s the flower from afar : why do y ou n ot speak t o that

other m a n ? S o in talk with her he spoke the thi rd
stan z a
A ma n w ho di g s t he l ot u s root s a n d b re a k s t he s t al k s I s e e
-

W hy don t y ou ca l l t he con du ct of t ha t m a n di sorde rl y ?

’

The goddess explain i n g why she did n ot speak to him

, ,

spoke the fourth a n d fifth stan z a s

D is g u s t i n g l i k e a n u rs e s dre ss a re me n di s orde rl y
’

I ha v e no s p e e ch wi t h me n k
l i e hi m , b ut I de i g n t o s pe a k t o t he e .

Whe n a ma n i s f re e f rom e i vl st a i n s a n d se ek s for p u ri t y ,

A s in lik e a ha i r t ip she w s
-
on hi m l i k e a da rk cl ou d i n t he sk y .

So alarmed by her the B o dhisa t t a in emotio n spoke

the sixth stan za :
S u re l y fa iry y ou k n ow me we ll t o p i t y me y ou de i g n
, , ,

I f y ou s e e me do t he li k e offe n ce p ra y s p e a k t o me a g a in , .

The n the goddess spoke to hi m the seven th stan za

I a m n ot he re t o se rv e y ou n o hi re l i n g fol k a re w e ,
:

F i n d, B rot he r, f or y ou rs e l f t he pa t h t o re a ch fe l i ci t y .

So exhortin g hi m she e n tered her o wn abode The .

B o dhis a t t a e n tered on high meditatio n an d was born in

the Brahma world -
.
 THE LION IN BAD COMPANY 265

The j at k a a is an ex a mpl e of t he rig id a ppli a t ion c of t he se c on d C omma n dme n t

of t he B u ddhist s, n ot to ta ke wha t is n ot g iv en, b u t ma y b e a modi fic t i a on of

a l e ss mora l cl t p ll l i i s t ory III

. The t
os e s a ra e s n Ra b e l a is, ch 3 7 , in w hi. . ch p a or e r

t hi b
ea s d t id
s c k h p t t h m ll f th
re a ou s t m t
e a d th c k
oo -
s o o e s e o e roas ea ,
an e oo

d m d p ym t
e an Th di p t i d c id d b y S ig y J
s a en . t h f l wh m k
e th
s u e s e e e n oa n , e oo ,
o a es e

p t ri g c i v l t im
or e r n th c a t d th
o n d cl
se th t th
e ra k i e s on e ou n e r, a n en e a re s a e coc s

p id wit h t h
a d f th m y Li b ch t (Z
e V lk k
s ou n d 503 ) gi v
o e v y on e . e re ur o s un e, es a er

simil Jp ar v i t I S m L XIII (ii 8 7 ) ich m p mi t p y

a a n e se ar a n . n o . . . a r an ro se s o a a

m ic i
us f hi i g i g b t w h
an t h t im f
or p ym t c m
s s n nh y,
Y u g v en e e or a en o e s, e sa s, ou a e

a h rt l iv d pl
s o -
t my b y pl yi g
e t h ly
e a s u re d I g v o h t li v d e a rs a n on e re , a n a e a s or e

pl y ( J li
t y
e a su re b y p mi i g y
o m =
ou r e a rs 25 L P mes i
ro t s n ou on e
”
u en ,
a ro se e a n e e

le va i n S on ) .

THE LION IN BAD COMPANY

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hm a da t t a was rei g n in g in
Be n ares the B odhisa t t a was a lio n an d livin g with a
,

lio n ess had two chi ldren a s on a n d a daughter The ,

.

so n s n ame was Man oj a When he grew up he took a

’
.

youn g lion ess to wife : a n d s o they became five Man oj a .

kil l ed wild buffaloes a n d other an im als a n d so got flesh ,

to feed his paren ts sister a n d wife O n e day in his hu n t , .

in g grou n d he saw a j ackal called Giriya u n able to ru n ,

away a n d lyin g on his belly How n ow frie n d ? he said .

,
”
.

“ ”
I wish to wait on y ou my lord Well do s o S O he
“
'

. .
, ,

took the j a ckal to his de n The B odhi s a t t a seein g him .

said Dear Man oj a j ackals are wicked a n d s in n ers a n d

, , ,

g ive wro n g advice ; do n t brin g this on e n ear you but ’

could n ot hin der him Then on e day t he j ackal wis hed .

to eat hors e fl e sh a n d said to Man oj a Sir except horse , ,

“
,

fl e s h t here is n othin g we have n o t eate n ; l et us take a

“
horse But where are there horses frie n d ?
. At ,

Be n ares by the river ban k He took this advice a n d .

we n t with him there whe n the horses bathe in the river ;

he took on e horse a n d throwin g it on his back he came ,

with Speed to the mouth of his de n His father eatin g .

2 66 THE LION I N BAD COMPANY
the hors e fl e sh said Dear horses are ki n gs property ,
“
,
’

ki n gs have man y stratagems they have skilful archers to ,

Shoot ; lio n s who eat hors e fl e sh do n t l ive lo n g hen ce ’

forward do n t take horses ’

The lio n n ot followin g hi s .

father s advice we n t on takin g them

’
The ki n g hearin g .
,

that a lio n was taki n g the horses had a bathin g tan k ,

-

for horses made i n side the town : but the lio n stil l came
a n d took them The kin g had a stable made a n d had
.
,

fodder a n d water given them i n side it The lio n came .

over the wall a n d took the horses eve n from the stable .

The ki n g had a n ar cher called who shot like lightn i n g ,

a n d asked if he could shoot a l io n He said he could . ,

a n d makin g a tower n ear the wall where the lio n came

he waited there The lio n came a n d posti n g the j a ckal

.
,

in a cemetery outside spran g i n to the town to take the ,

horses The archer thi n ki n g His speed is very great

.
“

”
whe n he comes did n o t shoot him but whe n he was goi n g
, ,

away after tak in g a h orse hampered by the heavy weight , ,

he hit him with a sharp arrow in the hi n d quarters The .

arrow came ou t at his fro n t quarters a n d flew in the air .

”
The lion yelled I am shot The archer after shootin g
“
.

him twan ged his bow like thun der The j a ckal heari n g .

the n oise O f l io n a n d bow said to himself My comra de ,

“

is shot a n d must be ki lled there is n o frie n dship with the ,

dead I will n ow go t o my Old home in the wood a n d so

, ,

he spoke t o himself in t wo stan zas

T he b ow i s b e n t , t he b ow s t ri n g sou n ds a ma i n
M a n oja , k in g of b e a st s , my frie n d, i s l
s a in .

A la s ,
I se e k t he w oods as b e st I ma y
S u ch frie n ds a re n a u g ht ; ot he rs st a y mu s t b e m y .

The lio n with a rush came a n d threw the horse at the

den s mouth fal li n g dead himse l f His ki n sfolk came out
’

,
.

a n d saw h im blood stai n ed blood flowin g from hi s woun ds

-

, ,
26 8 THE OTTERS AND THE JACKAL
The n the two together took out the rohita fish laid ,

him on the groun d a n d killed him : but sayi n g e a ch to

the other You di vide him they quarrelled a n d could
,
“
,

n o t divide h i m : a n d so sat down leavin g hi m At the , .

mome n t the j ackal came t o the spot Seei n g him they .

,

both saluted him a n d said Lord Of the grey grass colo u r ,

“
-
,

this fishwas taken by both of u s together : a di spute arose

because we could n ot divide him : do you make a n equal
divisio n a n d part it speaki n g the third stan za
”

A s t ri fe a ros e b e t we e n u s, m a rk ! 0 t hou
g ra s sy hu e , of

Le t ou r con t e n t i on , hon ou re d s i r, b e s e t t e d f a ir b y y ou l .

The j ackal heari n g them said declarin g hi s , , own

stre n gth
I ’
ve a rb i t ra t e d ma n y a ca s e an d don e i t p e a ce fu l l y
L e t y ou r con t e n t i on , hon ou re d s irs , be se t l
t e d fa ir b y me .

Havi n g spoken that stan za , an d maki n g the di visio n he ,

spoke this stan za :

Ta i l ,
A n u t i ra ca ri ; G a mb hi ra ca ri , he a d
T he l
m idd e t o t he a rb it e r wi p rop e r y b ll l e p a id .

SO
havi n g divided the fish he sai d You eat head a n d , ,

tail without quarrellin g a n d seizi n g the middl e portio n ,

in his mouth he ra n away before their eyes They sat .

down cast as if they had lost a thousan d pieces a n d spoke

, ,

the sixth stan za

B u t for ou r s t rife , i t wou d ha l v e l on g s u ffi ce d u s w i t hou t f a i l
But n ow t he j a ck a l ta ke s t he fi s h, a n d l e a ve s us he a d and t ai l .

The j ackal was pleased a n d thin kin g N ow I wil l give

my wife rohita fish to eat he we n t to her She saw hi m ,
”
.

comi n g a n d saluti n g him spoke a stan za

E ve n as a k in g is g la d to j oi n a k in g dom t o hi s ru e , l
So I a m g la d t o se e my l ord t o da y w i t h hi s
-
mou t h f u ll .
 P LA TE VI I

T H E OTT ER S AN D T H E J A C KAL
(J a t a k a 40 0 , t wo s ce n e s , p 26 7 )
.
2 70 THE BRAHMIN AND THE SNAKE
of virt ue T hroughout the ki n gdom it was as it were the
.

time of the appeari n g O f the Buddhas O n the fort n ight l y .

fast the kin g the vi ceroys a n d others would a ll assemble

,

a n d decorate the pla ce of meeti n g The B odhis a t t a taught .

the law in a decorated room in the middle of a deer ski n -

couch wi th the power of a Buddha a n d his word was l ike ,

the preachi n g of Buddhas Then a certain Ol d brahmin .

beggi n g for mo n ey alms got a thousan d pieces left them

-

in a brahmi n family a n d we n t t o seek alms agai n Whe n .

he had go n e that family spe n t all hi s pieces He came

, .

back a n d would have his pieces brought him The brahmin .

,

bei n g un able t o give them to him gave him hi s daughter ,

to wi fe The other brahmin took her a n d made his dwe ll

.

in g in a brahmi n village n o t far from Be n ares Because .

Of her youth his wife was u n sat isfied in desires a n d sin n ed

with a n other youn g brahm in There are sixtee n thi n gs .

that can n ot be satisfied : a n d what are these sixtee n ?

The s e a is n ot satisfied with al l rivers n or the fire with ,

fue l n o r a ki n g with his ki n gdom n or a fool with si n s n or

, , ,

a woman with three thin gs i n ter course adorn me n t a n d , ,

chi l d beari n g n o r a brahmi n with sacred t e xts n or a sage

-

, ,

with e cstati c meditatio n n or a n ovi ce with ho n our n o r

, ,

o n e free from desire with pe n a n ce n o r the e n ergetic m a n ,

with e n erg y n or the tal ker with talk n or the po l iti c m a n

, ,

with the coun cil n or the bel iever with servi n g the church
, ,

n o r the libera l m a n with givi n g away n o r the learn ed with ,

heari n g the l aw n or the four co n gregation s wi th seein g

,
1

the Buddha S o this brahmi n woman bei n g u n satisfied

.
,

with i n tercourse wished to put her husban d away a n d do

,

her s in with bo l d n ess S O on e day in her evi l purpose she

.

”
l ay dow n Whe n he said How is it wi fe ? she an s wered
.
, , ,

“
Brahmi n I can n ot do the work of your house get me a
, ,

B th Si t l ym 1
d l yw m
re re n , s e rs , a en an a o en .
 THE BRAHMIN AND THE S NAKE 271

maid . Wife I have n o mo n ey what shall I give to get

, ,

her ? ”
Seek for mo n ey by beggin g for alms a n d s o get
her .
’
The n wife ge t ready somethin g for my j ourn ey
, ,
.

She filled a skin bag with baked meal a n d un baked meal-

a n d gave them t o him The brahmi n goi n g through .

,

vill ages town s a n d cities got seve n hun dred pieces a n d

, , ,

t hi n ki n g This mo n ey is e n ough to buy slaves male a n d

,
“
,

female he was return in g t o his own village : at a certai n

,
”

pla ce co n ve n ien t for water he open ed his sack a n d eat in g ,

some meal he we n t dow n to drin k water without tyi n g the

mout h The n a black s n ake in a hollow tree smellin g the
.
,

meal en tered the bag a n d lay down in a coil eatin g the

,

meal The brahm in came a n d without looki n g i n side

.
,

faste n ed the sack and putti n g it on his shoulder we n t his

way The n a spirit livi n g in a tree sitti n g in a hollow of
.
,

the trun k said to him on the way Brahmin if y ou stop

, ,
“
,

on the way you will die if y ou go home to day your wife ,

-

will di e and van ished He looked but n ot seein g the

, .
,

spirit was afraid a n d troubled wi th the fear of death a n d ,

s o came to the gate of Be n ares weepin g a n d lame n ti n g .

It was the fast on the fifteen th da y the day of the ,

B o dhisa t t a s preachin g seated o n the de cora t ed seat of

’

the law a n d a m u l titude with perfumes a n d flowers a n d

,

t he like in their han ds came in troops to hear the preachi n g .

The brahmin said Where are ye goin g ? a n d was told ,

“ ”
,

“
O brahmi n t o day wise S e n a k a preaches the law with
,
-

s weet voice a n d the charm o f a Buddha : do y ou n o t k n ow ?

He thought They say he is a wis e prea cher a n d I am

,
“
,

troub l ed wi th the fear of death : wise m e n are able t o

take away even great sorrow : it is right for me t oo to g o
there a n d hear the law So he we n t with them a n d when .
”
,

the assembly a n d the kin g amo n g them had sat do wn

roun d about the B o dhi sa t t a he stood at the outside n o t , ,
2 72 THE BRAHM I N AND THE SNAKE
fa r from the seat of the l aw with his m e a l sa ck on his ,

Shoulder afraid with the fear of death The B o dhisa t t a

,
.

prea ched as if he were bri n gi n g down the heave n ly Gan ges

or showeri n g ambrosia The mu l titude became wel l .

pleased a n d makin g applause listen ed to the prea chin g

, .

Wise me n have far Sight At that mome n t the B o dhisa t t a .

,

Ope n in g his eyes gracious with the five gra ces surveyed ,

the assemb l y on every side a n d seein g that brahmi n , ,

thought This great assembly has be come wel l pleased

,
“

a n d liste n s to the law maki n g applause but that on e , ,

brahmi n is il l pleased a n d weeps : there must be some

sorrow within him to cause hi s tears : as if touchi n g rust
with acid o r maki n g a drop of water roll from a lotus leaf
, ,

I wi ll tea ch him the l aw maki n g him free from sorrow ,

a n d well pleased in mi n d So he cal led him Brahm in .

, ,

I am wise S e n a k a n ow wi ll I make thee free from sorrow

, ,

speak bol dly a n d so talki n g with him he spoke the first

,

stan za
T hou a rt con fu se d i n t hou g ht , di s t u rb e d i n se n se

T e a rs s t re a min g f rom v
t hi n e e y e s a re e ide n ce
Wha t ha st t hou l ost , or w ha t dos t w i s h t o g a i n

B y comi n g hi t he r ? G i v e m e a n sw e r p l a in .

Then the brahmin de clarin g his cause of sorrow Spoke , ,

the secon d stan za

I f I g o home my wi fe i t i s mu s t die ,
I f I g o n ot , t he y a ha s a id, t i s I ;
’
kk
Tha t i s t he t hou g ht t ha t i e rce s cru e ll y p
Ex pl a in t he m a t t e r, S e n a k a , to me .

The B o dhis a t t a
hearin g the brahmi n s words spread ’

, ,

the n e t of kn owl edge as if throwi n g a n e t in the s e a ,

thi n k i n g There are man y causes of death to bein gs in

,
“

this world : some die sun k in the sea or seized therei n ,

by rave n ous fish some fall i n g in the Gan ges or seized by

, ,
2 74 THE BRAHMIN AND THE SNAK E
the brahmin s questio n in the royal assembly
’

third stan za
F irs t wi t h ma n y a d ou b t I dea l ,

N ow my t o n g u e t he t ru t h de c l a re s ;
B ra hm i n , i n y ou r b a g of m e a l
A s n a k e ha s e n t e re d u n a w a re s .

So saying he asked O brahmin is there a n y meal in

, ,
“
,

”
that sa ck of yours ? There is O sage Did you eat , .

some meal t o day at your breakfast time ? Yes O sage ,

.

”
“
Where were you sitti g n ? I n a wood at the root of a
“
,

tree .
”
When you ate the meal a n d we n t to dri n k water , ,
’
did you faste n the sack s mouth or n ot ? I did n ot O ,

sage . Whe n you dran k water a n d came ba ck did you

”

look in before faste n i n g the sack ? I faste n ed it without “

lookin g in O sage , O brahmi n whe n y ou we n t to drin k

.
“
,

water I thin k a s n ake en tered the sack owin g to the

,

sme ll of the meal without your k n owledge : such is the

c ase : therefore put down your sa ck set it in the midst ,

of the assemb l y a n d ope n i n g the mouth sta n d back a n d ,

taki n g a stick beat the sa ck with it : the n when y ou see

a b l a ck s n ake comi n g o u t with its hood spread a n d hissin g
”

y o u will have n o doubt : so he spoke the fourt h stan za

Ta k e a s t ic k and b e a t t he sa c k ,

D u mb l
dou b e t on g u e d i s he ;
and -

Ce a s e y ou r m in d w i t h dou b t s t o ra c k
Ope t he sa c k ,
t he sn a ke y ou l
’
l se e .

Thebrah min hearin g the Great Bei n g s words di d s o

,
’

, ,

though alarmed a n d frighte n ed The s n ake came ou t .

o f the sack whe n his hood was stru ck with the stick a n d ,

s tood l ooki n g at the crowd .

Whe n the questio n had been so an swered by the

B o dhisa t t a a certai n sn ake charmer made a mouth ban d
,
- -

for the s n ake caught him a n d let him loose in the forest
, .
 THE BRAHMIN AND THE S NA K E 2 75

The brahmin comin g up to the kin g saluted him a n d

, ,

made obeisan ce a n d praisi n g him spoke half a stan za

,

We ll w on i s J a n a k a t he k in g ’
s g re a t g a in ,

T ha t he wi s e S e n a k a dot h se e .

After praisi n g the kin g he took seven hun dred pieces ,

from the bag a n d praisi n g the B o dhisa t t a he spoke a ,

stan za a n d a half wishin g to give a gift in delight :

Art t hou t he A l l -
s e e r, qu e ll e r of wha t is v a in ?
D ot h w i s dom dre a d b e l on g t o t he e ?

The se se ve n hu n dre d p ie ce s ,
se e ,

T a k e t he m g i v e t he m t he e ;
a ll , I
’
Ti s t o t he e I owe my i fe , l
A n d t he w e f a re l of m y w ife .

Heari n g this the , B o dhisa t t a spoke the eighth stan za

F or re ci t in g p oe t ry
W i se me n ca n p
t a cce t a w a g e
’

Ra t he r l e t us g iv e t o t he e ,
Ere t hou t a k e t he home wa rd st a g e .

So sayi n g the B odhisa t t a made a full thousan d pieces

,

“
to be given to the brahmi n a n d asked him By whom , ,

were y ou se n t to beg for mo n ey ? By my wife O sage , .

” ”
“
Is your wife Ol d or youn g ? Youn g O sage The n , .
“

s he is doi n g s in wi th a n other a n d se n t you away thi n kin g ,

to do so in security : if y ou take these pieces home she ,

wil l give to her lover the pieces w on by your labour

there fore y ou sho ul d n ot go home straight but o n l y after ,

leavin g the pie ces outside the town at the root of a tree
o r somewhere s o he se n t him away He comi n g n ear .
,

the vil l age left his pieces at the root of a tree a n d came
, ,

home in the even in g His wife at that mome n t was seated

.

with her lover The brahm in stood at the door a n d said

.
,

“ ”
Wife . She recogn i sed his voice a n d puttin g ou t the ,

1 8— 2
2 76 THE BRAHMIN AND THE SNA K E
li ght open e d t he door : whe n the brahmin came in she ,

took the other a n d put him at the door : then com in g back
a n d n o t seei n g an ythin g in the sack s he asked Brahm in ,
“
,

what alms have you g ot on your j ourn ey ? A thousan d

pieces .
”
Where is it ? It is left at such a n d such a “

place : n ever mi n d we will get it to morrow , She wen t -

.

a n d told her lover He wen t a n d took it as if it were his

.

own treasure Next day the brahmi n we n t a n d n ot seein g

.
,

the pieces came to the B odhis a t t a who sai d What is the , ,

“

matter brahmin , I don t see the pieces O sage Did ’

,
.

y o u te l l your wife ? Y e s O sage K n owi n g that the

“
,
.

wife had told her lover the B odhis a t t a asked Brahmi n , ,

“
,

is there a brahmi n who is a frie n d of your wife s ?

’ “
There
”
is O sage
, Is there on e who is a frien d of yours ?
.
“

’
“
Yes O sage
, The n the Great Be in g caused seve n days
.

expen ses t o be give n him a n d said G o do you two in vite , ,

a n d e n tertai n the first day fourtee n brahmi n s seve n for ,

yourse l f a n d seve n for your wife : from n ext day o n wards

take on e less each day till on the seven th day y o u i n vite ,

on e brahmi n a n d your wife o n e : the n if you n otice that

the brahmin your wife asks on the seve n th day has come
every time tell me , The brahmin di d s o a n d told the .
,

B odhisa t t a O sage I have observed the brahmin who is

, ,

al ways ou r guest The B odhis a t t a sen t me n with him to

.
”

brin g that other brahmin a n d asked him Did y ou take , ,

a thousan d pieces belo n gi n g to this brahmin from the

root of such a n d such a tree ? I did n ot O sage Y ou , .
” “

do n ot k n ow that I am the wise S e n a k a ; I will make y ou

fetch those pieces He was afraid a n d co n fessed sayi n g
.
, ,

I took them What did y ou do ? . I put them in such “

a n d such a place O sage The B odhisa t t a asked the first

, .
”

brahmin Brahmin will you keep your wife or take

, ,

an othe r ? ”
Let me keep her O sage The B odhisa t t a , .
”
2 78 THE BRAHMIN S REVENGE ON THE MONKEYS ’

own retin ue a n d wen t t o the forest O n e day a fem al e .

slave poun di n g rice had put some rice ou t in the su n a n d

a goat was eatin g it : gett in g a blow with a torch a n d
run n i n g away on fire he was rubbi n g himself on the wall ,

of a grass hut n ear a n elepha n t stab l e

-
The fire caught -
.

the grass hut a n d from it the elephan t stable ; in it the

- -

elephan ts backs were burn t a n d the e l ephan t doctors

’

were atten din g the elephan ts The famil y priest was .

alway s goin g about wat chi n g for a n Opportun ity of cat ch

in g the mo n keys He was sitti n g in atten dan ce on the
.

ki n g a n d the kin g said Sir man y of ou r elephan ts have

, , ,

bee n in j ured a n d the elephan t doctors do n ot kn ow how

,

”
to cure them ; do y ou kn ow a n y remedy ? I do great “
,

”
ki n g . What is it ?
“
Mon key s fat great kin g H ow
“ ’

,
.

shal l we get it ? There are man y mo n keys in t he

”
garden The ki n g said Kill mo n keys in the garde n
.
,
“

a n d get their fat The archers we n t a n d kil l ed five

.

hun dred mo n keys with arrows O n e O l d mo n k ey fled .

although wo u n ded by a n arrow a n d though he did n ot ,

fall on the spot fe l l when he came t o the B o dhis a t t a s

,
’

p l ace of abode The mon keys said He has died whe n

.
,
“

he rea ched ou r p l ace of abode a n d to l d the B o dhis a t t a , ,

that he was dead from a woun d he had g ot He came .

a n d sat down amo n g the assemb l y of mo n keys a n d spok e ,

these stan zas by way of exhorti n g the mo n keys with the

exhortation of the wise which is M e n dwellin g n ear their ,
“

e n emies perish in this way ”

Let n ot t he wi s e ma n dwe l l w he re dw e ll s hi s foe

On e n i g ht , t wo n i g ht s , so n e a r w il l b ri n g hi m w oe .

A f oo ls ’
a f oe t o a ll w ho t ru st hi s w ord
On e m on k e y b rou g ht di st re s s on all t he he rd .

A f oo i sh l chi e f, w i s e i n hi s own co n ce i t ,

C ome s e v e r li k e
, t hi s mon k e y , t o de fe a t .
 THE MONKEY S HEROIC S ELF SACRIFICE ’
-
2 79

A s t ron g f oo l is g ood t o g u a rd t he he rd,

n ot

Cu rs e t o hi s k in dre d, i k e t he de coy b ird l -

.

On e d w i se i s g ood t he he rd t o g u a rd,
s t ron g an

k
L i e I n dra t o t he G ods , hi s i n s re wa rd
’
k .

Who v irt u e , w i s dom, le a rn i n g , dot h p os se ss ,

H i s de e ds hi ms e f l a n d ot he r me n wi ll b l e ss .

The re fore v i rt u e , k n owl e dg e l e a rn in g , , and hi mse lf l e t hi m re g a rd

l on e l y S a i n t or o e r t he flock
Ei t he r b e a
’
k e e p w a t ch a n d w a rd .

S O the B o dhisa t t a becomi n g ki n g of mo n keys explai n ed , ,

the way of learn i n g the Discipl in e .

Ti b .
,
T . X L III
mon ke ys ooke d in b a rl e y me a l a re pre s rib e d b y t he
. whe re c -
c
c
do t or I n P (R )
. . v
1 0 mon k e y s a re sl a u g ht e re d for t he sa me re a son , a n d t he
.

l c
mon ke y e a de r in a rryi n g ou t his re e n g e g oe s t o a n og re a u n t e d p ool , a n d
-
v -
h
c
e s a pe s T is e pisode is a
. h
a ria n t of a t 2 0 ( se e p 2 3 ) a n d 5 5 v
I n t he a ria n t J . . . v
vc c
J a t 1 4 0 t he i t ims a re row s, a n d rows fa t is pre s rib e d for t he e l e p a n t s
.
’
In c c h .

Tib T . . v
a b ra min p re s rib e s t h
. h
e fa t of a s u p e rh c
u ma n b e in g a s p a rt of a a rm, ch
in orde r t o b rin g a b ou t t he de a t h of t he p rin e s wife , w ho is a fa iry
’
The in ide n t c . c
of t h e g oa t a n d rin g of t h fi
e st a b e i s t he s u b e t of ul ie n 3 3 l j c J .

’
THE MONKEY S HEROIC S E LF S ACRIFI CE -

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was reign i n g in

Be n ares the B odhis a t t a was born as a mon key Whe n he
, .

grew up a n d attai n ed stature a n d stout n ess he was stro n g ,

a n d vigorous a n d lived in the Himalaya with a reti n ue of

,

eighty thousan d mo n keys Near the Gan ges ban k there .

was a man go tree (others say it was a ban yan ) with ,

bran ches a n d forks h avi n g a deep shade a n d thick leaves , ,

like a moun tai n top Its s weet fruits of divi n e fra g ran ce -
.
,

a n d flavour were a s large as water pots : from on e bra n ch

,
-

the fr u its fell on the ground from on e in to the Gan ges ,

water from two i n to the mai n trun k of the tree The

,
.

B o dhisa t t a while eating the fruit with a troop of mo n keys

, ,

thought S omeday dan ger will come upon us owin g to

,

the fruit of this tre e falli n g on the water ; a n d so n ot to ”

leave on e fruit on the bran ch which grew over the water ,

2 80 THE MON K EY S HEROIC S ELF S ACRIF ICE ’
-

he made them eat or throw down the flowers at their

season from the time they were of the size of a chick pea -
.

But n otwithstan di n g on e ripe fruit u n see n by the eighty

, ,

thousan d mo n keys hidden by a n an t s n est fell i n to the

’

, ,

river a n d stuck in the n e t above the kin g of Ben ares who

, ,

was bathi n g for amuseme n t with a n e t above him a n d

an other below Whe n the kin g had amused himself all
.

day a n d was goi n g away in the eve n i n g the fishermen , ,

who were drawi n g the n e t saw the fruit a n d n ot kn owi n g ,

what it wa s shewed it to the ki n g The ki n g asked .

,

“ ”
What is th i s fruit ? We do n ot kn ow sire Who , .

will kn ow ? The foresters sire He had the foresters , .

called a n d learn i n g from them that it was a man go he

, ,

cu t it with a k n ife a n d first maki n g the foresters eat of

,

it he ate of it him self a n d had some of it give n to his

,

seraglio a n d his mi n isters The flavour of the ripe .

man go remai n ed pervadi n g the k in g s whole body Pos ’

.

sessed by desire of the flavour he asked the foresters ,

where that tree stood a n d hearin g that it was on a river

,

ba n k in the Himalaya quarter he had man y rafts j oi n ed ,

together a n d sai l ed upstream by the route shewn by the

foresters The exa ct a ccoun t of days is n ot give n I n
. .

due course they came to the pla ce a n d the foresters said ,

“

to the ki n g Sire there is the tree

, ,
The ki n g stopped .

the rafts a n d we n t on foot with a great retinue a n d ,

having a bed prepared at the foot of the tree he lay ,

down after eati n g the man g o fruit a n d e n j oyi n g the

various excelle n t flavours At every side they s e t a guard .

a n d made a fire Whe n the m e n had falle n asleep the

.
,

B o dhis a t t a came at mid n ight with his reti n ue Eighty .

thousan d mo n keys movi n g from bran ch t o bran ch ate

the man goes The k i n g wakin g a n d seei n g the herd of
.
,

mo n keys roused his me n a n d calli n g his archers said

, ,
2 82 THE MONKEY S HEROI C SELF S ACRIFICE ’
-

ba ck B odhi s a t t a s heart broke a n d great pai n came

The ’
.

on h im D e v a da t t a havin g caused that madden in g pai n

.

we n t away : a n d the B odhi s a t t a was al o n e The kin g .

bein g awake s a w all that w a s do n e by the mon keys a n d

the B o dhis a t t a he lay down thin k i n g This an i mal
: an d ,
“
,

n o t re cko n i n g his own life has caused the safety of hi s ,

troop When day broke bein g pleased with the Bodhi

.
”
,

satta he thought I t is n ot right to destroy this kin g of

, ,
“

the mo n keys : I wil l bri n g hi m down by some mean s a n d

take care of hi m s o turn i n g the raft down the G a u g e s

a n d buildi n g a platform there he made the B o dhis a t t a ,

come down gen tly a n d had him clothed with a yellow,

rob e on his ba ck a n d washed in Gan ges water made him ,

dri n k sugared water a n d had his body clean sed a n d ,

an oin ted with O il refi n ed a thousan d times ; then he put

a n oi l ed ski n on a bed a n d maki n g h i m lie there he s e t ,

hi mse l f on a l ow seat a n d spoke the first stan za ,

Y ou l
y ou rs e f a b ri dg e f or t he m t o a s s in sa f e t y t hrou g h
ma d e p
W ha t a re y ou t he n t o t he m, m on e y , a n d w ha t a re t he y t o y ou ? k
Heari n g him the B o dhis a t t a i n structi n g the ki n g
,

spoke the other stan zas

Vi ct ori ou s k in g I g u a rd t he he rd I a m t he i r l ord a n d chi e f
, , ,

Whe n t he y w e re fi ll e d w it h f e a r of t he e a n d st rick e n s ore w i t h g rie f .

I l e a p t a hu n dre d t i me s t he l e n g t h of b ow ou t s t re t che d t ha t l i e s ,

Whe n I ha d b ou n d a b a mb oo shoot -
firml y a rou n d my t hi g hs

I re a che d t he t re e li k e t hu n de r cl ou d -
s pe d b y t he t e m e st s b a st ; p ’
l
I l ost my s t re n g t h, b u t re a che d a b ou g h : w i t h ha n ds I he d i t f a s t l .

An d I hu n g e x t e n de d t he re he d f a s t b y shoot a n d b ou g h,
as l
k p
My m on e y s a s se d a cros s m y b a c a n d a re i n s a fe t y n ow k .

T he re fore I f e a r no p a in of de a t h, b on ds do n ot g i e mev a in , p
T he ha pp in e s s of t hos e w a s w on o er
’
w hom I u s e d t o re i g n .

A p a ra b l e for t he e 0 k in g , ,
if t hou t he t ru t h w ou l d s t ’
re a d

The ha pp i n e s s o f ki n g dom an d of a r my an d of s t e e d

An d ci t y mu s t b e de a r t o t hee , i f t hou w ou l d s t ru l
’
e i n de e d .
 P L A TE VI I I

T H E M O N K EY
’
S S EL F S A C RI FI C E
-

(J a t a k a 4 0 7, t hre e sce n e s , pp . 2 8 1 , 2 8 2)
2 84 TH E PRIN CE AN D HIS BR OTHER
a ll an i ma l s i
cr e s . Af t e r du l y t o his t e a cher he
lis t e n in g ,

re t u rn e d t o B e n a re s Hi s fa t her a p poin t e d hi m v i ce nov :

b ut t hou gh he di d sq he b e ca m e a n x iou t o ki ll him a n d s

w ou l d him
n ot e v e n se e .

A he — ja ck a l wi t h t w o cub s en t e re d t he ci t y a t n i ght
s

b y a se w er w he n m e n w e re re t i re d t o re st
,
I n t he
B odh is a t t a s pa l a ce n e ar hi s b e droom t here wa s a
’

, ,

ch a mb e r where a s gl e t ra v e ll e r who ha d ta ke n hi s
'

s h oe s off a n d pu t t h e m b v h i s fe e t o n t he fl oor w a s lyin g ,

do wn n o t v e t a sl e ep on a pl a n k The j ac a l cubs were

k
-
.
.
,

mo t her s n the spe e ch e ir aid i

of ja ck a l s Do n ot ma ke a n o i se cl e a rs t he re I s a ma n in
,
“
,

t ha t cha m b e r w h o ha s t a k e n hi s sh oe s o ff a n d l a i d the m

on t he flo o r : he 1 5 lyin g on a p l an k b u t is n ot as l e ep yet ,

w hen he fa ll s a sl e ep I w ill t ake h i s sh oe s a n d g ive you

,

B v t he po w er of t he s pe ll t he B odhis a t t a un de r
”
foo d .

st o o d h e r ca ll a n d l e a v in g h is b edroom he o pe n e d a
,

Who is t he re ?
“

win do w a n d sa id I y our maj esty

“ “
, , ,

a t ra l
vel re W he r e a re
.
”
vour s h e s
“
o ? O n t he fl oo r
"
“
.
”

Lift t hem a n d h a n g t hem up H e a rin g t hi s the j a cka l

”
.

w a s a n g ry wi t h t he B odhis a t t a O n e da v s he e n t ered the .

ci t y a ga in b y the sa m e wa y Tha t da y a drun ke n ma n .

w e n t do w n t o dri n k in a lotus t an k : falli n in he sa n k -

g
,

a n d w a s dr ow n e d He po ss e s s ed t he t w o g a rmen ts he
.

w a s w e a ri n g a t ho u sa n d pie ce s in h i s un der g armen t a n d -

,

a rin g on hi s fin g er The j a cka l cu b s cri e d ou t fo r hun g er

.
-

a n d t he mo t h
“
er sa id B e q u i e t de a rs : t here is a de a d , ,

ma n in t hi s lo t u s t a n k he ha d s u ch a n d such pro perty :

-

he is lyin g d e a d on t he t a n k s tair I will g ive y ou his fl e sh -

The B o dhis a t t a h e a rin g her O pe n e d t he win dow

”

t o ea t .
, ,

a n d s ai d Who is in t he cha mber

,
“ ? On e ro s e a n d s aid
”

G O a n d t a ke t he cl o t h e s t he t hous a n d pieces
“
"

I ,

a n d t he rin g fro m t he ma n who is l yin g de a d in yo n der

 TH E PR INCE A ND H I S BR O THER 2 35

lot us -
tan k mak e t he bo d y sin k so t ha t it ca n n 0 t ris e
, an d
o u t of t he w a t er The m a n did so The j a ck a l w a s a ng ry
. .

again : The o t her da y y ou pre ven t ed mv childre n e a t in g

“

t he shoe s ; t od a y y o u pre ve n t t h e m ea t i n g t he de a d m a n .

V e rv well : on t he t hird da y from t hi a hos t il e kin g wil l s

come a n d e n comp a s t he cit y y o u r fa t h e r w ill se n d y ou

s
,

t o b a t t l e t he y will cu t off v our hea d : I wi ll drin k v our

,

throa t s bl ood a n d sa t i sfy my e n m i t v : v ou m a k e y ourse lf

an e n em y of mi n e a n d I wi l l se e t o it s o she cri e d

abusin g t he B odhi sa t t a Then she t oo k her cubs a n d w e n t .

a wa v On t he t hi rd da y the hos t il e kin g ca m e a n d e n

.

co m pas s ed t he cit v The kin g sa id t o t he B o dhisa t t a

. .

G o dea r s on and figh t him O king I h a v e se e n

“ “

. . .
,

a vi si o n I ca nno t go for I fe a r I sh a ll los e m y lif e

. . .

Wha t i s v o u r life or de a t h t o me ! Go
0‘

The ( re a t . T

B ein g obe y e d : t a kin g hi s m en he a void e d t he g a t e W h e re

t he h os t ile w a s po st e d a n d w e n t ou t b y a n ot he r
:
0
,

w hich he ha d Ope n ed A s he w en t t he wh ol e ci t y
.

beca me a s it w ere de se rt e d for a l l m e n w en t ou t w i t h

him He en ca mpe d in a cert a in ope n s pa ce a n d wa it e d
.

The ki n g t hou g h t Mv vi ce r ov ha s e m p t i e d t he ci t v a n d
.
“

fl e d with a l l m y force s : t he e n e mv i s l y in g all r ou n d t he

ci t y : I a m b u t a dea d ma n T o sa v e his life he t o ok his
"

chief quee n his fa mil y pri e s t a n d a sin gl e a t t e n da n t

. .

n a me d P a ra n t a w i t h t he m he fl e d in dix g u is e b y n i h t
p a : g
a n d e n t ere d a w o od H e a rin g of his fl i ght t he B odhisa t t a
. .

e n t ere d t he ci t y defe a t e d t he h os t il e kin g in ba t t l e a nd

.

t o ok t he ki n g do m H is fa t h e r m a d e a b u t of l e a v e s on
.

a ri v er b a nk a n d liv e d t h e re on w il d fru i t s H e a n d t he
fa mi l y pri e st u s e d t o g o l ooki n g for w i ld fru i t s : t he
s er v a nt P a ra n t a pa s t a y e d wi t h t he qu e e n in t he hu t .

S he wa s w i t h child b y t he ki n g : b u t owit m t o be in g '

c on s t a nt l y wi t h P a ra n t a a
p s he s i n n e d wi t h h im On e , .
2 86 THE PR I NCE AND H IS BROT HER
day s he said to him I f the ki n g k n ows n either you n or
, ,

”
I woul d live : kill him I n what way ? He makes
.
”

you carry his sword a n d bathi n g dress whe n he goes to -

bathe : take him off his guard at the bathi n g p l a ce cut -

off his head a n d chop his body t o pie ces with the sword

a n d the n bury him in the groun d He agreed O n e day . .

the priest had go n e ou t for wi ld fruits : he had climbed

a tree n ear the ki n g s bathi n g place a n d was gatheri n g
’
-

the fruit The ki n g wi shed to bathe a n d came to the

.
,

water side with P a ra n t a pa carryi n g his sword a n d bathi n g

-

dress As he was go in g t o bathe P a ra n t a pa mean i n g to

.
, ,

kill him whe n off his guard seized him by the n eck a n d ,

raised the sword The k in g cried o u t in fear of death

. .

The priest heard the cry a n d s a w from above that Paran

tapa was murderi n g him : but he wa s in great terror a n d
slippi n g dow n from his bran ch in the tree he hid in a ,

thi cket P a ra n t a pa heard the n oise he made as he

.

slipped down a n d after kil l i n g a n d buryi n g the ki n g he

,

thought There was a n oise of s l ippi n g from a bran ch

,
“

ther eabouts ; who is there ? But see in g n o m a n he ”

bathed a n d we n t away The n the priest came o u t of his.

hidi n g p l ace ; kn owin g that the ki n g had been cu t in

-

pie ces a n d buried in a pit he bathed a n d in fear of his ,

life he preten ded t o be bli n d when he came back to the

hut P a ra n t a pa s a w him a n d asked what had happen ed
.

to him He feign ed n ot to kn ow him a n d said O ki n g

.
, ,

I am come ba ck with my eyes lost : I was stan di n g by a n

a n t hi l l in a wood fu l l of serpe n ts a n d the breath of some
-

ven omous serpe n t must have fall e n o n me P a ra n t a pa .

thought the priest was addressin g him as ki n g in ig n or

an ce a n d t o put his mi n d at rest he said Brahmin n ever
, , ,

mi n d I will take care of y ou a n d s o comforted hi m a n d

, ,

gave him p l en ty of wild fruits From that time it was .

2 88 THE PRINCE AND H IS BROTHER
m a n is your father : your father was ki n g of Be n ares
n ot

that man is a servan t of your house he sin n ed with your

”
mother a n d in this spot killed a n d burl ed your father ; a n d
so sayi n g he pul l ed u p the bo n es a n d shewed them to him .

The pri n ce grew very an gry a n d asked What am I to , ,

“

do ? Do to that m a n what he did to your father here

“
,

a n d shewi n g him the whole matter he taught him in a few

days how t o han dle a sword The n on e day the pri n ce .

took sword a n d bathin g dress a n d said Father let us go -

,
“
,

a n d bathe P a ra n t a pa co n se n ted a n d went with him

. .

When he we n t down i n to the water the pri n ce took his ,

top kn ot in the left han d a n d the sword in the right a n d

-

said At thi s spot y ou took my father by the top kn ot

,
“
-

a n d killed h i m as he cried out : eve n so will I do to

you . P a ra n t a pa wailed in fear of death a n d spoke two
stan z as
S u re l y t ha t s ou n d ha s come t o y ou a n d t ol d y ou w ha t b e fe ll
S u re ly t he ma n w ho b e n t t he b ou g h ha s come t he t a l e t o t e ll .

The f ool i sh t hou g ht t ha t on ce I ha d ha s re a che d y ou r k n ow l e dg e n ow

Tha t da y a wi t n e s s , ma n or b e a s t , w a s t he re an d s hoo k t he b ou g h .

The n the prin ce spoke the last stan z a

’
l
Tw a s t hu s y ou s e w my f a t he r wi t h t ra i t rou s w ord, u n t ru e
’

You hi d hi s b ody i n t he b ou g hs : n ow fe a r ha s come t o y ou .

So sayin g he slew him on the spot buried him a n d

, ,

covered the pla ce with bran ches : the n washi n g the sword
a n d bathi n g he we n t ba ck t o the hut of leaves
, He to l d .

the priest how he had killed P a ra n t a pa : he cen sured his

mother a n d sayi n g What shall we do n ow ? the three
, ,
“

we n t back to Ben ares The B o dhis a t t a made the youn g .

pri n ce viceroy a n d doi n g charity a n d other good work s

passed fully through the path to heaven .

S e e Fra ze r ,
The L a n g ua g e f A n i ma l s in A rcha e ol
o . Rev
. I . 80 fi
'

.
 THE PA NTHER AND THE GOAT

The Master told this tale while dwelli n g in J e t a v a n a ,

con cern in g a certai n she goat At on e time the Elder -

.

Mog g a l l a n a lived in a dwelli n g with on e door in a moun ,

tai n e n closure surroun ded by hills His covered walk

,
.

was close by the door Some goatherds thought the .

en closure would be a good place for their goats so they ,

drove them in a n d lived there at their pleasure O n e day .

they came in the eve n i n g took al l the goats and we n t , ,

away : but on e she goat had wan dered far a n d n ot seei n g

-

the goats departi n g she was left behi n d As she was

,
.

goi n g after them a pan ther s a w her a n d thin ki n g t o

, ,

eat her stood by the door of the e n closure S he looked .

all rou n d a n d saw the pan ther

,
He is there because he .

“
wishes to kil l a n d eat me she thought ; if I turn a n d ,

ru n,
my life is lost ; I must play the m a n a n d so she ,
”

tossed her horn s a n d spra n g straight at him with all her

,

might S he es caped his grip though he was quiveri n g

.
,

with the thought of catchi n g her : the n run n in g at full

speed she came up with the other goats The Elder .

observed how all the an imals had behaved : n ext day

he we n t a n d told the Buddha S o lord this she goat ,
“
, ,
-

performed a feat by her readi n ess in device a n d escaped ,

from the pan ther The Master an swered M og g a l l a n a

.
”
,
“
,

the pan ther failed to catch her this time but o n ce before ,

he killed he r though she cried ou t a n d ate her Then at , .

”

Mogg a l l a n a s request he told a n ol d tale

’

, .

O n ce upo n a time the B odhis a t t a was born in a certai n

vil l age of the M a g a dha ki n gdom in a wealthy family , .

Whe n he grew up he ren oun ced desires a n d adopted

,

the religious life reachin g the perfectio n of meditatio n

, .

F a T
. . 19
290 THE P AN THER AND THE GOAT
After dwellin g lo n g in the Himalaya he came to Raja g a ha ,

for salt a n d vi n egar a n d dwel t in a b u t of leaves whi ch he

,

made in a moun tai n e n closure Just as in the i n tro .

du ct o ry story the goatherds drove their goats thither

,

a n d in the same way on e day as a sin gl e s he goat was ,

-

go in g out later than the rest a pan ther waited by the ,

door thi n ki n g to eat her When she saw him she thought
, .
, ,

My life is forfeit : by some mean s I must get him i n to

pleasan t a n d kin dl y tal k a n d so soften his heart a n d save ,

my l ife . Begi n n i n g a frie n dly talk with him from some

di stan ce she approached a n d spoke the first stan za
,

H ow f a re s i t wi t h y ou u n cl e ? a n d i s i t w e ll w i t h y ou ?
,

M y m ot he r se n d s he r k in d re g a rds : an d I ’
m y ou r fri e n d s o t ru e .

Hearin g her the pan ther thought ,

T hi s baggage ,
“

wo ul d beguile me by calli n g me un cle : s he does n ot ‘ ’

kn ow how hard I am ; a n d so he spoke the seco n d ”

s tan za

You v e t rod u p on my t a il m i s s g oa t a n d don e m e i n j u ry

’
, ,

A n d t hin k y ou b y s a y i n g U n cl e t ha t y ou ca n g o s oot fre e ?

‘ ’ -

Whe n s he heard him she said O un cle do n t talk in “ ’

, , ,

that way a n d spoke the third stan za :

,
”

I f a ce d y ou as I ca me , g ood S i r, y ou f a ce m e a s y ou S i t
l
Y ou r t a i i s a ll b e hi n d y ou : how cou l d I t re a d on i t ?

He a n swered What do you say she goat ? is there

,
“
,
-

”
a n y place where my ta il might n o t be ? a n d s o he spoke

the fourth stan za

A s fa r as f ou r g re a t con t i n e n t s wi t h s e a s a n d mou n t a i n s s re a d, p
M y t a il e x t e n ds : h o w co u l d y o u f a il o n l
s u ch a t a i to t re a d ?

The she goat whe n she heard this thought

-

,
This , ,

wi cked on e is n ot attra cted by soft words : I wi l l an swer

him as a n e n emy a n d so she spoke the fifth stan za
,

Y ou r v i ll a i n s t a i l i s l on g I k n ow for I ha d w a rn i n g f a ir
’
, ,

P a re n t s a n d b rot he rs t ol d m e s o b u t I fl e w t hrou g h t he a i r
: .
292 T HE GRATEFUL PARROT
Sakka n oti ced how very co n te n ted the parrot was a n d ,

said After heari n g him speak of the virtue of frie n dship

,
“
,

I will come a n d give him his choi ce of a boo n a n d cause ,

t he fig tree to bear ambrosial fruit

”
-
So he took the form .

of a royal goose a n d preceded by Suj a in the shape o f

1
,

a n A sura n ymph he we n t to the grove of fig trees a n d

,
-

p erchi n g on the bough of a tree close by he e n tered i n to ,

co n versatio n wi th the parrot a n d spoke the first stan za

W he re v e r f ru i t fu l t re e s a b ou n d ,

A fl ock of hu n g ry b i rds i s f ou n d
B u t shou l d t he t re e s a l l w i t he re d b e ,

Aw a y a t on ce t he b irds wil l fl e e .

An d
after these words to drive the parrot the n ce ,

spoke the seco n d stan za

H a st e t he e , S i r R e db e a k , t o b e g on e ;
W hy dost t hou si t a n d dre a m a l on e ?
C ome t e l l me , p ri t he e b ird of sp ri n g
, ,

T o t hi s de a d s t u m p why dos t t hou cl i n g ?

Then the parrot said O goose from a fee l i n g of ,

“
,

”
gratitude I forsake n ot this tree a n d he repeated t wo
, ,

stan zas :
The y w ho ha v e b e e n cl ose f ri e n ds from y ou t h ,

M in dfu l of g oodn e s s a n d of t ru t h ,

I n l i fe a n d de a t h i n w e a l a n d w oe
,

The cl a i m s of fri e n dshi p n e e r fore g o

’
.

I t oo wou l d fa i n b e k i n d a n d g ood
To on e t ha t l on g my fri e n d ha s s t ood ;
I wi sh t o l i v e b u t ha ve n o he a rt
,

F rom t hi s ol d t re e , t hou g h de a d, t o p a rt .

Sakka on hearin g what he said was delighted a n d ,

praisi n g him wished to o ffer him a choi ce a n d uttered ,

t wo stan zas

1
S kk
a
’
a s wi fe .
 THE GRATEFUL PARROT 293

I k n ow t hy f ri e n dshi p an d t hy g ra t e fu ov e , l l
Vi rt u e s t ha t w i s e me n l
s u re y mu st a pp rov e .

I o e r t he e w ha t e e r t hou w i t f or
ff ’
l choi ce ;

P a rrot , wha t b oon w ou d l most t hy he a rt re oi ce ? j

Onheari n g this the ki n g parrot maki n g his choice ,

spoke the seve n th stan za

I f t hou , O g oos e , wha t m ost I cra v e w oul ds t g i ve , i

G ra n t t ha t t he t re e I l ove , g a in
a ma y ive l .

L e t it on ce m ore w it h i t s ol d v i g ou r shoot ,

G a t he r f re sh s we e t n e ss an d b e a r g ood y f ru i t l .

The n S akka gran tin g the boo n , , spoke the eighth

stan za
L o ! f ri e n d a f ru i t fu l a n d ri g ht n ob l e t re e
, ,

W e ll fi t t e d for t hy dwe ll in g p l a ce t o b e -
.

Le t it on ce m ore wi t h i t s ol d vi g ou r s hoot ,

G a t he r fre sh s w e e t n e s s an d b e a r g oodl y f ru i t .

With these words S akka quitted hi s prese n t form a n d ,

man ifestin g the supern atural power of himself a n d S uj a ,

he took up water from the Gan ges in his han d a n d

dashed it agai n st the fig tree stump — Straightway the .

tree rose up ri ch in bran ch a n d stem a n d with ho n ey ,

sweet fruit a n d stood a charmi n g sight like u n to the

, ,

bare J e we l Moun t The parrot ki n g on seei n g it was

-
.

highly pleased a n d si n gin g the praises of Sakka he spoke

,

the n i n th stan za
M a y S a k k a a n d a l l l ov e d b y S a kk a b l e s s ed b e ,

A s I t o da y a m b l e st t hi s g oodl y s i g ht t o se e !
-

Sakka after gran ti n g the parrot his choice a n d causin g

, ,

the fig tree to bear ambrosial fru it return ed with S uj a t a

-

t o his own abode .

Mb h m ch 5 Th
. x . i . di c t
. l ti h ip b t w t h i d t h j a t k
e re s no re re a on s e e en s an e a a,

an d noc i b tw
on n e x th v
on e (F k )een e e rse s ra n e .
 THE GOBLIN S GIFT ’

Once upon a time in the reign of B ra hma da t t a kin g ,

of Be n ares his queen co n sort after falli n g i n to s in w a s

,
-

questio n ed by the ki n g a n d taki n g a n oath she said I f

, ,

I have si n n ed agai n st you I shall become a female ,

”
Yakkha with a face l ike a horse After her death she .

became a horse faced Yakkha a n d dwelt in a ro ck cave

- -

i n a vast forest at the foot of a mou n tai n a n d used to ,

catch a n d devour the m e n that freque n t ed the road

leadi n g from the East to the Western border After .

servi n g V e ss a v a n a three years it is said s he got l eave

1
, ,

t o eat people in a certai n spa ce thirty leagues lo n g by ,

five leagues broad N ow on e day a rich wealthy han d

.
, ,

some brahmi n a ccompan ied by a large s ui te as cen ded

, ,

that road The Yakkha on seei n g him with a loud n eigh

.
, ,

rushed upo n him a n d his atten dan ts all fled With the
,
.

speed of the wi n d she seized the brahmin a n d threw him

o n her back a n d in e n teri n g the cave through comi n g
, ,

i n to co n tact with the m a n u n der the i n flue n ce of passio n

,

she co n ceived a n affectio n for him a n d i n stead o f devour ,

in g him she made him her husban d a n d they lived ,

harmo n iously together A n d the n ceforth the Yakkha

.

whe n ever she captured m e n also took their cl othes a n d ,

rice a n d oil a n d the like a n d servi n g him with various ,

dain ty food s he herself would eat man s flesh A n d whe n ’

.

ever she we n t away for fear of his escapi n g she closed the
, ,

mouth of the cave with a huge ston e before leavi n g A n d .

while they were thus livi n g amicabl y together the Bodhi ,

satta passi n g from hi s former existe n ce was co n ceived in

1
The l ord of Ya k k ha s .
296 THE GOBL I N S GIFT ’

belo n gs to a mother comes to t he children ; tell me n ow

S he told hi m all
”
what is the boun dary of ou r grou n d .

the lan dmarks moun tain s a n d such like in al l directio n s

, ,

a n d poi n ted ou t to her s on the spa ce th i rty l eagues lo n g ,

a n d five leagues broad a n d said Co n sider it to be so “

, ,

mu ch my s on
,
After the lapse of two or three days
.
,

whe n his mother had go n e to the forest he put his father ,

o n his shoulder a n d rus hi n g on with the swift n ess of the

wi n d by the hi n t give n him by his mother he rea ched the

, ,

ban k of the river that was the limit The mother t oo .

,

when on her return she missed them pursued after them ,

.

The B odhis a t t a carried his father i n to the middle of the

river a n d s he came a n d stood on the river ban k a n d
, ,

whe n she s a w that they had passed beyo n d the l imits of

her sphere she stopped where s he wa s a n d cried My
, ,
“

dear child come here with your father What i s my

,
.

o ffe n ce ? I n what respe ct do n ot thi n gs go wel l with you ?

Come ba ck my lord ,
Thus did she besee ch her child
.

a n d h u sban d So the brahmi n crossed the river She

. .

prayed t o her child also a n d said Dear s on do n ot act , ,

“
,

after this sort : come back again Mother we are m e n .

“
,

you are a Yakkha We can n ot always abide wi th y ou

. .

”
A n d wi ll y ou n ot return ? N 0 mother Then if ,
.

o u refuse to retur n — as it is pai n ful to l ive in the world

y
of m e n they who k ow raft a ot live
an d n n o t a n c c n n — I
, y
am ski l led in the lore of a wishi n g j ewe l : by it s power -

o n e ca n fo l low after the lapse o f twelve years in the steps

o f those that have go n e away This wi l l prove a livelihood

.

to you Take my ch ild this i n valuab l e charm

.
, , An d .

though overcome by su ch great sorrow through love of ,

her child she gave him the charm The B o dhis a t t a sti l l
,
.
,

stan di n g in the river fo l ded his han ds tortoise wi se a n d

,
-

took the charm a n d salutin g his mother cried Good bye

, ,
-

,
 THE GOBLIN S GIFT 29 7
’

mother . The Yakkha said If y ou do n ot return my ,

“
,

s on
,
I can n ot live a n d s he smote upo n her breast a n d
, ,

straightway in sorrow for her son her heart was broken

a n d s he fell dow n dead on the spot The B odhis a t t a .
,

when he kn ew his mother was dead called t o hi s father ,

a n d we n t a n d made a fu n eral pile a n d bur n ed her body .

A fter exti n guishi n g the flames he made offeri n gs of ,

various coloured flowers a n d with weepi n g a n d lame n ta

,

tio n return ed with his father t o Be n ares .

It was told the ki n g A youth skilled in track in g

,
“

”
footsteps is stan din g at the door An d whe n the ki n g .

“
bade him e n ter he came in a n d saluted the ki n g
, My .

” “
frie n d he said do you k n ow a n y craft ?
,
“
My lord ,

fol l owm g on the track o f on e who has stole n a n y pro

perty twelve years ago I ca n catch him ,
The n en ter .
“

my ser vi ce said the ki n g I will serve you for a .

“

thous an d p i eces of mo n ey daily Very well frien d y ou .

“
, ,

”
shall serve me . A n d the ki n g had him paid a tho u san d
pieces of mon ey daily Now on e day the family priest
.

“
said t o the ki n g My lord because this youth does
, ,

n othi n g by the power of his art we do n o t k n ow whether ,

”
he has a n y skill or n ot : we will n e w test him The ki n g .

readily agreed a n d the pair gave n otice to the keepers of

,

the various treasures a n d taki n g the most valuable j ewels

,

descen ded from the terra ce a n d after gropi n g their way,

three times roun d the palace they placed a ladder o n the ,

top of the wall a n d by mean s of it descen ded t o the out

side Then they e n tered the Hal l of Justi ce a n d after
.
,

sitti n g there they return ed a n d again p l aci n g the ladder

on the wal l des ce n ded i n to the harem Comi n g t o the .

edge of a tan k they thrice marched rig ht wis e roun d it a n d ,

the n dropped their treasure in the tan k a n d climbed ,

back to the terrace Next day there was a great outcry

.
 ’
298 THE GOBLIN S GIFT
an d me n said Treasure has been stolen from the palace
,
“
.

The ki n g preten di n g ign oran ce summoned the B odhis a t t a

a n d said F ri e n d much valuable treasure has bee n stole n
, ,
”
from the pala ce : we must trace it My lord for on e .
“
,

who is able to fol l o w the traces of robbers a n d recover

treasure stole n twelve years ago there is n othi n g mar ,

ve l lon s in his recoveri n g stolen propert y aft er a s in gle day

”
a n d n igh t I will recover it ; do n ot be troubled
. Then
”
re cover it frie n d Very well my lord he said a n d
, .
“
, , ,

we n t a n d saluti n g his mother s memory he repeated the ’

spell still stan di n g on the terrace a n d said My lord the

, , ,
“
,

steps o f two thieves are to be seen A n d fo l lowi n g in .

the steps of the ki n g a n d the priest he e n tered the royal

closet a n d issui n g then ce he descen ded from the terrace
, ,

a n d after thri ce maki n g a circuit of the pa l ace he drew

n ear the wall Stan din g on it he said My l ord starti n g “

.
, ,

in this pla ce from the wall I see footsteps in the air : bri n g
me a ladder A n d havi n g had a ladder placed for him
.

agai n st the wal l he des ce n ded by it a n d stil l followi n g in

, ,

their tra ck he came to the Hall of Justi ce The n return .

in g to the pala ce he had the ladder plan ted agai n st the

wa l l a n d des cen din g by it he came t o the tan k Goi n g
, .

t hrice rig ht wi se roun d it he said My lord the thieves “

, ,

we n t down i n to this tan k a n d taki n g out the treasure as , ,

if he had deposited it there himself he gave it t o the ki n g ,

a n d said My lord these t wo thieves are m e n of dis

,
“
,

”
ti n ctio n : by this way they climbed up i n to the palace .

The people s n apped their fin gers in a high state of

delight a n d there was a great wavi n g of cloths The
, .

ki n g thought This youth methi n ks by fol l owi n g in their

,
“
, ,

steps k n ows the place where the thieves put the treasure ,

”
but the thieves he can n ot cat ch The n he said You at .
,
“

o n ce brought us the property carried off by the thieves ,

3 00 THE GOBLIN S G I FT ’

si n ki n g in the water : give me j ust on e son g a n d I will ,

earn my living by it she Spoke thi s stan za : ,

O P a t a l a b y G a n g e s s we p t a w a y
, ,

F a m ou s i n da n ce a n d s k i ll e d i n rou n de l a y ,

P a t a l a a ll ha i l ! a s t hou a rt b orn e a l on g
, ,

S i n g m e I p ra y s ome l i t t le s n a t ch of son g
, , .

The n the dan cer Pa t ala said My dear how shall , ,

I give y ou a little so n g ? The water that has been the

salvatio n of the people is kil li n g me a n d he spoke a ,

stan z a
W he re wi t h a re s p ri n k l e d f a i n t in g s ou l s i n p a in ,

I s t ra i g ht a m k i l l e d My re f u g e p ro v e d my b a n e
. .

The B odhisa t t a in explan atio n of this stan za said

Sire eve n a s water is the refuge of the people s o also
, ,

is it with ki n gs If dan ger arises from them who shall

.
,

ave rt that dan ger ? This sire is a secret matter I have , , .

told a story i n telligible t o the wise : un derstan d it sire ,

.

‘
Frien d I u n derstan d n ot a hidden story like this Catch
, .

the thieves a n d bri n g them t o me The n the B o dhis a t t a .

”

said Hear then this sire a n d un derstan d A n d he told

, , , .

yet an other tale .

“
My lord formerly in a vi llage outside the city gates
,

of Be n ares a potter used to fetch clay for his pottery

, ,

a n d co n stan tly getti n g it in the same place he dug a deep

pit i n side a mou n tai n cave N ow on e day whi l e he was

-
.

getti n g the clay a n un seaso n able storm cloud S pra n g up

,
-

a n d let fall a heavy rai n a n d the flood overwhelmed a n d ,

threw down the side of the pit a n d the man s head was
’

broke n by it Loudly lame n ti n g he spoke this stan z a

.

T ha t b y w hi ch s e e ds do g row , m a n t o s u st a i n ,
H a s cru she d my he a d M y re f u g e ro e d m y b
. p v ane .

eve n as the mighty earth sire which is the refuge

F or , ,

the peop l e broke the potter s head eve n s o whe n a

’

of , ,
 ’
THE GOBLIN S GIFT 301

ki n g who like the mighty earth is the refuge of the whole

,

world rises up and plays the thi ef who shall avert the
, ,

dan ger ? C a n you sire recogn ise the thief hidde n u n der
, ,

”
the guise of this story ? Frie n d we do n ot wan t a n y “
,

hidde n mean i n g Say Here is the thi ef a n d catch him

.
,
‘
,
’

”
a n d han d him over t o me .

S till shieldi n g the ki n g a n d wi thout sayi n g in words ,

Thou art the thief he told yet an other story ,

.

’
I n thi s very city sire a certai n man s house was on fire
, , .

He ordered an other ma n to go i n to the house a n d bri n g

ou t his property When this m a n had e n tered the house
.

a n d was bri n gi n g o u t his goods the door was shut Bli n ded ,
.

with smoke a n d u n able t o fin d his way out a n d tormen ted

by the risin g flame he remai n ed i n side lamenti n g a n d ,

sp oke this stan za

Tha t w hi ch de s t roy s t he col d a n d p a rche s g ra i n , ,

C on su me s m y l i mb s M y re f u g e p rov e s my b a n e . .

A ma n O ki n g who like fire was the refu ge of the

, ,

people stole the bun dle of j ewels Do n ot ask me about

, .

” ”
the thief .Frie n d j ust brin g me the thi ef Without
“
, .

telli n g the ki n g that he was a thief he told yet an other ,

story .

O n ce sire in this very city a man ate to excess a n d

, ,

was un able t o digest his food Madde n ed with pain a n d .

lamen tin g he spoke thi s stan za

F ood on w hi ch cou n t l e ss b ra hm in s l if e s u s t a i n
K i ll e d m e ou t ri g ht My re fu g e p rov e d my b a n e . .

O n e who like rice sire was the refuge of the people

, , , ,

stole the property Whe n that is recovered why ask .

,

about the thief ? Frie n d if you ca n bri n g me t he thie f

”
, , .
”

To make the ki n g comprehe n d he told yet an other story , .

Formerl y sire in this very city a wi n d arose a n d broke

, ,
’
a certai n man s limbs Lamen ti n g he spoke this stan za : .
302 THE GOBLIN S GIFT ’

W in d t ha t i n J une wi s e m e n b y p ra y e r w ou l d g a in ,

l i mb s dot h b re a k My
My . re f u g e p rov e d m y b a n e .

Thus sire did dan ger arise from his refu ge U n der
, , .

”
stan d this story Frien d bri n g me the thief To make
.
“
, .

the ki n g u n ders t an d he told him yet an other story

, .

“
O n ce upo n a time sire on the side of the Himalayas , ,

grew a tree with forked bran ches the dwelli n g pla ce of ,

-

coun tl ess birds Two of its boughs rubbed agai n st on e

.

an other He n ce arose smoke a n d sparks of fire were let

.
,

fal l O n seei n g thi s the chief bird uttered this stan za

.

F l a me i s su e s f rom t he t re e w he re w e ha v e l a i n
S ca t t e r y e b i rds Ou r re fu g e p ro v e s ou r b a n e
. .

F o r j ust as sire the tree is the refuge of birds so is

, , ,

the ki n g the refu ge of his people Should he play the .

”
thief who shall avert the dan ger ? Take n ote of this sire
, ,
.

“
Frie n d o n ly bri n g me the thief
,
Then he to l d the kin g .

yet a n other story .

I n a village of Be n ares sire o n the western side of a , ,

ge n t l eman s house w as a river fu ll of savage crocodiles

’

a n d i n this family was a n o n ly s on who o n the death of ,

his father watched over his mother His mother again st .

his wi ll brought home a gen tleman s daughter as his wife ’

.

At first she shewed a ffe ctio n for her mother ih law but - -

aft erwards when blest wi th n umerous so n s a n d daughters

of her own she wished to get rid of her Her own mother
,
.

also l ived in the same house I n her husban d s presen ce

’
.

she foun d al l man n er o f faul t with her mother in l aw to - -

prej udice him agai n st her sayi n g I can n ot possibly , ,

support your mother : you must kill her A n d whe n he .

an swered Murder is a serious matter : how am I to ki ll

,
“

her ? she said Whe n s he ha s fall en asleep we wi l l take

”
, ,

her bed a n d all a n d throw her i n to the cro codi le river

, , .

”
Then the cro codi l es will make a n e n d of her An d .
“
3 04 THE GOBLIN S GIFT ’

n o Yakkha ; come we wi l l e n j oy this treasure together , .

H ow is this to be be l ieved ?
”
“
Place your to n gue on my “

to n gue He did s o a n d she bit a piece off his to n gue

.
,

a n d let it drop to the grou n d The devil do ctor thought .

-

,
”
“
This is certai n ly a Yakkha a n d he cried al oud a n d fled ,

away with the blood drippi n g from his to n gue Next

, .

day the ol d woman put on a clean u n dergarme n t a n d took

the bun d l e of al l sorts of j ewels a n d we n t home The .

daughter in law on seei n g her asked Where mother did

- -

,
“
, ,
”

y o u get this ? My dear all that are bur n ed on a ,

woode n pi l e in this cemetery receive the same My “

”
dear mother ca n I too get t his ? , I f you be come l ike
”
me y ou w ill
,
So without sayi n g a word to her husban d
.
,

in her desire for a l ot of orn ame n ts t o wear she we n t ,

there a n d burn ed herself Her husban d n ext day missed .

her a n d said My dear mother at this time of day is

,
“

n ot your daughter in law comi n g ? Then s he reproa ched - -

him sayi n g Fie ! y ou bad m a n how do the dead come

,
“
,

back ? A n d she uttered this stan z a

”

A ma ide n fa ir, wi t h w re a t h u p on he r he a d,
F ra g ra n t w i t h sa n da l oi l , byme w a s l e d
A ha pp y b ride w i t hi n my home t o re i g n
S he dro ve m e f ort h . My re f u g e p rov e d my b ane .

As the daughter in law sire is to the mother in law - -

, ,
- -

s o is the ki n g a refuge t o his peop l e If dan ger arises .

”
then ce what ca n on e do ? take n ote of this sire
,
Frien d ,
.
“
,

I do n ot u n derstan d the thin gs you tell me ; o n l y bri n g

”
me the thief He thought I will shield the ki n g a n d
.
,
“
,

he told yet an other story .

Of ol d sire in this very city a m a n in an swer to his

, ,

prayer had a s on A t his birth the father was full of j oy.

a n d g l ad n ess at the thought of havi n g got a s o n and ,

cherished him Whe n t he boy was grown up he wedded

.
,
 ’
THE GOBLIN S GIFT 305

him to a wife a n d by a n d by he himself grew old a n d

,

co u ld n ot un dertake a n y work S o his s on said Y ou .

,
“

”
can n ot do a n y work : y ou must g o from he n ce a n d he ,

drove him out of the house With great difli cu l t y he .

kept himself alive on alms a n d lamen ti n g he uttered this ,

stan za
H e for w ho se b irt h I l on g e d n or l on g e d i n v a in , ,

D ri v e s me from hom e M y re f u g e p rov e d m y b a n e . .

Just as a n aged father s ire ought to be cared for by , ,

an able bodied son so too ought all the people t o be

-

protected by the ki n g a n d this dan ger n ow presen t has ,

arisen from the ki n g who is the guardian of all me n Kn ow

, .
,

sire from this fact that the thief is so a n d so

,
I do n ot .

understan d this be it fact or n o fact : either bri n g me the

,

”
thief or you yourself must be the thief
, Thus did the .

ki n g agai n a n d again question the youth So he said t o .

him Would you sire real l y like t he thief to be caught

,
“
, ,

” “
Y e s frie n d Then I will proclaim it in the midst of
“
.
,

the assembly S o a n d So is the thief , D o so frien d ,

“
, .
”

O n heari n g his words he thought This ki n g does n ot “

,

”
allow me t o shield him : I will n ow catch the thie f An d .

when the people had gathered together he addressed ,

them a nd spoke these stan zas :

L e t t ow n a n d cou n t ry fol k a s s e mb l e d a ll g i v e e a r ,

L o ! w a t e r i s a b la z e F rom s a f e t y com e t h f e a r
. .

The p l u n de re d re a l m m a y w e l l of k i n g a n d p ri e s t com p l a i n ;
H e n ce fort h p rot e ct y ou rs e l v e s Y ou r re f u g e p rov e s y ou r b a n e
. .

Whe n they heard what he said the people thought , ,

The ki n g though he ought t o have protected others

, ,

threw the blame on an other Aft er he had with his own .

hands p l aced his treasure in the tan k he wen t about ,

lookin g for t he thie f That he may n ot in fu ture g o on .

playi n g the part of a thief we will kill this wicked kin g , .

F . T . 20
306 THE WI S E GOAT AND THE JACKAL
S o they rose up with sticks a n d clubs in their han ds a n d ,

then a n d there beat the k in g a n d the priest til l they died .

But they sprin kl ed the B odhisa t t a with the ceremo n i al

sprin kli n g a n d set him on the thro n e .

Th t y f t h f m l y kk h f m
e s or o pi d i T i b T
e ed t h b gi i g
a e a a or s an e so e n . . x ii . an ,
e e nn n

of E mplx a r i Si d
e x Cf Cl x t I 2 1 5 F i y hi d F t h t w t l f
. n n . . ous on , . a r n s . or e o a es o

fil i l i g t it d pp 302 —305 f t h f c
a n ra u e, p 3 14
.
,
c . e re e re n e s on . .

THE WI S E GOAT AND THE JACKAL

O n ce upo n a time in the reign of B ra hm a da t t a ki n g ,

of Ben ares man y hun dreds of wild goats dwelt in a

,

moun tai n cave in a w oo ded district on the s l opes of the

-

Himalayas N ot far from their p l ace of abode a j a ckal

.

n amed P u t im a ms a with hi s wife Ve n i lived in a cave .

O n e day as he was ra n gi n g about with his wife he spied ,

those goats a n d thought I must fin d some mean s to ,

“

eat the flesh of these goats a n d by some device he killed ,

a si n gl e goat Both he a n d his wife by feedin g on goat s

’
.

flesh waxed stro n g a n d gross of body Gradually the .

goats were destroye d Amon gst them was a wise she goat -

n amed M e l a m a t a The j ackal though skil ful in devi ces .

co ul d n ot kil l her a n d taki n g coun sel with hi s wife he ,

said My dear all the goats have died ou t We must

, , .

devi se how to eat this she goat Now here is my plan -

. .

Y ou are to go by yourself a n d be come frie n dly with her , ,

a n d when co n fide n ce has sprun g up betwee n y ou I will ,

l ie down a n d prete n d t o be dead The n y ou are to draw .

n i gh to the goat a n d s a y My dear my husban d is dead ‘

.
, ,

a n d I am deso l ate ; ex cept y ou I have n o re l ative : come ,

let us weep a n d lamen t a n d bury his body An d with ,

.
’

these words come a n d bri n g her with y ou The n I wil l .

308 THE WISE GOAT AND THE J A C KAL
On heari n g this the she j ackal spoke the third sta n z a -

You t oo, my l ord

w e re ha rd y wi s e ,
,
l
l
A n d, wi t e s s cre a t u re , ra i s e d y ou r he a d,
S t a ri n g a b ou t w i t h op e n e y e s ,
Thou g h f e i g n i n g t o b e de a d .

But the she j ackal comforted P ut im a ms a a n d said

-

My l ord do n ot vex yourself I will fin d a way to bri n g

, ,

her here agai n a n d whe n she comes be on your guard

, ,

a n d cat ch her The n she sought the goat a n d said

.
”

My frien d your comi n g proved of servi ce to us ; for as

,

soo n as y ou appeared my lord re covered co n s cious n ess , ,

a n d he is n o w alive Come a n d have frien d l y spee ch with

.

him a n d s o sayi n g s he spoke the fift h stan za

,
1

O u r forme r f ri e n ds hi p g oa t on ce more re v i v e , , ,

A n d com e w i t h w e ll fil l e d b ow l t o u s I p ra y -
, ,

M y l ord I t o ok for de a d i s s t ill a l i v e ,

W it h k i n dl y g re e t i n g v i s i t hi m t o da y -
.

The goat thought This wi cked wret ch wan ts to take ,

me in I must n ot a ct l ike a n ope n foe ; I wi ll fin d mean s

.

”
to deceive her a n d she spoke the sixth stan z a
,

O u r f orme r f ri e n dshi p t o re v i v e ,

A w e ll fil l e d b ow l I g l a dl y g i v e
-

W i t h a b ig e s cort I s ha ll come ;
T o f e a s t u s w e ll g o ha s t e n hom e ,
.

The n the she j ackal e n qui red about her followers

-

spoke the seve n th stan za

Wha t k in d of e s cort w il l y ou b ri n g ,
Tha t I a m b i d t o f e a s t y ou w e ll ?
The na me s of a l l re me m b e ri n g

To u s, I p ra y y ou , t rul y t e l l .

The goat spoke the eighth stan za a n d said

A t z
1
t b l gi g t
s an t h St y f t h P t i
a no mit t
e on n o e or o e as s o e d
.
 THE UNGRATE FUL S ON 3 09

H ou n ds 1 G re y F ou r e y e d t oo,
an d Ta n , and -

W it h J a mb u k form my e s cort t ru e :
G o hu rry home , a n d u i ck p re p a re q
F or a ll a b u n da n ce of g ood f a re .

Each of these she added is accompan ied by five , ,

“

hun dred dogs : so I shall appear with a guard of two

thousand dogs If they should n ot fin d food they will .
,

kill a n d eat you a n d your m ate O n heari n g this the .

”

s he j a ckal was so frighte n ed that she thought

-
I have had ,

quite e n ough of her comi n g to us ; I will fin d mean s to

stop her from comi n g a n d she spoke the n i n th stan za : ,

D on t l e a v e y ou r hou s e or e l s e I fe a r ’
,

Y ou r g oods w il l a l l soon di sa pp e a r :

I ll t a k e y ou r g re e t i n g t o my l ord ;
’

a n ot he r word !
’
D on t st ir : n a y , n ot

With these words she ra n in great haste as for her life , ,

and taki n g her lord with her fled away An d they n ever , .

durst come back to that spot .

Th i j a t k is f th m t yp
a P I
a 2 Th A
s o w ith t H t dE r i
e sa e e as . V .
,
e ss ou ea r an a s, n

w h i ch j c k l t wi c t mpt
a a i t th p
a c f ick li wh fi l l y kil l
e e s an a ss n o e re s e n e o a s on , o na s

it. S m ch f b l t h i pp t h v b t he b i f t h j at k Th m l
o e su a e as s a e a rs o a e een as s o e a a . e ora

g iv i b th c k p g d v th v e f th “ ”
en n io a se s s, ee uar o er e a enu s o e s e n se s .

THE UNGRATEFUL S ON
Once upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a was ki n g of ,

Ben ares there was in a family of a certai n village of K a si

,

a n o n ly s on named V a s it t ha k a This ma n supported his .

pare n ts a n d after his mother s death he supported hi s

,
’

?
father as has bee n des cribed in the i n troduction But
1
Maliya an d P in g iya prob a b l y re fe r t o t he c ol ou r of t he dog s ; Ca t u ra k sha , fou r
‘

e y e d,
’
is on e of Ya ma
’
s dog s in t he Rig v e da x . 1 4, 1 0 J a mb u k a is a s pirit in t he t ra in
of Sk an da .

2
c
I n t he in t rodu t ory s t ory t he fa t he r provide s his s on wi t h a wife , who pre t e n ds
t o b e fon d of he r fa t h e r in - -
l a w, b u t se t s him a t v a ria n c e wi t hhe r h us b a n d.
310 THE UNGRATEFUL SON
there is this differen ce Whe n the woman said Look .
‘

,
“

’
there ! that is your father s doi n g ! I am co n stan t l y
beggi n g him n ot to do this a n d that a n d he o n ly gets ,

an gry ! she we n t on My lord your father is fierce a n d ,

“
,

harsh for ever picki n g quarrels A decrepit o l d ma n

,
.

like that torme n ted with disease is boun d to die soo n ;

, ,

a n d I ca n t live in the same house with him He will die

’
.

of himself before man y days are out ; we ll take him t o a ,

cemetery a n d dig a pit throw him in a n d break his head

, ,

with the spade ; a n d whe n he is dead shovel the earth ,

”
upo n him a n d leave him there , At last by di n t of this .
,

di n n i n g in his ears said he Wife to ki l l a m a n is a

, ,
“
,

serious matter : how ca n I do it ? I will tell y ou o f

”

a way quoth she

”
, Say on t he n Well my lord at
.
,
.
, ,

break of day go to the place where your father sleeps ;

,

tell him very l oud that all may hear that a debtor of his
, ,

is in a certai n vil l age that you we n t a n d he would n ot pay

,

you a n d that if he dies the ma n wil l n ever pay at all ; a n d

,

say that you will both drive there together in the morn i n g .

Then at the appoi n ted time get up a n d put the an imals to ,

the cart a n d take hi m in it to the cemetery When you get

, .

there bury him in a pit make a n oise as if you had bee n

, ,

”
robbed woun d a n d wash your head a n d return
, Yes ,
.
“
,

that plan wi l l do said V a s it t ha k a He agreed to her

,
.

proposal a n d g ot the cart ready for the j ourn ey

,
.

Now the m a n had a son a lad of seve n years but wise , ,

a n d clever The l ad overheard what his mother said

. My .

mother thought he is a wi cked woman a n d is tryi n g to

,
”
, ,

persuade father to murder his father I wi l l preve n t my .

father from doi n g this murder He ra n qui ckly a n d lay .

,

down beside his gran dsire V a s it t ha k a at the time sug .

,

“
gested by the wife prepared the cart Come father let
,
.
, ,

us get that debt ! said he a n d p l aced his father in the

”
,
312 THE UNGRATEFUL SON
When the father had thus spoken the wi se lad recited ,

three stan z as on e by way of answer a n d two as a solemn

, ,

utteran ce
I am ha rsh, my fa t he r, n or u n k in d
n ot

N a y , I re g a rd t he e wi t h a f ri e n dl y m in d
B u t t hi s t hou dos t , t hi s a ct of si n , t hy son
W ill ha v e n o st re n g t h t o u n do a g a i n , on ce don e .

W hos o ,
Va si tt ha , hu rt s w i t h il l i n t e n t
H i s m ot he r or hi s f a t he r, i n n oce n t ,
H e , w he n t he b ody i s di ssol ve d ,
s ha l l be
I n he l l f or hi s nex t l if e un dou b t e dl y .

Whoso wi t h m e a t a n d drin k , Va s i t t ha , s ha ll
H i s mot he r or hi s f a t he r fe e d Wi t ha l ,
H e , w he n t he b ody i s di s s olv e d, sha ll b e
I n he a v e n f or hi s n e x t l ife u n dou b t e dl y .

The father after heari n g his

, s on thus disco u rse ,

repeated the eighth stan za

Thou a rt no he a rt l e s s i n g ra t e , s on ,
I se e ,

But k in dl y
he a rt e d, O my son , t o m e ;
-

’
T w a s i n ob e die n ce t o t hy mot he r s w ord
’

I t hou g ht t o do t hi s horrid de e d a b horre d .

S aid the lad whe n he heard this

, Father wome n , , ,

when a wro n g is do n e a n d they are n o t rebuked again ,

a n d again commit s in You must be n d my mother that

.
,
”
she may n ever again do such a deed as thi s An d he .

repeated the n in th stan za

T ha t w i fe of y ou rs , t ha t il l con di t i on e d da me , -

M y m ot he r, she t ha t b rou g ht m e f ort h— t ha t s a me ,

Le t us f rom ou t ou r ll
dw e i n g f a r ex pel ,

L e st s he w ork ot he r w oe on t he e as we ll .

H eari n g the words of his wise son wel l pleased was ,

V a sit t ha k a a n d sayi n g
,
Let u s go my s on ! b e seated
, ,

himself in the cart with s on a n d father a n d set off:

Now the woman too this si n n er was happy at heart ;
, ,
 THE UNGRATEFUL S ON 313

for thought she this ill luck is ou t of the house n ow S he

, ,
-
.

plastered the place with wet cowdu n g a n d cooked a mess ,

of rice porridge But as she sat watchin g the road by .

whi ch they would return s he espied them comin g There ,

.

”
he is back with ol d ill luck agai n ! thought she much in
,
-

an ger Fie good for n othin g ! cried she what bri n g

.
,
- -

,
“
,

back the ill luck y ou took away with y ou !

-
V a s it t ha k a
said n ot a word but u n yoked the cart The n said he
,
.
,

“
Wret ch what is that you say ?
, He gave her a soun d
drubbi n g a n d bu n dl ed her head over heels ou t of doors
, ,

biddi n g her n ever darke n his door agai n The n he bathed .

his father a n d his s on a n d took a bath himself a n d the , ,

three of them ate the rice porridge The sin fu l woman .

dwelt for a few days in another house .

The n the s on said to hi s father : Father for a ll this ,

my mother does n ot un derstan d Now l et us try to vex .

her You give out that in such a n d such a village lives a

.

n ie ce of yours who will atte n d upo n your father a n d your

,

s on a n d you ; s o you will go a n d fetch her The n take .

flowers and perfumes s e t off with your cart a n d ride , ,

”
about the coun try all day retu rn i n g in the eve n i n g A n d ,
.

’
s o he did The women in the n eighbo u r s family told
.

hi s wife this H ave you heard said they that your , ,

“

”
husban d has go n e to get an other wife in su ch a place ?
Ah then I am un do n e ! quoth she a n d there is n o
, ,
“

”
place for me left ! But she would e n quire of her s on ; s o
quickly she came to him a n d fell at his feet cryi n g Save , ,

thee I have n o other refuge ! He n cefor ward I wil l te n d

your father a n d gran dsire as I would te n d a beau teous
shri n e ! Give me e n trance i n to this house o n ce more !
“
Yes mother replied the lad if you do n o more as you
, , ,
“

did I will ; be in earn est ! a n d at his father s comin g

,
” ’

he repeated the te n th stan za

314 THE TEN S L AVE~B RET H REN

T ha t w i f e of y ou rs , t ha t ill con di t i on e d da me , -

M y m ot he r, she t ha t b rou g ht m e f ort h,— t ha t sa me

Li e k a l p
t a me d e e ha n t , i n f u l l con t rol ,
L e t he r re t u rn a g a i n , t ha t s i n fu l s ou l .

So said he to his father a n d then we n t a n d su mmon ed ,

his mother She bei n g reco n ciled to her husban d a n d the

.
,

husban d s father was then ceforward tamed a n d e n dued

’

, ,

with righteous n ess a n d wat ched over her husban d a n d his ,

father a n d her son ; a n d these two steadfastl y foll owi n g ,

their son s advi ce gave al ms a n d did good deeds a n d

’

, ,

became destin ed to j oi n the hosts of heaven .

Th i i v i t f fm
s s a t y k
ar an w th H
o a P ti
a S Cl
ous t s or ,
n o n as e ou s s e ar e . ee ous on ,

II 3 7 2 Th g t f l S
. e un J cq d Vit y E mpl (F l k L S
ra e u on a u es e r
’
s x e a o ore oc .
,

no 2 8 8 wi t h b ib l i g ph ic l
.
,
t p 2 60
o ra (D R ) a no e on . . r ous e .

I Jat 4 17 n wif
. t h h b d
a d m th i l w t v i
e se s c Th m t h
er us an an o er -
n -
a a ar an e e o er

i l w i d iv
n -
a sf m h m b t h ch il d
r en ro c t d b y S kk
o e, d t k h
u er re n a re on v e r e a a, an a e er

b ck Of t h t w t l f fi li l i g t it d i Th g bl i
’
a . . e o a es o G if t pp 3 0 2 3 0 4
a n ra u e n e o n s ,
.
,
.

THE TEN SLAVE BRETHREN -

O n ce upo n a time a ki n g n amed M a ha k a m s a reign ed ,

in U t t a ra pa t ha in the Kamsa distri ct in the city of , ,

A s it a fi ja n a He had two so n s Kamsa a n d U pa k a m s a

.
, ,

a n d on e daughter n amed D e v a g a b b ha O n her bi rthday .

the brahmi n s skilled in omen s foretold of her : A s on “

born of this gir l will on e day destroy the coun try a n d the
li n eage of Kamsa The kin g was t o o fo n d of the girl to .

put her to death ; but l eavi n g her brothers to settle it ,

lived his days ou t a n d the n died When he died Kamsa ,

.

be came ki n g a n d U pa k a m s a was vi ceroy They thought

,
.

that there woul d be a n out cry were they to put their sister
to death s o reso l ved to give her in marriage to n o n e but
, ,

to keep her husban dless a n d wat ch ; a n d they buil t a ,

si n gl e roun d tower for he r to live in -

,
.
316 THE TEN S LAVE BRETHREN -

When her ful l time was come she gave birth t o a ,

daughter The brothers on hearin g this were delighted

.
,

a n d gave her the n ame of the Lady A fija n a An d .

they al l otted to them a village for their estate n amed ,

G ova ddha m a n a U pa s a g a ra took D e v a g a b b ha a n d lived

.

with her at the vill age of G ova ddha m a n a .

D e va g a b b ha wa s again with chil d a n d that very day ,

Na n da g opa co n ceived also When their time was come

.
,

they brought forth on the same day D e va g a b b ha a s on ,

a n d N a n da g opa a daughter But D e v a g a b b ha in fear .

,

that her s on might be put t o death se n t him secretly t o ,

N a n da g opa a n d re ceived Na n da g O pa s daughter in return

,
’
.

”
They told the brothers of the birt h S on or daughter ?
“
.

they asked . Daughter was the rep l y

“
The n see that
, .

it is reared said the brothers I n the same way Deva

,
.

g a b b ha bore t e n son s a n d N a n da g opa t e n daughte rs

,
.

The son s lived with Na n da g Opa a n d the daughters with

D e v a g a b b ha a n d n ot a soul kn ew the secret
, .

The eldest s on of D e v a g a b b ha was n amed V a sudeva ,

the secon d B a l a de v a the t hird C a n da de va the fourth

, ,

S u riy a de v a the fifth A g g i de v a the sixth V a ru n a de v a

, , ,

the seve n th Ajju n a the eighth P a jju n a the n i n th Ghata

, ,

pan dita the te n th A mk u ra They were wel l kn own as

, .

the so n s of An dha k a v e n hu the servitor the Te n Slave ,

Brethren .

I n course of time they grew big a n d bei n g very stro n g , ,

a n d Wi thal fier ce a n d fero cious they we n t about plu n der ,

in g they eve n we n t so far as to plu n der a prese n t bei n g

,

co n veyed to the kin g The people came crowdi n g in the

.

ki n g s court yard complai n i n g A n dha k a v e n hu s son s the

’

, ,
“ ’

”
T e n Brethre n are plun deri n g the lan d !
, So the ki n g
summo n ed An dha k a v e n hu a n d rebuked him for per ,

mittin g his so n s to p l un der I n the same way complai n t .

 THE TEN SLAVE BRETHREN -
317

was made three or four times a n d the kin g threate n ed ,

him He bei n g in fear of his life craved the boon of safety

.

from the ki n g a n d told the secret that ho w these were n o

, ,

so n s o f his but of U pa s a g a ra The ki n g was alarmed

,
. .

H ow ca n we get hold of them ? he asked hi s courtiers

”
.

They replied S ire they are wrestlers L et us hold a

, ,
.

wrestlin g match in the city a n d whe n they e n ter the rin g ,

”
we will catch them a n d put them to death S o they .

sen t for two wrestlers C a n ura a n d M u t t hik a a n d caused , ,

proclamatio n to be made throughout the city by beat of

drum that on the seve n th day there would be a wrestlin g
,

mat ch .

The wre st l mg ri n g was prepared in fro n t of the ki n g s ’

gate ; there was a n e n closure for the games the ri n g was ,

decked out gaily the flags of victory were ready tied, .

The whole city was in a whirl ; l in e over lin e rose the

seats tier above tier C a n ura a n d Mu t t hik a we n t down
,
.

i n to the ri n g a n d strutted about j u mpi n g shouti n g

, , , ,

clappi n g their han ds The T e n Brethre n came too On . .

their way they plun dered the wa she rm e n s street a n d clad ’

themselves in robes of bright colours a n d stealin g perfume ,

from the perfumers shops a n d wreaths of flowers from ’

the florists with their bo di es all an oi n ted garlan ds upo n

, ,

their heads earri n gs in their ears they strutted into the

, ,

rin g j umpi n g shoutin g clappi n g their hands

, , , .

At the mome n t C a n ura was walki n g about clappi n g

,

his han ds B a l a de v a seei n g him thought I wo n t touch

.
, , ,
“ ’

y o n fellow with my han d ! so catchi n g up a thi ck strap

from the elephan t stable j umpi n g a n d shouti n g he threw ,

it roun d C a n u ra s belly a n d j oi n i n g the two e n ds together

’

, ,

brought them tight then liftin g hi m u p swun g him rou n d

, ,

over his head a n d dashi n g him on the groun d rolled him

,

outside the arena Whe n C a n ura was dead the ki n g .

,
318 THE TEN SLAVE BRETHREN -

sen t for Mu t thi k a Up got Mu t t hik a j umpi n g shouti n g

.
, , ,

clappi n g his han ds B a l a de v a smote him a n d crushed .

,

in his eyes ; a n d as he cried out I m n o wrestler ! I m

’ ’

n o wrest l er ! B a l a de v a tied his han ds together sayi n g , ,

”
“
Wrestler or n o wrest l er it is all on e to me a n d dashin g , ,

him dow n on the grou n d k il led hi m a n d threw hi m outside ,

the are n a .

M u t t hik a in his death throes uttered a prayer May -

I be come a gobli n a n d devour him ! A n d he became

,

a gob l i n in a forest called by the n ame of K a l a ma t t iy a

, .

The ki n g said Take away the Te n Sl ave Brethre n

, At -
.

that mome n t V a sudeva threw a whe e l whi ch l opped off

,
l
,

the heads of the two b ro t he rs z

The crowd terrified fell .
, ,

at his feet a n d besought him to be their prote ctor

, .

Thus the T e n Brethren havi n g slai n their t wo un cles , ,

assumed the sovereign ty of the city of A sit a fi ja n a a n d ,

brought their pare n ts thither .

They n ow set out i n te n di n g to co n quer a l l I n dia , .

I n a wh i le they arrived at the city of A y ojjha t he seat ,

of ki n g K a l a s e n a This they e n compassed about a n d

.
,

destroyed the j un gle aroun d it brea ched the wal l a n d ,

took the ki n g prison er a n d took the sovereign ty of the ,

p l ace i n to their han ds The n ce they pro ceeded to D va ra .

vat i No w this city had on on e side the s e a a n d on on e

.

the moun tai n s They s a y that the pla ce was gobli n

.

haun ted A goblin would be statio n ed on the wat ch who

.
,

seei n g his e n emies in the shape of a n ass woul d bray as ,

the a ss brays A t o n ce by goblin magi c the who l e city

.
,

used to rise in the air a n d deposit itself on a n isl an d ,

in the midst of the s e a ; when the foe was go n e it would ,

come back a n d settle in its o wn pla ce agai n This time .

,

1
A ki n d of w e a pon , e s pe ci l l y t h
a e we a pon of V is h nu h
in B ra min my t h ol ogy .

2
I . e . t he k in g an d his b ro th er .
320 THE TEN SLAVE BRETHREN -

them a n d lived at D v a ra v a t i dividin g the ki n gdom i n to

, ,

t e n shares But they had forgotte n their sister the Lady

.
,

”
A nj an a So Let us make eleve n shares of it said they
.
,
.

But Amk u ra an swere d Give her my share a n d I wil l ,

“
,

take to some busin ess for a liv in g ; o n l y you must remit

my taxes each in your own coun try They co n sen ted .
,

a n d gave h is share to his sister ; a n d with her they

dwelt in D v a ra v a t i n i n e ki n gs whi l e A mk u ra embarked , ,

in t rade .

I n course of time they were all i n creased with so n s ,

a n d wi th daughters ; a n d aft er a lo n g time had go n e by ,

’
their pare n ts died At that period they s a y that a man s .
,

l ife was twe n ty thousan d years .

The n died on e dearly beloved s on of the great Ki n g

V a sudeva The ki n g half dead with grief n egl e cted
.
, ,

everythi n g a n d lay l amen ti n g a n d clutch in g the frame

, ,

of hi s bed Then G ha t a pa n dit a thought to himself

.
,
’
Ex cept me n o on e else is ab l e to soothe my brother s
,

grief ; I wi l l fin d some mean s of soothin g his grief for

him S o assumin g the appearan ce o f madn ess he pa ced
. ,

through the who l e city gazin g up at the sk y a n d cryi n g , ,

ou t ,
Give me a hare Give me a hare I Al l the city was
excited : G ha t a pa n dit a has go n e mad ! they said Just
“
.

then a cour t ier n amed R ohin e yy a we n t in to the prese n ce ,

o f Ki n g V a sudeva a n d ope n ed a co n versatio n with h ,

i m by
reciti n g the first stan za
B l a ck K a nha ri s e ! w hy cl os e t he e y e s t o s l e e p ? w hy l y i n g t he re ?
l
,

h — s e e , t he w i n ds a w a y hi s wi t do b e a r,
Thi n e own b orn b ro e
t r

A w a y hi s wi s dom ! G ha t a ra ve s ,
t hou of t he l on g b l a ck ha ir !

Up rose the ki n g a n d quick l y came down from his ,

chamber ; a n d proceedi n g to G h a t a pa n dit a he got fast ,

Th c mm t t
1
y t
e hi i toh f mil y m f
en t h ki =
g ( Sk t K ri hn )
a or s a s s s e a na e o e n . s a .

Va d v i c d y m m i g d c d t fV dv ‘ ’
su e a s a se on ar na e, ea n n , es en an o a su e a
 THE TEN S LAVE BRETH REN -
321

hold of him wi th both hands ; an d speaking to him uttered ,

1
the third stan za :
In ma n i a c f a s hi on , why do y ou p a ce D v a ra k a all t hrou g h,
S a y , who i s t he re ha s t a k e n ha re from
“
An d cry , H a re , ha re ! ”
a

y ou ?

To these words of the ki n g he o n ly an swered by ,

repeati n g the same cry over a n d over again But the .

ki n g recited t wo more stan zas

B e i t of g ol d or m a de of j e w e l s fi n e , ,

Or b ra s s or s il v e r a s y ou m a y in cl i n e , , ,

S he ll st on e or cora l I de cl a re , , ,

I ll’
ma k e a ha re .

An d ma n y ot he r ha re s t he re b e , t ha t ra n g e t he w oodl a n d wi de ,
The y s ha ll be b rou g ht , I ll ha v e t he m ca u g ht : sa y , w hi ch do y ou
’

de cide ?

heari n g the ki n g s words the wise ma n replied by

On
’

repeati n g the sixth stan za

I cra v e n o ha re of e a rt hl y k i n d b u t t ha t wi t hi n t he m oon ? ,

0 b ri n g hi m down , 0 R e s a v a ! I a sk n o ot he r b oon !

Undoubtedly my brother has go n e mad thought the ,

king whe n he heard this I n great grief he repeated the

,
.
,

seve n th stan za :
In s oot h, my b rot he r, y ou w il l di e , i f y ou ma k e s u ch a p ra y e r,
An d a sk f or w ha t no ma n p
ma y ra y , t he m oon s ce l e s t i a l ha re
’
.

G ha t a pa n dit a
’
heari n g the ki n g s an swer stood
, on ,

stock still a n d said : My brother you know that if

,
“
,

a ma n prays for the hare in the moon a n d can n ot get ,

it he will die ; the n why do you mourn for your dead s on ?

,

I f K a nha t hi s y ou k n ow a n d ca n con s ol e a n ot he r s w oe
, , ,
’
,

Why a re y ou mou rn i n g st ill t he son w ho di e d so l on g a g o ? ”

Then he we n t on stan di n g there in the street An d

,

I brother pray on ly for what exists but y ou are mourn ing

, , ,

1
A st a n z a ve rsifyin g t he pre iou s v se n t e n c e an d n ot pa rt of t he t a l e is o mit t e d .

2
Se e n ot e , p 229
. .

F & T
. .
322 TH E TEN S LAVE BRETHREN -

for what does n ot exist The n he i n structed him by .

repeati n g two more stan zas

My son i s b orn , l e t hi m n ot di e ! N or ma n n or de i t y
C a n ha v e t ha t b oon ; t he n w he re fore p ra y f or w ha t ca n n e ve r be ?

N or my st i c cha rm , n or ma g ic he rb s , n or m on e y s p e n t ,
root s , n or

C a n b ri n g t o l i f e a g a in t ha t g hos t w hom , K a n ha , y ou l a me n t .

The ki n g on heari n g this an swered Your remi n der

, , ,
“

was good dear on e , You did it to take away my .

trouble The n in praise of G ha t a pa n dit a he repeated

.
”

four stan zas

Me n ha d I w i s e a n d e x ce ll e n t t o g i v e me g ood a d v i ce
,

B u t how ha t h G ha t a pa ndi t a p
o en ed t hi s da y m in e e ye s !

B la z in g wa s I, as w he n a ma n p ou rs oil u p on a fire ;
T hou dids t b ri n g w a t e r, a n d dids t qu e n ch t he p a i n of my de s ire .

G ri e f f or my s on , a cru e l s ha f t w a s l odg e d w i t hi n my he a rt ;
Thou ha s t con s o e d l me f or my g ri e f , an d ta ken ou t t he da rt .

T ha t da rt e x t ra ct e d , fre e f rom p a in ,
t ra n qu i l ,
an d ca l m I ke e p ;
H e a ri n g , 0 y ou t h, t hy w ords of t ru t h, no more I g ri e e v n or we e p .

In this man n er wa s V a sudeva co n soled by Pri n ce

Ghata .

After the l apse o f a lo n g time duri n g whi ch he ruled ,

his ki n gdom the so n s of the t e n brethre n thought : They

,
“

s a y that K a n ha di pa y a n a is possessed o f the divi n e eye Let .

”
us put him to the test So they procured a yo un g lad .
,

a n d drest him up a n d by bi n di n g a pi ll ow about his bel l y

, ,

made it appear as though he were with child The n they .

brought him i n to his presen ce a n d asked him To what , , ,

1
sir wi l l this girl give birth ?
,
The as cetic perceived that
the time was come for the destructio n of the t e n royal
1
brothers ; then l ooki n g to s e e what the term o f his own
,

life should be he perceived that he must die that very

,

day The n he said Youn g sirs what is this m a n to y ou ?

.
,
“
,

1
I . e . b y his mira c lo vi i
u us s on .
324 THE TEN SLAVE BRETHREN -

had been born havi n g become ac cordi n g to his prayer

,

a gobli n Whe n he perceived the comi n g of B a l a de v a

.
,

he created a village in that spot ; a n d taki n g the semblan ce

of a wrestler he we n t j u m pi n g about a n d shoutin g Who s “ ’

, , ,
”
for a fight ? s n appin g his fi n gers the while B a l a de v a .
,

as soo n as he s a w him said Brother I ll try a fal l with , ,

“
,
’

t hi s fellow V a sudeva tried a n d tried hi s best to preven t

.

hi m ; but dow n he g ot from the chariot a n d we n t up to ,

him sn appi n g hi s fin gers The other j ust seized him in

,
.

the hollow of his han d a n d gobbled hi m up like a radish ,

bulb V a sudeva perceivi n g that he was dead wen t on all

.
, ,

n i ght lo n g with his sister a n d the priest a n d at su n rise ,

arrived at a fro n tier village He lay do wn in the shelter .

of a bush a n d se n t his sister a n d the priest i n to the

,

village with orders to cook some food a n d bri n g it to him

, .

A hun tsman (his n ame was J a ra or Old A ge ) n oti ced the ,

bush shaki n g A pig sure e n ough thought he ; he

.
“
, ,

threw a spear a n d pier ced his feet , Who has wou n ded .

me ? cried ou t V a sudeva The hun tsman fi n din g that .

,

he had woun ded a m a n s e t off run n i n g in terror The , .

kin g recoveri n g his wits got up a n d cal l ed the hu n tsman

, , ,

' ”
“
U n cle come here do n t be a fi a id
, Whe n he came ,
’

”
Who are y ou ? asked Va sudeva My n ame is J a ra .
,

my lord Ah thought the ki n g

.
“
whom O l d Age
, ,

woun ds will die s o the an cie n ts used to say Without

, .

doubt I must die to day The n he said Fear n ot

-
.
, ,

Un cle ; come bi n d up my wou n d , The mouth of the .

woun d boun d up the ki n g l et him go Great pai n s came

, .

upo n him ; he coul d n ot eat the food that the others

brought The n addressi n g himself t o the others Va sudeva
.
,

said : This day I am to di e You are delicate creatures .

,

a n d wil l n ever be able t o lear n a n ythi n g else for a

”
livi n g ; so learn this scie n ce from me S o sayi n g he .
,
 RAMA AND S I TA 325

taught them a scie n ce a n d let them go ; and the n died ,

immediately .

Thus excepting the lady A nj an a they perished every ,

on e it is said , .

A v i f t h t l which b c m t h l g d f Vi h
e rs on o ig ht h v t
e a e e a e e e en o s nu s e
’
a a ar a s

K i h rs g iv m t f ll y i t h B hag
n a, t P
en dn 24 S
os l Vi h u n e a va a ur a 1x . . ee a so s nu

P a n Iv 1 5 d mm y i D w Cl D i t f H i d M y th l L d
’
ur a .
,
an a su ar n o s on s a ss . e . o n u o on on ,
,

1 87 9 I t h b h mi v
. i nth h b d f D v ki ( = D
e ra
g b b ha ) i V n d v e rs on e us an o e a e va a s a su e a:

an d hi K i h ( K nh ) h t h pit h t Va d v
=s son rs i t h j at k
na K m a a as e e e su e a as n e a a . a sa

i th c
s i f D v ki
e dl
ou s n oi g t h t h will l hi l if t he gh a h kil l
,
an e a rn n a e os e s e rou a s on e s

a ll h ch il d er t il t h v t h B l am ( = B l d v ) d K i h t h ig h t h
re n , u n e se en a a r -
a a a -
e a an rs na e e

mi c l v d Th mb y f K i h i t f d t Y da wif ’

a re ly p ra u ou s re se r e . e e r o o rs na s ra n s e rre o a so ,
e

o f N d t h c wh d (N d g pa ) b t K m
an a e d ov y v ig er i f t t b an a o ,
u a sa or e rs e er orou s n an o e

p t t d th
u N d fl
o d ea K i h . Th i h ban c mp d wi t h
a ees an re a rs rs na . s as een o a re

H d
e ro l g ht f th i
’
s s au c t Th w t l i g —m t ch f K i h
er o d hi b t he nno en s . e re s n a o r s na an s ro er

wit h C a nu d M st ik i g v t l gth i Vi h P v 20 O f K i h ’
ra a n u a s i en a en n s n u ur . . . ne o r s na s

son s w P dy m =
( P jj
as b th
ra i t h j at k )
u Th m t
na l d t ct i a una, a ro er n e a a . e u ua e s ru on

o f t h ch i f c e d b y th k pl t i t h j a t k i d i t h H i d l g d t
e s, a u se e e ra a an n e a a, s ue n e n u e en o

K i h p h ib it i f wi H p mit it t b d k f d y d d k
’
rs na s ro on o ne . e er s o e ru n or on e a ,
an a ru n en

b wlra i w h i ch m t f t h m p i h Th i v
e n su e s n i i f d t i J at 5 12 os o e er s . s e rs on s re e rre o n .
,

p 393
. Th d t h f K i h. i th m i b th t l
e ea I B dd h g h h
o rs na s e sa e n o a es . n u a os a x x v1 .

th l g d i w k d i t t h hi t y f B ddh f mil y Th i c f i i th
’
e e en s or e n o e s or o u a s a . e re s on us on n e

na m A dh k e nh It c n p d t A dh ri hni f t h P
a a ve u wh
. it i orre s on s o n av s o e u ra n a s , e re s a

f K i h d c d t f A dh ( A dh k ) d Vri hni t w c t ”
t it l e o rs n a, es en f an o n a or n a a an s ,
o an e s ors o

K i h rs cc di g t hi
na l b i t h F t h b gi i g f t h t y D R
a or n o s re a r . or e e nn n o e s or r ou se

c mpo th t y f Da re s e s or o anae .

RAMA AND SITA

O n ce upo n a time a t Be n ares a great ki n g named , ,

D a sa ra t ha ren ou n ced the ways of evil a n d reign ed in ,

righteousn ess Of his sixtee n thousan d wives the eldest .

,

a n d quee n co n sort bore him t wo so n s a n d a daughter ; -

the elder s on was n amed R a ma pan dita or R a ma the -

,

Wise the seco n d was n amed Pri n ce L a k k ha n a or Lu cky

, , ,

1
a n d the daughter s n ame was the Lady S i t a
’
.

Th m m
1 f w h w e c ll d cc di g t b hmi l g d
na e eans a urro s e a s so a e ,
a or n o ra n e en ,

b c e h p g f m
a u se f w wh ich ki g J
s k m d i pl g h i g f
e s ra n ro a urro n ana a a e n ou n or a

sac ific t b t i p g y Th t l i
r e d bt l b
o o ti f m p imit iv
a n ro e n . e a e s no ou an e a ora on o a ore r e

i de a .
326 R AMA AND S I TA
In ourse of time the quee n con sort died At her
c ,
-
.

death the ki n g was for a lo n g time crushed by sorrow but ,

urged by his courtiers he performed her obsequies a n d ,

set an other in her place as queen con sort She was dear -
.

to the ki n g a n d beloved I n time she also co n ceived a n d .

,

al l due atte n tio n havin g bee n g iven her she brought forth ,

a s on a n d they n amed him Pri n ce Bharata

, .

The ki n g loved his s on much a n d said to the quee n , ,

Lady I o ffer y ou a boo n : choose

, S he accepted the .

o ffer but put it off for the time When the lad was seven
, .

years old she wen t to the ki n g a n d said to him My lord

, , ,
“
,

y o u promised a boo n for my s on Will y o u give it me .

n ow ?
”
Choose lady said he
“
My lord quoth she
, , .
,
”
,

“
give my s on the ki n gdom The ki n g s n a pt his fi n gers .

”
at her ; Out vile j ade ! said he a n gri l y my other two
, ,
“

so n s shi n e like blazi n g fires ; would you kill them a n d ask ,

the ki n gdom fo r a s on of yours ? She fled in terror to

her magn i ficen t chamber a n d on other days agai n a n d ,

agai n asked the kin g the same The ki n g would n ot give .

her this gift He thou ght withi n himself : Wome n are

.
“

un grateful a n d trea chero u s This woman might use a .

forged letter or a treacherous bribe to get my so n s

murdered So he sen t for his so n s a n d told them all
.
,

about it sayi n g : My so n s if y ou live here some mischief

, ,

may befall you Go to some n eighbouri n g ki n gdom or

.

'
,

to the woodlan d a n d when my b o dy is burn t the n retur n

, ,

”
a n d i n herit the ki n gdom whi ch bel o n gs to your family .

Then he summo n ed soothsay ers a n d asked them the ,

l imits of his own l ife They told him he would l ive yet .

twelve years lo n ger Then he said Now my so n s after .

,
“
, ,

twelve years y ou must return a n d uplift the umbrel l a of ,

royal ty They promised a n d after taki n g leave of their

.
,

father we n t forth from the pala ce weepi n g The Lady

, .
328 RAMA AND S I TA
ki n gdom a n d fallin g at his feet alo n g with the courtiers
, ,

burst i n to weepi n g R a ma pan dita n either sorrowed n or

.
-

wept ; he shewed n o chan ge of feelin g When Bharata had .

fin i shed weepin g a n d s a t down towards eveni n g the other

, ,

two return ed with wi ld fruits R a ma pan dita thought .

-

“
These t w o are yo u n g : al l comprehe n sive wisdom like -

min e is n o t theirs If they are told on a sudde n that ou r

‘

father is dead the pai n wi l l be greater than they ca n

,

bear a n d who kn ows but their hearts may break I wi ll

, .

fin d a devi ce to persuade them to go down i n to the water ,

a n d the n te l l them t he n ews Then poi n ti n g ou t t o

.

them a p l a ce in fro n t where there was water he said , ,

Y o u have bee n o u t t oo lo n g : let this be your pe n an ce

o i n to that water a n d sta n d there The n he repeated
g ,
.

a half stan za
-

L e t L a k k ha n a a n d S i t a b ot h i n t o t ha t p on d de s ce n d .

word suffi ced i n to the wa t er they we n t a n d

On e , ,

stood there Then he to l d them the n ews by repeati n g

.

the other half stan za -

B ha ra t a s a y s k i n g D a s a ra t ha s li fe i s a t a n e n d
,
’
.

Whe n they heard the n ews of their father s death they

’

fain ted Agai n he repeated it agai n they fain ted a n d

.
, ,

whe n eve n a third time they fai n ted away the courtiers ,

raised them a n d brought them ou t of the water a n d set ,

them upon dry groun d Whe n they had bee n comforted .

,

they a l l s a t weepi n g a n d waili n g together Then Pri n ce .

Bharata thought : My brother Pri n ce L a k k ha n a a n d my ,

sister the Lady S i t a can n ot restrai n their grief to hear

,

of ou r father s death ; but R a ma pan dita n either wails

’
-

n or weeps I wo n der what ca n the reaso n be that he

.

”
grieves n ot ? I will ask Then he repeated the seco n d
.

stan za aski n g the questio n

,
 RAMA AND S ITA 3 29

S a y b y w ha t p ow e r t hou g ri e ve s t n ot , R a ma , w he n g ri e f s hou d b l e ?
Thou g h i t i s s a i d t hy s ire i s de a d g ri e f ov e rwhe ms n ot t he e ! l
The n R a ma pan dita explai n ed the reaso n of his not
-

grievi n g by sayi n g ,

Whe n ma n ca n n e v e r k e e p a t hi n g t hou g h lou dl y he ma y cry , ,

Why shou l d a w i s e i n t e lli g e n ce t orme n t i t se l f t he re b y ?

T he y ou n g i n y e a rs t he o l de r g row n t he f ool a n d e k e t he wi se
, , , ,

F or ri ch, for p oor on e en d i s s u re : e a ch ma n a mon g t he m di e s .

As s u re as f or t he ri pe n e d f ru i t t he re co me s t he f e a r of f a l l ,

So s u re l y com e s t he f e a r of de a t h t o mort a l s on e an d a ll .

W ho i n t he m orn i n g l i g ht a re se e n b y e ve n in g of t a re g on e ,
An d se e n at e v e n in g t i me , i s g on e b y m orn in g m a n y a on e .

If to a f oo l i n fa t u a t e a b l e s si n g cou ld a ccru e

Whe n he t orm e n t s hi m s e l f wi t h t e a rs , t he wi s e t hi s sa me w ou l d do .

B y t hi s t orm e n t i n g hi ms e l f he w a x e s t hin a n d p a l e ;
of

Thi s ca n n ot b ri n g t he de a d t o l ife , a n d n ot hi n g t e a rs a va il .

E ve n as a b l a z in g
hou s e m a y b e pu t ou t w i t h w a t e r, so
T he s t ron g , t he wi s e , t he i n t e ll i g e n t , w ho w e ll t he s cri p t u re s k n ow,
S ca t t e r t he ir g ri e f l i k e cot t on whe n t he st ormy wi n ds do b l ow .

On e mort a l di e s —t o
k in dre d t i e s horn i s a n ot he r st ra ig ht
E a ch cre a t u re s b l i s s de p e n de n t i s on t i e s a s soci a t e
’
.

The s t ron g m a n t he re fore s k ill e d i n s a cre d t e x t , ,

K e e n con t e m p l a t i n g t hi s w orl d a n d t he n e x t
-
,

K n owi n g t he i r n a t u re , n ot by
g ri e f , any

H ow e v e r g re a t , i n min d a n d he a rt i s v e x t .

So t o my k in dre d I wil l l
g i v e , t he m wil I k e e p a n d fe e d,
A l l t ha t re ma in I wi ll m a in t a i n : s u ch i s t he wi se ma n s de e d
’
.

In these stan zas he explai n ed the Imperman en ce of

thin gs .

Whe n the compan y heard this discourse of R a ma

pan dita illustrati n g the doctrin e of Imperman e n ce they
, ,

lost all their grief Then Pri n ce Bharata saluted R a ma .

pan dita beggi n g him to receive the kin gdom of Ben ares
, .

Brother said R a ma take L a k k ha n a a n d S i t a with y ou

,
”
, ,

a n d admi n ister the ki n gdom yourselves

”
N 0 my lord .
, ,

”
you take it Bro t her my father comman ded me to
.
,
330 RAMA AND SI TA
receive the ki n gdom at the e n d of twelve years If I g o .

now I shal l n ot carry ou t hi s biddi n g After three more

, .

years I wi l l come Who will carry on the govern m e n t .

”

”
al l that time ? You do it I w ill n ot Then u n til .
“

I come these s l ippers shall do it said R a ma a n d doffin g

, , ,

his slippers of straw he gave them to his brother S o .

these three perso n s took the slippers a n d biddin g the ,

wise m a n farewell wen t to Be n ares with their great crowd ,

of followers .

F or three years the slippers ruled the ki n gdom The .

courtiers placed these straw slippers upo n the royal

thro n e whe n they j udged a cause I f the cause were
, .

decided wro n gl y the sl ippers beat upo n ea ch other a n d , ,

at that sign it was exami n ed agai n ; whe n the de cisio n

was right the slippers lay quiet , .

Whe n the three years were over the wise m a n came ,

out of the forest a n d came t o Be n ares a n d e n tered the , ,

park The pri n ces heari n g of his arri val pro ceeded with
.

a great compan y to the park a n d mak i n g S i t a the quee n ,

co n sort gave t o them both the ceremo n i al spri n kli n g

, .

The spri n kli n g thus performed the Great Bei n g stan di n g , ,

in a magn ifi ce n t chariot a n d surroun ded by a vast ,

compan y e n tered the city maki n g a solem n cir cu i t right

, ,

wise ; the n moun ti n g to the great terra ce of his sple n did

pal a ce S u ca n da k a he reign ed there in righteous n ess fo r ,

sixtee n thousan d years a n d the n wen t to swell the hosts ,

of heave n .

Th t y f t h R m y
e s or i wh ich
o p i mit iv f t
e a pp a t b p vd
a n a, n a r e e a u re a e a rs o e re se r e

i th
n e l ti f Ra m
re a d Si t a
on s o b th d i t wi t h t h
a an l b ddh i t as ro er an s s e r, e us u a u s

m difi c t i
o af m ki g
on ch c to B dhi t ta I t h pic t h t h
n on e t y wi t h
a ra er a o sa a . n e e e re e s a

th e g V a l mi k i
sa e d d i g th il Si t a i c
,
i d ff t C yl
an ur n b y Rav e ex e s a rr e o o e on a n a,

an d c v d b y R a m Cf H J c b i D R a may
re o e re p 84 (B
a . . . a o ,
as ana ,
. on n ,

S yl v i Levi gi v C hi
a n b ddh i t v i es a(A l b m K n e se d m wh t u s e rs on u e rn an a ssu e s, a

i l y v y imp b b l t h t t h B ddh i t t f m d S i t f m wi f t i t
“

s s u re er ro a e, a e u s s ra n s or e e: ro e o s s er .

In t h Ch ie v i h i pp n e se d O t h i c id t
e rs on f th
s l ippe f
s su re ss e . n e n en o e s e rs c .
332 THE WICKED S TEP MOTHE R -

quoth she She rose up a n d seized his han ds

”
me ? .
,

”
sayin g Lie on my cou ch !
,
“
Why ? he asked Just “ ”
.
“

u n ti l the ki n g comes she said let us both en j oy the , ,

“

”
bliss of love ! Mother my mother y ou are a n d y ou , ,

have a husban d l ivi n g Such a thin g I have n ever before .

seen that a woman a matro n should break the mora l , ,

law 1n the way of fl e shl y lust How ca n I do such a deed .

”
with you ? Twi ce a n d thrice she besought him a n d ,

when he would n ot said she Then y ou refuse t o do a s , ,

“

I ask ? — I n deed I do refuse

“
The n I wi l l speak to the .
“

ki n g a n d cause you t o be beheaded

, D o a s y ou wi ll .
” “
,

an swered the Great Bei n g ; a n d havi n g shamed her he

left her The n in fear she thought : I f he tell the ki n g
.
“

first there is n o l ife for me ! I must get speech of him

,

first mysel f A ccordi n gly l eavi n g her food un tou ched

.

she do n n ed a soiled robe a n d made n ail s crat ches upo n ,

-

her body ; givi n g orders to her atten dan ts that when the ,

ki n g should ask of the quee n s whereabouts he should be ’

to l d s he was il l she lay down maki n g a prete n ce of i l l n ess

,
.

N o w the ki n g made solem n pro cessio n about the city

rig h t wis e a n d we n t up i n to h
, i s dwe l li n g When he s a w .

”
her n ot he asked Where is the quee n ?
, ,
“
She is i ll “
,

they said He e n tered the state chamber a n d asked her

.
, ,

What is amiss with you l ady ? She made as t hough ,

s he heard n ot h in g Twice a n d yet thrice he asked a n d

.
,

then s he an swered O great ki n g why do you ask Be ,

“ ?
,

sile n t : wome n that have a husban d must be eve n a s I am .

Who ha s a n n oyed y ou ? said he Te ll me qui ckly a n d .

“
,

I wi ll have him beheaded Whom did y ou l eave behin d .

“

you in this city when you we n t away ? ,

Pri n ce Paduma .

A n d he s he we n t on cam e i n to my room a n d I said “

, , , ,

Mv s on do n ot so I am your mother : but s a y what I

, ,

woul d he cried No n e is ki n g here but m e a n d I wi ll take

, , ,
 THE WICKED S TEP MOTHE R -
333

y ou my dwelli n g a n d e n j oy your love ; then he seized

to ,

me by the hair of my head a n d plucked it ou t again a n d ,

again a n d as I would n ot yield to his wi ll he wou n ded

, ,

a n d beat me a n d departed The ki n g made n o i n vesti

, .

a t i on but furious as a serpent commanded his m e n Go

g , , ,

”
a n d bi n d Pri n ce Paduma a n d bri n g him to m e ! They
wen t to his house swarm i n g as it were through the city
, ,

a n d bou n d him a n d beat him bou n d his han ds fast behi n d ,

his back put about his n eck the garlan d of red flowers
, ,

makin g him a co n dem n ed crimi n al a n d led him thither , ,

beati n g him the while It was clear to him that this wa s .

the queen s doi n g a n d as he we n t alo n g he cried out

’

, ,

H o fellows I am n ot on e that has o ffe n ded agai n st the

,

ki n g ! I am i n n oce n t All the city was a bubble with .

-

the n ews : They say the ki n g is goin g to execute Pri n ce

“

Paduma at the biddi n g of a woman ! They flo cked

together they fell at the prin ce s feet lamen ti n g wi th a
,
’

”
great n oise Y ou have n ot deserved this my lord !
,
“
,

At last they brought him before the ki n g At sight of .

him the kin g could n ot restrain what was in his heart and
, ,

“
cried ou t This fellow is n o ki n g but he plays the ki n g
, ,

fin ely ! My s on he is yet he has i n sulted the queen , .

Away with him down with him over the thieves cliff ,
’

”
make a n e n d of him ! But the pri n ce said t o his father ,

“
No such crime lies at my door father Do n ot kill me , .

’ ”
o n a woman s word The ki n g would n ot listen to him
. .

Then all those of the royal seraglio in n umb er s ix

teen thousan d raised a great lamen tat i o n sayin g D ear
, , ,
“

Paduma mighty Pri n ce this deali n g y ou have n ever

, ,

deserved ! An d al l the warrior chiefs a n d great mag

n ates of the lan d a n d all the atte n da n t courtiers cried
, ,

“
My lord ! the pri n ce is a m an of good n ess a n d virtuous
life observes the traditio n s of his race heir to the ki n gdom !
, ,
334 THE W I C K ED STEP MOTHER -

Do not slay him at a woman s word without a hearin g ! ,

”
A ki n g s duty it is t o a ct with all circumspectio n
’
So .

sayin g they repeated seve n stan zas :

,

N o k in g shoul d p u n i sh a n offe n ce a n d he a r n o p l e a s a t a l l , ,

N ot t h rou g hl y s i f t i n g i t hi m s e l f in a l l p oi n t s g re a t a n d s ma ll , ,

The wa rri or chi e f w ho p u n i she s a f a ul t b e f ore he t ri e s ,

Is li e k a ma n b orn b l i n d, w ho e a t s hi s food a ll b on e s an d fl ie s .

W h o p u n i she s t he g u i l t l e s s ,
a n d l e t s g o t he g u il t y , k n ow s

N o more t ha n on e w ho b l i n d u p on a ru g g e d hi g hw a y g oe s .

He w ho a ll t hi s e x a m in e s we ll ,
i n t hi n g s b
g re a t ot h an d s ma ll ,
An d so a d mi n i st e rs , de s e rve s t o b e t he he a d of a ll .

He t ha t w ou d l se t hi ms e l f on hi g h m us t n ot a l l g e n t l e b e -

N or a l l s e v e re - : b u t b ot h t he se t hi n g s p ra ct i s e i n com p a n y .

C on t e mp t t he all -
gent e l w in s, and he t ha t ’
s a l l se -
v e re ha s w ra t h
So of t he p a ir b e w e ll a w a re , a n d ke e p a m i ddl e pa t h .

Mu ch ca n t he a n g ry ma n , 0 ki n g ,
an m u ch t he k n a v e ca n s a y
d
w om a n s sa k e t hy s on t hou m u s t n ot s l a y
’
An d t he re fore for a .

But for all they co ul d s a y in man y ways the courtiers

c ou l d n o t w i n him to do their biddi ng The B o dh isa t t a .

a l s o fo r a l l h i s beseechi n g c ou l d n o t persuade him to , liste n :

,

n ay ,
the ki n g bli n d foo l said
,
A w ay ! dow n with him over
,

”
the thieves cl i ff ! repeati n g the eighth stan za
’

On e s i de t h e w h ol e w or l d s t a n d s m y q u e e n on t he ot he r a ll a l on e ; ,

Ye t h e r I cl e a v e t o ca s t h i m d own t he cli ff a n d g e t y ou g on e !
: ,

At these words n ot on e amo n g the sixtee n thousan d ,

wome n could remai n u n moved whi l e all the popu l a c e ,

stretched o u t their ha n ds a n d t ore their hair with lame

, n ta ,

tio n s The
.
ki n g said Let these but try to
, prevent
“
the
throwin g of thi s fellow over the cli ff ! a n d amidst his
fo ll owers though ,
the c rowd wailed arou n d he caused the .

pri n ce to be seized a n d cast down the precipice o ver ,

heel s head first -

.

The n owi n g to the magi c power due to his practice of

frien dli ess n the deity o f the hi l l comforted the pri n ce ,
336 THE WICKED S TE P MOTHER -

“
Then said the ki n g My s on by me y ou were cast down , ,

a deep precipice a n d how is it you are yet alive ? Aski n g ,

”

which he repeated the n i n th stan za

,

A s i n t o he ll mou t h y ou w e re ca s t ov e r a b e e t l in g hi ll
-
, ,

N o s u ccou r— ma n y p a l m t re e s de e p how a re y ou li vi n g s t ill ? -

:

These are the remai ni n g stan zas a n d of the five take n , ,

altern ately three were spoke n by the B o dhisa t t a a n d t wo

, ,

by the ki n g .

A n a g a mi g ht y f ul l of force b orn on t ha t mou n t a i n l a n d

, , ,

C a u g ht m e wi t hi n hi s coil s ; a n d s o he re s a fe from de a t h I s t a n d .

L o ! I w i ll t a k e y ou b a ck 0 p ri n ce t o my ow n home a g a i n
An d t he re —wha t i s t he w ood t o y ou —w i t h b l e ss i n g y ou s ha ll re ig n
, ,

A s who a hoo k ha s sw a ll ow ed a n d dra w s i t fort h a ll b l ood , ,

D ra wn f ort h i s ha pp y so I s e e i n m e t hi s b l i s s a n d g ood
,
: .

Why s p e a k y ou t hu s a b ou t a hoo k , w hy s pe a k y ou t hu s of g ore ,

Why sp e a k a b ou t t he dra wi n g ou t ? Come t e ll m e , I i m ore pl .

L u s t i s t he hook l p a n d horse b y b l ood I s he w

: fin e e e ha n t s
The s e b y re n o u n ci n g I ha v e dra wn ; t hi s chi e ft a i n y ou mu s t k n ow , , .

Thus O great ki n g to be ki n g is n othi n g to me ; but

, ,

do you see to it that you break n o t the T e n Royal Virtues ,

but forsake ev 1l doi n g a n d rule in righteous n ess -

In , .

those words the Great Bei n g admo n ished the ki n g He .

with weepin g a n d wai l i n g departed a n d on the way t o his ,

city he asked his courtiers : O n whose a ccou n t was it “

that I made a breach with a s on s o virtuous ? they

’ ”
replied The quee n s Her the ki n g cau sed to be seized
,
“
.
,

a n d cast headlo n g over the thieves cliff; a n d e n teri n g his

’

city ruled in righteous n ess .

The t h e me of Sch midt P hv t h ct

a e dra th
an d H ippol y t u s In . x xx 1 . e a ors a re e

wi f d p pil f b h mi
e an u ch o v a I di v i t th L g d
ra n tea er Dr Rou s e gi . e s as n an ar an s e e en

of P M l (MS w i t t
u ra n b y R am G h ib Sh ma Chat
a . id rc ll c t d b y
en ar ar , u rv a y a, o e e

W C k ) dL g d f R p d B
. roo e ,
an t S l d B
e ent I b th f th
o a an a sa n or l an a sa n . n o o e se

th qe f ll i l v wit h h
ueen a t p
s Ja t 12 0 i cl
n t th t y f J
o e
p h er s e -
s on . . s ose r o e s or o os e .

A q c mmit d l t y wit h i t y f f t m
ueen o s a d f il wit h t h f mil y p i t
u er s x -
ou r oo en, an a s e a r es .

Lik P t iph wif h cc him b t h p v hi i c c

’
e o a rs e s e a u se s ,
u e ro e s s nno en e .
 THE LO S T CHARM

O n ce upon a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was ki n g of ,

Be n ares the family of his household priest was destroyed

,

1
by malarial fever O n e s on o n ly broke through the wall .

a n d es caped He came to Ta k k a sil a a n d u n der a world

.
,

re n own ed teacher learn t the Vedas a n d the other arts .

Then he bade his tea cher farewell a n d departed with the , ,

i n te n t to trave l in di ffere n t regions ; a n d on his travels he

arrived at a fro n tier village Near to this was a great .

village of l ow caste C a n da l a s The n the B odhisa t t a abode

-
.

in this village a learn ed sage A charm he knew which

,
.

could make fruit to be gathered out of due seaso n Early .

of a mor n i n g he would take his carryi n g po l e forth from ,

that vil l age he would go un til he reached a man go tree ,

which grew in the forest ; a n d stan din g seven foot off, he

would re cite that charm a n d throw a han dful of water so ,

as to strike on that tree I n a twi n kli n g down fall the .

sere leaves sprout forth the n e w flowers blow a n d flowers

, ,

fall the man go fruits swell

,
o u t : n —
but o e momen t they
are ripe they are sweet a n d l us cious they grow like fruit
, ,

divi n e they drop from the tree ! The Great Bei n g chooses
,

a n d eats such as he wi l l the n fills the baskets hun g from ,

his pole goes home a n d sells the fruit a n d so fi n ds a

, ,

l ivi n g fo r wife a n d chi l d .

N ow the young brahmi n saw the Great Bei n g o ffer ripe

man goes for sale o u t of seaso n Without doubt thought “
‘

.
,

he it must be by virtue of some charm that these are

,
“

1
S o in J a t 1 7 8 . . I t is n ot e w ort hy t h
he re t he sa me me a n s is u se d t o ou t wit
at

t he spirit of dis e a s e a s i s oft e n t a k e n t o ou t wi t t he g h os t s of t he de a d ; who mi h t

g
be s u ppose d to g u a rd t he door, b u t n ot t he pa rt s of t he h ous e wh e re t h e re was n o
ou t l e t .
(Dr Rou se ) .

F . & T .
338 THE LO S T CHARM
grown Thi s ma n ca n tea ch me a charm whi ch has n o
.

price He watched to s e e the man n er in whi ch the Great

.
”

Bein g pro cu red his fruit a n d foun d it out exactly The n , .

’
he we n t to the Great Bei n g s house at the time whe n he
was n o t yet return ed from the forest a n d maki n g as ,

though he kn ew n othin g asked the wise man s wife ,

’

,
”
“
Where is the Teacher ? Quoth she Go n e to the ,
“

”
woods He stood waitin g un til he s a w him come the n
.
,

we n t to him a n d taki n g the po l e a n d baskets from him

, ,

carried them in to the ho u se a n d there s e t them The .

Great Bein g looked at him a n d said to his wife Lady , ,

“
,

thi s youth has come t o get the charm ; but n o charm will
stay with him for n o good m a n is he But the youth
, .

was thi n ki n g I will get the charm by bei n g my teacher s

,
’

servan t a n d s o from that time he did all that was to be

do n e in the house : brought wood poun ded the ri ce did , ,

the cooki n g brought all that was n eeded for washi n g the
,

face washed the feet

,
.

O n e day whe n the Great Bein g said to h im My s on “

, ,

bri n g me a stool to support my feet the youth seei n g n o , ,

other way kept the Great Tea cher s feet on his own thigh
’

al l n i ght Whe n at a later seaso n the Great Bei n g s wife

.
’

brought forth a s on he di d all the servi ce that has t o be ,

do n e at a childb irth The wife said on e day to the Great .

Bei n g —
Husban d this lad well born though he is for , , ,

the charm s sake performs me n i al servi ce for us Let hi m

’
.

have the charm whether it stays with hi m or n o To this , .

he agreed He taught him the charm a n d spoke after

.
,

’
this fashio n : My s on tis a priceless charm ; a n d you
“
,

wil l get great gain a n d ho n our thereby But whe n the .

kin g or his great mi ni ster shall ask you who was your
, ,

teacher do n o t co n ceal my n ame ; for if y ou are ashamed

,

that a l ow caste m a n taught you the charm a n d s a y your

-

,
3 40 THE LO S T CHARM
fruit in the man n er above des cribed : a shower of man goes
fell a very stor m ; the compan y shewed great delight
, ,

wavi n g their kerchiefs ; the kin g ate of the fruit a n d gave ,

him a great reward a n d said Yo un g m a n who taught , ,

“
,

you this charm so marve l lous ? Now thought the youn g

m a n I f I say a low caste ca n d a la taught me I shall be put
,
“
-

to shame a n d they wi l l flout at me ; I k n ow the charm by

,

heart a n d n o w I ca n n ever lose it ; wel l I wi ll s a y it was a

, ,

world re n own ed tea cher

-
So he lied a n d said I learn t .
, ,
“

it at Ta k k a sil a from a teacher re n own ed the wide world

,

over . As he said the words de n yi n g his tea cher that , ,

very i n stan t the charm was go n e But the ki n g greatly .

,

pleased return ed with him i n to the city

, .

O n a n other day the ki n g desired man goes to eat ; a n d

goi n g i n to the park a n d taki n g his seat upo n a sto n e
,

be n ch whi ch was used on state o ccasio n s he bade the

, ,

youth get him man goes The youth wil l i n g e n ough we n t .

, ,

up to a man go tree a n d stan di n g at a distan ce of seve n

,

foot from the tree set about repeati n g the charm ; but
,

the charm would n ot come The n he k n ew tha t he ha d .

lost it a n d stood there ashamed But the ki n g thought

, .
,

Formerly this fellow gave me man goes eve n in the midst

of a crowd a n d like a heavy shower rai n ed the fruit down
, .

No w there he sta n ds l ike a sto ck : what ca n the reason

”
be ? Whi ch he e n quired by repeati n g the first stan za :
Y ou n g s t u de n t , w he n k
I a s e d i t y ou of l a t e ,
You b rou g ht m e m a n g o f ru i t b ot h s ma a n d g re a t ll
N ow n o f ru i t , b ra hmin , on t he t re e a e a rs , pp
Thou g h t he sa me cha rm y ou s t i ll re i t e ra t e .

When he heard this the you n g m a n thought to himself , ,

if he should say this day n o fruit was to be had t he k in g ,

woul d be wroth ; wherefore he thought t o deceive hi m

with a l ie a n d repeated the se co n d stan za
,
 THE L O S T CHARM 3 41

The hou r and mome n t su it n ot : so w a it I

Fit j u n ct ion of t he p la n e t s i n t he sk y .

The du e con j u n ct ion an d t he m ome n t come ,

ll I b rin g y ou ma n g oe s p l e n t e ou sly
The n w i .

” “
What is this the kin g wo n dered ,
The fellow said .

”
n othi n g of pla n etary co n j u n ctio n s before ! To resolve
which questio n s he repeated t wo stan zas ,

You sa i d n o w ord of t i me s an d s e a son s , n or

Of p l a n e t a ry j u n ct ion s he re t ofore :

But m a n g oe s, fra g ra n t , de l i ca t e i n t a st e ,
Of co ou r l fi n e , y ou b rou g ht i n p l e n t e ou s st ore .

Afore t i me , b ra h mi n , y ou p rodu ce d so we ll
F rui t on t he t re e b y mu t t e ri n g of y ou r s p e ll
To -
da y y ou ca n n ot , m u t t e r a s y ou ma y .

Wha t me a n s ll ? t hi s con du ct , I w oul d ha v e y ou t e

Heari n g this the youth thought There is n o deceivi n g

, ,

the ki n g with lies If whe n the truth is told he pun i shes

.
, ,
”
me let him pun ish me : but the truth I will tell Then he .

reci ted two stan zas

A l ow -
m a n my t e a che r w a s , who t a u g ht
ca s t e

D ul y a n d w e ll t he cha rm , a n d how i t wrou g ht

S a y i n g , I f y ou a re a s k e d my n a me a n d b irt h,
“

H i de n ot hi n g , or t he cha rm wi ll come t o n ou g ht ”
.

A s k e d b y t he L ord of M e n , t hou g h w e l l I kn ew ,

Ye t i n de ce i t I sa i d wha t w a s n ot t ru e
“
A b ra hmin ’
s s p e ll s ,
”
I ly i n g s a id ; an d n ow,

l ost my fol ly b it t e rly I ru e

Cha rm , .

This heard the k i n g thought withi n himsel f, Thi s

,
“

si n ful m a n took n o care of such a treasure ! Whe n on e

has a treasure s o pri celess what has birth t o do with it ? ,

An d in an ger he repeated the followi n g sta n zas

N i mb ca st or oil or j u da s t re e wha t e v e r b e t he t re e
, , ,

W he re he who se e k s fi n ds hon e y comb s t i s b e s t of t re e s t hi n k s he ,

’
, .

B e i t K ha t t i y a B ra hmi n Ve s s a he f rom w ho m a ma n l e a rn s rig ht

, , ,

S u dd a C a n dl a a P u k k u s a — s ee m s chi e fe s t i n hi s s i g ht l
.
, ,

1 Th th m
e se a re f i c t
e na K h t iy B ahm
es o s x V isy Sud th f
as e s : s a r a, r an, a a, ra , e ou r

c t f mil i i S k it b k t g t h wit ht w C nda l d P k k sa b ot hmi e d

as e s a ar n ans r oo s, o e er o a a an u a , x
3 42 THE L O S T CHARM
P u ni sh t he w ort hl e ss chu r l , or e v e n sl a y ,

H e n ce ha e l
hi m b y t he t hroa t wi t hou t de l a y ,
W ho ha vi n g g a in e d a t re a su re wi t h g re a t t oil ,
Throw s i t wi t h o v e rw e e n i n g p ri de a w a y !

The ki n g s m e n so did sayi n g Go ba ck to your ’

, ,
“

teacher a n d win his forgive n ess ; the n if y ou ca n learn

, ,

the charm o n ce more y ou may come hither again but if n ot , , ,

n ever more may you set eyes o n this co u n try Thus t he v .

”

ban i shed him .

The ma n was al l forlorn There is n o refuge for me .

,

he thought except my teacher To hi m I will go a n d

, .
,

win hi s pardo n a n d learn the charm agai n , So lamen ti n g .

he we n t on his way to that vil lage The Great Bei n g per .

ce iv e d him com in g a n d poin ted him out to his wife sayi n g , , ,

See lady there comes that scou n drel agai n with his
, , ,

charm lost a n d go n e ! The m a n approa ched the Great ”

Bei n g a n d greeted him a n d sa t on on e side

,
Why are , .

you here ? asked the other ”

O my tea cher ! the m a n .
“

said I uttered a lie a n d de n ied my tea cher a n d I am

,
“
, ,

d
”
utterly r ed a u i n n u do e
n n ! The n he re cited his tran s
re ss ion in a stan za aski n g again fo r the charms
g ,

Oft he w ho t hi n k s t he l e ve l g rou n d i s l y i n g a t hi s f oot ,

F a ll s i n a p ool pi t p re ci p i ce t ri p s on a rot t e n root

, , ,

A n ot he r t re a d s w ha t se e ms a cord, a je t -
b l ac k sn a ke t o fin d
A n ot he r st e ps i n t o t he fire b e ca u s e hi s e y e s a re b l in d
S o I ha ve s i n n e d, a n d l os t my p ll ;
s e b ut y ou , 0 t e a che r w i se ,
F org i e ! v and let me on ce a g a in fin d fa v o u r i n y ou r e y e s !

The n his tea cher rep l ied What s a y you my s on ? Give ,

“
,

but a sign to the b l i n d he goes clear of poo l s a n d what ,

c t
as e s and m ch d pi d M ub t th c tes d t h B ddh i t y t m
se . ore a ou e se a s e s, a n e u s s s e a s con

t d wi t h t h B h mi ic l m y b i R Fic k S i l G l i d g im N 0
’
t
ra s e e ra n a ,
a e se e n n . s oc a e e e ru n . .

B ddh Fi c k d i t h t t h S dd v
’
I di
n en e u Z it K i l 1 8 9 7
u a s e w , l e , . en es a e u as e re e e r a re a

c t (p
as e F
. C n da l p 203 f P kk or p 2 06 b t h i hi
a api i ,
se e . or u us a ,
. o ,
n s o n on ,

n on A y
-
r an b j ct f lm t
su e Th d f t h li t i v
ra ce s, se r s a h ld os . e or e r o e s n ou r e rs e s ou

be t ic d
no Th J a t k
e g iv
. t h Kh t t iy e W i ap c d c v th
a es e a a s, or a rr ors, re e en e o er e

B h mi
ra (D R
ns ). r ous e .
3 44 THE PRINCE S WO OI NG ’

ki n g wishes to have y ou arrested s o save your life The , .

prin ce shewed the courtier charged with this mi ssio n his

o wn sig n et rin g a fin e rug a n d his sword : these three , , .

1
The n he said By these toke n s y ou shal l kn ow my s on
,
“
,

a n d make him ki n g With these words he sped away .

,

in to the forest There he b u il t him a hut in a pleasan t

.

p l ace a n d lived as a n as cetic upo n the ban k of a river

, .

Now in the kin gdom of Madda a n d in the city of ,

S a gal a a daughter w a s born t o the Ki n g of Madda Of

,
.

the girl as of the pri n ce fort u n e tellers foreto l d that she

, ,
-

sho ul d live as a n as cetic but her s on was to be a n ,

un iversal mo n ar ch The Kin gs of I n di a hearin g this .

,

rumour came together wi th on e a ccord a n d surroun ded

, ,

the city The k i n g thought to himself Now if I give

.
,
“
,

my daughter to on e a ll the other ki n gs will be e n raged ,

.

I wi ll try to save her S o with wi fe a n d daughter he fled .

disguised away i n to the forest ; a n d aft er b u ildi n g hi m

a hut some distan ce up the river above the b u t of Pri n ce ,

Ka li nga he lived there as a n as ceti c eati n g what he co u l d

, ,

pi ck up .

The paren ts wishi n g to save their daughter l eft her , ,

behin d in the hut a n d we n t o u t to gather wild fruits ,

.

Whil e they were go n e she gathered flowers of all ki n ds ,

a n d made them in to a fl o we r wreath Now on the ban k -

.

o f the Ga n ges there is a man go tree with beautiful flowers ,

whi ch forms a kin d of n atural l adder Upo n this she .

climbed a n d playin g ma n aged to drop the wreath of

flowers i n to the water ’

.

1
The t ok e n s a re a fa milia r fe a t u re of fol k t a l e s
-
. We ma y c o mpa re t he s t ory of

T h e s e us , w it h hi s fa t h ’
e r s s w ord a n d sa n da l s : P a usa n ia s, i 2 7 8
. . .
( Dr Rou s e
2
A n ot h
fa mil ia r e pis ode in fol t a l e s , b u t of P rot e a n form
er k
I t is ommon l y a
-
. c
h a ir of t he l a dy s
’
e a d t a t fal l s h h
S e e Cl ou s t on , P opu l a r Ta l e s a n d F ict i on s,
. 24 1 I .

(I n dia ) ,
251 (Egypt ) ; N ort h I n di a n N ot es a nd Q u e rie s ,
IL 7 0 4 ; La l B e h a ri Da y,
F ol k Ta l e s of B e n g a l No 4 (Dr R ous e )
,
. . .
 AND THE THRONE OF THE BUDDHAS 3 45

On e day as Pri n ce K a linga was comin g out of the

,

river after a bath thi s fl owe r wreath caught in his hair

,
-
.

He looked at it a n d said S ome woman made this , ,

“
,

and n o ful l grown woman but a ten der youn g girl

-
.

I must make search fo r her S o deeply in love he .

j ourn eyed up the Gan ges un til he heard her si n gi n g in ,

a sweet voice as she sat in the man go tree He a p

,
.

p ro a ch e d the foot of the tree a n d seei n g her said What , , ,

are y ou fair lady ? , I am human sir she replied , ,

”
.

Come down the n quoth he , S ir I can n ot ; I am of

, .
,

the warrior caste S o am I also lady : come do wn !

.
“
,

No n o sir that I can n ot do S ayi n g will n ot make

, , , .

a warrior ; if y ou are so tell me the secrets of that ,

Then they repeated to each other these caste

”
caste .

secrets A n d the pri n cess came down a n d they were

.
,

un i ted on e with the other .

Whe n her pare n ts return ed she told them about thi s

s on of the Ki n g o f K a li nga a n d how he came i n to the ,

forest in all detail They con sen ted to give her to hi m

, . .

Whi le they lived together in happy un i o n the prin cess ,

co n ceived a n d after t e n mo n ths brought forth a s on with

,

the sign s of good luck a n d v irtue ; a n d they n amed him

K a linga He grew up a n d learn t all arts a n d accomplish
.
,

me n ts from his father a n d gran dfather .

At len gth his father kn ew from co n j un ctio n s of the

stars that his brother was dead So he called his s on .
,

a n d said My s on y ou must n ot spe n d your life in the

“
, ,

forest Your father s brother K a linga the Greater is

.
’

, ,

dead ; you must go to D a n t a pu ra a n d re ceive your ,

hereditary ki n gdom Then he gave him the th in gs he .

had brought away with him sign et rug a n d sword sayi n g , , , , ,

My s on in the city of D a n t a pu ra in such a street lives

, , ,

a courtier who is my very good servan t Desce n d i n to hi s .

3 46 THE PRINCE S WOOING ’

house a n d e n ter his bedchamber a n d shew him these ,

three thi n gs a n d tell hi m you are my s on He will place .

y o u upo n the thro n e .

The lad bade farewell t o his paren ts a n d g ran dpare n ts ;

by the magi c power of his vi rtue he passed through the
a ir a n d des ce n din g in to the house of that courtier e n tered
,

his bed chamber Who are y ou ? asked t he other . The ”

.
“

s on of K a li nga the Less said he disclosi n g the three , ,

toke n s The courtier to l d it t o the pal ace a n d all those

.
,

of the court decorated the city a n d Spread the umbre ll a

of royal ty over his head The n the family priest who .

,

was n amed K a l i nga b ha ra dv aja taught him the t e n cere -

,

mo n ies which a n u n iversal mo n arch has to perform a n d ,

he fu lfil led those duties The n on the fifteen th day the .

,

fast day came to him from C a k k a da ha the pre cious

-

Wheel of Empire from the U po sa t ha sto ck the pre ,

ciou s E l ephan t from the royal V a l a h a breed the precious

,

Horse from V e pu l l a the pre cious Jewel ; a n d the

,

1
precious wife reti n ue a n d pri n ce made their appearan ce
, ,
.

Then he achieved sovereign ty in the who l e terrestrial

Sphere .

O n e day surroun ded by a compan y whi ch covered

,

s ix a n d—
-
thirty l eagues a n d moun ted upo n a n elephan t ,

all white tall as a peak of Moun t K e l a s a in great pomp

, ,

a n d Sp l e n dour he we n t t o visit his pare n ts But beyon d .

the circuit arou n d the great b o tree the thro n e of vi ctory -

of all the Buddhas whi ch has become the very n avel of ,

the earth beyo n d this the elephan t was un ab l e t o pass

,

agai n a n d agai n the ki n g urged him on but pass he ,

coul d n o t .

1
F cc t f t h C kh t t i ( iv l m ch ) d t h mi cl t hi
or a n a ou n o e a a va un e rs a on a r ,
an e ra es a s

a pp i
ear n g c l t H dy,
M l 1 2
on su6 ff S l R h y D vidar t h Q ’
ti s a n ua ,
. ee a so s a s on e u es on s

of M li il I
na a p 5
’
9 ( h d,
vo t h l
.
t t w t .
d .
d i ) d e re n e rs e as o re a s u re r an a v se r ,
an

B u d dhi s t S u i t e s, p 2 5 7 . .
(Dr R ou se .
)
3 48 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY
stan di n g in hi s own humble place he extolled the ,

Buddhas a n d praised them , .

The ki n g heari n g the virtues of the Buddhas was, ,

delighted in heart ; a n d he caused all the dwellers in the

worl d to bri n g fragran t wreaths in ple n ty a n d for seve n ,

days he made them do worship at the circu i t of the Great

B o tree
-
.

Havi n g in thi s man n er do n e worship t o the Great

B o tree he visited his pare n ts a n d took them back with
-

, ,

him agai n t o D a n t a pu ra ; where he gave alms a n d did

good deeds un til he was born again in the Heave n of
,

the Thirty Three -

.

h
T is t a l e is s a id to hv a h h
b e e n t ol d b y t he B u dd a w e n An a n da a us e d a fru it of
e c
t he g re a t b o t re e t o b e
-

pl a n t e d a t t he J e t a v a n a mon a s t e ry , s o t a t t he pe o pl e wh
'

o h
h v
wi s e d t o re e re n e t he B u dd c h mig h t pl c
a a e t h e ir offe rin gs th e re w h en he w as
a b se n t .

THE FOLLY OF GARRUL ITY

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hm a da t t a was king of ,

Be n ares his fami l y priest was tawn y brown a n d had lost

,
-

all his teeth His wi fe committed s in with an other brah

.

m in This m a n was j ust like the other The priest tried

. .

times a n d again to restrai n hi s wife but could n ot The n ,

.

he thought This my e n emy I can n ot kill wi th my own

,
“

han ds but I must devise some plan t o kil l him

,
.

So he came before the ki n g a n d said O ki n g your , ,

“
,

city is the chiefest city of a l l I n dia a n d y ou are the chiefest ,

ki n g : but chief ki n g though you are your southern gate ,

is un lucky a n d ill put together , We l l n o w my tea cher .

, ,
”
what is to be do n e ? Y o u must bri n g good l u ck i n to it
a n d s e t it right What is to be do n e ? We must pull
.
”

down the old door get n e w a n d lu cky timbers do sacrifi ce , ,

 THE F OLLY OF GARRULIT Y 3 49

to the spirits that guard the city and set up the n e w on ,

”
a lucky con j un ctio n of the stars S o do the n said .
, ,

the ki n g .

At that time the B odhis a t t a was a you n g ma n n amed ,

Ta k k a riy a who was studyi n g u n der this m a n ,

.

Now the priest caused the ol d gate to be pulled dow n ,

a n d the n e w was made ready ; which do n e he we n t a n d ,

said t o the ki n g The gate is ready my lord to morrow : — ,

“
,

is a n auspi cious conj un ctio n ; before the morrow is over ,

”
we must do sacrifice a n d set up the n e w gate Well my “
,

teacher a n d what is n ecessary for the rite ?

, My lord a ,

great gate is possessed a n d guarded by great divi n ities .

A brahmi n tawn y brown a n d toothless of pure blood on ,

-

both sides must be killed ; his flesh a n d blood must be ,

o ffered in sacrifice a n d his body laid be n eath a n d the ,

gate raised upo n i t This will bri n g luck to y ou a n d .

”
1
your city Very well my tea cher have such a brahmi n
.
“
, ,
”
slai n a n d s e t up the gate upo n him
, .

The priest was delighted T o morrow said he I .

-

, ,
“

”
shall see the ba ck of my e n emy ! Full of e n ergy he
return ed t o his home but could n ot keep a still to n gue ,

in his head a n d said qui ckly to his wife , Ah you foul ,

“
,

hag whom will y ou have n ow to take your pleasure with ?

,

To morrow I shall kill your leman a n d make sacrifice of

-

him Why will you kill a n i n n oce n t m a n ?

.
” “
The ki n g “

has comman ded me to slay a n d sacrifice a tawn y brown -

H m 1
c ific t t h f di g f b il di g t h l ik m t h v b c mm
u a n sa r e a e ou n n o a u n ,
or e e, us a e een o on

i
n ci t t im
an
p i t t
en t h t dit i b t it
e s, s o F I di C
e rs s e n k a re e ra on s a ou . or n a , se e roo e,

I t t P pR l
n r . d 17 L f N I di p 2 3 7
o o . dI d
e . Wh t h H g hl y B idg
a n .
-
. o . n a , . an n ex . en e oo r e

w b il t i C l c t t
as u I m mb n h w it w c mm l y id b y t h
a u a, t ivreth t th e er o as o on sa e na es a e

b il d
u h d imm d m y y
e rs a
g ch il d i th f d ti u re F G c it i an ou n re n n e ou n a on s . or re e e s

a tt t d b y m d
es e f lk g ch t h B idg f A t (P w C m P p G r
o e rn o -
son s su as e r e o r a a s so ,
ar . o . .

no . d wh i ch I l t l y w t d w i C
an on e f m l t dit i (p b li h d i a e ro e o n n os ro ora ra on u s e n

F ll L
e f s
-
Th
ore c ific i m t t p pit i t t h Spi it di t b d b y t h
or e sa r e s ea n o ro a e e r s s ur e e

digg i g S R b t n S mit h R l ig i f t h S mit p 1 58 (D R

. ee o e r s on ) , e on o e e e s, . . r ou se .
3 50 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY
brahmi n a n d to set up the city gate upo n him Your
, .

leman is tawn y brown a n d I mean to s l ay him a n d sa cri

-
,

fice him She sen t her paramour a message sayi n g

.
, ,

They s a y the ki n g wishes t o slay a taw n y bro wn brahmin -

in sacrifice ; if y ou wou l d save your life flee away in time , ,

a n d with y ou a l l they who are like y ou So the m a n did ”

the n ews spread abroad in the city a n d all those in the ,

who l e city who were taw n y brown fled away -

.

The priest n othi n g aware of his e n emy s flight we n t

,
’

early n ext morn i n g to the ki n g a n d said My lord in , ,

“
,

su ch a place is a tawn y brown brahmi n to be foun d ; have -

him take n The kin g se n t some m e n for him but they

.
,

saw n o n e a n d return in g i n formed the ki n g that he was

,

fled away Search elsewhere said the ki n g All over

.
“
,
.

”
the city they searched but foun d n o n e Search qui ckly !
,
.
“

”
said the ki n g My lord they replied except your
.
“
, ,
“

”
famil y priest there is n o such other A priest quoth .
“
,

”
he can n ot be killed
,
“
What do you s a y my l ord ? .
“
,

A ccordi n g t o the priest if the gate is n ot s e t up t o day ,

-

the city will be in dan ger Whe n the priest exp l ain ed .

the matter he said that if we let this day go by the

, ,

auspicious mome n t will n ot come again un ti l the e n d of

a year The city without a gate for a year what a chan ce
.
,

for ou r e n emies ! Let u s kil l some o n e a n d sa crifi ce by ,

the aid of some other wise brahmi n a n d s e t up the gate , .

But is there an other wise brahmi n like my tea cher ?

There is my l ord his pupil a you n g m a n n amed
, , ,

T a k k a riy a ; make him your family priest a n d do the

lu cky ceremo n y The ki n g se n t for him a n d did ho n our
.
,

t o him a n d made him priest a n d comman ded t o do as

, ,

had bee n said The youn g m a n we n t to the gate with

.

a g reat crowd fo l lowi n g I n the ki n g s n ame they bou n d .

’

a n d brought the priest The Great Bei n g caused a pit to .

3 52 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY
ou t . so they did : he stood by the threshol d a n d
An d ,

made his moan Now a certai n gild mer chan t s s on who

.
-
’

used co n stan tly to give K a l i a thousan d pieces of mo n ey ,

on that day happe n ed to see h i m a nd says he Why are , ,

“

you weepi n g T u n dil a ? Master said he I have bee n

,
“
, ,
“

beate n at the dice a n d came to my sister ; a n d the serv,

in g m aids took me by the throat a n d cast me ou t

”
-
.

“
We ll stay here quoth the other a n d I wi l l speak to
, ,
”
,

your sister He e n tered the house a n d said Your

.
, ,
“

brother stan ds waiti n g clad in a rag of loi n cloth Why ,

-
.

I n deed she “ ”
do you n ot give him somethin g to wear ? ,

replied I will give n othi n g I f y ou are fo n d of him give

,
.
,

it yourself N ow in that house of i l l fame the fashi o n

.

was this : out of every thousan d pieces of mo n ey re ceived ,

five hu n dred were for the woman five hun dred were the ,

pri ce of clothes perfu mes a n d garlan ds ; the m e n who

,

visited that house received garmen ts t o clothe themselves

in a n d stayed the n i ght there the n on the n ext day they
, ,

put off the garmen ts they had re ceived a n d put on those ,

they had brought a n d wen t their ways O n this o ccasion

, .

the merchan t s s on put on the garmen ts provided for hi m

’

a n d gave his o wn cl othes to Tu n dila He put them on .

,

a n d with loud shouts haste n ed t o the taver n But K a l i .

ordered her wome n that when the you n g m a n should

depart n ext day they shou l d take away his clothes , .

Accordin gl y whe n he came forth they ra n up from this

, ,

side a n d that l ike s o man y robbers a n d took the clothes

, ,

from him a n d stript him n aked sayi n g Now youn g s ir

, , , , ,

be ofl ! Thus they g ot rid of him Away he we n t n aked

”
.

the people made sport of him a n d he was ashamed a n d , ,

l ame n ted sayin g It is my o wn do in g because I co u l d

, , ,

”
n ot keep watch over my lips ! To make this clear the ,

Great Bein g re cited the third st an za

 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY 3 53

Why a sk of Tu n dil a how he shou l d fa re

At Ka i a lk hi s ’
s i st e r s ha n ds ? n ow s e e !
My l
c ot he s a re g on e , n a k e d a m I a n d b a re ;
ve ry l ’
Ti s l i k e w ha t ha pp e n e d a t e t o t he e .

Another perso n relates this story By careless n ess of .

—
the goat herds two rams fell a fig ht in g on a pasture at
-

Ben ares A S they were hard at it a certai n bird a

.
, ,

fork tail thought to himself These t wo will crack their

-
, ,
“

”
polls a n d perish ; I must restrain them S o he tried to .

restrain them by calli g out n — Un cle do n t fight ! Not “

,
’ ”

a word he got from them : in the midst of the battle ,

mou n tin g first on the back then on the head he besought , ,

them to stop but could do n othi n g At last he cried ,

.
,

”
Fight the n but kill me first ! a n d placed himself
, ,

betwee n the two heads They wen t on butti n g away at .

each other The bird was crushed as by a pou n der a n d

. .
,

came to destru ction by his own act To explain thi s .

other t a le the Great Bei n g repeated the fourth stan z a :

B e t we e n t wo fi g ht i n g ra m s a fork t a i l fl e w -
,

Thou g h i n t he fra y he ha d no p a rt n or s ha re .

The t wo ra ms he a ds di d
’
cru s h hi m t he n an d t he re .

H e in his fa t e wa s v e ry l i k e t o y ou !

An other There was a tal tree whi ch the cow herds

.
- -

set great store by The people of Ben ares seein g it se n t .

a certain ma n up the tree to gather fruit As he was .

throwi n g down the fruit a black s n ake issui n g forth from ,

an a n t hill began t o as ce n d the tree ; they who stood

-

below tried to drive him off stri ki n g at him wi th sticks

.

and other thin gs but could n ot The n they called ou t to , .

“ ”
the other A sn ake is climbi n g the tree ! a n d he in terror
,

uttered a loud cry Those who stood below seized a .

stout cloth by the four corn ers a n d bade him fall in to ,

the cloth He l et himself drop a n d fell in the midst of

.
,

the cloth betwee n the four of them ; swift as the wi n d he

F . s T . 23
354 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY
came a n d the men could n ot hold him but j olled thei r
, ,

four heads together a n d broke them a n d so died To , .

explain this story the Great Bein g recited the fifth

stanza
F ou r me n , to sa ve a fe ll ow f rom hi s f a t e ,
l
H e d t he f ou r corn e rs of a c ot h b e l ow l .

The y a ll fe ll de a d, e a ch w i t h a b rok e n pa t e .

T he s e me n we re v e ry l i k e t o y ou , I t row .

Others agai n tell this S ome goat thieves who lived at .

-

Be n ares havi n g stole n a she goat on e n i ght determi n ed to -

make a meal in the forest : to preve n t her bleati ng they

muffl ed her s n out a n d tied her up in a bamboo clu mp .

Next day on their way to kill her they forgot the chopper
, , .

Now we ll k ill the goat a n d cook her said they ; bri n g

“ ’ “
,

the chopper here ! But nobody had on e Without a .

“

”
chopper said they we can n ot eat the beast eve n if
, , ,

we ki ll her : let her go this is due to some merit of hers .

S o they let her go No w it happe n ed that a worker in .

bamboos who had bee n there for a bun d l e of them left

, ,
’
a basket maker s kn ife there hidde n amo n g the leaves
-
,

in te n di n g t o use it whe n he came again But the goat .

,

thi n ki n g herself to be free began playi n g about u n der ,

the bamboo clump a n d kicki n g with her hi n d legs made

,

the knife drop The thieves heard the soun d of the

.

fallin g kn ife a n d on comi n g to fin d ou t what it was s a w

, ,

it to their great delight ; the n they killed the goat and

, ,

ate her flesh Thus to exp l ai n how this s he goat was

.
-

killed by her own act the Great Bein g recited the sixth ,

stan za
A g oa t , i n a b a mb oo t hi c e t b ou n d,
s he -
k
k
F ri s i n g a b ou t , he rs e f a n ife ha d fou n d l k .

Wi t h t ha t s a me k n ife t he y cu t t he cre a t u re ’
s t hroa t .

I t s t ri k e s me y ou a re ve ry l i k e t ha t g oa t .
3 56 THE FOLLY OF GARRULITY
The ki n g pleased with the fairy at o n ce recited a
, ,

stanza
S he t ha t ha t h s p ok e n ,
l e t he r g o, t ha t she
The H i mal aya hil l a g a in ma y se e ,

But l e t t he m t a ke and k il l t he ot he r on e ,

An d f or t o -
morrow ’
s b re a k fa st ha v e hi m don e .

But the other fairy thought If I hold my to n gue ,

“
,

surely the kin g will kill me ; n ow is the t ime to speak

a n d the n he re cited a n other sta n za

The ki n e de p e n d u p on t he cl ou ds a n d m e n u p on t he k i n e 1
, ,

An d I , 0 k in g ! de p e n d on t he e , on me t hi s w i f e of; min e .

Le t on e , b e f ore he se e k t he hil ls , t he ot he r s
’
f a t e divi n e .

When he had said thi s he repeated a couple of ,

stan zas t o make it clear that they had bee n sile n t n ot

, ,

from un willi n gn ess to obey the k i n g s word but be cause ’

they s a w that speaki n g would be a mistake .

O mon a rch ! ot he r p e op l e s ot he r w a y s ,
:

T i s v e ry ha rd t o k e e p y ou cl e a r of b l a m e
’
.

The t hi n g w hi ch f or t he on e w i n s ra i s e ,
v e ry p
fi
A n ot he r n ds re roo f for u s t t he sa me p j .

S ome on e t he re i s who e a ch ma n f oo i shl fi n ds

E a ch b y i ma g in a t i on di ff e re n t s t il l ;
Al l di ff e re n t , m a n y me n a n d m a n y m in ds ,
No un v
i e rs a l l a w is on e ma n ’
s wil l .

Quoth the ki n g He speaks the truth ; tis a sapient

,
“ ’

fairy ; a n d much pleased he recited the last stan za :

”

S il e n t t he y w e re t he fa iry a n d hi s ma t e ,

A n d he w ho n ow di d u t te r S p e e ch for f e ar,
U n hu rt , f re e , ha pp y , l e t hi m g o hi s g a i t .

Thi s i s t he s p e e ch b ri n g s g ood, a s oft w e he a r .

Then the k in g placed the two fairies in a golde n cage ,

a n d se n di n g for the hu n tsman made him s e t them free in ,

the same place where he had caught them .

1
Be c a u se t he ir food (g ra s s e tc .
) de pe n ds on ra in .
 THE HAW KS AND THEIR FRIEND S 3 57

“
The Great Bei n g added S ee my teacher ! In this , ,

man n er the fairies kept watch on their words a n d by ,

speaki n g at the right time were set free for their well
speakin g ; but y ou by your ill speaki n g have come to
”
great mis ery Then after Shewi n g him this parallel he
.
,

comforted him sayin g Fear n ot my teacher ; I will save

, , ,

“
your life I S there i n deed a way
. asked the other , ,
” “
how you ca n save me ? He replied It is n ot yet the ,

proper co n j un ctio n of the plan ets He let the day g o .

by a n d in t he middle watch of the n i ght brought thither

,

”
a dead goat G o whe n you wil l brahmi n a n d live said
“
.
, , ,

he then let hi m go a n d n ever a soul the wiser A n d he

,
.

did sa crifice with the flesh of the goat a n d set up the gate ,

u
po n it
The se c on d st ory is a v a ria n t of P .
(T ) . I . 3 b , whe re a j ck l h pi g fo fl e sh
a a O n r

c ome s b e t we e n t wo fig h t i n g ra ms an d is kil le d . K D . .
( Sy n ) I 3 b (A b ) v Cf t he
.
,
ra . .

l
g a t has of t he t a e in J ul ie n 3 3 ( a ria n t o f J a t v .
“
Lors q d b éli l t t t
ue eux e rs u en

e n se mb l e , l e s mou ch
e s e t l e s fou rmi s éris se n t p au mili e u d e u x , ’ ”
an d J G rimm
. on

R e i n ha rt F u chs , p ccl x x vi The st ory

. . of t he s he g oa t-
o cc u rs in Ze n ob iu s, P rov .

Ce n t I 27
. .
,
as a n e x pl a a t ion of t h
n e pro e rb v a ls rr
lv
‘

pdx a cpa v . A g oa t b e in g
sa r c ific d b y t h C i
e e or n t hi a n s t o Acra e a n H e ra i k cks a n d re ve als t he k n ife , whi hha d c
b e en mi l id Ss a Pi . ee sche l in Z D M G LV . X II . 86 .

THE HAW K S AND THEIR FRIEND S

O n ce upo n a time when B ra hma da t t a was kin g of ,

Be n ares certain m e n of the marches used t o make a

,

settlemen t wheresoever they coul d best fin d much meat

, ,

dwell in g in the forest a n d killin g for meat for themselves ,

a n d their families the game which aboun ded there Not .

fa r from their village was a large n atural lake a n d upon ,

its southward shore lived a H awk on the west a she hawk ; ,

-

on the n orth a Lio n ki n g of the beasts ; on the east an ,

358 THE HAW KS AND THEIR FRIEND S
Osprey kin g of the birds ; in the middle dwe l t a Tortoise
,
i

on a small islan d The Hawk asked the she hawk to .

-

become hi s wife She asked him Have you a n y frie n d ?

.
,
“

”
N o madam he replied
, We must have some on e who
,
.

ca n defe n d us agai n st a n y dan ger or trouble that may

”
arise a n d y ou must fin d some frien ds
, Whom shall .

I make fi ie n ds with Why with kin g Osprey who li ves

' “
,

on the eastern shore a n d with the Li o n on the n orth a n d, ,

with the Tortoise who dwells in the mi d dl e of thi s lake .

He took her advice a n d di d so Then the two lived .

together (it should be said that on a little islet in the

same lake grew a kadamba tree surrou n ded by the water ,

on a ll sides ) in a n est whi ch they made .

Afterw ards there were give n to them two so n s O n e .

day while the wi n gs of the youn gli n gs were yet callow

, ,

some of the coun try folk we n t foragi n g through the woods

all day a n d foun d n othi n g Not wishi n g to retur n home .

empty han ded they we n t down to the lake to cat ch a fish

-
,

or a tortoise They got on the islan d a n d lay down

.
,

beneath the kadamba tree ; a n d there bei n g torme n ted

by the bites of gn ats a n d mosquitoes to drive t hese away , ,

they kin dl ed a fire by rubbi n g sticks together a n d made ,

a smoke The smoke risi n g an n oyed the birds a n d th e

.
,

“ ’ ”
youn g o n es uttered a cry Tis the cry of birds ! said .

the cou n try folk Up make up the fire : we can n ot l ie

.
“
,

here hun gry but before we lie down we will have a meal
,

of fowls flesh They made the fire blaze a n d b u i l t it up

’
.
, .

But the mother bird hearin g the soun d thought These ,

“

me n w ish to eat ou r youn g o n es We made fri e n ds to .

save us from that dan ger I will se n d my mate to the .

great Osprey The n she said Go my husba n d tell ,

“
, ,

the Osprey of the dan ger whi ch threate n s ou r youn g

repeati n g this stan za
360 THE HAWK S AND T HEIR FRIEND S
skin under his stomach had be come quite th in his eyes ,

were blood shot S eei n g hi m the he n bird said to her

-
.
,
-

mate My lord the Osprey is tired out ; go a n d tel l the

, ,

Tortoise that he may have a rest

, When he heard .

this the bird approachi n g the Osprey addressed hi m in

, ,

a stan z a
G ood he l p t he g ood t he n e ce ss a ry de e d :

Thou ha s t i n pit y don e f or u s at n eed .

O u r y ou n g a re sa fe , t hou li vi n g
ha v e a ca re
:

Of t hy own se lf ,
n or a ll t hy s t re n g t h ou t w e a r .

Onheari n g these words loud as a lion s roar he ’

repeated the fifth stan za :

Whi l e I a m k e e p in g g u a rd a b ou t t hi s t re e ,

I ca re n ot if I l ose m y li fe for t he e :

S o u s e t he g ood t hu s f ri e n d wi ll do f or f ri e n d
:

Ye a e v e n i f he p e ri sh a t t he e n d
, .

The n the Hawk said Rest awhile frie n d Osprey ,

“
, ,

a n d the n away to the Tortoise whom he aroused What “

,

”
is your erran d frie n d ? asked the Tortoise
, S u ch a n d .

su ch a dan ger has come upo n us a n d the royal Osprey ,

has bee n labouri n g hard ever si n ce the first wat ch a n d is ,

”
very weary ; that is why I have come to y ou With these .

words he repeated the seve n th stan za

E v e n t he y who fa ll t hrou g h s in or e v il de e d
M a y ri se if f ri e n ds w il l he l p t he m i n t he i r n eed .

My y ou n g i n da n g e r, s t ra i g ht I fl y t o t he e
O dwe ll e r in t he l a k e , come , s u ccou r me !
On heari n g this the Tortoise repeated an other stan za
The w i se ma n to a m a n w ho i s hi s f ri e n d,
B ot h f ood an d g oods , e e n v l i fe i t s e l f , w ill le n d .

F or t he e , O H a w k ! I wi ll p e rf orm t hi s de e d
The g ood mu st he l p e a ch ot he r a t t he ir n eed .

His s on who lay n ot far off; heari n g the words of his

,

father thought I wo u l d n ot have my father troubled

, ,
“
,
 THE HAW KS AND THEIR F RIEND S 361

but I will do my father s part d therefore he repeated

’

, an

the n i n th stan za
H e re a t t hy e a s e re ma i n , O fa t he r mi n e ,
A n d I t hy s on w il l do t hi s t a s k of t hi n e .

A s on s hou ld s e rv e a f a t he r, so
’
t is b e st ;
ll s a ve t he H a w k hi s y ou n g on e s i n
I ’
t he n e st .

The father Tortoise addressed his s on in a stanza

S o do t he g ood, my s on , and i t i s t ru e
Tha t s on for f a t he r s e rvi ce ou g ht t o do .

Ye t t he y ma y l e a ve t he H a w k ’
y ou n g b rood a on e ,
s l
l
P e rcha n ce , if t he y se e me s o ful y g row n .

With these words the Tortoise se n t the Hawk away ,

addi n g Fear n ot my friend but g o y ou before a n d

,
“
, ,

I wi ll come presently after He di ved i n to the water .

,

collected some mud a n d we n t to the islan d que n ched the

, ,

“
flame a n d lay still The n the coun trymen cried Why
,
.
,

should we trouble about the youn g hawks ? Let us roll

over this on e eyed Tortoise a n d kill him ! H e will be
-

e n ough for all S o they plucked some creepers and

.

got some stri n gs but whe n they ha d made them fast in

,

this place or that a n d torn their clothes to strips for the

,

purpose they could n o t roll the Tortoise over The

, .

Tortoise lugged them alo n g with him a n d plu n ged in

deep water The m e n were so eager to get him that in
.

they fell after : splashed about and scrambled ou t wi th ,

“ “
a bellyfu l of water Just look said they :
. half the ,

n ight on e Osprey kept putti n g o u t o u r fire a n d n ow this ,

Tortoise has made us fall i n to t he water a n d swallow it , ,

t o our great discomfort Well we will light an other fire

.
, ,

a n d at sun rise we will eat those youn g hawks Then .

they began to make a fire The he n bird heard the .

-

n oise they were maki n g a n d said My husban d soo n er “

, , ,

or later these m e n will devour ou r you n g a n d depart

y o u go a n d tell o u r frie n d the Lio n At o n c e he we n t .

362 THE HAW KS AND THEIR FRIEND S
to the Lion who asked hi m why he came at such
, an

un seaso n able hour The bird told him al l from the . be

gin n i n g a n d repeated the eleve n th stan z a
,

Mi g ht ie st o f al l t he b e a st s , b ot h b e a s t s and me n
F l y t o t he st ron g e s t w he n b e se t wi t h f e a r .

My y ou n g on e s a re i n da n g e r ; he lp me t he n
Thou a rt ou r ki n g ,
and t he re f ore I a m he re .

T hi s said the Lio n repeated a stan za

,

Ye s I w i ll do t hi s s e rvi ce H a w k f or t hee
, , ,

C ome l e t u s g o a n d s l a y t hi s g a n g of foe s !
,

S u re ly t he p ru de n t he who wi sdom k n ows , ,

P rot e ct or of a fri e n d mu st t ry t o b e .

Havin g thus spoke n he di smissed him sayin g Now , , ,

”
go a n d comfort your youn g o n es
, The n he we n t .

forward churn i n g up the crystal water

, Whe n the .

churls perceived him approa chin g they were frighte n ed ,

”
to death : The Osprey they cried put out our fire
“
, ,
“

bran ds ; the Tort oise made us lose the clothes we had

on : but now we are do n e for Thi s Lio n will destroy .

”
us at o n ce They ra n this way a n d that : whe n the Lio n
.

came to the foot of the tree n othi n g could he s e e The n , .

the Osprey the Hawk a nd the Tortoise came up a n d

, , ,

a ccosted him He told them the profit a b l e n e s s of frie n d

.

shi p a n d said From this time fort h be careful n ever

, ,
“

to break the bo n ds of fri e n dship With this advi ce he .

departed : a n d they also we n t each to his o wn place .

The he n hawk lookin g upo n her you n g thought

-
Ah , ,

”
through frie n ds have my youn g bee n give n ba ck to me !
a n d as she rej oiced she spoke to her mate a n d recited , ,

six stan zas declari n g the e ffe ct of frien dship

G e t frie n ds a hou se f u l of t he m w i t hou t f a il
, ,

G e t a g re a t f ri e n d a b l e s s in g he ll b e f ou n d
’
:

Va i n s t ri k e t he a rrow s on a coa t of ma i l .

A n d w e re j oi ce ou r y ou n g l i n g s s a fe a n d s ou n d
,
.
364 THE PRINCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH
an d we n t both together to the teacher They paid the .

fee a n d studi ed a n d ere l o n g their education was com

, ,

l t The they took leave f their tea her n d we n t

p e e. n o c a ,

on their road together After travellin g thus a short

.

di stan ce they came t o a stop at a place where the road

,

parted Then they embraced a n d in order to keep their

.
,

“
frien dship ali ve they made a compact together : If
I have a s on a n d you a daughter or if you have a son ,

a n d I a daughter we will make a match of it betwee n

,
”
them .

Whe n they were on the thro n e a s on was born to ki n g ,

S u ru ci a n d to him also the n ame of Pri n ce S u ru ci was

,

give n B ra hm a da t t a had a daughter a n d her n ame was

.
,

S u m e dha the Wise Lady ,

Pri n ce S u ru ci in due time
.

grew up we n t to Ta k k a sil a for his edu catio n a n d that

, ,

fi n ished return ed The n his father wishin g t o mark out

.
,

his s on for ki n g by ceremo n ial spri n kli n g thought to ,

himself My frien d the ki n g of Be n ares has a daughter

,
“
,

so they s a y : I wi l l make her my so n s co n sort For t hi s ’

.

purpose he sen t a n ambassade with rich g ifts .

But before they had yet come the ki n g of Be n ares ,

asked hi s queen this questio n : Lady what is the worse “

,

misery for a woman ? To quarre l with her fellow

wives . The n my lady to save ou r o n l y daughter the
, ,

Prin cess S u me dha from this misery we wi l l give her to ,

n o n e but him that will have her a n d n o other So whe n .

the ambas sadors came a n d n amed the n ame of his ,

daughter he told them Good frie n ds i n deed it is true

, , ,

I promised my daughter to my ol d frie n d lo n g ago But .

we have n o wish to cast her i n to the midst of a crowd

of wome n a n d we will give her o n ly to o n e who wi l l we d
,

her a n d n o other This message they brought back to

.

the k i n g B u t the ki n g was displeased

. Ours is a .
“
 THE PRINCE WH O COULD NOT LAUGH 365

great ki n gdom said he the city of Mit hil a covers seve n

, ,
“

leagues the measure of the whole ki n gdom is three

,

hun dred leagues S uch a ki n g should have sixtee n

.

”
thousan d wome n at the least But Pri n ce S u ru ci .
,

hearin g the great beauty of S u me dha fell in love from ,

heari n g of it o n ly S o he se n t word to his paren ts sayi n g

.
, ,

I will take her a n d n o other : what do I want with

”
a multitude of wome n ? Let her be brought They did .

n ot thwart his desire but se n t a rich prese n t a n d a great ,

ambassade to bri n g her home Then she was made his .

quee n co n sort a n d they were both together co n secrated

-

by sprin kli n g .

He became king S u ru ci a n d ruling in j ustice lived ,

a life of high happi n ess wi th his quee n But although .

she dwelt in his palace for t e n thousan d y ears never s on ,

n or daughter she had of him .

Then all the town sfolk gathered together in the palace

”
courtyard with upbraidin gs
, What is it ? the kin g .

” “
asked . Fault we have n o other to find said they but
“
, ,

this that y ou have n o son to keep up your lin e Y ou

, .

have but on e quee n yet a royal pri n ce should have ,

sixteen thousand at the least Choose a compan y of women .

,

my lord : some worthy wi fe will brin g you a s on Dear .

“

frie n ds what is this you say ? I p a s sed my word I would

,

take n o other but on e a n d on those terms I got her , .

I can n ot lie n o host of women for me

, S o he refu sed .

their request and they departed But S u m e dha heard

, .

“
what was said The kin g refu ses to choose him other
.

”
wives for his truth s sake thought she well I will fin d
’

, ,
”
him some on e Playin g the part of mother a n d wife
.

to the ki n g she chose at her own will a thousan d maiden s

,

of the warrior caste a thousan d of the courtiers a , ,

thousan d daughters of househol ders a thousan d of all ,

366 THE PRINCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH
kin ds of dancin g g irls fo u r thousan d in all a n d delivered , ,

them to hi m An d all these dwelt in the palace for ten

.

thousan d years a n d n ever a s on or daughter they brought ,

betwee n them I n t hi s way she three times brought four

.

thous an d maiden s but they had n either s on n or daughter , .

Thus she brought him sixtee n thousan d wives in all .

Fort y thousa n d years we n t by that is to say fifty , ,

thousan d in all coun tin g the t e n thousan d he had lived with

,

her alo n e The n the to wn sfolk again gathered together

.

with reproaches What is it n ow ? the ki n g asked .

“
.

”
“
My lord comman d your wome n to pray for a s on
,
.

The kin g was n ot u n willi n g a n d comman ded so to pray , .

Then ceforward prayi n g for a son they worship all ,

’

man n er of deities a n d ofl e r all ki n ds of vows ; yet n o

s on appeared The n the kin g comman ded S u me dha to
.

pray for a s on She co n se n ted O n the fast of the

. .

fiftee n th day of the mo n th she took upo n her the eight ,

fold sabbath vows a n d s a t meditatin g upo n t he virtues

1
,

in a ma g n i ficen t room upon a pleasan t couch The .

others were in the park vowi n g to do sacrifice wi th ,

goats or ki n e By the glory of S u me dha s virtue Sakk a s

.
’ ’

dwellin g place began to tremble Sakka po n dere d and .

,

un derstood that S u m e dha prayed for a son ; well she ,

“
should have on e But I can n ot give her this or that .

s on in di fl e re n t l y ; I wil l search for on e which shall be

’

suitable The n he saw a you n g g od called Na l a k a ra

.
”
,

the Basket weaver He was a bein g e n dowed wi th merit

-
.
,

who in a former lif e lived in Be n ares whe n this befell him , .

At seed time as he was on hi s way to the fields he per

-

ce iv e d a Pacceka Buddha He se n t on hi s hi n ds biddi n g ’

.
,

Th ig h t i l a i
1
e e g i t t k i g s l if tnh ft i mp rit y l yi g i t ic t i g l iq
: a a ns a n e, e ,
u ,
n ,
n ox a n u ors ,

e ti g
a t f b idd
n a h or w l dl y m en m t g t
ou rs , d o m t Th fi t
or a use e n s, u n u en s an rn a en s . e rs

fi ve l w y b i di g
a re a l y di c ipl
a s nTh t h n m d
on th f t d y a -
s es . e o e rs a re as su e on e as -
a s.

O 2
wh h ne t t i d tho lig h t m t f B ddh b t d
as a a ne t p ch e en en en o a u a, u oe s n o re a .
368 THE PRINCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH
chan ted To whom shall I give the blessi n g of a s on who
, ,

craves the blessin g of a s on ? To me S ir to me ! , ,

thousan ds of han ds were uplift ed Then he said I give .

,

so n s t o the virtuous : what is your virtue what your li fe ,

”
a n d co n versatio n ? They drew dow n their uplifted
han ds sayin g, I f y ou woul d reward virtue go seek
,
“
,

S u m e dha
”
He wen t his ways through the air a n d stayed
.
,

at the wi n dow of her bedchamber The n they we n t a n d .

told her sayi n g See my lady a ki n g of the gods has

, ,
“
, ,

come down through the air a n d stan ds at your bed ,

chamber wi n dow o fferi n g you the boo n of a son ! ,

With
great pomp she proceeded thither a n d open i n g the wi n dow , ,

said Is this true S ir that I hear how y ou o ffer t he

,
“
, , ,

”
blessi g of a son to a virtuous woma
n n ? It is a n d s o ,

”
I do . Then gran t it t o me
“
What is your virtue .
“
,
”
tell me ; a n d if y ou please me I gran t you the boo n ,
.

Then declari n g her virt ue She recited these fifteen

s tan zas .

I a m ki n g Ru e i s con s ort qu e e n t he fi rs t he e v e r we d
’
-
,

Wi t h S u ru ci t e n t hou s a n d y e a rs my w e dde d l if e I l e d .

S u rn oi k i n g of M it hil a , Vi de ha s chi e fe s t p l a ce ,’

I n e v e r l i g ht l y he l d hi s wi sh, n or de e m e d hi m me a n or b a se ,
I n de e d or t hou g ht or w ord, b e hi n d hi s b a ck , n or t o hi s f a ce .

I f t hi s bt ru e , 0 ho y on e , so m a y t ha t s on b e g iv e n
e l
lp p k
B u t i f my i s a re s e a i n g i e s , t he n b u rs t my he a d i n se v e n l .

The p a re n t s of my hu sb a n d de a r, so l on g as t he y he d swa y , l
An d w hi e t he y l live d ,
w ou l d e ve r g i ve me t ra in i n g i n t he Wa y .

My p a ssi on w a s t o hu rt no li fe ,
and l
wi ll i n g y do ri g ht
I s e rve d t he m w i t h e x t re me st ca re u n we a ri e d da y a n d n i g ht .

I f t hi s b e t ru e , e t c .

No le ss t ha n s i x t e e n t hou sa n d da m e s my fe ll ow wi v e s
-
ha v e b e e n
Ye t , b ra hmi n , ne v e r j e a l ou sy n or a n g e r ca me b e t we e n .

At t he ir g ood fort u n e I re j oi ce ; e a ch on e of t he m i s de a r ;
M y he a rt i s s oft to all t he s e w i v e s as t hou g h my s e l f i t w e re .

I f t hi s b e t ru e , e t c .
 THE PRINCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH 369

S l a ve s ,
me s se n g e rs , a n d s e rv a n t s a ll ,
a n d a ll a b ou t t he p l a ce ,

I g iv e t he m food, I t re a t t he m w e l , w i t h che e rf u l l p le a sa n t f a ce .

I f t hi s b e t ru e , etc .

A sce t i cs , b ra hm i n s, m a n who b e g g i n g he re i s se e n ,
any

I comf ort all wi t h food a n d dri n k , my ha n ds a l l w a she n l

c ean .

I f t hi s b e t ru e , e t c .

The e i g ht h of e i t he r f ort n ig ht , t he f ourt e e n t h, fi ft e e n t h da y s ,

A n d t he es p e cia l fa st I ke e p ,
l
I w a k in ho y w a y s l .

I f t hi s b t ru e , 0 ho y on e ,
e l so ma y t ha t b e g ive n
son

l
B u t i f m y i p s a re s p e a k in g l ie s ,
t he n b u rst my he a d i n se v e n .

I n deed n ot a hun dred verses n or a thou s an d cou l d , ,

suffice to Si n g the praise of her vi rt ues : yet S akka

allowed her t o si n g her own praises in these fifteen
stan zas n or did he cut the tale short though he had much
,

t o do elsewhere ; the n he said Abu n dan t a n d marvellous “

,

are your virt ues the n in her praise he recited a couple

of sta n zas :

All t he se g re a t vi rt u e s g l oriou s da m e O da u g ht e r of a k i n g
, , ,

A re fou n d in t he e whi ch of t hy s e lf O l a dy t hou dos t s in g

, , , .

A wa rri or b orn of n ob l e b l ood a l l g l ori ou s a n d wi s e

, , ,

Vide n a s rig ht e ou s e mp e ror t hy son sha ll s oon a ri s e

’
, , .

Whe n these words she heard in great joy she recited ,

two stan zas putti n g a questio n t o him

,

U n k e mp t , wi t h du s t an d dirt b e g ri me d, hig h poi sed i n t he sk y , -

Thou s p e a k e st in a l l
ov e y v oi ce t ha t p ri ck s me t o t he he a rt .

A rt t hou a m i g ht y g od, 0 sa g e and dwe ll s t i n he a v e n on hig h?

ll me whe n ce t hou come st
0 te he re , 0 t e ll m e who t hou a rt !

He told her in six stan zas

S a k k a t he H u n dre d -
eyed t hou s e e st ,
for t he g ods me ca
so ll
W he n t he y a re w on t t o a s s e mb e i n l j
t he he a ve n l y u dg me n t ha l l .

Whe n w ome n v i rt u ou s , wi se , and g ood he re in t he wor d l a re

f ou n d,
Tru e wi v e s , t o hu sb a n d ’
s mot he r k in d e ve n as i n du t y b ou n d,

Whe n s u ch a w oma n wi se of he a rt and g ood i n de e d t he y n ow , k

To he r t hou g h w oma n , t he y di vi n e , t he g ods t he mse ve s w ill g o l .

24
3 70 THE PR I NCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH
So l a dy ,
t hou , t hrou g h w ort hy li fe ,
t hrou g h s t ore of g oo d de e ds
don e ,
A p rin ce s s b orn , a ll ha pp in e s s t he he a rt ca n wi sh, has t w on .

S o t hou dos t re a p t hy de e ds, p rin ce s s

b y g ory on t he e a rt h, , l
An d a ft e r in l
t he w or d of g ods a n e w a n d hea v e n y b irt h l .

0 w ise , O b l e s se d ! so li ve on , p re se rv e t hy con du ct ri g ht
N ow I t o he a v e n mu s t re t u rn ,
de l i g ht e d wi t h t hy S ig ht .

I have busi n ess to do in the world of gods quoth ,

he therefore I go ; but do thou be vigilan t

,
“
With this .

advice he depart ed .

I n the morn i n g time the god Na l a k a ra came down ,

a n d was co n ceived Whe n she dis covered it she told the .

,

k in g a n d he did what was n ecessary for a woman in her

,

state 1
At the e n d of ten mo n ths she brought forth
.

a s on a n d they gave him Mah a pan a da t o hi s name

,
-
.

Al l the people of the two coun tries came cryi n g out ,

“
My lor d we bri n g this for the boy s milk mo n ey a n d
,
’
-

,
”

each dropt a coi n in the kin g s court yard : a great heap ’

there was of them The ki n g did n ot wish to accept t hi s .

,

but they would n ot take the mo n ey ba ck but said as they ,

departed Whe n the boy grows up my lord it will pay

,
“
, ,

”
for his keep .

The lad was brought up amid great magn i fice n ce ; a n d

whe n he came of years aye n o more than sixtee n he was , , ,

perfect in all accomplishme n ts The ki n g thi n ki n g of his .

so n s age said to the queen

’
My lady whe n the time
, , ,

comes for the ceremo n ial spri n klin g of ou r son let us ,

”
make him a fin e pala ce for that o ccasio n She was quite .

willin g The k i n g sen t for those who had skil l in divi n i n g

.

z
the lucky place for a b u il di n g a n d said t o them : My ,
“

1
Se e Ja t . 15 1, p 13 1. . T h e re wa s a c e re mon y c alle d g a rb ha ra k sa n a w hi pro ch
c
te t e d ag a in s t a b ort ion (B ii hl e r, R i t u a l L i t t e ra t u r, in
-
G ru n dris s de r i n do— a ris ch .

P hil ol og ie , p .
(Dr Rous e ) .

1
Cf J a t 2 5 7 ,
. . p . 19 8 .
3 72 THE PRINCE WHO COULD NOT LAUGH
an d dan ced ; but they could n ot make the pri n ce laugh .

Of course he that had seen the dan cin g of dan cers divin e
could n ot care for su ch dan cers as these Then came .

two clever j uggl ers Bha n du ka n n a a n d Pa n du ka n n a ,

- -
,

Crop ear a n d Yellow ear a n d said they We will make

- -

, ,

”
the prin ce laugh Bha n du ka n n a made a great man go
.
-

tree which he c al led S an spareil grow before the pal a ce

, ,

door : then he threw up a bal l of strin g a n d made it ,

catch on a bran ch of the tree a n d then up he climbed ,

i n to the Man go San spareil N ow the Man go San spareil .

1
A n d the slaves of
’
they say is V e ss a v a n a s man go .

V e s s a v a n a took him as u sual ch0 pt hi m up limb meal , ,

-

a n d threw down the bits The other j ugglers j oi n ed the .

pieces together a n d poured water upo n them The m a n

, .

donned upper a n d u n der ga rmen ts of flowers a n d rose ,

up and began dan cin g agai n Even the sight of this di d .

n ot make the pri n ce lau gh The n Pa n du ka n n a had .

-

some fire wood piled in the courtyard and wen t in to the

-

fire with his troop Whe n the fire was b u rn t ou t the .

,

people sprin kled the pil e with water Pa n du ka n n a .

-

with his troop rose up dan cin g with upper a n d un der

garme n ts of flowers Whe n the people foun d they coul d .

n ot make him laugh they grew a n gry S akka perceivi n g ,

.
,

this se n t down a divin e dan cer biddi n g him make pri n ce

, ,

Mah a pan a da laugh Then he came a n d remain ed poised

-
.

in the air above the royal courtyard a n d performed what ,

is called the Half body dan ce : on e han d on e foot on e -

, ,

eye on e tooth go a dan cin g throbbin g fli ckerin g to a n d

, ,
-
, ,

fro all the rest stone stil l Mah a pan a da whe n he s a w

,
.
-
,

thi s gave a little smile But the crowd roared a n d roared

,
.

with laughter co ul d not ceas e laughin g laughed them

, ,

1
The j u g g li n g t ri k c he re de scrib e d is s poke n of b y me dia e v al t ra v ll
e e rs . Se e
Yu l e
’
s M a rco P ol o ,
v ol . I .
p 3 08 .
(e d .
(Dr Rous e .
)
 A LO S T FRIEND FOUND BY A S ONG 3 73

selves ou t of their wits lost co n trol of their limbs rolled , ,

over a n d over in the royal courtyard That was the e n d .

of the festival The rest of it .

G re a t P a n a da , m ig ht y k in g ,

l Wi t h hi s p a l a ce all of g o d,
1
must be explain ed in the Mah a pan a da Birth -
.

Kin g Mah a pan a da did good a n d gave alms -

, an d at his
life s end we n t to the world of gods
’
.

Cf G rimm 4 , An m , On e w ho w e n t
. . ou t t o l e a rn w ha t f e a r w a s . S kka
’
a s l
in a b i i t y
t o gi v e a son u n c on l
dit ion a l y re se mb l es t he b e g in n in g of T ib T Ix He . . . a pp e a ls t o
B ra h ma ,
b u t a l l he ca n do is t o in du c e a g od, wh os e l ife is omin g t o a n c e n d, t o go
and b e b orn , as he doe s al so in t he Ku sa -
J at k p 4 2 9 Simil ly
a a, . . ar in J a t 22 0
.

S kk
a a is un a b e l t o ma ke a ma n wit h a ll fou r vi t e (p
r u s .

A LO S T FRIE ND F OUND BY A S ONG

O n ce upon a time in the real m of Avan ti a n d the city , ,

of Ujje n i reign ed a great kin g n amed Avan ti

, At that .

time a Ca n d a la village lay outside Ujje n i and there the

, ,

Great Bei n g was born An other person was born the son .

of his mother s sister The on e of these two was named

’
.

Citta and the other S a mb hu t a

,
.

These two whe n they grew up having learn t what is ,

called the art of sweepi n g in the Ca n d a la breed thought ,

on e day they would go a n d shew o ff this art at the city

gate S o on e of them shewed off at the nort h gate a n d

.
,

on e at the east Now in this city were two women wise in .

the ome n s of sight the on e a merchan t s daughter a n d the ,

’

’
other a family priest s These we n t forth to make merry .

in the park havi n g ordered food to be bro u ght hard a n d

,

soft garlan ds a n d perfu mes ; a n d it so happe n ed that on e

,

went ou t by the n or t hern gate a n d on e the eastern .

S eei n g the two young C a n da l a s Shewi n g their art the ,

Th i i m r l y h t mm ry 1 s s e e a s or su a .
3 74 A LO S T FRIEND F OUND BY A SONG
girls asked Who are these ? C a n da l a s they were
“
,

i n form ed This is a n evi l omen to s e e ! they said

.
“ ”

a n d after washi n g their eyes with perfu med water they ,

return ed back Then the m ul titude cried O vile out casts

.
,
“
,

you have made us lose food a n d stro n g dri n k which wo u ld

have cost us n othi n g ! They belaboured the two ki n s
m e n a n d did them much misery a n d mischie f Whe n they
, .

recovered their se n ses up they g ot a n d j oi n ed compan y

, ,

a n d told each the other what woe had befalle n hi m ,

weepin g a n d wail i n g a n d wo n deri n g what to do n ow

, All .
“

”
this misery has come upo n us they thought because , ,
“

of ou r birth We shall n ever be able to play the part of

.

C a n da l a s ; let us co n ceal ou r birth a n d go to Ta k k a s il a ,

in the disguise of yo u n g brahmi n s a n d study there , .

Havi n g made this de cisio n they we n t thither a n d fol , ,

lowed their studies in the law u n der a far famed master -

.

A rumour was blown abroad over I n di a that t wo youn g ,

C a n da l a s were stude n ts a n d had co n ceal ed their birth

, .

The wise Citta was successful in his studies but Samb ,

h u ta n ot so .

O n e day a vi l lager in vited the teacher; i n te n di n g to

o ffer food to the brahmi n s Now it happe n ed that rai n .

fell in the n ight a n d flooded all the ho ll ows in the road

, .

Early in the morn i n g the tea cher summo n ed wise Citta ,

a n d said My lad I can n ot go do y ou g o with the youn g

“
, , ,

m e n a n d pro n oun ce a blessi n g eat what you get for your

, ,

”
self a n d bri n g home what there is for me Accordi n gl y .

he took the youn g brahmin s a n d we n t While the youn g ,

.

me n bathed a n d ri n sed their mouths the people prepared

, ,

rice porridge whi ch they s e t ready for them sayi n g Let

, , ,
“

it cool Before it was cool the yo u n g m e n came a n d s a t

.
”
,

down The people gave them the water of ofl e rin g a n d

"

.
,

S a mb hu t a s wits were
’
s e t the bowls in fro n t of them .
3 76 A LO S T F RIEND FOUND BY A S ONG
s on of the kin g of U t t a ra pa n ca l a From their n ame days .
-

they coul d remember their former births But S a mb hu t a .

was n ot able to remember all without breaks a n d al l he ,

c ould remember was the fourth or Ca n d a la birth ; Citta

however remembered a ll four in due order When Citta .

was sixtee n years ol d he wen t away a n d be came a n as ceti c

,

in Himalaya a n d deve l oped the Faculty of the religious

,

e cstasy a n d dwelt in the bliss of e cstatic tran ce Wise

, .

S a mb hu t a after his father s death had the Umbrella

’

Spread over hi m a n d on the very day of the umbrella

,

ceremo n y in the midst of a great co n course made a

, ,

ceremo n ial hym n a n d uttered two stan zas in aspiratio n

, .

Whe n they heard this the royal wives a n d the musi cians ,

all chan ted them sayi n g Our ki n g s own coro n atio n

, ,
“ ’

hymn ! a n d in course of time a ll t he citize n s san g it as

”
,

the hym n which their kin g loved Wise Citta in his .

,

dwellin g p l ace in Himalaya wo n dered whether his brother ,

S a mb hu t a had assumed the Umbrella or n ot Perceivin g , .

that he had he thought I shall n ever be able to i n struct

, ,
“

a youn g ruler ; but whe n he is ol d I wi l l visit him a n d , ,

persuade hi m t o be a n ascetic For fifty years he we n t .

n ot a n d by that time the k in g w a s i n creased with so n s

,

a n d daughters ; the n by his super n atural power he we n t , ,

a n d alighted in the park a n d sa t down on the seat of ,

ceremo n y like an image of gold Just the n a lad was .

pickin g up sticks a n d as he di d s o he san g that hym n

,
.

Wise Citta called hi m to approach ; he came up with a n

obeisan ce a n d waited Citta said to him Sin ce early
,
.
,

morn i n g you have bee n s in gin g that hym n ; do y ou kn ow

no other ? Oh yes sir I kn ow man y more but these
” “
, , ,

are the verses the ki n g loves that is why I sin g n o ,

”
others I s there a n y on e who ca n si n g a refrai n to the
.
-
“

”
ki n g s hymn ?
’
N o sir Could you ? Yes if I am
,
.
,
 A LO S T FRIEND FOUND BY A SONG 3 77

taught on e Well whe n the kin g chants these two

.
,

”
verses you si n g this by way of a third a n d he recited
, ,

”
a hym n Now said he go a n d si n g this before the
.
“
, ,
“

ki n g and the ki n g will be pleased with you a n d make

, ,
”
much of you for it The lad wen t to his mother qui ckly .
,

a n d got himself drest up Spick a n d spa n ; then to the

kin g s door a n d se n t in word that a lad would si n g hi m

’

”
a refrain to his hym n The king said Let him approach .
, .

Whe n the lad had come in a n d saluted him quoth the , ,

ki n g They say you will sin g me a n a n sweri n g refrain to

,
“

” “
my hymn ? Yes my lord said he bring in the whole “
, , ,

court to hear As soo n as the co u rt had assembled the

. ,

lad said S i n g your hym n my lord a n d I wil l answer with

,
“
, ,

”
mine The ki n g repeated a pair of stan zas :
.

E v e ry g ood de e d b e a rs fru i t or s oon or l a t e

N o de e d wi t hou t re su l t , and n ot hin g v a in

I s e e S a mb hfi t a mig ht y
g row n a n d g re a t ,
T hu s do hi s v i rt u e s b e a r hi m fru i t a g a i n .

E v e ry g ood de e d b e a rs fru i t or soon or a t e , l

N o de e d w i t hou t re s u l t , a n d n ot hi n g v a in .

Who kn ow s if Ci t t a l
a so ma y
b e g re a t ,
An d l ik e my s e l f, hi s he a rt ha v e b rou g ht him g a i n ?

At the end of this hymn the lad chan ted the th ird ,

sta n za
E v e ry g ood de e d b e a rs frui t or s oon or a t e , l
N o de e d wi t hou t re su t , a n d n ot hin g v a in l .

B e ho d, l my l ord , se e C it t a at t hy g a t e ,
l l
An d i k e t hy se f , hi s he a rt ha s b rou g ht hi m g a in .

On heari n g this the kin g repeated the fourth stan za

The n a rt t hou Cit t a or t he t a l e di ds t he a r ,

F rom hi m, or di d s om e ot he r ma k e t he e k n ow ?
Thy hy mn i s v e ry s we e t : I ha v e no f e a r;
A vi ll a g e and a b ou n t y 1 I b e s t ow .

e d (pie c e s of mon e y ) :
hu n dr c h li v ll
1
Lit . a or ( wi t ht he s o a st ) A hu n dre d i a ge s I
”
do b e s t ow .
3 78 A LO S T FRIEND FOUND BY A S ONG
The n the lad repeated the fift h stan za
I am n ot Ci t t a , b u t I he a rd t he t hin g .

I t wa s a sa g e l a id on m e t hi s comma n d

Go an d re ci t e an a n sw e r t o t he k in g ,

An d b e re w a rde d b y hi s g ra t e fu l ha n d .

Hearin g thi s the ki n g thought It must be my brother

, ,
“

Citta ; n ow I ll go a n d s e e hi m ; t he n he laid hi s biddi n g

’ ”

u po n his m e n in the words of these two stan zas :

Come y o k e t he roy a l cha ri ot s so fin e l y wrou g ht a n d m a de

, ,

G ird u p w i t h g irt hs t he e l e p ha n t s i n n e ck l e t s b ri g ht a rra y e d , .

B e a t dru m s f or joy a n d l e t t he con chs b e b l ow n

,

P re p a re t he svvi ft e s t cha ri ot s I own

F or t o t ha t he rmi t a g e I w il l a wa y ,

To se e t he sa g e t ha t sit s wi t hi n , t hi s da y .

S o he spoke ; the n m ou n ti n g his fin e chariot he wen t ,

swi ftly to the park gate There he checked his chariot .

,

and approa ched wise Citta with a n obeisan ce a n d sa t ,

down on on e side ; greatly pleased he recited the eighth ,

stanza
A p re ciou s
hy mn i t w a s I sa n g so sw e e t
Whi l e t hron g in g m u l t i t u de s a rou n d me p re s se d ;
F or n ow t hi s hol y s a g e I come t o g re e t
An d all is joy an d g l a dn e s s i n my b re a s t .

Happy from the i n stan t he saw wise Citta he gave all ,

n ecessary directio n s bidd in g prepare a seat for his brother

, ,

a n d repeated the n i n t h sta n za

A cce p t a se a t ,
an d f or y ou r f e e t f re sh w a t e r : i t i s ri g ht
To offe r g i ft s of f ood t o g u e st s : a cce t , a s w e in v i t e p .

After this sweet i n vitatio n the ki n g repeated an other ,

stanza o fferi n g him the hal f of his ki n gdom

,

L e t t he m m a k e g l a d t he p l a ce w he re t hou sha l t dw e l l
L e t t hron g s of w a it in g w ome n w a i t on t he e ;
0 let me s he w t he e t ha t v
I l o e t he e w e l l ,
An d l e t us b ot h k in g s he re t og e t he r b e .
3 80 A LO S T FRIEND FOUND BY A S ONG
The ki n g rej oi ced as the Great Bei n g spoke
repeated three stan z as
T ru e i s t ha t w ord, 0 B rot he r ! w hich y ou sa y
l
Y ou l i k e a ho y sa i n t y ou r w ords d i ct a t e
B u t my de s i re s a re ha rd t o ca s t a w a y
B y su ch as I a m ; t he y a re v e ry g re a t .

As l pha n t s de e p su n k e n in t he m ire
e e

Ca n n ot cl i mb ou t a l t hou g h t he y s e e t he l a n d
,

S o s u n k e n i n t he S l ou g h of s t ron g de s ire
,

U p on t he B re t hre n ’
s Path I ca n n ot st a n d .

A s f a t he r or a s m ot he r w ou l d t he ir s on

A dmon i sh, g ood a n d ha pp y how t o g row

H ow ha pp i n e s s a ft e r t hi s if e i s w on l
Te ll me , an d b y whi ch wa y I ou g ht t o g o .

The n the Great Bei n g said to him

0 l ord of m e n ! t hou ca n st n ot ca st a wa y

The s e p a s sion s w hi ch a re common to ma n k i n d

Let n ot t hy p e op l e u n j u st t a x e s pa y ,

E qu a l a n d ri g ht e ou s rul i n g l e t t he m fin d .

Se n d m e ss e n g e rs t o n ort h, sou t h, e a s t , a n d we s t
The b ra hmi n s a n d a s ce t i cs t o i n v i t e
P rovi de t he m f ood a n d dri n k , a p l a ce t o re s t
Cl ot he s , a n d a l l e l se t ha t m a y b e re q u i s i t e .

G i v e t hou t he f ood an d dri n k w hi ch sa t is fie s

Sa g e s l
d ho y b ra hmin s , f u
an of f a i t h ll
Who g i e s a n d rul e s a s w e a s i n hi m i e s
v ll l
W il l g o t o he a e n a ll b a me e ss a ft e r de a t h
v l l .

B u t i f, s u rrou n de d b y t hy w om a n k i n d
T hou f e e l t hy p a ss ion an d de s i re t oo s t ron g,
Thi s v e rs e of p oe t ry t he n b e a r i n mi n d
An d si n g i t i n t he m idst of a l l . t he t hron g

No roof to s he lt e r from t he sk y , a m i d t he dog s he l a y ,

But m ot he r n u rs e d hi m as s he wa l ke d : b u t he s a
’
k
i n g t o da y -
.

’
Such was the Great Bei n g s advice The n he said .
,

I have given y o u my coun sel A n d n ow do you be come .

a n ascetic or n ot as y ou thi n k fit ; but I will follow up the

,
 K ING S IVI 3 81

ripen i n g of my own deeds Then he rose up in the air .

,

a n d shook off the dust of his feet over him a n d departed to

’

Himalaya A n d the ki n g saw it a n d was greatly moved ;

.
,

a n d relinquishi n g his ki n gdom to his eldest s on he called ,

ou t his army a n d set his face in the directio n of Himalaya

, .

When the Great Bei n g heard of his coming he we n t with ,

his atte n dan t sages a n d received him a n d ordai n ed him ,

t o the holy life a n d taught him the mean s of i n duci n g ,

mystic ecstasy He developed the Faculty of mystical .

meditatio n Thus these two together became desti n ed for

.

’
Brahma s world .

S L m
ee i Vi eu Or J v 1 1 1 ff wh di c
an n n th J i v r io I t
en n a . . .
,
o s u sse s re e a n e s ns .

i
s t i ll y
e s se n f l kt la f tw f i d wh di c v
a o ch t h b y m
a e o f o r en s, o s o er ea o er e ans o a

f i dm y
re ra n , a n c h v t d i v dic p a n it iha
a on e D m y t i imil ly
a e s oo n a e ur a or sa . a a an s ar

se nd t m
s ou g wh p t ve i d t di c v r h l t h b d N l
e ss e n e rs o re ea a rse n or e r o s o e e r os us an a a,

M b h 11 ch 53 —7 9
. 1 . d ki g A i d m i J a t 52 9 p 4 2 0 Cf t h le g d f B l d l
.
,
an n rn a a n .
,
. . . e en o on e ,

t h mi t l f R h d I I I who di c v e e d him imp i

e n s re o lc e d b y t h Emp
ar r i ,
s o r r son e e ro n

t he c t l e f D
as te i o u rre n s n .

KING S IVI
O n ce u pon a time when the mighty K i n g S ivi reigned ,

in the city of Aritt ha pu ra in the ki n gdom of S ivi the Great ,

Bein g was born as his s on They called his n ame Prin ce .

'

S ivi Whe n he grew up he we n t to Ta k k a sil a and studi ed

.
,

there ; then return in g he proved his k n owledge t o his ,

father the ki n g a n d by him was made viceroy At hi s ,

.

father s death he became king himself a n d forsaking the

’

, ,

ways of evil hé kept the Te n Royal Virtues and ruled in

,

righteousn ess He caused six alms halls t o be builded at

.
-
,

the fou r gates in the midst of the city and at his own , ,

door H e was mu n ifice n t in di stributi n g each day six

.

hundred thousan d pieces of mo n ey O n the eighth four .

,

t e e n t h a n d fiftee n th days he n ever missed visiti n g the

,

alms halls to see the distribution made

-
.
3 82 K I NG S IVI
Once on the day of the full moon the state umbrell a ,

had been uplifted early in the mor n i n g a n d he sat on ,

the royal thro n e thi n ki n g over the gifts he had given .

Thought he to himself Of all outside thi n gs there is ,

“

n othin g I have n ot give n ; but this ki n d of givi n g does

n ot co n te n t me I wan t to give somethi n g which is a

.

part of mysel f Well this day when I g o t o the alms hall

.
,
-

I vow that if a n y on e ask n ot somethin g outside me but ,

—
name what is part o mysel f if he should men tion my
f
ve ry heart I will cut ope n my breast with a spear a n d as
, ,

though I were drawi n g up a water lily stalk a n d all from -

, ,

a calm lake I will pu ll forth my heart dripp in g with

,

blood clots a n d give it him : if he should n ame the flesh

-

of my body I will cut the flesh off my body a n d give it

, ,

as though I were grav in g with a gravin g tool : let him

name my blood I will give him my blood droppin g it in
, ,

hi s mouth or fil li n g a bowl with it : or again if on e say I , ,

can t get my household work don e come a n d do me a

’

slave s part at home then I will leave my royal dr ess a n d

’

stan d without proclaimi n g mysel f a slave a n d s l ave s

, ,
’

work I will do : should a n y me n deman d my eyes I will ,

tear ou t my eyes a n d give them as o n e might take out ,

the pith of a palm tree Thus he thought withi n him

-
.

I f t he re b e a n y hu m a n g i ft t ha t I ha v e n e v e r m a de ,

B e i t my e y e s I ll g i v e i t n ow a l l firm a n d u n a fra i d
’
, , .

The n he bathed hi mself with sixteen pitchers of per

fu med water a n d adorn ed him in all his magn ificen ce
, ,

a n d after a meal of choice food he mou n ted upo n an

elephan t richl y caparison ed a n d went to the alms hall -

.

S akka perceivi n g hi s resolutio n thought Kin g Sivi

, , ,
“

has determi n ed to give his eyes to a n y chan ce comer who

”
may ask Will he be able t o do it or n o ?
. He deter ,

min ed to try him ; a n d in the form of a brahmin ol d and ,

3 84 KING S IVI
S o much the ki n g said But thin ki n g it n ot meet that .
,

he Should root ou t his eyes a n d bestow them there a n d

then he brought the brahmi n i n doors with him a n d sittin g
, ,

on the royal thro n e se n t for a surgeo n n amed S i va k a , .

”
Take out my eye he the n said , .

Now all the city ran g with the n ews that the ki n g ,

wished to tear ou t his eyes a n d give them to a brahmi n .

Then the comman der in chief a n d all the other ofli cia l s - -
, ,

a n d those be l oved of the ki n g gathered together from ,

city a n d harem a n d recited three stan zas that they might

, ,

turn the ki n g from his purpose

0 do n ot g i v e t hi n e e y e my l ord ; de s e rt u s n ot 0 k in g !, ,

G i v e m on e y pe a rl s a n d cora l g i v e a n d ma n y a p re ci ou s t hi n g
, ,

G i v e t horou g hb re ds ca p a ri s on e d f ort h b e t he cha ri ot s roll e d ,

0 k i n g dri v e u p t he e l e p ha n t s a l l fin e w i t h cl ot h of g ol d
,

The se g iv e , 0 kin g ! t ha t w e ma y a ll p re s e rv e t he e s a fe a n d sou n d,

Thy fa i t hf u l pe op l e ,
wi t h ou r ca rs a n d cha ri ot s ra n g e d a rou n d .

Hereupo n the ki n g recited three stan z as

The sou l w hi ch ha vi n g sw orn t o g i v e i s t he n u n fa it hful
, , fou n d,
P u t s hi s own n ec k wi t hi n a s n a re l ow hi dde n on t he g rou n d .

T he s ou l w hi ch, ha v i n g s w orn v
t o g i e , i s t he n u n fa i t hf u l fou n d,
M ore f u l i s t ha n a n d he t o Y a m a s hou se i s b ou n d
’
s in s in , .

Tha t w hich i s ked

I g i v e , a n d n ot t he t hi n g he a s e t h n ot ,
as k
Thi s v
t he re fore w hi ch t he b ra hmi n a s s, I g i e i t on t he s ot k p .

“
Then the courtiers asked What do , y ou desire in
”
givi n g your eyes ? repeatin g a stan za
L i fe , b ea u ty , joy or st re n g t h— w ha t i s t he p riz e ,

0 k in g w hi ch mot ive f or y ou r de e d s u pp li e s ?
,

Why shoul d t he k i n g of S i vi l a n d s u p re me -

F or t he n e x t w orl d s s a k e t hu s b e s t ow hi s e y e s ?
’

The kin g an swered them in a stan z a

I n g i v i n g t hu s n ot g l ory i s my g oa l
, ,

N ot s on s n ot w e a l t h or k i n g dom s t o con t rol

, ,

Thi s i s t he g ood ol d w a y of hol y me n ;

v
Of g i i n g g i ft s e n a mou re d i s my soul .
 K ING SIVI 3 85

To the Great Bei n g s words the courtiers an swered ’

n othi n g ; s o the Great Bei n g addressed S i v a k a the surgeo n

in a stan za
A fri e n d a n d co mrad e , S iv a k a , a rt t hou
Do as I b id t he e —t hou ha st Sk i ll e n ow

T a k e ou t my e y e s, f or t hi s i s my d e s i re ,
A n d i n t he b e g g a r s ha n ds b e st ow t he m ’
n ow .

“
But S i v a k a said Bethi n k y ou my lord ! t o give o n e s
, ,
’

eyes is n o light thi n g — S i va k a I have co n sidered ; do n t .

“
,
’

delay n or talk t oo much in my prese n ce

, The n he .

“
thought It is not fitti n g that a skilful surgeon like me
,

”
should pierce a ki n g s eyes with the lan cet so he pou n ded ’

a n umber of simples r u bbed a blue lotus with the powder , ,

a n d brushed it over the right eye : rou n d rolled the eye ,

a n d there was great pai n Reflect my ki n g I ca n make “

.
, ,

” ”
it all right Go on friend n o delay please
. Again , , , .

he rubbed in the powder a n d brushed it over the eye : ,

the eye started from the socket the pai n was worse than ,

”
before Reflect my ki n g I ca n still restore it
.
, Be , .

quick with the j ob A third time he smeared a sharper

’
powder a n d applied it : by the drug s power roun d we n t
,

the eye o u t it came from the socket a n d hun g dan gli n g

, ,

at the e n d of the te n do n Reflect my ki n g I ca n yet .

“
, ,
” ”
restore it agai n Be quick The pai n was extreme
. .
,
’
blood was trickli n g the ki n g s garme n ts were stain ed with ,

the blood The ki n g s wome n a n d the courtiers fell at

.
’

“
his feet cryin g My lord do n ot sacrifice your eyes !
, , ,

loudly they wept a n d wailed The ki n g e n dured the pai n .

,

” ”
a n d said My frien d be quick Very well my lord
“ “
.
, , , ,

said the physician ; a n d with his left ha n d graspin g the

eyeball took a k n ife in his right a n d severi n g the tendon , ,

laid the eye in the Great Bein g s han d He gazi n g with ’

.
,

his left eye at the right and enduri n g the pai n sai d , ,

F . a T . 25
3 86 KING S IVI
Brahmi n come here ,When the brahmin came n ear .
,

he we n t on The eye of omniscie n ce is dearer than this

eye a hun dred fold aye a thousa n d fold : there y ou have,

my reaso n for this actio n a n d he gave it to the brahmin , ,

who raised it and placed it in his own eye socket There .

it remai n ed fix t b y his power like a blue lotus in bloom .

When the Great Bei n g with his left eye s a w that eye in
his head he cried— Ah how good is this my gift of a n
,
“
,

eye ! a n d thrilled straightway with the j oy that had arise n

withi n him he gave the other eye also Sakka pla ced this
, .

also in the pla ce of his own eye a n d departed from the ,

ki n g s palace a n d then from the city with the gaze of the

’

, ,

multitude upo n him a n d we n t away to the world of gods , .

I n a short while the k i n g s eyes began to grow ; as

’

they gre w a n d before they rea ched the t op of the holes

, ,

a lump of flesh rose up i n side like a ball of wool fil lin g ,

the cavity ; they were like a doll s eyes but the pai n
’

ceased .The Great Bei n g remai n ed in the pala ce a few

days The n he thought What has a blin d man to do
.
,
“

with rul in g ? I will han d over my ki n gdom to the courtie rs ,

a n d go i n to my park a n d be come a n as ceti c a n d live as

, ,

a ho l y m a n ”
He summo n ed his court iers a n d told them
.
,

O n e m a n said he
”
what he in ten ded to do shall be .
“
, ,
“

with me to wash my fa ce a n d s o forth a n d t o do all that

, , ,

is proper a n d y ou must faste n a cord to guide me t o the

,

retiri n g p l a ces Then calli n g for his charioteer he bade

.
,

him prepare the chariot But the courtiers would not .

allow him to go in the chariot ; they brought him ou t in

a golden litter a n d s e t him dow n by the lake side a n d
, ,

the n guardi n g him all aroun d return ed The ki n g sat in

, ,
.

the l itter thin ki n g of his gift .

At that mome n t Sakka s thro n e be came hot ; a n d he ’

po n deri n g perceived the reaso n I wil l offer the ki n g a .

“
3 88 K ING S I VI

Eve n as he uttered the words on e of his eyes grew up ,

in the socket . Then he repeated a couple of stan zas to

restore the other :
A b ra hmi n ca m e t o v i s i t me on e of my e y e s t o cra v e
,

U n t o t ha t b ra hmi n m e n di ca n t t he p a ir of t he m I g a v e .

A g re a t e r joy a n d more de l i g ht t ha t a ct i on di d a fford .

l
I f t he s e my s o e mn words b e t ru e , b e t he ot he r e y e re st ore d !

On the in stan t appeared his se con d eye But these .

eyes of his were n either n atural n or divi n e A n eye .

give n by Sakka a s the brahm i n can n ot be n atural we ,

kn ow ; on the other han d a di v me eye can n ot be pro ,

du ce d in a n ythi n g that is i n j ured But these eyes are .

called the eyes of the Attai n me n t of Truth At the .

time whe n they came in to exi ste n ce the whole royal ,

retin ue by S akka s power was assembled ; a n d S akka

’

stan din g in the midst of the thro n g uttered praise in a ,

couple of stan zas

O fost e ri n g K i n g of S i vi l a n d t he s e hol y hy m n s of t hi n e
,

H a v e g a i n e d for t he e a s b ou n t y fre e t hi s p a i r of e y e s di v i n e .

Throu g h rock a n d w al l o e r hil l a n d da l e w ha t e v e r b a r m a y b e

’
, , ,

A hu n dre d l ea g u e s on e v e ry s ide t hos e e y e s of t hi n e s ha ll s e e .

Havin g uttered these stan zas poised in the air before ,

the multitude with a last coun sel to the Great Bei n g that
,

he sho u l d be vigilan t S akka return ed to the world of

,

gods A n d the Great Bei n g surroun ded by his retin ue

.
, ,

we n t back in great pomp to the city a n d e n tered the ,

p a lace called Gan daka the Pea cock s Eye The n ews
’

.
, .

that he had got his eyes agai n spread abroad all through
the Ki n gdom of Sivi Al l the people gathered together
.

to s e e him with gifts in their han ds

,
Now all thi s multi .
“

“
tude is come together thought the Great Bei n g I shall
, ,

”
praise my gift that I gave He caused a great pavi l io n
.

to be put up at the pala ce gate where he seated himself ,

 K ING S IVI 3 89

upo n the royal thro n e with the white umbrell a spread ,

above him The n the drum was se n t b eat i n g about the

.

“
city to collect all the trade guilds The n he said O
, .
,

people of S ivi ! n ow you have beheld these divi n e eyes ,

”
n ever eat food without givi n g somethi n g away ! a n d he

repeated four stan z as declari n g the Law ,

Who ,
if he ’
s as ked t o g iv e , w oul d a n s w e r n o,
l
A t hou g h i t b e his b e s t a n d choi ce st p ri z e ?
P e op le of S i vi t hron g e d i n con co u rse , ho !
Come hi t he r, se e t he g ift of G od, my eyes !
T hrou g h roc k and wa ll , o er
’
hill an l
d da e , w ha t e e r b v ar ma y b e,
A hu n dre d le a g u e s on e v e ry s i de t he s e e y e s of mi n e ca n se e .

Self -
sa cri fi ce in a l l me n mort a l li v i n g ,

Of all t hi n g s i s mos t fi n e
I s a cri fi ce d a mort a l eye ; and g i vi n g ,
R e ce i v e d a n e y e di v i n e .

S e e , pe Opl e ! s e e , g iv e e re y e e a t , l e t ot he rs ha v e a sha re .

Thi s don e w i t h y ou r b e st w ill a n d ca re ,

B l a me l e s s t o he a ve n y ou s ha ll re p a ir .

these four verses he declared the Law ; a n d after

In
that every fort n ight on the holy day eve n every fiftee n th
, , ,

day he declared the Law in these same verses without

,

cessatio n to a great gatheri n g of people Hearing which .

,

the people after givi n g alms a n d doi n g good deeds ,

attai n ed t o heave n .

Th f m f t h t l
e or f S ivi i wh i c h t h k i g g i v
o e hi fl ht
a e o v dv f m ,
n e n es s es o sa e a o e ro

I d
n ra(S kk ) di g i d a h wk cc
a i P (T ) II I 7 M b h I ch 1 3 9 1 3 1
s u se as a a ,
o u rs n . . .
,
. II . .
, ,

S m
o I 88 (i
. VI . Schmidt p 1 7 A b ddhi t igi f it F k y i it h
. . . u s or n o ,
as ra n e sa s, s ne er

p v bl
ro a p b bl S m h
e n or v ri t f b ddhi t f m ( j a t k ) Th h ly
ro a e . o . as a a an o u s or a a a ,
e o

L XXII (ii I t h J a t k m a l a II d A dd t h Iv 4
B oa r . .

g n d e a a . an sa na -
a a a . e .

F t h ki g
e e r, fte h vi g di t i b t d ll hi w l t h h
n ,
a er t h i g t o gi v t
a n m ll s 1 u e a s ea ,
as n o n e o s a

ce t l h
r a u re s, so s as hi b dy d p it t t h m q it
es S kk t h pp
s o an ex os e s o e os u oe s . a a en a e a rs

as a v lt u d t h ki g ff
u re , a n hi b dy Th p S kk b c m b hmi d
e n o e rs s o . e re u on a a e o es a ra n an

d m d t h ki g Th t l f th k i g cc i t hi j a t k i
’ ’
e an s y e n
y s e es . e a e o e n s e es o u rs , a s n s a a, n

C ar P it
. III d i f d t i t h Q t i f M il i d Iv 1 4 2 (t p
. V .
,
an s re e rre o n e u es on s o n a . . r. .

A J i v i i g iv i J J M y Hi d T l 30 1 L d
’
a n e rs on s en 1 909 nIt i . . e ers n u a es ,
on on , . s

ill t t d
u s ra e t h B h h t S t p pL X L III 2
on Il l t t i
e f b th t l
ar u w f d u a, V . . u s ra on s o o a es e re ou n

b th P
y ei T f p dit i ( 1 90 6 — 7) i t h c v f
ru s s a n ur a n e x ck t mpl e on s n e a es o a ro e e .
 THE EVIL S OF S TRONG DRINK

O n ce upo n a time whe n B ra hma da t t a was rulin g in

Benares a forester n amed S ura who dwel t in the
, , ,

ki n gdom of K a si wen t to the Himalayas to seek for

, ,

arti cles of merchan dise There was a cert ain tree there .

that Spran g up to the height of a m a n with his arms

exte n ded over his head a n d the n divided into three ,

parts I n the midst of it s three fork s was a hole as big

.

as a wi n e j ar a n d when it rai n ed this hole was filled with

,

water Roun d about it grew two myrobalan pla n ts and

.

a pepper shrub a n d the ripe fru its from thes e when they ,

were cut down fell i n to t he hole Not far fi om thi s tree

, .

was some self sown paddy The parrots woul d plu ck the
-
.

heads of rice a n d eat them perched on this tree An d , .

while they were eati n g the paddy a n d the husked rice fell
,

there S o the water ferme n ti n g through the su n s heat

.
,
’

assumed a blood red colour I n the hot seaso n flo cks

-
.

of birds bei n g thirsty dra n k of it a n d becomi n g in t ox i

, , ,

ca t e d fell dow n at the foot of the tree a n d after s l eepi n g ,

awhile flew away chirpi n g merri l y A n d the same thi n g

, .

happen ed in the case of wild dogs mo n keys a n d other ,

creatures The forester on seei n g this said If this were

.
, , ,
“

poiso n they would die but after a short sleep they go ,

away as they list ; it is n o poiso n A n d he himself dra n k .

of it a n d becomi n g i n toxicated he fe l t a desire to e a t

,

flesh a n d then maki n g a fire he killed the partridges a n d

,

co cks that fel l down at the foot of the tree a n d roasted ,

their flesh on the live coal s a n d gesticul atin g with on e ,

han d a n d eati n g flesh with the other he remai n ed on e or

, ,

two days in the same spot Now n ot far from here lived .

a n as ceti c n amed Varu n a

, The forester at other times .

also used to visit him a n d the thought n ow stru ck him, ,

392 THE EVILS OF S TRONG DRINK
guard them they boun d cats on e to ea ch j ar A n d whe n
, , .
,

the liquor ferme n ted a n d began t o escape the cats dran k ,

the stro n g dri n k that flowed from the i n side of the j ars ,

and getti n g i n toxi cated they lay down to sleep ; a n d rats

came a n d bit off the cats ears n oses teeth a n d t a ils ’

, , .

The ki n g s o fficers came a n d told the kin g The cats

’

,
“

”
have di ed from drin ki n g the l iquor The ki n g said .
,

S urely these me n must be makers of poiso n a n d he

”
,

ordered them both t o be beheaded a n d they died cryin g , ,

ou t, Give us stro n g drin k give us mead

“
The ki n g , .
,

after putti n g the m e n to death gave orders that the j ars ,

should be broke n But the cats whe n the e fl e ct of the

’

.
,

liquor wore ofl ; g o t up a n d walked about a n d played

‘
.

Whe n they s a w this they told the ki n g The ki n g said

,
.
,

“
If it were poiso n they wo u ld have died ; it must be
,

”
mead ; we will d ri n k it So he had the city de corated
.
,

a n d s e t up a pavilio n in the pala ce yard a n d taki n g his

seat in t his sple n did pavilio n on a royal thro n e with a

white umbrella raised over it a n d surroun ded by his ,

courtiers he began to dri n k The n Sakka the ki n g of

, .
,

the gods said Who are there that in the duty of se rvice
, ,
“

to mother a n d the l ike dilige n tly fulfil the three k in ds

”
o f right co n duct ? A n d looki n g upo n the world he s a w , ,

the ki n g seated t o dri n k stro n g dri n k a n d he thought ,

If he shall dri n k stro n g drin k all I n dia will perish ,

I will s e e that he shall n ot dri n k it S o pla ci n g a j ar fu l l .

,

o f the liquor in the palm of his ha n d he we n t disguised , ,

as a brahmi n a n d stood in the air in the prese n ce of the

, ,

ki n g a n d cried
, Buy this j ar buy this j ar
,
“
Ki n g ,
.

S a b b a mit t a o n see in g him sta n di n g in the air a n d

,

S peaki n g after this man n er said Whe n ce ca n this “

, ,

brahmi n come ? a n d co n versi n g with him he repeated

three stan zas
 THE EVIL S OF S TRONG DRINK 39 3

Who a rt t hou B e in g f rom on hig h , ,

W hose form e mit s b ri g ht ra y s of l ig ht ,

L i k e l e v i n fl a sh a t hw a rt t he sk y ,

Or moon i l l u m i n g da rk e s t n i g ht ?

To ri de t he p a t hl e s s a i r u p on ,

T o mo v e or s t a n d i n s i l e n t s p a ce
Re a l i s t he p ow e r t ha t t hou ha s t won ,

A n d p ro v e s t hou a rt of g odl ik e ra ce .

The n , b ra h m in , w ho t hou a rt d e c a re , l
A n d w ha t wi t hi n t hy ja r ma y b e,

Tha t t hu s a pp e a ri n g i n m i d a i r,
l s e ll t hy w a re s t o me
T hou f a i n w ou dst

The n S akka said Hearke n the n to me and , , ,

poun di n g the evil qualities of stro n g dri n k he said ,

Thi s ja r n or oil n or g he e dot h hol d ,

N o hon e y or mol a s s e s he re ,

B u t v i ce s m ore t ha n ca n b e t ol d
A re s t ore d w i t hi n i t s rou n de d S p he re .

Who ll fal l p oor s i ll y fool

dri n ks wi , ,

I n t o s om e hol e or pi t i mp u re ,

Or he a dl on g s i n k i n l oa t hs ome p ool
A n d e a t w ha t he w ou l d f a i n a b j u re .

B u y t he n , 0 k in g , t hi s ja r of min e ,
F ul l t o t he b ri m of s t ron g e s t wi n e 1

An d a ft e r dri n k i n g t hi s , I w e e n ,
A n dha k a v e n hu ’
s mi g ht y ra ce ,

R oa mi n g l
a on g t he s hore , w e re se e n

T o fa ll , e a ch b y hi s k i n sm a n ’
s m a ce .

B u y t he n e t c .

T he A s u ra s m a de dru n k wi t h w i n e
Fe ll f rom e t e rn a l he a v e n , 0 k in g ,

Wi t h a ll t he i r ma g i c p owe r di vi n e :

The n who wou d t a s t e t he l a ccu rs e d t hi n g ?

B u y t he n et c .

N or cu rds n or hon e y swe e t i s he re ,

But e v e rmore re m e mb e ri n g
Wha t ’
s s t ore d w i t hi n t his rou n de d s p he re ,

B u y, p rit he e ,
b uy m y ja r, 0 k in g .

1
19 st a n z as de s c ib i
r ng t he e vil e ffe ct s of st ron g drin k a re mit t e d
o .
394 THE EVIL S OF S TRONG DRINK
On
heari n g this the king recogn i zin g the misery ,

caused by drin k wa s so pleased with S akka that he ,

san g his pra ises in two stan zas :

N o p a re n t s ha d I s a g e t o t e a ch lik e t he e ,

B u t t hou a rt k in d and me rcif ul , I se e ;

A se e ker
t he H i g he s t Tru t h al w a y ;
of

T he re fore I w i ll
ob e y t hy w ords t o da y -
.

L o ! fiv e choi ce v il l a g e s I own a re t hi n e ,
Twi ce fif t y ha n dma i ds , s e e n hu n dre d k i n e , v
A n d t he se t e n ca rs w i t h s t e e ds of p u re s t b ood, l
F or t hou ha s t cou n s e ll e d me to m in e own g ood .

Sakka on hearin g this revealed his godhead a n d

made hi mself k n own a n d stan di n g in t he air he repeated ,

two stan zas

The s e hu n dre d s l a v e s 0 k i n g m a y s t ill b e t hi n e , , ,

A n d e k e t he v il l a g e s a n d he rds of k i n e ;
N o cha ri ot s y o k e d t o hi g h b re d s t e e ds I cl a im ; -

S a kk a chi e f g od of Thi rt y Thre e my n a me

, ,
.

E n joy t hy g he e , ri ce , m il k an d s odde n me a t ,
S
t il l b e con t e n t t hy hon e y ca ke s t o eat .

Thu s , k in g l
de i g ht i n g i n t he T ru t hs I v e
,
’
p re a che d ,

P u rs u e t hy b l a m e l e s s a t h, t i H e a e n is p ll v re a che d .

Thus did Sakka admo n is h him a n d the n return ed to

his abode in Heaven A n d the k i n g abstai n i n g from .
,

stro n g dri n k ordered the dri n ki n g vessels t o be broke n

,
.

A n d un dertaki n g to keep the precepts a n d d ispe n si n g

alms he became desti n ed to Heave n But the dri n ki n g
,
.

of stro n g dri n k gradua l ly developed in I n dia .

The v e rs ion in J a t a k a m a l a x vi r . doe s n otgi v the e l e g e n d of t he orig in of s t ron g

drin k . h
Lik e t is t a l e it re t a in s t he pu ra n i c v i e rs on of t he de st ru t ion c of t he
s on s of A n dha k a v e n hu (t he te n sl a v e b re t h re n ) b y st ron g drin k , a s a g a in st t he form
of t he s t 0 1y in J at . 454 , p 323. .
396 THE WHITE S IX TU S KED ELEPHANT -

these t e n thi ckets were ea ch a l eag ue in exten t Next .

came a thicket of various kin ds of kidn ey bean s Next .

came a tan gle of co n volvulus cu cumber pumpki n gourd , , ,

a n d other creepers Then a grove of sugar can e of the

.
-
.

size of the areca n u t tree Then a grove of plan tai n s with

-
.

fruit as big as elephan t s tusks The n a field of paddy ’

. .

Then a grove of bread fruit of the size of a water j ar -

.

Next a grove of tamari n ds with luscious fruit The n a .

grove of e l e pha n t a ppl e trees The n a great forest of

~ .

differe n t ki n ds of trees The n a bamboo grove Su ch . .

at this time was the mag ifi e e o this regio

n c n c f n — its
prese n t magn ifi ce n ce is described in the S a my u t t a C om
me n tary— but surroun di n g the bamboo grove were seve n
moun tai n s Starti n g from the extreme outside first came
.

Little Bla ck Mou n tai n n ext Great Bla ck Moun tai n then
, ,

Water Moun tai n Moo n Moun tai n S u n Moun tai n Jewel

, , ,

Mou n tai n the n the seve n th in order Golde n Mou n tai n

, .

This was seve n leagues in height risi n g all roun d the l ake ,

C ha dda n t a l ike the rim of a bowl

, The i n n er side of it .

wa s o f a golde n colour From the light that issued from

.

it lake C ha dda n t a sho n e like the n ewly risen s u n But .

of the outer moun tai n s on e was s ix leagues in height on e

, ,

five on e four on e three o n e t wo on e a si n gle league in

, , , ,

height Now in the n orth east c orn er of the lake thus

.
-

girt about with seve n mou n tai n s in a spot where the wi n d ,

fel l upo n the water grew a big ban yan tree Its trun k
, .

was five leagues in cir cumfere n ce a n d seve n leagues in

height Four bran ches spread six leagues to the four
.

poi n ts of the compass a n d the bra n ch whi ch rose straight

,

upwards was six leagues So from the root upwards it .

w a s thirtee n leagues in he ight a n d from the extremity of ,

the bran ches in on e dire ctio n to the extremity of the

bran ches in the opposite directio n it was twelve leagues .
 THE WHITE S IX TU SK ED ELEPHANT -
397

An d the tree was furn i shed with eight thousan d shoots

a n d stood forth in all its beauty like to the bare Jewel ,

Moun t But on the west side of lake C ha dda n t a in the

.
,

Golden Moun t was a golden cave twelve leagues in

, ,

exte n t C ha dda n t a the elephan t ki n g with his followi n g

.
,

of eight thousan d elephan ts in the rai n y seaso n lived in ,

the golde n cave ; in the hot seaso n he stood at the foot

of the great ban yan tree amo n gst its shoots welcomi n g
, ,

the breeze from o ff the water Now on e day they told .

him The great S a l grove is in flower

,
“
S o attended by .

his herd he was mi n ded to disport himself in the S a l

grove and goi n g thither he struck with his fro n tal globe
,

a S a l tree in ful l bloom At that mome n t C u l l a su b ha dda

.

stood to wi n dward a n d dry twigs mi x ed with dead leaves

,

and red an ts fell upo n her perso n But M a ha su b ha dda .

stood to lee ward and flowers with poll e n a n d stalks a n d

,

gree n leaves fell on her Thought C u l l a su b ha dda He

.
,
“

let fall on the wife dear to him flowers a n d polle n a n d

fresh stalks a n d leaves but on my perso n he dropped a
,

mixture of dry twigs dead leaves a n d red a n ts Well

, .
,

”
I shall kn ow what to do ! An d she co n ceived a grudge
agai n st the G reat Bein g A n other day the ki n g elephan t
.

a n d his atte n dan t herd we n t dow n t o lake C ha dda n t a t o

bathe Then t wo youn g elephan ts took bu n dles of u si ra

.

root in their tru n ks a n d gave him a bath rubbi n g him ,

down as it were moun t Ke l a sa A n d whe n he came ou t .

of the water they bathed the two quee n elephan ts a n d

, ,

they t oo came ou t of the water a n d stood before the

Great Bein g The n the eight thousan d elephan ts e n tered
.

the lake a n d disporti n g themselves in the water plu cked

, ,

various flowers from the lake a n d adorn ed the Great ,

Bei n g as if it ha d been a silver shri n e a n d afterwards ,

adorn ed the queen elephan ts Then a certai n elephan t .

,
398 THE WHITE S I X TU S KED ELEPHANT -

as he swam about the lake gathered a large lotus with ,

seve n shoots a n d ofl e re d it to the Great Bei n g An d he

’

.
,

tak in g it in hi s trun k sp ri n kled the pol len on his fore

,

head a n d prese n ted the flower to the chief elephan t ,

M a ha su b ha dda O n seei n g this her rival said

. This ,
“

lotus wi th seven shoots he also gives to his favourite

”
quee n a n d n ot t o me a n d agai n she co n ceived a grudge
,

agai n st him .Now on e day whe n the B o dhisa t t a had

dressed lus cious fruits a n d lotus stalks a n d fibres with the
n ectar of the flower a n d was e n tertai n i n g five hu n dred
,

p a cceka buddha s C u l l a su b ha dda o ffered the wild fruits

,

she had got t o the pac ceka buddhas a n d s he put up a ,

‘

prayer to this e fl e ct : Hereafter whe n I pass hen ce may , ,

I be re bor n as the royal maide n S u b ha dda in the Madda

-

ki n g s family a n d on comi n g of age may I atta in to the

’

di gn ity of quee n co n sort t o the ki n g o f Be n ares The n .

I shall be dear a n d charmi n g in his eyes a n d in a positio n ,

to do what I please So I wi ll speak to the ki n g and

.

sen d a hun ter with a poiso n ed arrow to wou n d a n d slay

this elephan t A n d thus may I be able to have brought
.

to me a pair of his tusks that emit s ix coloured rays -

.

Then ceforth she took no food a n d pin i n g aw ay in n o lo n g

time she died a n d came to life agai n as the child of the
,

queen co n sort in the Madda ki n gdom a n d was n amed ,

S u b ha dda . An d whe n s he w a s of a suitable age they ,

gave her in marriage to the ki n g of Be n ares A n d she .

w a s dear a n d pleasi n g in his eyes a n d the chief of s ixtee n ,

thousan d wives An d she recalled to mi n d her former

.

existen ces a n d thought My prayer is fulfil led ; n ow will ,

“

I have this elephan t s tusks brought t o me Then She

’
.

an oi n ted her body with commo n oil put on a soi l ed robe , ,

a n d lay in bed prete n di n g to be si ck The ki n g said .

,

Where is S u b ha dda ? A n d heari n g that she was sick ,

400 THE WHITE S IX TU S KED ELEPHANT -

The queen on hearing this addressed them

, , an d spoke
another stan z a
Ye hu n t e rs b ol d a s s e mb l e d he re , ,

U n t o my w ords I p ra y g i v e e a r , ,

D re a mi n g m e t hou g ht a n e l e p ha n t I sa w
, ,

S ix t u s k e d 1
-
an d w hi t e wi t hou t a fl aw
H is t u s k s Iv e a n d fa in w ou l d ha v e ; cra
N ou g ht e l se a v a i l s m y li f e t o s a v e .

The hun ters on hearin g thi s replied , ,

Ne ’
er di d ou r s i re s i n t ime s of ol d
A s ix -
k l p
t u s e d e e ha n t b e ho d l :

Te ll us k i n d of
w ha t b e a st m ig ht b e
T ha t w hi ch a pp e a re d in dre a ms t o t he e .

After this st ill an other stan za was Spoken by them

F ou r poi n t s N ort h S ou t h E a s t W e s t on e s e e s
, , , , , ,

F ou r i n t e rme di a t e a re t o t he s e ,
N a di r and ze ni t h a dd, a n d t he n
Sa y at poi n t of a l l t he
w hi ch t en
Thi s roy a l e l e p ha n t m i g ht b e ,

Tha t i n a dre a m a pp e a re d t o t he e .

After these words S u b ha dda looki n g at all the hu n ters , ,

Spied amo n gst them on e that was broad of foot with a ,

cal f swollen like a food basket big in the kn ee a n d ribs , ,

thick bearded with ye l low teeth disfigu red wi th scars

-
, , ,

head a n d shoulders above all a n ugly hulki n g fe ll ow , , ,

n amed S on u t t a ra who had o n ce bee n a n e n emy of the

,

Great Bei n g A n d she thought He wil l be able to do

.
,
“

my biddi n g a n d with the kin g s permissio n s he took him

,
” ’

with her a n d climbi n g to the highest floor of the seve n

,

storeyed palace she threw ope n a wi n dow to the North

, ,

a n d stret chi n g fort h her han d towards the Northern

Himalayas she uttered four stan zas
1 The Sch olia s t ex pl a in s cha b his a n a (S a n sk rit sha di is ha na ), six t u sk e d, -
as

h b b a n na vis a n a , six
o u - -
c
ol ou re d t u s s , pe r k hp
a s more c ompl e t e l y t o ide n t ify t he he ro

of t he s t ory wi t ht h e B u dd h a. The h a l o of t he B u ddh a wa s of si x -

c ol ou re d ra y s .
 THE WHITE S IX TU S KED ELEPHANT -
40 1

Du e n ort h, b e y on d s e ve n mou n t a i n s va st

On e come s t o G o de n C iff l l at la s t ,

A he i g ht b y g ob l in forms p os s e s s e d
fl
A n d b ri g ht wi t h owe rs from f oot t o cre st .

B e n e a t h t hi s g ob l i n pe a k is se e n

A l
c ou d s ha -
pe d mas s da rk e s t g re e n ,
of

A roy al b a n ya n t re e w hos e root s

Yie dl v ig ou r to e ig ht t hou sa n d s hoot s .

The re dwe l ls in vi n cib le in m ig ht

Thi s e e l p ha n t , six - k
t u s e d a n d whi t e ,
Wit h he rd e ig ht t hou s a n d s t ron g for fi g ht .

The i r t u s k s t o cha ri ot pol e s a re li k e -

,

W i n d swif t a re t he y t o g u a rd or s t ri k e
-
.

P a n t in g g ri m t he y s t a n d a n d g a re ,
an d l
l
P rov ok e d b y s i g ht e s t b re a t h of a i r,
I f t he y on e b orn of ma n s hou d se e , l
The ir wra t h co n s u me s hi m u t te r ly .

S o n u t t a ra on heari n g this was terrifi ed to death and

said :
Tu r qu ois e or p e a rl s of ll
b ri i a n t s he e n ,

Wi t h m a n y a go d l a dorn me n t , qu e e n ,

In hou s e s ma y b e s e e n
roy a l .

Wha t w ou l dst t hou t he n wi t h i vory do,

Or wil t t hou s l a y t he s e hu n t e rs t ru e ?

Then the quee n spoke a stan za

Con s u me d wi t h g ri e f a n d s p it e a m I,
Whe n I re ca my i n ju ry ll .

G ra n t me , O
hun t e r, w ha t I cra v e ,
A n d fiv e choi ce ha m l e t s t hou s ha l t ha v e .

An d with this she said Fri en d hunter whe n I gave , ,

a gift to the pacceka buddhas I o ffered up a prayer that ,

I might have it in my power to kill this six tusked elephan t -

a n d get possession of a pair of his tusks This was n ot .

merely see n by me in a vision but the prayer that I ,

o ffered up wil l be fulfilled D o thou go a n d fear n ot . .

An d so sa yi n g she reassured him And he agreed t o her .

F . & T .
40 2 THE WHITE SIX TUSKED ELEPHANT -

“
words a n d said So be it lady ; but first make
, ,

to me a n d tel l me where is his dwelli n g place -

quiri n g of her he spoke this stan za

Whe re dwe l l s he ? Whe re ma y he b e f ou n d ?
Wha t roa d i s hi s for b a t hi n g b ou n d ?
,

Whe re doe s t hi s roy a l cre a t u re s w i m ?

T e ll u s t he w a y t o ca p t u re hi m .

The n by recallin g her former existe n ce s he clearly sa w

the spot a n d told him of it in these two stan zas
N ot fa r t hi s b a t hi n g p l a ce of hi s -
,

A de e p a n d g oodl y p ool i t i s ,

The re b e e s do s w a rm a n d fl ow e rs a b ou n d ,

A n d t he re t hi s roy a l b e a s t i s f ou n d .

N ow l ot u s crown e d f re s h f ro m hi s b a t h
-
, ,

H e g l a dl y t a k e s hi s home w a rd p a t h ,

A s li l y w hi t e a n d t a ll he m o v e s
-

B e hi n d t he q u e e n he fon dl y l o v e s .

S on u t t a ra
heari n g this agreed sayi n g Well lady
on , ,
“
, ,

I wi l l kill the elephan t a n d bri n g you his t u sks The n .

in her j oy she gave him a thousan d pie ces a n d said Go ,

“

home meanwhi l e a n d at the e n d o f seve n days you Sha l l

,

”
set ou t thither and dismissin g him she summo n ed smiths
,

a n d gave them an order a n d said Sirs we have n eed “

, ,

of a n axe a spade an a n e r a hammer a n instrume n t

, g , , ,

for cuttin g bamboos a grass cutter a n iro n staff; a peg

,
-

, ,

a n iro n three pro n ged fork ; make them with all speed
-

a n d bri n g them to us An d se n din g for workers in

.

leather she charged them sayi n g Sirs y o u must make

, , ,
“
,

us a leather sack the size of a hogshead measure ; we

,

n eed leather ropes a n d straps shoes big e n ough for ,

a n elephan t a n d a leather parachute : make them with

,

all speed a n d bri n g them to us A n d both smiths a n d .

workers in leather qui ck l y made everythi n g a n d bro u ght

a n d o ffered them to her Havi n g provided everythi n g .
404 THE WHITE S IX TUSKED ELEPHANT
-

in the bamboo grove a n d climb in g to the top of the

thicket he laid a si n gle bamboo which he had cut over
, , ,

the n ext clump of bamboos a n d thus creepin g alo n g on

,

the top of the thicket he reached a morass Then he .

spread a dry plan k on the mud a n d steppin g on it he

,

threw another plan k before him a n d s o crossed the morass .

The n he made a can oe a n d by mean s of it crossed the

flooded regio n a n d at last stood at the foot of the moun
,

tai n s The n he bou n d a three pro n ged grappli n g iro n

.
- -

with a rope a n d flin gi n g it aloft he caused it to lodge fast

in the mo u ntain The n climbin g up by the rope he drilled
.

the mou n tai n wi th a n iro n sta ff tipped with adaman t ,

a n d k n ockin g a peg i n to the hole he stood on it The n

.

drawing out the grapplin g iro n he o n ce more lodged it

-

high up on the moun tain a n d from this position letti n g

,

the leather rope han g down he took hold of it a n d

,

descen ded a n d faste n ed the rope on the peg below Then .

seizin g the rope with his left han d a n d taki n g a hammer

in his right he struck a blow on the rope a n d havi n g ,

thus pul l ed ou t the peg he o n ce more climbed up I n .

this way he moun ted to the top o f the first moun tai n a n d
the n comme n ci n g his desce n t on the other side havi n g ,

kn ocked as before a peg i n to the top of the first mou n tai n

a n d bou n d the rope on his leather sack a n d wrapped it

rou n d the peg he sat with in the sack a n d let himself

,

down un coili n g the rope like a spider l etti n g out his

,

thread The n letti n g his leather parachute catch the

.

wi n d he we n t dow n like a bird

,
— s o at least they say .

Thus did the Master tell h n obedie n ce to S u b ha dda s

’

( o w i
words the hu n ter sallied forth from the city a n d traversed
seve n tee n di ffere n t tra cts till he rea ched a mountain ous
regio n a n d how he there crossed over six moun tai n s a n d
,

climbed t o the top of Golde n Cliff :

 THE WHITE S IX TU SK ED ELEPHANT -
405

The hu n t e r he a ri n g , u na ar l me d ,

S e t f ort h w i t h b ow and q u ive r a rme d ,

An d cross i n g
’
o e r se ve n mou n t a i n s va st

R e a che d n ob e l l
G o de n C iff l at la st .

l
G a i n i n g t he g ob i n ha u n t e d he ig ht , -

Wha t c ou d sha p e d ma s s b u rs t s on his

l -
s i g ht ?
A roy a l b anyan ’
t i s w hose root s

S u pp ort e i g ht t ho u sa n d s p re a din g s hoot s .

The re s t ood i n vi n ci b le in mi g ht
An l p ha n t
e e six -
t u ske d an d w hi t e ,
W i t h he rd e i g ht t hou sa n d s t ron g for fig ht
The i r t u s k s t o cha riot p ol e s a re l i k e -

Wi n d s wi ft a re t he y t o g u a rd or s t ri k e
-
.

H a rd b y a p ool— t i s f u ll t o t he b ri m
’
,

F i t p l a ce for roy a l b e a s t t o s wi m ;
I t s l ov e l y b a n k s w i t h fl owe rs a b ou n d
'

An d b u z z i n g b e e s s w a rrn a ll a rou n d .

M a rk i n g t he w a y t he cre a t u re w e n t
Whe n e e r on b a t hi n g t hou g ht i n t e n t ,
’

H e su n k a pit , t o de e d so me a n
U rg e d b y t he w ra t h of s p it e fu l q u e e n ) .

Here con ti n ues the regular story : the hun ter it is ,

said after seve n years seve n mo n ths a n d seve n days

, , ,

havi n g reached the dwellin g place of the Great Bei n g in -

the man n er relate d above took n ote of his dwelli n g place ,

-

a n d dug a pit there thi n ki n g I will take my stand here “

, ,

a n d wou n d the lord o f elepha n ts a n d bri n g about his

”
death Thus did he arran ge matters a n d we n t i n to the
.

forest a n d cut down trees to make posts a n d prepared a

lot of kusa grass The n when the elephan ts wen t to bathe
-
.
,

in the spot where the kin g elepha n t used to stan d he dug ,

a square pit with a huge matto ck a n d the soil that he dug ,

ou t he spri n kled o n the top of the water as if he were ,

sowi n g seed a n d on the top of sto n es l ike mortars he fixed

,

posts a n d fitted them with weights a n d ropes a n d spread

,

pla n ks over them Next he made a hole of the Size of a n

.
406 THE WHITE SIX TU S KED ELEPHANT -

arrow a n d threw on the t op eart h a n d rubbish a n d on on e ,

side he made a n e n tran ce for himself a n d s o whe n the pit , ,

was fin ished at break of day he faste n ed on a false t op

,

k n ot a n d do n n ed robes of yellow a n d takin g his bow a n d ,

a poison ed arrow he wen t down a n d stood in the pit

, .

(The Master to make the whole thi n g clear said

“
, ,

The pit w i t h p l a n k s he fi rs t did hide ,

The n b ow i n ha n d he g ot i n s i de ,
l
A n d a s t he e e p ha n t p a s s e d b y ,
A mig ht y s ha ft t he w re t ch l e t fl y .

The w ou n de d b e a s t l ou d roa re d wi t h p a in ,

An d a ll t he he rd roa re d b ac k a g a in :

Cru s he d b ou g hs an p
d t ra m l e d g ra s s b e t ra y
Whe re p a n i c fl i g ht di re ct s t he i r w a y .

The i r l ord
ha d w e ll n i g h s l a i n hi s foe ,
S o m a d wi t h p a i n w a s he , w he n 10 !
A rob e of y e ll ow me t his e y e s ,
E mb l e m of s a i n t hood, s a g e s g u i se
’

An d de e me d i n vi ol a t e b y t he w i s e ) .

Great Being fal li n g i n to co n versatio n

,

spoke a coup l e of stan zas

W hos o is m a rre d w i t h s i n fu l t a in t
An d v oid of t ru t h and se l f re s t ra i n t
-
,

Thou g h i n y e l ow he
rob e d l ma y b e,

The l
y e l ow dre ss de s e rv e s n ot he .

Bu t t ha t s f re e from S i n fu l
’
on e t a in t ,
E n du e d wi t h t ru t h a n d s e l f re s t ra i n t
-
,

An d fi rml y fi x e d in ri g ht e ou s n e s s ,

D e s e rv e s t o w e a r t he y e l l ow d re s s .

So sayi n g the Great Bei n g exti n guishi n g all feeli n g

, ,

of a n ger towards him asked him sayi n g Why did you , , ,

woun d me ? Was it fo r your o wn advan tage o r were you

”
suborn ed by some on e else ?
1
The c o h
mme n t a t or a dds t is t o ma k e it cl e ar t h at t he v e rse s t h at foll ow a re pa 1t
of t he v
n a rra t i e a n
,
d n ot s po ke n by ch a ra ct e rs in t he t a l e . S imil a rl y on p 40 5
. .
40 8 THE WHITE S IX TU SK ED ELEPHANT -

blood drop from his mouth resign i n g hi mself to the ,

ago n y asked sayi n g Sir can n ot you cu t them ?

, , An d ,
“
,

on his s ayi n g No he recovered his prese n ce of mi n d

“
,

and said Well then si n ce I myself have n ot stren gth

, ,

en ough to rai se my trun k do you lift it up for me a n d let ,

it seize the e n d of the saw The hun ter did so : a n d the .

Great Bei n g seiz ed the s a w with his tru n k a n d moved it

backwards a n d forwards a n d the tusks were cut off as it ,

were sprouts The n biddi n g him take the tusks he said

.
, ,

“ ’
I do n t give y ou these fri e n d hun ter because I do n ot , ,

value them n or as on e desiri n g the positio n of Sakka

, ,

M a ra or Brahma but the tusks of om n iscie n ce are a,

hu n dred thousa n d times dearer to me than these are ,

a n d may t h i s meritorio us a ct be to me the cause of

attai n i n g Om n iscie n ce A n d as he gave him the tusks .
,

he asked H o w lo n g were y ou comin g here ?

,
“
Seve n
years seve n mo n ths a n d seve n days
, Go the n by the,
.
“

magi c power of these tusks a n d you shall reach Be n ares ,

in seve n days A n d he gave hi m a safe co n duct a n d let

.

hi m go A n d after he had se n t hi m away before the other

.
,

elephan ts a n d S u b ha dda had return ed he was dead ,

.

Whe n he was go n e the herd of elephan ts n ot fi n din g ,

their e n emy came back .

A n d with them al so came S u b ha dda a n d they all the n ,

a n d there with weepi n g a n d lame n tatio n betook them to

the pacceka buddhas who had bee n s o frien dly to the

Great Bei n g a n d said Sirs he who supplied you with
, ,
“
,

the n ecessaries of l ife ha s died from the woun d of a

poiso n ed arrow Come a n d see where his dead body is
.

exposed A n d the five hun dred pa cceka buddhas passi n g

.
”

through the air a l ighted in the sa cred e n cl osure At that .

mome n t t wo youn g elepha n ts lifti n g up the body of the ,

ki n g e l ephan t with their tusks a n d so causi n g it to do ,

 THE THREE WI S E BIRD S 40 9

homage to the pacceka buddhas raised it aloft on a pyre ,

a n d burn ed it The pacceka buddhas all through the .

n i ght rehearsed scripture texts in the cemetery The .

eight thousan d elephan ts after extin guishi n g the flames , ,

first bathed a n d the n with S u b ha dda at their he ad , ,

return ed to their place of abode .

A n d S on u t t a ra wi thi n seve n days reached Be n ares

with his tusks .

Now in o fferi n g them to the quee n he said Lady the , ,

“
,

elephan t agai n st whom y ou co n ceived a grudge in your

,

”
heart for a trifli n g o ffe n ce has bee n slai n by me Do ,
.

y o u tell me that he is dead ? she cried A n d he gave .

he r the tusks sayi n g Be assured that he is dead : here , ,

”
are his tusks She received the tusks adorn ed with Six
.

difl e re n t coloured rays on her j ewelled fa n a n d placi n g

’

, ,

them on her lap gazed at the tusks of on e who in a former ,

existe n ce had bee n her dear lord a n d s he thought This ,

“

fellow has come with the tusks he cut from the auspicious
elepha n t that he Slew with a poiso n ed shaft An d at t he .

remembran ce of the Great Bei n g she was filled with so

great sorrow t hat she could n ot e n d u re it but her heart ,

then a n d there was broken a n d that very day she died .

F i J
e er n r A 1 8 9 5 N S v p 3 1 ff gi v
ou n . t dy f t hi j a t k c mp i g
s .
,
. . . . . es a s u o s a a o ar n

i t wit h J a t 7 2 1 2 2 2 6 7 4 5 5 J a t k ma l d x x
.
, ,
dfi v i S,
d c ip t i
,
a a x 1, a n ve e rs on s . ee a es r on

o f th m e t i cl imb i g i Th E l i t R k C l i mb b y M Rh y D id A lpi
ou n a n n n e ar es oo -
rs s av s, ne

J ou rn M y 1 89 1 (J P TS 1 8 9 7 — 1 90 1 p 80 if ) I t i il l t t d
. a .t h Bh h t ,
. . s u s ra e on e ar u

S t p pl
u a, r 6
. x x v . .

THE THREE WISE BIRD S

O n ce upo n a ti me B ra hma da t t a ruled in Be n ares a n d
had n o heir a n d his prayer for a s on or daughter was n ot
,

an swered Now on e day he we n t with a large escort to

.

his park a n d after amusi n g himself a part of the day in

410 THE THREE WISE BIRD S
the groun ds he had a couch spread for him at the foot of
the royal S a l tree a n d after a short n a p he awoke a n d , ,

lookin g up to the s a l tree he behe l d a bird s n est in it a n d

’

, ,

at the sight of it a desire to possess it spran g up in his

heart a n d summo n i n g on e of his atte n dan ts he said
, ,

C l im b the tree a n d see if there is an ythi n g in the n est

or n o t The m a n cl imbed up a n d fin di n g three eggs in
.
”

it told t he ki n g The n min d you do n ot breathe over.

“

them he said a n d spreadi n g some cotto n in a casket he

, , , ,

told the ma n to come down ge n tly a n d place the eggs in ,

it Whe n they had been brought down he took up the

.
,

casket a n d asked his courtiers to what bird these eggs

belo n ged They an swered We do n ot k n ow : hun ters

.
,

will kn ow The ki n g se n t for the hu n ters a n d asked

.

them Sire said they on e is a n owl s egg an other is

“ ’
.
, , ,
”
a may n ah bird s a n d the third is a parrot s
’ ’
Pray are
, .
“

there eggs of three di ffere n t birds in on e n est ? Ye s

“
,

Sire when there is n othi n g to fear what is carefully

, ,

”
deposited does n ot perish The ki n g bei n g pleased said .
,

They shal l be my childre n a n d committin g the three ,

eggs to the charge of three courtiers he said These shal l , ,

be my chil dre n Do you carefully watch over them a n d .

whe n the youn g birds come out of the shell l et me kn ow , .

’
They took good care of them First of all the ow l s egg .

was hatched a n d the courtier se n t for a hu n ter a n d said

, ,

“
Fi n d ou t the sex of the youn g bird whether it is a co ck ,

or a he n bird a n d whe n he had exami n ed it a n d decl ared

,

it t o be a cock bird the courtier wen t to the ki n g a n d said , ,

”
Sire a s on is born to you
, The ki n g was delighted a n d .

bestowed much wealth on him a n d sayi n g Wat ch care ,

full y over him a n d call his n ame V e ss a n t a ra he sen t him ,

away He did as he was told The n a few days afterwards

. .

the egg of the may n ah bird was hatched a n d the se co n d ,

412 THE THREE WI S E BIRD S
throu gh the city a n d wen t to the house where his son
lived V e ss a n t a ra treated the ki n g wi th great respect
.

a n d had great respe ct paid eve n to the slaves a n d hired

servan ts The ki n g after partakin g of food in the house

.
,

of V e ss a n t a ra a n d e n j oyi n g great distin ctio n retur n ed to

, ,

hi s own dwelli n g place The n he had a big pavilio n

-
.

erected in the palace yard a n d havi n g made proclamation -

, ,

by beati n g a drum through the city he sat in his magn i ,

fice n t pavilio n surroun ded by a great ret in ue a n d se n t

word to a courtier to co n duct V e ssa n t a ra to him The .

courtier brought V e ss a n t a ra on a golden stoo l The bird .

sa t on his father s lap a n d played with his father a n d the n

’

we n t a n d sa t on the stoo l The n the ki n g in the midst of .

the crowd of peop l e questio n ed him as to the duty of

a ki n g a n d spoke the first stan za :
’
Ti s t hi s I as k Ve s s a n t a ra —d e a r b ird m a y s t t hou b e b l e s t ,

To on e t ha t s f a i n o e r me n t o re i g n w ha t cou rs e of l if e i s b e st ?
’ ’
,

without an sweri n g the questio n di re ctl y

V e s s a n t a ra , ,

reproved the ki n g fo r his careless n ess a n d spoke the

seco n d stan za
K a m s a m y s ire w ho K a s i w on s o ca re l e s s l on g a g o
, , ,

U rg e d me hi s s on t hou g h f u l l of z e a l s t ill g re a t e r z e a l t o she w

, , .

Rebuki n g the ki n g in this stan za a n d sayi n g Sire , ,

a ki n g ought to rul e his ki n gdom righteous l y abidi n g in ,

”
the three truths a n d telli n g of a ki n g s duty he spoke
,
’

these sta n zas

F i rs t of a l l s houl d a k i n g pu t a w a y a ll f a l s e hood a n d a n g e r a n d s co rn
L e t hi m do w ha t a k in g ha s t o do, or e l s e t o his v ow b e f ors w orn .

By p a s s i on a n d s in led as t ra y , s hou ld he e rr i n t he pa st ,
it is p l a in
H e w il l li ve t o re pe n t of t he de e d, a n d w il l l e a rn n ot t o do i t a g a in .

W he n a p ri n ce in hi s ru e l g row e t h s acl k ,
u n t ru e t o hi s na me and

hi s f a me ,
S hou l d his w e a l t h a l l at on ce di s a pp e a r ,
of t ha t p ri n ce i t i s cou n t e d
a s s ha m e .
 THE THRE E WI S E BIRD S 413

’
Ti s t hu s t ha t G ood F ort u n e and L u ck , whe n as ked , t his a n s we r

ha v e t ol d,
I de li g ht i n a ma n f rom j e a lou sy f re e , e n e rg e t i c a n d b o ld .

I ll l u ck
,
w r
e ve r
e ck i n g g oo d f ort u n e , de ig ht e t h i n me n of il l de e ds , l
The ha rd he a rt e d cre a t u re s i n whom a s p iri t of e a ou s y b re e ds
-
j l .

To a ll , 0 g re a t k in g , be a f ri e n d, so t ha t a ll ma y t hy s a fe t y i n s u re ,
I l l L u ck pu t a wa y , b ut t o Lu c k t ha t i s g ood b e a dwe ll i n g s e cu re .

The ma n t ha t i s l u ck y and l
b o d, O t hou t ha t
’
o er K a s i dos t re ig n ,

W i ll de s t roy root and b ra n ch hi s foe s, and t o g re a t n e s s will s ure ly

at t a in .

F or Sa k ka hi mse lf, 0 k in g , i n e n e rg y w e a rie t h n ot ;

In vi rt u e he fi rmly ha t h st ood, t hrou g h e n e rg y s u ch i s hi s l ot .

G a n dha rv a s , t he fa t he rs , g ods , a re re fre s he d b y s u ch z e a

and l of a k in g ,

An d s p irit s a pp e a ri n g s t a n d b y , of h i s v i g ou r a n d e n e rg y s in g .

Be l
z e a ou s t o do w ha t i s ri g ht , n or, howe ve r re v i e d, y i e d t o s i n , l l
B e e a rn e st i n e ff ort s for g ood—n o s u g g a rd ca n b i ss e ve r wi n l l .

H e re i n i s t he t e x t of t hy du t y , t o t e a ch t he e t he wa y t hou S houl ds t g o
’
l
Ti s e n ou g h t o wi n b i s s for a fri e n d or t o w or g ri e v ou s il l f or a foe k .

Thus did the bird Ve ssa n t a ra in a si n gle stanz a rebuke

the careless n ess of the ki n g and the n in telli n g the duty ,

of a kin g in eleve n stan zas an swered his questio n with all

the charm of a Buddha The hearts of the multitude were .

fil led with wo n der a n d amazeme n t a n d i n n umerable shouts

of applause were raised The ki n g was tran spo rted with .

j oy a n d addressing his courtiers asked them what was to

be do n e for his son for havi n g spoke n thus He should
,
.

be made a ge n eral in the a i my Sire Well I give him '

, .
”

”
the post of ge n eral a n d he appointed V e s s a n t a ra to ,

the vacan t post The n cefort h placed in this positio n he

.

carried ou t hi s father s wishes Here e n ds the story of ’

.

’
V e s sa n t a ra s questio n .

Again the ki n g after some days j ust as before se n t , ,

a message to K u n d alin i a n d on the seve n th day he paid ,

her a visit and return in g home again he seated himself in

the centre of a pavilio n a n d ordered Ku n dali n i t o be
414 THE THREE WISE BIRDS
brought to hi m a n d whe n she was seated on a golde n ,

stool he q uestio n ed her as to the duty of a ki n g a n d

,

spoke this stan za

K u n da l i n i of k s ha t ri y a b irt h cou l dst t hou re sol ve my qu e s t
, , ,

To on e t ha t s f a i n
’ ’
o er me n to re i g n ,
w ha t co u rs e of l if e i s b e st ?

When the k in g thus asked her as to the duties of a

ki n g she said I suppose S ir y ou are putti n g me to the
, ,
“
, ,

test thi n ki n g What wi l l a woman be able to tell me so

I Wi ll tell y ou putti n g all your duty as a ki n g i n to j ust

,

two maxims a n d s he repeated these sta n zas ,

The m a t t e r my f ri e n d i s s e t f ort h i n a co u p l e of ma x i m s q u i t e p l a i n
, ,

To k e e p w ha t s oe v e r on e ha s a n d w ha t e v e r on e ha s n ot t o g a i n , .

T a k e a s cou n s e ll ors m e n t ha t a re wi se t hy i n t e re s t s cl e a rl y t o s e e , ,

N ot g i v e n t o ri ot a n d w a st e from g a mb li n g a n d dru n k e n n e ss f re e , .

S u ch a on e a s ca n g u a rd t he e a rig ht a n d t hy t re a su re wi t h a l l
p rop e r z ea h
As a cha ri ot e e r g u ide s hi s ca r, he wi t h s k i ll s t e e rs t he re a lm s ’

common we a l .

Kee p e ve r t hy f o lk we ll i n ha n d, d du y t a k e
an l s t oc k of t hy p e lf .

Ne ’
er t ru st t o a n ot he r a l oa n or de po s i t , b u t a ct f or t hy s e f l .

W ha t i s don e or u n don e t o t hy p ro fi t an d l oss l

i t i s w e l t hou S hou l ds t
k n ow ,

E ve r b l a me t he b l a me -
w ort hy and v
f a ou r o n t he m t ha t de s e rv e i t
b e st ow .

Tho u t hy s e l f , 0 g re a t k in g ,
S hou l ds t i n s t ru ct t hy p e op l e in e ve ry

g ood w a y ,
L e s t t hy re a m a n d t hy l s u b s t a n ce s hou l d fa ll to u n ri g ht e ou s offi ci a s l
a p re y .

Se e t ha t n ot hin g i s don e b y t hy s e l f or by ot he rs wi t h ov e rmu ch

s pe e d ,

F or t he f oo l t ha t so a ct s Wi t hou t dou b t wi l l li ve to re pe n t of t he
de e d .

T o w ra t h on e s hou l d ne ve r v
g i e w a y , n or l e t i t du e b ou n ds ove rfl ow
I t ha s l e d t o t he ru i n of k i n g s a n d t he p
rou de s t of hou s e s a id l ow l .

B e t ra y n on e , i n t ha t t hou a rt l ord , to a u g ht t ha t i s u se l e s s a n d va i n ,

N or b e come t hou t o w ome n an d me n t he ca u s e of t he i r s orrow a n d

p a in .
416 THE THREE WI S E BIRD S
a thousan d pieces of mo n ey i n to a n outstret ched ha n d he ,

began his expositio n of a ki n g s duty :

’

Amids t t he g re a t on e s of t he e a rt h a ve fo d p ow e r w e s e e ; fi l
Of t he se t he pow e r of l i mb s i s, s u re , t he as t i n i t s de g re e , l
An d p owe r of we a t h, l O
mig ht y ord, t he n e x t i s s a i d t o b e l .

The pow e r of cou n se t hi rd i n ra n k of t he s e , 0l i n g , I n a me ; k

The p
owe r of ca s t e wi t hou t a dou b t i s re c on e d f ou rt h i n fa m e , k
An d a ll of t he s e a ma n t ha t s w i se
’
m ost ce rt a i n l y wi ll cl a im .

Of a ll t he se p owe rs p ow e r of wi s dom k n ow n
t ha t on e i s b e s t , a s ,

B y s t re n g t h of t hi s a m a n i s wi se a n d ma k e s s u cce s s hi s own .

S houl d ri che st re a l m fa ll t o t he l ot of s ome p oor s t u p id Wi g ht ,

An ot he r wil l b y v i ol e n ce se i z e it i n hi s de s p i t e .

H owe v e r n ob le b e t he p rin ce w hos e l ot i t i s t o ru l e , ,

H e i s ha rd pu t t o l i v e a t a l l if he s hou l d p rov e a f ool , .

Ti s w i s dom t e s t s re port s of de e ds a n d ma k e s me n s fa me t o g row

’ ’
,

Who i s wi t h wi s dom g ift e d s t ill fi n ds p l e a su re e e n i n w oe ’

.

N on e t ha t he e dl e ss i n t he ir w a y s t o wis dom
a re ca n a t t a in ,

B u t mu st con s u l t t he wi se a n d j us t , or i g n ora n t re ma i n .

Who ear ly ri s i n g sha ll b e t ime s u n we a ri e d ly gi ve he e d

T o du t y
’
s v ari e d ca ll s , in lif e is ce rt a i n to s u cce e d .

No on e t ha t
’
s b en t on hu rt f u l t hi n g s or a ct s in l i st le s s mood
In a u g ht t ha t he ma y u n de rt a ke wi ll com e t o a n y g ood .

But on e t ha t wil l u n w e a ri e dl y a ri g ht fu l cou rse p u rsu e ,

Is s u re t o re a ch p e rfe ct ion i n w ha t e v e r he ma y do .

To s a fe g u a rd on e s s t orei s t o g a i n m ore a n d more ,

’

An d t he s e a re t he t hi n g s I w ou d ha v e t he e t o m i n d l
l
F or t he f oo b y i ll de e ds , l ik e a hou s e b u i t of re e ds , l
l l v
C o l a p se s a n d e a e s ra ck a n d ru i n b e hi n d .

Thus di d the B odhisa t t a in all these poi n ts si n g the

praises of the five powers a n d exalti n g the power of ,

wisdom like to on e striki n g the o rb of the moo n with his

,

words he admon i shed the ki n g in t e n stan zas

,

U n t o t hy p a re n t s ,
w a rri or k in g ,
do ri g ht e ou s ly ; a n d so

B y fo ll owi n g a ri g ht e ou s l if e t o he a ve n t hou , s ire , s ha lt

 THE THREE WI S E BIRDS 41 7

After utteri n g t e n stan zas about the way of righteous

n ess , still fu rther admo n ishin g the ki n g he spoke the
co n cludi n g stan za
H e re i n i s t he t e x t of t hy du t y t o t e a ch t he e t he w a y t hou S hou l ds t g o
,

F oll ow w i s dom a n d e v e r b e ha pp y t he Tru t h i n i t s f u l n e s s t o k n ow , .

Thus did the Great Bei n g as though he were letti n g ,

down the heave n ly Gan ges tea ch the Law with all the ,

charm of a Bud dha A n d the multitude paid him great .

ho n our a n d raised in n u merable Shouts of applause The .

ki n g was delighted a n d addressi n g his coun cillors asked ,

“
How ought my s on wise J a mb u k a with a beak like the , ,

fresh fruit of the rose apple t o be rewarded for havi n g -

spoke n thus ? With the post of comman der in chief - -

,
” ”
S ire . The n I o ffer him this post he said a n d appoi n ted , ,

him to the vacan t ofli ce a n d the n ceforth in the positio n of ,

comman der in chief he carried out the orders of his father

- -
.

Great hon our was paid to the three birds a n d all three of ,

them gave i n structio n in temporal a n d spiritual matters .

The kin g abidi n g in the admo n itio n of the Great Bei n g

, ,

by almsgivi n g a n d other good works became destin ed to

’
heaven The cou n cillors after performi n g the ki n g s
.

obsequies speaki n g to the b irds said My lord Jambu

, ,
“
, ,

the kin g ordered the royal umbrella to be raised over

you . The Great Bei n g said I have n o n eed of the ,
“

ki n gdom do y ou exercise rul e with all vigilan ce a n d

, ,

after establishin g the people in the moral law he said , ,

Execute j ustice a n d he had righteous j udgme n t in ,

scribed on a golde n plate a n d disappeared in the forest .

A n d his admo n itio n co n ti n ued in force forty thousan d

years .

S e e On Ta l k i ng B i rds i n H i n du F i ct ion ( Wi n disch F e s t s chrift ,

p . by
M B loomfi e l d ,
who doe s n ot re c og n ise t he owl as a k
t a l in g b ird . Of t he t a l k in g
.

pa rrot , ab o e, v pp 7 4 , 1 6 7 ; t he
. e ron , h p . 2 4 3, is prob a b l y a k in d of s pa rrow

The g oose , p
1 1 7 , b e l on g s ra t
. h er t o t he t a l in g k ani ma ls of fa b le .

F . &T . 27
A KING FINDS HI S FR I END THROUGH A SONG
O n ce upo n a time the Ma g a dha ki n g reign ed in
,

R aja g a ha The B o dhis a t t a was born to his chief quee n

.

and on his n ami n g day they call ed him pri n ce A rin da m a

-
.

O n the very day of his birth a s on was also born to the

royal chaplain a n d to him they gave the n ame of youn g
,

Souaka The two lads grew up together a n d when they

.

were of age they were exceedi n gly han dsome in appear ,

an ce n ot to be disti n guished on e from an other a n d they ,

we n t t o Ta k k a sil a a n d after bei n g trai n ed in all scie n ces

, ,

they left that place with the i n ten tio n O f learn i n g the
pra ctical uses of arts a n d lo cal Observan ces a n d gradually ,

in the course of their wa n deri n gs fou n d their way to

Be n ares There they took up their abode in the royal
.

park a n d n ext day e n tered the city That very day .

certai n m e n bei n g mi n ded to make a n O fferin g of food

to brahmi n s provided some rice porridge a n d arran ged -

seats a n d on seei n g these youths approach they brought

,

them i n to the house a n d made them sit upo n the seats

they had prepared O n the seat allotted to the B odhisa t t a
.

a white cloth was spread on that assign ed to S on a k a a red

,

woolle n rug O n seei n g this ome n Souaka at o n ce un der

.

stood t hat this day his dear frie n d A rin da ma would become
ki n g in Be n ares a n d that he would o ffer him the post of
,

comman der in chie f After they had fi n ished their meal

- -
.

they return ed together to the park Now it was the .

seve n th day sin ce the ki n g of Be n ares had died a n d the

royal house was without a n heir S O the coun cillors a n d .

the rest after washi n g themselves head a n d all assembled , ,

together a n d sayi n g Thou art t o go to the house of the

,
“

m a n that is worthy to be ki n g they started the festal car , .

O n leavi n g the city it gradually approached the park a n d

420 A KING F IND S HI S FR I END
Souaka a n d said Where in the world ca n Souaka be ?
,
“

An d time after time calli n g him t o mi n d he foun d n o o n e

to tell hi m sayi n g I have heard Of hi m or I have see n
,
“

hi m . A n d sitti n g cross legged on a royal thro n e upo n a

magn ifice n t dais surro u n ded by a compan y Of mi n strels
,

a n d mime da n cers in the e n j oyme n t of his glory he said

, , ,

Whosoever shal l hear from someo n e that S ouaka dwells

in such a n d such a place a n d shall repeat it to me t o him ,

I promise a hun dred pieces of mo n ey but whosoever shall ,

s e e him with h i s own eyes a n d shall tell me to him I ,

”
promise a thousan d pieces Of mo n ey a n d givi n g expres ,

sio n to this i n spired utteran ce in the form O f a so n g he , ,

repeated the first stan z a

A t hou sa n d crow n s for on e t ha t se e s my f ri e n d an d p l a y ma t e de a r,
A hu n dre d l o ! S ou a k a shou l d he a r
I g i v e if on e Of .

The n a n aut ch girl catchi n g it up a s it were from his , , ,

very mouth san g the words a n d the n an oth er a n d a n other

, ,

took it up till the whole harem thi n ki n g it was a favourite ,

air of the ki n g s all san g it A n d gradual ly both town s

’

, .

people a n d coun try fo l k san g the same so n g a n d the ki n g

-

t o o co n stan tly sa n g it At the e n d of fifty years the ki n g

.

had man y so n s a n d daughters a n d the e l dest s on was ,

c alled prin ce D ig h a vu At this time the pacceka buddha .

Souaka thought Ki n g A rin da ma is an xious to s e e me

,
“
.

I wil l go a n d explai n t o him the misery Of desires a n d the

b l essi n g of Re n un ciatio n a n d wil l shew him the way to ,

become a n as cetic A n d by his supern atura l power he

.

c o n veyed himself thither a n d took a seat in the park At .

that momen t a boy seve n years Old weari n g his hair in ,

five k n ots wa s se n t there by his mother a n d as he was

, ,

gatherin g sti cks in the park garde n he san g over a n d over

agai n this so n g S on a k a called the boy to him a n d asked
.

him sayi n g Why my lad do you always si n g the same

,
“
, ,
 THROUGH A S ONG 421

so n g a n d n ever si n g an ythi n g else ? Do y ou n ot kn ow

a n y other so n g ? I k n ow others holy Sir but this is , ,

”
ou r ki n g s favourite so n g a n d S O I co n sta n tly si n g it
’
.
,

Has a n y on e bee n foun d to si n g a refrain to this son g ?

”
N 0 Sir
, I will teach y ou on e a n d the n y ou ca n go
.
“

a n d si n g the refrai n before the ki n g

” ”
Yes S ir S O he .
, .

”
taught him the refrai n The thousan d give a n d the rest
of it a n d whe n the boy had mastered it he se n t him Off
, , ,

sayi n g G O my lad a n d si n g this refrai n before the ki n g

, , ,

a n d he w il l gran t you great power What have y ou t o do .

with gatheri n g sti cks ? Be off with y o u as quick as you

” ”
ca n. Very well said the boy a n d havi n g mastered the
, ,

refrai n a n d saluted S on a k a he said Holy Sir un til I ,

“
,

”
bri n g the ki n g do y ou remai n here With these words
, .

he we n t off as fast as he could t o his mother a n d said to

her Dear mother give me a bath a n d dress me in my
,
“
,

best clothes : to d ay will I free y ou from your poverty .

A n d whe n he had take n a bath a n d was smartly dressed ,

he we n t to the door of the palace a n d said Porter go ,

“
,

a n d tell the ki n g a n d say A certai n lad has come a n d ,

‘

eve n n ow stan ds at the door prepared to si n g a so n g with ,

S the porter made haste n d told the ki n g The

’

y o u
. O a .

kin g summo n ed him t o his prese n ce a n d said Frie n d ,

“
,

would y ou si n g a so n g with me ? Yes S ire The n ,

“

si n g it My lord I will n ot si n g it here but have a

.
“
, ,

drum beate n through the city a n d bid the people assemble

together I will si n g before the people The ki n g ordered
. .

this t o be do n e a n d taki n g his seat in the middle of

, ,

a couch un der a magn i fice n t pavilio n a n d assign i n g a

suitable seat t o the boy he said Now the n sin g your , ,
“

so n g . Sire he said you si n g first a n d the n I will si n g

, ,

a refrain to it The n the ki n g san g first repeati n g this

.
,

stan za :
422 A K ING FIND S HI S FRIEND
A t hous a n d crow n s for on e t ha t se e s my f ri e n d and p la y m a t e d e a r,
A hu n dre d l o ! v
I g i e if on e of S ou a k a s houl d he a r .

(The n the Master to make it clear ,that the boy with

his hair dressed in five kn ots san g a refrain to the so n g
begun by the ki n g in his state as perfe ct Buddha ,

repeated two li n es
The n u p a n d s p a k e t ha t l i t t l e b oy —fiv e t a n g l e d l ock s he w ore
The t hou s a n d g ive t o m e w ho s a w , w ho he a rd a hu n dre d more
I l l t e ll t he e n e w s of S on a k a , t hy
’
a y f e ow of y ore
”
pl ll .

The verses that follow are t o be take n in their Obvious

co n n exi o n

P ra y i n w ha t co u n t ry re a l m or t ow n ha t t hou a wa n de ri n g b e e n
, ,
s -

A n d w he re w a s S ou a k a my f ri e n d I p ri t he e t e ll m e se e n ?
, , ,

W it hi n t hi s re al m, i n t hi n e ow n p a rk is ma n y a b ig S al t re e
W it h l e a v e s da r k g re e n an d st e ms s o s t ra ig ht , a p l e as a n t s i g ht to
se e ;

l l
The i r b ra n che s de n se y i n t e r a ce d, c ou d i k e , t o he a v e n t he y l -
l ri s e ,

A n d a t t he i r foot 10 ! S
ou a k a i n m e di t a t ion ie s , l
Fi ll e d wi t h t he Arha t ’
s hol y ca l m, w he n hu m a n p a s s ion die s .

The k in g t he n s t a rt e d i n fu ll force an d l e v e lli n g t he roa d

H e m a de hi s w a y s t ra i g ht t o t he p l a ce of S on a k a ’
s a b od e .

The re w a n de ri n g m ids t an a mp l e v
g ro e w i t hi n hi s p l e a s u re g rou n d,
All p a ss ion l e s s ,
in s a in t ly b l is s , hi s fri e n d a t re s t he f ou n d .

Without saluti n g him he sat on on e side a n d by reaso n ,

of his bein g himself give n up to evil passio n he fan cied he ,

was some poor wretch a n d addressed him in this stan za

H i s p a re n t s de a d w i t h s ha v e n he a d cl a d i n in on k s rob e I s e e
‘

’
, ,

A wre t che d B rot he r i n a t ra n ce , s t re t che d he re b e n e a t h t his t re e .

On he a ri n g t hi s s a id S ou a k a ,
“
H e is no w re t che d w ig ht
Who i n hi s e v e ry a ct ion S ire , ,
ha s a ye a t t a i n e d t o ri g ht .

Na y ra t he r wre t che d t hos e w ho rig ht l

n e g e ct an d p ra ct i se il l ,
F or e vi l doe r e v il doom i s de s t i n e d t o f u lfil .
”

Thus did he rebuke the B o dhisa t t a a n d he prete n di n g ,

n ot to k n ow he was bei n g rebuked ta l ki n g in a frie n d l y ,

424 A KING FIND S H I S FRIEND
Thy ma n y l e ss in g s t hou ma y s t p ra i s e b u t wha t a m I t o do
b
Who w orl dl y p l e a s u re s S ou a k a s o g re e di ly p u rs u e ?
, ,

D e a r a re a ll hu ma n j oy s t o m e a n d he a v e n l y joy s a s w e ll ,

B u t how t o g a i n b ot h w orl ds a t on ce t o m e I p rit he e t e l l , , ,

.

Then the pa cceka buddha an swered him

W ho g re e dily on p l e a s u re b e n t t he ir w orl dl y l u s t s w ou l d s a t e ,

W ork w ick e dn e s s a whi le t o b e re b orn i n w oe f u l s t a t e

,
.

B u t t he y w ho l e a v e de si re b e hi n d t hrou g h l if e a l l f e a rl e s s g o ,

An d re a chin g co n ce n t ra t i on p u re a re
’
n e e r re -
b orn t o w oe .

H e re t e l l I t he e a p a ra b l e ;A ri n da m a , g i e he e d, v
S ome t ha t a re wi se t hrou g h p a ra b l e my m e a n i n g b e s t ma y re a d .

S e e ! b orn e a l on g on Ga n g e s ’
fl oode d t ide a ca rca s e v a s t ,

l
A f oo i s h crow t hou g ht t o hi m s e l f a s i t w a s fl oa t i n g p a s t ,

Oh w ha t a ca rri a g e v
I ha e f ou n d and g oodl y s t ore of food,
H e re wi ll I st a y b ot h n ig ht and da y , j
e n oy i n g b l i s s f u m ood ”
l .

SO eat s fl e sh of e l e p ha n t a n d dri n k s f rom G a n g e s s t re a m

he ’
,

A n d b u dg i n g n ot s e e s g ro v e a n d s hrin e p a s s b y hi m i n a dre a m .

Thu s he e dl e ss a n d on ca rri on v i l e s o a l l i n t e n t w a s he ,

The G a n g e s s w e p t hi m he a d l on g t o t he p e ri l s of t he s e a .

B u t w he n w i t h f ood e x ha u s t e d he p oor b i rd e ss a y e d a fl i g ht , , ,

N or e a s t n or w e s t n or s ou t h n or n ort h w a s a n y l a n d i n s i g ht .

Fa r ou t at se a ,
so w e a k w a s he , l on g e re he re a che d t he s hore ,

M ids t cou n t l e s s p e ri l s of t he d e e p he f e ll t o ri se no more .

F or crocodi e s a n d l m on s t e r fis h, w he re ou r p oor
fl u t t e re r l a y ,
Ca m e ra v e n in g a l l a rou n d qu i ck
and de vou re d t he i r u i e ri n g p re y q v .

S O t hou a n d a ll t ha t g re e dil y p l e a s u re s of s e n s e p u rs u e
A re de e me d as wi se as w a s t hi s crow , t il l ye a ll lu s t s e s che w .

M y p a ra b l e p rocl a i m s t he T ru t h T o i t , 0 k i n g , .
g ive he e d ,
Thy f a me f or g ood or il l w i ll g row a cco rdi n g t o t hy de e d .

Thus by mean s of this parable did he admo n ish the

kin g a n d in order to fix it firm l y in his mi n d he repeated
, ,

this stan za
I n p it y on ce n a y e v e n t w i ce u t t e r t he w a rn i n g w ord
, , ,

B u t k e e p n ot on re p e a t i n g i t l i k e s l a v e b e fore hi s l ord ,
.

T hu s i n hi s w i s dom i n fi n i t e did S ou a k a t he s e e r
I n s t ru ct t he k in g , an d t he n i n s p a ce s t ra ig ht w a y did dis a pp e a r .

(This sta n za wa s uttered by the Master as Buddha ) .

 THROUGH A S ONG 425

An dthe B odhis a t t a stood gazi n g on him as he passed

through the air so lo n g as he remai n ed withi n the ran ge
,

of his visio n but whe n he had passed ou t of sight he was

, ,

1
greatly agitated a n d thought This brahmi n l ow born ,
“
,
-

fellow that he is after scatterin g the dust from his feet

,

upo n my head though I am sprun g from a n unbroken

,

lin e Of n obles has disappeared in the sk y : I must t o day

,
-

ren oun ce the world a n d become a religious S O in his .

desire to j oi n the religious a n d give up his ki n gdom he

repeated a couple Of stan zas
Whe re a re my cha riot e e rs , de s p a t che d a w ort hy k in g t o fin d ?
I w ou l d n ot l on g e r re ig n ; he n ce fort h m y crown v
I ha e re s i g n e d .

To -
m orrow on e ma y di e , who k n ows ? I ’
ll b e orda i n e dt o da y , -

L e st , l i k e t he fool i sh crow I f a ll n e a t h p ,
’
a s s i on s b a n e f u l s w a y
’
.

On hearin g him thus abdicate his thro n e his coun cillors

said :
Thou ha st a son ,
D i g hav u na m e d, g ood y p ri n ce i s he ,
a l
By s p rin k l i n g ra i se hi m t o t he ll b e t hron e , f or he ou r k i n g sha .

Then begin n i n g with the stan za spoke n by the kin g

, ,

the verses in due order are to be un derstood in their

Obvious co n n exio n
T he n q u i ck l y b ri n g D i g ha v u he re a g oodl y p ri n ce i s he , ,

B y s p ri n k l i n g ra i s e hi m t o t he t hron e f or he y ou r k in g s ha ll b e , .

W he n t he y ha d b rou g ht Di g ha v u t he re , t he ir n u rsi n g in g t o b e , k
H is s ire a ddre s s e d hi s da r i n g b oy — a n on l y son w a s he
l .

F ul l six t y t hou s a n d l
v il a g e s I on ce did c a i m a s l mi n e ,
T a k e t he m , my s on , t o t he e he n ce fort h my k i n g dom I re s ig n .

To -
m orrow on e ma y di e , who k n ow s ? I ’
ll b e orda i n e d t o da y ; -

L e st , lik e l
t he f oo i s h crow , I fa ll ’
n eat h p a ss i on s b a n e f u l s w a y
’
.

Lo ! s ix t y t hou sa n d e e ha n t s w i t h s l p p l e n dou r a ll b e di g ht ,

W it h g irt hs of go ld , ca p a ri s on e d w i t h t ra pp i n g s g ol de n b ri g ht -
,

E a ch ridde n b y hi s ow n m a hou t , w i t h s p i k ed hoo k i n ha n d ,

Ta ke t he m , my s on ,
I g i v e t he m t he e a s ru e r of l t he la n d .

1
On a b ra hmin b e in g c lla e d hi n a ja cco s e e
-
B u dd hi st I n di a b y R . D vid p
a s, . 60 .
426 A KING FIND S HI S FRIEND
To -
morrow on e m a y die , w ho k n ow s ? ’
I ll b e orda i n e d t o da y ; -

L e st , l i ke t he f ool i s h crow , I f a ll ’
n eat h p a ss ion ’
s b a n e ful s w a y .

Lo ! s ix t y t hou sa n d hors e s he re , b e de ck e d i n b ri g ht a rra y

—S in dh hors e s ,
a ll of n ob e l b re e d and fle e t of f oot a re t he y
E a ch ridde n he n chm a n b ol d, wi t h sw ord a n d b ow i n ha n d ,
by a

T a k e t he m , m y s on , I g i v e t he m t he e a s ru l e r of t he l a n d .

To morrow on e m a y di e , w ho k n ow s ? I ll b e orda i n e d t o da y ;
-
’
-

L e s t , l ik e t he f ooli sh crow , I f a l l n e a t h p a s s i on s b a n e ful s wa y

’ ’
.

LO ! six t y t hou s a n d ca rs a ll k
y o e d, wi t h b a n n e rs y in g f re e , fl
Wi t h t ig e r s k in and p a n t he r hi de , a g org e ou s s i g ht t o s e e ,

E a ch dri v e n b y ma i l ed cha ri ot e e rs , a ll a rm e d wi t h b ow i n ha n d,
Ta k e t he m, m y s on ,
v
I g i e t he m t he e , a s ru l e r of t he la n d .

TO -
m orrow on e m a y di e , who k n ow s ? ’
I ll b e orda in e d t o da y ; -

L e s t , l ik e l
t he f oo i sh crow, I f a ll ’
n eath p as sion ’
s b a n e fu sw a y l .

Lo ! s ix t y t hou sa n d k in e so re d, wi t h b u ll s on e v e ryha n d,
Ta ke t he m , my s on ,
v
I g i e t he m t he e a s ru e r l of t he l a n d .

To -
morrow on e ma y di e , w ho k n o ws ? I ’
ll b e orda i n e d
t o da y ; -

L e st , l ik e l
t he f oo i s h crow , I f al l ’
n ea t h p a s s i on s b a n e f u
’
s wa y l .

H e re t w i ce e ig ht t hou sa n d m a ide n s f a i r i n g oo dl y e s t u re s t a n d, v
W i t h m a n y a e w e e d b ra ce e t de c e d a n d rin g s u on e a ch ha n d,
j ll l k p
k v
Ta e t he m , my s on , I g i e t he m t he e , a s ru l e r of t he a n d l .

TO -
m orrow on e ma y die , w ho k n ow s ? I ’
ll b e orda i n e d t o da y -

L e st , lik e l
t he f oo i s h crow , I f a ll ’
neat h p ’
a s s i on s b a n e fu sw a y l .

1
The y sa y to me , “
T hy mot he r de a r, al a s ! p oor b oy , i s d e a d, ”

I ca n n ot li v e w i t hou t t he e t oo . Al l joy from l ife i s fl e d .

As l
c os e b e hi n d ol d e e l p ha n t a y ou n g on e oft i s f ou n d
Mov i n g t hrou g h m ou n t a in -
pas s or w ood, o e r rou g h or e e
’
l v l g rou n d ,

S O b ow l i n ha n d I
’
ll ll
f o ow t he e , w he re e r t hou v ma y st l e a d ,

N or s hal t t hou fi n d m e b u rde n s om e or di fficu l t t o f e e d .

2 As oft so me shi p of m e rcha n t s se e k in g

g a in a t an y cos t
I s sw a ll owe d b y a w hi r lp l oo 3 a n d b ot h shi p a n d cre w a re l ost .

SO l e s t I fin d a st u mb l i n g -
b l ock i n t hi s un uc l ky b oy ,

I n s t a l hi m i n my p a l a ce t he re all p l e a su re s t o e n oy j
Wi t h m a i ds w hose ha n ds ca re s s i n g hi m w it h g l e a m in g g ol d a re

b rig ht ,
Li e k S a k k a m idst hi s n y mp hs di vi n e , he ’
ll e v e r ta ke l
de i g ht .

1
Th i d t h t w f l l wi g t
s an e z o o o n s an as a re s pok e n b y t he you n g pri n c e .

2
Th i d t h t w f ll wi g t
s an e z o o o n s an a s a re spok e n b y k in g Ari n da ma .

Th c mm t y mon st e r fish h p
“
3 e o pl i
en hd ar ex a ns eo ra a s a or w irl ool .
428 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
that the realm would utterly perish The kin g ope n ed .

his wi n dow a n d said Un der my rule n o m a n worketh ,

“

i n iquity Wherefore do ye reproa ch me ?

. True Sire “
, ,

they an swered n o on e worketh i n iquity but n o s on is ,

“
,

born to you to perpetuate the ra ce : a stran ger will seize,

upo n the kin gdom a n d destroy it Therefore pray for a .

“
s on who ca n rule your ki n gdom righteously I n my .

desire for a s on what am I to do ? First of all se n d

,

1
out i n to the streets for a whole week a ban d of dan cin g
women of low degree givi n g the act a religious san ction
—

— a n d if on e o f them sha ll give birth to a s on well a n d

,

good Otherwise se n d o u t a compan y Of fairly good

.

sta n di n g a n d fi n al ly a ban d of the highest ran k Surely

,
.

amon gst s o man y o n e woman will be fou n d of sufficien t

merit t o bear a s on The ki n g did a s they bade him a n d .
,

every seve n th day he i n quired of all such as had return ed ,

after taki n g their fill of pleasure whether a n y o f them ,

had co n ceived A n d whe n they all a n swered NO sire .

,
“
, ,

the kin g was n ow in despair a n d cried N O s on will be ,

born to me The me n O f the city agai n reproached him

.

as before The ki n g said Why do ye reproa ch me ? A t

.
,

your bid di n g compan ies of wome n were exposed in the

streets a n d n o on e of them has co n ceived What n ow am
, .

I t o do ? Sire they a n swered these wome n must be

“
, ,
“
‘

immoral a n d void of merit They have n ot suffi cie n t meri t .

t o co n ceive a s on B u t be cause they do n ot co n ceive you .

,

N at l m
1 m t ba ca d i t hi p g
se e f b d f d c i g gi l li k t h
s o e use n s as s a e o a an o an n r s, e e use

o f an K f b
o; d f o v ll a Th pi t h t
“
an ll m jjhi m j t th c
o re t w ll
e e rs .
”
e e e s cu a, a a ,
e a ,
an n o e

a l
pp y t t h g o f t h w m e a m p b b ly t t h i d g
e o f e k p h p o en ore ro a o e r e re e s o ra n ,
or er a s

m en t i th c
,
as f n ll jjhi m m ha i l n Th w m
e a se o d bt i
cu a -
in a a -
a -
s a i . e o en a re no ou n

m w y t t ch d t t h k i g c m mb f hi h m t h wi h c ld ’
so e a a at e o e n s ou r or e e rs o s a re o er se e ou

c c ly l k p
s ar e oo b t y f th m
u on hi h i a A t sont h l ic ti orn o an o e as s e r . s o e en ou s

Ob v c c
se r a n c t d wi t h t h d i t m v t h t il t y f w m t h d
es on n e e e e s re o re o e e s er i o o e n, e re a er

m y c
a lt C l m
on s u M yth l gy f th H i d p 37 8
o e dD b i
an s
’
dB ch mp o o o e n u s, .
,
an u o s an eau a
’
s

H i n du I f a n n e rs a n d Cu s t oms , P t . 1 11 . Ch iv p 6 00
. . . .
 THE UGLY BRIDEGRO O M 429

are n ot to relax your e fforts The queen co n sort S il a va t i .

, ,

is a virtuous woman Se n d her out i n to the streets A s on . .

will be born t o her The ki n g readi ly asse n ted a n d pro

.
”
,

claimed by beat o f drum that on the seve n th day from

that time the people were t o assemble a n d the ki n g would
expose S il a v a t i— givi n g the act a religious chara cter A n d .

on the seve n th day he had the quee n magn ifice n tly arrayed

a n d carried dow n from the palace a n d exposed in the

streets By the power of her vi rtue the abode o f S akka
.

man ifested sign s Of heat Sakka co n sideri n g what this .

,

might mean foun d that the quee n was an xi ous fo r a s on

,

a n d thought I must gran t her a s on and while

“
, , ,

wo n deri n g whether there was an yo n e in the world of gods

worthy t o be her s on he beheld the B odhisa t t a At thi s , .

time it is said havi n g passed through his existe n ce in the

, ,

heaven of the Thirty three he was l on gi n g to be born in -

,

a higher world S akka comin g to the door of his dwelli n g

.
,

“
pla ce summo n ed him forth sayi n g S ir you are to go to
, , , ,

the world O f m e n a n d to be co n ceived as the child of

,

”
O k k a k a s chief co n sort a n d the n he gai n ed the co n se n t
’

of an other divine bei n g a n d said A n d y ou t oo shall be ,

“

her son a n d that n o m a n might make a breach in her

,
”

virtue Sakka wen t disguised a s a n aged brahmi n t o the

,

door of the palace The people after washi n g a n d .

,

adorn i n g themselves each bein g min ded to possess the ,

quee n assembled at the royal e n tran ce but at the sight

, ,

Of S akka they laughed aski n g him why he had come , .

S akka said Why blame me ? If I am Old in perso n my

,
“
,

passio n s are un abated a n d I am come with the hope of ,

carryin g O ff S il a v a t i with me should I get her An d , .

with these words by his divin e power he got in fro n t of

,

them all a n d by reaso n of the maj esty that was in hi m n o

,

m a n coul d stan d before him a n d as the quee n stepped ,

430 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
forth from the palace arrayed in all her glory he took , ,

her by the han d a n d made Off with her The n such as .

stood there abused him sayi n g Fie on hi m a n O l d , ,

“
,

brahmi n is go n e O ff with a quee n Of peerless beauty : he

”
kn ows n ot what is becomin g to him The quee n too .

thought A n O l d ma n is carryin g me Off A n d she was

,
“
.

vexed a n d a n gry n a y disgusted The kin g stan di n g at , .

the ope n wi n do w looki n g to see who might carry Off the

,

quee n on seei n g who it was w a s highly displeased Sakka

,
.
,

es capi n g with her by the ci ty gate mira culously caused a ,

house to appear close at han d with its door ope n a n d ,

a bun dle Of sticks laid out ready I S this your abode ? .

s he asked Y e s lady hitherto I have bee n alo n e : n ow

“
.
, ,

there are two of u s I wi ll go my roun ds a n d bri n g home .

some husked rice D O you mean while lie down on this .

”
heap O f sticks A n d s o sayin g he ge n tly stroked her with
.
,

hi s han d a n d causi n g her to thrill with the divi n e touch

, ,

he the n a n d there laid her down a n d at his touch she ,

lost co n scious n ess The n by his supern atural power he .

tran sported her to the heave n of the Thirty three a n d set -

her down on a heave n ly couch in a magn ifice n t palace .

O n the seve n th day waki n g up she beheld this sple n dour ,

a n d k n ew that thi s was n o brahmi n but must be S akka ,

himsel f At thi s momen t Sakka was seated at the foot of

.

a coral tree surroun ded by heave n ly dan cers

-
, Risi n g .

from her couch she approa ched a n d saluted the god a n d

,

stood respe ctfu lly on on e side The n S akka sai d I give .

,
“

“
thee a boo n : choose what it shall be The n gra n t me .
,
”
sire a s on
, Not merely on e lady I will gran t y ou t wo
.
, . .

O n e of them shall be wise but ugly the other shall be ,

han dsome but a fool Whi ch o f them wi ll you have .

first ? ”
The wise on e she an swered Good said , .
“
,
”

he a n d he prese n ted her with a piece of kusa grass

,
-

,
43 2 THE UGLY BR I DEGROOM
there is a n y kin g s dau ghter in al l I n dia y ou would like on
’
,

hi s brin gin g her here we wil l make her his quee n co n sort .

Soun d hi m as to what kin g s daughter he affects S he

’
.
”

readi l y agreed a n d sen t a han dmaid to report the matter

to the pri n ce a n d to as certai n his views S he wen t a n d .

told the prin ce the state of affairs O n heari n g her the .

Great Bein g thought I am n ot well favo u re d A lovely ,

“ -

prin cess even if she is brought here as my bride on seein g

, ,

’
me will sa y What have I to do with this ugly fellow ?
, ,
‘

a n d will ru n away a n d we shall be put to shame,

What .

have I to do with househo l d life ? I wi ll foster my paren ts

as lo n g as they live a n d at their death I wi ll ren oun ce the
,

”
S O he said
“
world a n d be come a n asceti c What n eed .
,

have I of a ki n gdom or festi vities ? Whe n my pare n ts

die I will adopt the ascetic l ife
,
The maid return ed a n d .

told the queen what he had sai d The k i n g was g reatly

distressed a n d after a few days agai n se n t a message b u t ,

he still ref used to listen t o it After thrice rej ecti n g the .

proposal on the fourth o ccasio n he thought I t is n ot

, ,

’
fittin g t o be in comp l ete Oppositio n to o n e s paren ts : I wi ll
devise somethi n g So he summo n ed the chief smith a n d
.
, ,

givin g him a quan tity of gold bade him g o a n d make a ,

female image When he was go n e he took more gold

.
,

a n d himself fashi o n ed it i n to the fig u re Of a woman .

Verily the purposes of B odhisa t t a s suc ceed The figure .

was beautiful beyo n d the power of to n gue t o tell The n the .

Great Bein g had it robed in li n e n a n d placed in the royal

chamber O n seei n g the image brought by the chief gold
.

smith he foun d fault with it a n d said Go a n d fetch the

, ,

figure placed in o u r royal chamber The m a n wen t i n to .

the room a n d on seein g it thought This surely must be

, ,
“

some heave n ly n ymph come to take her pleasure with the ,

”
pri n ce a n d he left the room without havi n g the courage
,
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 43 3

to stret ch forth his han d towards it a n d he said S ire , ,

“
,

stan din g in your royal chamber is a n oble daughter of the

“ “
gods : I dare n ot approach her Frie n d he said go .
, ,

a n d bei n g charged a seco n d

”
a n d fetch the golde n image ,

time he brought it The pri n ce ordered the image that .

the smith had wrought to be thrown i n to the golden

chamber a n d that which he himself had made he had
,

adorn ed a n d placed in a car and sen t it to his mother ,

sayi n g When I fin d a woman like this I will take her to

, ,

”
wife. His mother summo n ed her cou n cillors a n d a d
dressed them sayi n g Frie n ds ou r s on is possessed of
, ,
“
,

great merit a n d is the gift of Sakka ; he must fin d a

pri n cess worthy of him D O y ou then have this figure .

placed in a covered carriage a n d traverse the le n gth a n d

breadth Of I n di a a n d whatsoever kin g s daughter y ou see
,
’

like this image present it t o that ki n g a n d say Kin g

, ,
‘

O k k a k a will con tract a marriage wi th your daughter

’
.

The n arrange a day for your return a n d come home .

They said I t is well a n d took the image a n d s e t out

,
“
,

with a vast reti n ue A n d in their j ourn eyi n gs to what.

,

ever royal city they come there at eve n tide wheresoever ,

the people gather together after deck i n g ou t this image ,

with robes flowers a n d other adorn ments they moun t it

, ,

upo n a golden car a n d leave it on the road leadin g to the

bathi n g place a n d step back a n d stan d on on e side t o
-
,

liste n to what all such as pass by had to say The people .

o n seei n g it n ot dreami n g that it was a golde n image said

, , ,

This though really o n l y a woman is very beautiful like

, , ,

some divi n e n ymph Why in the world is s he statio n ed .

here a n d whence does she come ? We have n o o n e t o

,
”
compare with her in our city a n d after thus praisi n g her ,

“
beauty they wen t their ways The coun cil lors said If
, .
,

there were a n y girl like it here they woul d s a y This is , ,

‘

F . a T . 28
434 THE UGLY BR I DEGROOM
like so a n d so the kin g s daughter or like so a n d so the
,
’

, ,

”
mi n ister s daughter verily there is n o such maide n here
’
.

A n d they go O ff with it to some other city So in their .

wan derin gs they reach the city of S a gala in the ki n gdom

of Madda Now the ki n g of Madda had seven daughters
.
,

of extraordi n ary beauty like to n ymphs of heave n The , .

eldest Of them was called P a b ha v a t i From her person .

stream forth rays Of light as it were of the n ewly rise n ,

-

su n .Whe n it is dark in her closet measuri n g four cubits , ,

there is n o n eed of a n y lamp The whole chamber is on e .

blaze of light Now she had a humpba cked n urse who

.
, ,

when she had supplied P a b ha v a t i with food i n te n di n g to ,

wash her head at even tide goi n g forth to fetch water with
,

eight s l ave girls carryi n g each a waterpot o n the way to

-

the bathin g pla ce s a w this image a n d thi n ki n g it to be

-

P a b ha v a t i ex cl aimed The ill behaved girl preten din g “

-

, , ,

she would have her head was hed sen t u s to fet ch water ,

a n d steali n g a march upo n u s i s sta n di n g there in the

, ,

road a n d bei n g in a rage s he cried Fie y ou are a dis

, ,
“
,

gra ce t o the family : there you stan d getti n g here before ,

us . Sho ul d the kin g hear of it he wi ll be the death of ,

us , a n d with these words she stru ck the image on the

cheek a n d a spa ce as big as the palm of her han d was

,

broke n The n dis coveri n g it was a golde n image she

.

“
burst out laughi n g a n d goi n g t o the slave girls said See ,
-
,

what I have do n e Thi n ki n g it was my foster daughter .

,

I stru ck it What is this image worth in compariso n wi th

.

my chi l d ? I have o n ly hurt my han d for my pai n s .

The n the kin g s emissaries took ho l d of her a n d said

’

“
What is this story y ou tel l us sayi n g that your daughter ,

is fairer than this image ? I mean P a b ha va t i the Madda ,

ki n g s daughter This image is n o t worth a sixtee n th

’

”
fractio n of her Glad at heart they sought the en tran ce
.
,
436 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
said My daughter in law is quite worthy of my s on
,
“
- -

howbeit we have a n heredi tary Observan ce in ou r family .

If she will abide by this custom we will take her to be hi s ,

”
bride . What is this observan ce of yours ?
“
I n our
“

family a wife is n ot allowed to s e e her husban d by day

light un til she has co n ceived I f she will a ct up to .

this we wi l l take her The ki n g asked his daughter My

, .
,
”
dear wi l l y ou be able to a ct thus ?
,
Y e s dear father
“
, ,

she replied Then ki n g Ok k a k a bestowed much gear on

.

the Madda kin g a n d departed with her A n d the Madda .

ki n g despat ched his daughter with a vast retin ue O k k a k a .

,

on reachi n g Ku s a va t i gave orders for the city to be

,

decorated all priso n ers to be released a n d after Spri n kli n g

, ,

his s on as kin g a n d creatin g P a b ha v a t i his chief co n sort ,

he proclaimed by beat of drum the rule of ki n g Kusa .

A n d al l the ki n gs throughout I n dia who had daughters

se n t them to the court of ki n g K usa a n d all who had ,

so n s desiri n g frie n dship with him se n t their so n s t o be

, ,

his pages The B o dhis a t t a had a large compan y of dan cers

.

a n d ruled with great state But he is n ot allowed to see

.

P a b ha v a t i by day n or may she s e e him but at n ight they

, ,

have free a ccess on e to an other At that time there is a n .

extraordi n ary e ffulge n ce from the perso n of P a b ha v a t i ,

but the B odhisa t t a leaves the royal chamber while it is

still dark After a few days he told his mother he lo n ged
.

t o see P a b ha va t i by day She refused his request say i n g

.
, ,

Let n ot this be thy good pleasure but wait u n til she has ,

co n ceived Again a n d again he besought her S O she

.
”
.

said Well go to the e l ephan t stal l a n d stan d there dis

,
“
,
-

gui sed a s a n e l epha n t keeper I wi l l bri n g her there s o

-
.
,

that you may have your fill of gazi n g at her but see that ,

you do n ot make yourse l f kn own to her He agreed t o .

this a n d we n t to the elephan t stall The quee n mother -

.
-
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 43 7

proclaimed a n elepha n t festival a n d said to P a b ha va t i -

’
Come we wi ll go a n d see your lord s elephan ts
, Taki n g .

her there s he poi n ted ou t this a n d that elephan t by name

,
.

The n as P a b ha va t i was walki n g behi n d his m other the

, ,

ki n g struck her in the back with a lump of elephan t dun g -

.

She was e n raged a n d said I will get the ki n g to cut ,

“

”
your han d off a n d by her words she vexed the quee n
,

mother who appeased her by rubbi n g her ba ck A se co n d

, .

time the ki n g was an xious to see her a n d disguised as a , ,

groom in the horse s t able j ust as before he struck her -

, ,

with a piece of horse dirt a n d the n t oo whe n she was -

,

an gry her mother in law appeased her Agai n on e day

- -
.
,

P a b ha v a t i told her mother in law she lo n ged t o s e e the - -

Great Bei n g a n d whe n her request wa s refused by her

,

mother who said Nay let n ot this be your pleasure

, ,
“
, ,
”

she besought her again a n d again s o at last s he said , ,

Well t o morrow my s on will be maki n g a solem n pro

,
-

cessio n through the city You ca n Ope n your wi n dow a n d .

s e e him A n d after so sayi n g on the n ext day she had

.
,

the city decked out a n d ordered pri n ce J a y a mpa t i clad

, ,

in a royal robe a n d moun ted on a n elephan t to make a ,

triumphal processio n through the city S tan din g at the .

window with P a b ha v a t i she said Behold the glory of , ,

“

your lord S he said

. I have got a husban d n ot u n ,
“

worthy O f me a n d She was highly elated But that very

,
.

day the Great Bei n g disgui sed as a n elephan t keeper wa s

,
-
,

seated behin d J a y a mpa t i a n d gazi n g at P a b ha va t i as ,

mu ch as he would in the j oy of his heart he disported

,

himself by gesticul ati n g with his han ds Whe n the .

elephan t had passed them the quee n mother asked her ,

-

if s he had see n her husban d Yes lady but seated .

“
, ,

behin d him was a n elephan t keeper a very ill co n ducted -

,
-

fello w who gesticulated at me with his han ds Why do

,
.
43 8 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
they let su ch a n ugly ill omen ed creature s it behi n d the ,
-

ki n g ? I t is desirable my dear to have a guard s it

“
, ,

behi n d the ki n g .
”
This elephan t keeper she thought “
-

,
”
,

is a bo l d fe ll ow a n d has n o proper respe ct for the ki n g

,
.

C a n it be that he is ki n g Kusa ? No doubt he is hi deous ,

a n d that is why they do n o t let me see him S O she .

“
whispered to her humpba cked n urse G O my dear at , , ,

o n ce a n d make ou t whether it wa s the ki n g who sat in

”
fro n t or behi n d H o w am I to fin d this out ? I f he
“ “
.

be the k in g he will be the first to alight from the e l ephan t

you are to kn ow by this token S he we n t a n d stood at a .

distan ce a n d saw the Great Bei n g alight first a n d after ,

wards pri n ce J a y a mpa t i The Great Bei n g looki n g about .

him first on on e side a n d the n on the other seei n g the

, ,

humpba cked old woman kn ew at o n ce why she must have ,

come a n d sen di n g for her straitly charged her n ot to

, , ,

reveal his se cret a n d let her g o She came a n d to l d her

, .

mistress The on e that sa t in fro n t was the first to alight

, ,

a n d P a b ha v a t i believed her O n ce more the ki n g lo n ged .

to see her a n d begged his mother to arran ge it She coul d .

n ot refuse him a n d said Well the n disguise yourself a n d “

, ,

”
go to the garde n He we n t a n d hid himself up to his
.

n e ck in the lotus pool stan di n g in the water with his head

-
,

shaded by a l otus leaf a n d his face covered by its flower -

.

A n d his mother brought P a b ha v a t i in the eve n i n g t o the

garde n a n d sayi n g Look at these trees or look at these
, , ,

”
birds or deer thus tempted her on t il l she came t o the
,

ban k Of the lotus po n d Whe n she saw the po n d covered-

.

wi th five ki n ds of l otus she lo n ged to bathe a n d we n t ,

down to the water s edge with her maiden s While dis ’

.

porti n g hersel f she saw that lotus a n d stretched fo rth her

han d eager to p l uck it Then the ki n g putti n g aside the
, .
,

l otus leaf took her by the han d sayi n g I am ki n g Kusa

-

, , ,
“
.
440 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
the forest S O she said My lord do n ot be a n gry but
.
,
“
, ,

I have given your portio n to the pacceka buddha He .

said After eatin g your own port ion you give m in e away
, ,

a n d y ou wil l make me a n other cake forsooth ! A n d he

was an gry a n d wen t a n d took the cake from the beggar s ’

bowl She wen t to her mother s house a n d took some

.
’

fresh melted ghee in colour like the champak flower a n d

-

filled the bowl Wi th it a n d it se n t forth a blaze of light

, .

O n seei n g this she put up a prayer : Holy s ir wherever ,

I am born may my body give forth a light a n d may I be

,

very lovely a n d n evermore may I have t o dwell in the

,

same place wi th this lewd fellow Thus as the result of .

this prayer of O l d s he woul d have n o n e of him A n d the .

B o dhis a t t a in droppin g the cake again i n to the bowl put

, ,

up a prayer : Holy s ir though she should live a hu n dred ,

leagues away may I have the power to carry her off as my

,

bride I n that he was a n gry a n d took the cake as the

.
,

result of this act of ol d he was born so ugly .

Kusa was so overwhe l med with sorrow whe n P a b ha v a t i

left hi m that the other wome n thou gh mi n isteri n g t o him ,

with all ki n ds of servi ce had n ot the heart to look him in ,

the fa ce a n d all his palace bereft of P a b ha va t i seemed

, , ,

as it were desolate The n he thought By this time she

.
,

will have rea ched the city S a ga la a n d at break of day ,

he sought his mother a n d said Dear mother I will go ,

“
,

a n d fetch P a b ha v a t i You are to rule my ki n gdom a n d

.
,

he uttered the first stan z a

Thi s re a l m wi t h joy a n d b l i s s u n t ol d ,

T ra pp i n g s of s t a t e a n d w e a l t h of g ol d
Thi s re a l m I s a y rul e t hou f or m e
, ,

I go to se e k P a b hav a t i .

His mother on heari n g what he had to s a y rep l ied

, , ,

Well my s on you must exercise g reat vigilan ce : wome n

, , ,
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 4 41

verily are impure mi n ded creatures a n d she fil led a

,
-
,

golde n bowl with all man n er of dai n ty food a n d sayi n g , ,

This is for y ou to eat on the j ourn ey She took leave ,

of him Taki n g it he made a rig ht wis e circuit thrice

.

roun d his mother a n d cried If I live I will s e e y ou

, , ,

”
again a n d s o withdrew to the royal chamber The n he
,
.

girded himself with the five sorts of weapo n s a n d puttin g

a thousan d pieces of mo n ey in a bag he took hi s bowl of
foo d a n d a K ok a n a da lute a n d leavi n g the city s e t ou t on
his j ourn ey Bei n g very stro n g a n d vigorous by n oo n
.

time he had travelled fift y leagues a n d aft er eati n g his ,

food in the remai n i n g half day he made up an other fifty

,
-

leagues a n d so in the course of a si n gle day he a ccom

p l i s he d a j our n ey Of a hu n dred leagues I n the eve n i n g .

he bat hed a n d then e n tered the city of S a gala No .

soo n er di d he set foot in the p l ace than P a b ha v a t i by

the power of his maj esty could n o lo n ger rest quietly on
her couch but got ou t of bed a n d lay upo n the groun d .

The B odhis a t t a was thoroughly e x hausted with his

j ourn ey a n d bei n g seen by a certain woman as he was
, ,

wan deri n g about the street wa s i n vited by her to rest

,

in her house a n d after first bath i n g his feet s he O ffered

,

him a bed While he was asleep she prepared him some

.
,

food a n d the n waki n g him up gave it him to eat He .

w a s s o pleased with her that he prese n ted her with the

thousan d pieces of mo n ey a n d the golde n bowl Leavi n g .

there his five sorts of weapo n s he said There is some , ,

“

pla ce I must go to a n d tak in g his lute he repaired to

,

“
a n elephan t stall a n d cried to the elepha n t keepers Let
- -
,

me stay here a n d I will make musi c for you They .

allowed him t o do s o a n d he we n t apart a n d lay down .

Whe n his fatigue had passed off; he rose up a n d u n

strappi n g his lute he played a n d san g thi n ki n g that all ,
442 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
who dwelt the city should hear the soun d of it
in .

P a b ha v a t i as she lay on the groun d heard it a n d thought

, , ,
”
“
This soun d ca n come from n o lute but his a n d felt sure ,

that ki n g Kusa had come on her accoun t The ki n g Of .

Madda too on hearin g it thought He plays very sweetly , .

”
TO morrow I will se n d for him a n d make him my mi n stre l
-
.

The B odhis a t t a thi n ki n g It is impossible for me to get ,

sight of P a b ha v a t i if I stay here : this is the wro n g pla ce

,
”
for me sallied forth qu i te early a n d after taki n g his
,

morn in g meal in a n eati n g house he left his lute a n d we n t -

to the ki n g s potter a n d became his appre n tice O n e day

’
.

after he had filled the house with potter s cl ay he asked ’

if he should make some vesse l s a n d when the potter ,

”
a n swered Y e s do so he placed a l u mp of clay on the
, , ,

wheel a n d turn ed it Whe n o n ce it was turn ed it we n t .

,

on swi ftly till mid day After mouldi n g all man n er of

-
.

vessels great a n d small he began maki n g on e specially

, ,

for P a b ha v a t i with various fi g ures on it Verily the .

purposes of B odhisa t t a s su cceed He resolved that .

P a b ha v a t i was to see these figures Whe n he had dried .

a n d baked his vessels the house was full of them The ,

.

potter we n t to the pal a ce with various spe cime n s The .

ki n g on see i n g them asked who had made them I did .

“
,

” ”
sire . I am sure y ou did n ot make them Who did ? .

Not your appre n tice your master

”
My appren tice Sire , .
,

rather L earn your trade from him He n ceforth let him

. .

”
make vessels for my daughters A n d he gave him a .

thousan d pieces of mo n ey sayi n g Give him this a n d , ,

“
,

prese n t al l these small vessels to my daughters He .

took the vessels to them a n d said These are made for ,

“

”
your amuseme n t They were all prese n t to receive
.

them Then the potter gave P a b ha v a t i the vessel whi ch

.

the Great Bei n g had made spe cial ly for her Takin g .
444 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
to the ki n g s garden er a n d became his appren tice a n d
’

while maki n g all sorts of garlan ds he made a special

wreath for P a b ha v a t i picked out with various figures
, .

The garden er took them to the pala ce When the ki n g .

saw them he asked who had fashio n ed these garlan ds

,
.

I did sire
, . I am sure y ou did n o t make them Who
“
.

”
did ? My appre n tice sire He is n ot your appren tice
,
.
“
,

rather is he your master Learn your trade from him

. .

He n ceforth he is to weave garlan ds Of flowers for my

”
daughters a n d give him this thousan d pieces of mo n ey ;
,

a n d givi n g him the mo n ey he said Take these flowers to

,

my daughters A n d the garde n er O ffered to P a b ha v a t i

.

t he wreath that the B o dhis a t t a had made spe cially for her .

Here t oo on seei n g amon gst the various figures a like n ess

o f herself a n d the ki n g she re cog n ised Ku s a s ha n diwork
’

a n d in her rage threw the wreath o n the grou n d All her .

sisters j ust as before laughed at her The garde n er too

, , .

took the thousan d pie ces of mo n ey a n d gave them to the

B odhisa t t a te ll i n g him what had happe n ed
, He thought .
,

“
Neither is this the pla ce for me a n d return i n g the ,
”

m o n e v to the garde n er he we n t a n d e n gaged himse l f

as a n appre n ti ce to the ki n g s cook N ow on e day the
’
.

cook in tak i n g various ki n ds of victuals t o the ki n g gave

the B odhis a t t a a bo n e of meat to cook for hi mse l f He .

prepared it in su ch a way that the smel l O f it pervaded

the whol e city The ki n g smelt it a n d asked if he were
.

cooki n g some more meat in the kit che n No sire but .

, ,

I did give my appre n ti ce a bo n e o f meat to cook I t .

must be this that y ou smell The ki n g had it brought

.

to him a n d placed a morsel on the tip of his to n gue a n d

it woke up a n d thrill ed the seve n thousan d n er ves of
taste . The ki n g w a s so e n s l aved by his appetite for
dai n ties that he gave him a thousan d pieces of mo n ey
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 445

an d
said He n ceforth y ou are to have food for me a n d
,
“

my daughters cooked by your appre n tice a n d to bri n g ,

mi n e to me yourself but your appren tice is to bri n g

,
”
theirs to my daughters The cook we n t a n d told him. .

O n heari n g it he thought Now is my desire fu lfilled ,

n ow shall I be able to see P a b h a va t i Bei n g pleased .

he return ed the thousan d pieces of mo n ey to the cook

a n d n ext day he prepared a n d se n t dishes of food t o the

ki n g a n d himself climbed up t o the palace where dwelt

P a b ha v a t i taki n g the food for the ki n g s daughters on
’

a carryi n g pole P a b ha v a t i saw him climbin g up with his

-
.

load a n d thought He is doin g the work of slaves a n d

,
“

hireli n gs work quite un suitable for him But if I hold

, .

my peace he wil l thi n k I approve of hi m a n d goi n g

,

n owhere else he will remai n here gazi n g at me I will

‘

, .

straightway abuse a n d revile him and drive him away ,

n ot allowi n g him to remai n a mome n t here S o s he .

left the door half ope n a n d holdi n g on e han d on the ,

pan el with the other pressed up the bolt a n d s he repeated

, ,

the seco n d stan za :

K u s a , for t he e b y da y a n d n i g ht
T o b e a r t hi s b u rde n i s n ot ri g ht .

H a st e b a c , k p
ra y , t o K u s a v a t i ;

ly form I m l ot h t o s e e
Thy ug
’
.

He thought I have got spee ch of P a b ha v a t i

,
“
, an d
pleased at heart he repeated three stan zas :
B ou n d b y t hy b e a u t y s s p e ll P a b hav a t i
’
, ,

M y n a t i ve l a n d ha s li t t l e cha rm f or m e ;
M a dda s fa i r re a l m i s e ve r my de li g ht
’
,

My crown re s ig n e d t o l i v e i n t hy de a r s i g ht
,
.

0 -m a ide n , fa i r P a b ha v a t i ,
soft e y e d

W ha t i s t his m a dn e s s t ha t o e rma s t e rs me ?
’

K n owi n g fu l l w e l l t he l a nd t ha t g a v e m e b i rt h,
I w a n de r ha l f di s t ra u g ht ’
o er all t he e a rt h .

C la d i n b ri g ht -
l
co ou re d b a rk and g i rt wi t h g o de n z on e , l
Thy love ,
fa i r ma id, I cra v e , a n d n ot a n e a rt h l y t hron e .
446 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
When he had thus spoke n she thought I revile him ,
“
,

hopin g to rouse a feeli n g of rese n tme n t i n him but he ,

as it were tries to co n ciliate me by his words Suppose .

he were to s a y I am ki n g Kusa a n d take me by the

,
‘
,
’

han d who is there to preve n t it ? An d somebody might

,

hear what we had to s a y S O she closed the door a n d

.

bolted it i n side An d he took up his carryin g pole a n d

.
-

brought the other pri n cesses their food P a b ha v a t i se n t .

her humpba cked s l ave to bri n g her the food that ki n g Kusa
had cooked She brought it a n d said Now eat P a b ha
.
,
.
”

vat i said I will n ot eat what he has cooked D O y ou eat

,
“
.

it a n d g o a n d get your o wn supp l y of food a n d cook it

a n d bri n g it here but do n ot tell a n yo n e that k i n g Kusa
,

has come The h u mpback he n ceforth brought a n d ate

.

the portio n of the pri n cess a n d gave her own port io n to

P a b ha va t i Ki n g Kusa from that time bei n g u n able t o
.

see her thought I wo n der whether P a b ha v a t i has a n y

,

”
affectio n for me or n ot I will put her t o the test
. SO .

after he had supplied the pri n cesses with their food he ,

took his load of victuals a n d goi n g out stru ck the floor

with his feet by the door of P a b ha v a t i s closet a n d ’

clashi n g the dishes together a n d groan i n g aloud he fell

all Of a heap a n d swoo n ed away At the sou n d of his .

groan s she Ope n ed her door a n d seei n g him crushed

ben eath the load he wa s carryi n g s he thought Here ,
“

is a ki n g the chief ruler in all I n dia a n d for my sake

, ,

he suffers pai n n ight a n d da y a n d n ow bei n g so de l icate l y

, ,

n urtured he h, a s fal le n u n der the burde n of the vi ctua l s

”
he carries I wo n der if he is still alive
. a n d steppi n g

from her chamber she stret ched forth her n e ck a n d

l ooked at his mouth to watch his breathi n g He fil l ed
,
.

his mouth with Spittle a n d let it drop on her perso n .

She retired i n to her closet revil in g him a n d stan di n g

, ,

with the door half ope n she repeated this stan za

448 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
an dshuttin g the door she refu sed to shew hersel f A n d .

he took up his l oad a n d we n t down From that day .

he could n ot s e t eyes on her a n d he got heartily si ck of

his cook s work A fter breakfast he cut firewood washed
’
.
,

dishes a n d fet ched water on his carryi n g pole a n d then -

lyin g down he rested on a heap of grain Risin g early he .

cooked rice gruel a n d the like the n took a n d served t he

-

food a n d suffered all this mort ifica t ion by reaso n of his

passio n ate love for P a b ha v a t i One day he saw the .

humpback passin g by the kitche n door a n d hailed her .

F or fear of P a b ha v a t i she did n ot ve n ture to come n ear

him but passed on prete n di n g to be in a great hurry
, .

S O he hastily ra n up to her cryi n g Crook back She ,

-
.

turn ed a n d stopped sayi n g Who is here ? I cann ot

, ,
“

”
listen to what you have t o say The n he said Both .
,
“

you a n d your mistress are very obsti n ate Though livi n g .

n ear you ever so lo n g we can n ot so mu ch as get a report

,

”
o f her health She said Will y ou give me a prese n t ? “
.
,

He replied S upposi n g I do s o will y ou be able to soften

,
“
,

P a b ha v a t i a n d brin g me i n to her prese n ce ? O n her

“
agreein g to do so he said If y ou ca n do this I will put
, , ,

right your humpback a n d give y ou a n orn amen t for your

,

n eck a n d tempti n g her he spoke five sta n zas

, ,

N e ck l a ce of g ol d I l l g i v e t o t he e ’
,

On co mi n g t o K u s a va t i ,
If l
s e n de r -
l i mb e d P a b ha v a t i
S hou l d on l y de i g n t oloo k on me .

N e ck l a ce of g ol d I ll g i v e
’
t o t he e ,
On comi n g t o Ku s ava t i ,
If s l e n de r -
l i n i b e d P a b ha v a t i
S houl d on l y de i g n t o s pe a k to me .

N e ck l a ce Of g i e t o t he e ,
g ol d I
’
ll v
On comi n g t o K u s a v a t i ,
l
I f s l e n de r i mb e d P a b ha v a t i
-

S hou l d on ly de i g n t o s mi le on me .
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 4 49

N e ckl a ce of l
go d I
’
ll
g i ve t o t he e ,
On comi n g to Ku s a v a t i ,
If l
s e n de r -
li mb e d P a b hav a t i
S hou ld l a u g h wit h joy a t s i g ht of me .

N e ck l a ce of g old I ll g i ve ’
t o t he e ,
On co min g t o K u s av a t i ,
If l
s e n de rli mb e d P a b ha va t i
-

S hou l d l a y a l ovi n g ha n d on me .

On heari n g his words she said Get you go n e my ,

“
,

lord : in a very few days I will pu t her in your power .

You shall see how e n ergetic I ca n be So sayi n g she .

decided on her course of action a n d goi n g to P a b ha v a t i ,

s he made as if she would clean her room a n d n ot leavi n g

a bit of dirt big en ough to hit on e with a n d removing ,

even her shoes she swept out the whole chamber The n
, .

she arran ged a hi gh seat for herself in the doorway (keepi n g

well outside the threshold ) and spreadin g a coverlet on a ,

low stool for P a b ha va t i she said Come my dear a n d I wi ll

, ,
“
, ,

”
search in your head for vermi n a n d maki n g her sit there ,

a n d place her head upon her lap after scratchi n g her ,

”
a little and sayi n g Ho ! what a lot of lice we have here
,
“
,

she took some from her own head a n d put them on the
head of the pri n cess a n d speaking in terms of endear
,

men t Of the Great Bein g she san g his praises in this

stan za
Thi s roy a l da me no p l e a su re fe e ls K u s a on ce more to se e ,

Thou g h, w a n t i n g n ou g ht ,
he se rv e s as coo k for sim p le hi re l in g ’
s

fe e .

P a b ha v a t i was e n raged with the hu m pback S o the .

ol d woman took her by the n e ck a n d pushed he r i n s ide

the room a n d bei n g herself outside she closed the door

,

a n d stood cli n gi n g to the cord whi ch pulled the door to .

P a b ha v a t i bei n g u n able to get at her stood by the door

, , ,

abusi n g her a n d spoke an other stan za

,

F . T .
4 50 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
Thi s hu m b p k
a c e d sl a ve wi t hou t a dou b t
F or s p e a k in g s u ch a w ord,
D e s e rv e s t o ha ve
he r t on g u e cu t ou t

Wit h k e e n e st s ha rp e n e d s word .

S o the humpback stood holdi n g the rope that on to

hu n g down a n d said You worthless i l l behaved creature, ,
-

what good wil l your fair looks do an yo n e ? C a n we live

by feedi n g on your beauty ? a n d so sayi n g she pro ”

claimed the virtues of the B odhi s a t t a shouti n g them ,

aloud with the harsh voice of a humpback in thirteen ,

stan zas
E s t e e m hi m n ot , P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd f orm or he i g ht ,
G re a t g lory hi s , ’
l
s o do w ha t e e r i s p e a s in g i n his s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hava t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he i g ht ,
G re a t w e al t h i s ’
l
hi s , s o do w ha t e e r i s p e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd f orm or he ig ht ,
G re a t p ow e r is ’
l
hi s , s o do w ha t e e r i s p e as i n g i n hi s s ig ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot P a b ha v a t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he ig ht ,
,

W ide ru l e is hi s , so do w ha t e e r is
’
pl
e a s i n g i n hi s s ig ht .

E st e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd f orm or he i g ht ,
G re a t ki n g i s he , s o do w ha t e e r i s p l e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht
’
.

E s t e e m hi m n ot P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he i g ht ,
,

L i on -
v oi ce d is ’
p
he , s o do w ha t e e r is l e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E st e e m hi m n ot P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd f orm or he ig ht ,
,

C l e a r v oice d
-
is ’
l
he , s o do w ha t e e r i s p e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot P a b hava t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he i g ht ,
,

De e p -
v oi ce d is he , s o do w ha t e e r i s
’
pl
e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he ig ht ,
S we e t v oice d-
is ’
l
he , s o do w ha t e e r is p e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y ou t wa rd f orm or he i g ht ,
H on e y -
v oi ce d is ’
p
he , s o do w ha t e e r i s l e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y o u t w a rd f orm or he i g ht ,
A hu n dre d a rt s a re h i s , s o do wha t s ’
pl
e a s in g in hi s s ig ht .

E s t e e m hi m n otP a b hava t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he i g ht ,

,

A w a rri or ’
l
k i n g i s he , s o do w ha t s p e as in g i n his s ig ht .

E s t e e m hi m n ot ,
P a b hav a t i , b y ou t w a rd form or he i g ht ,
K in g K u sa ’
t is , s o do wha t e e r i s
’
pl e a s i n g i n hi s s i g ht .
4 52 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
min isters made an swer S ire these seven kin g s have , ,

come for P a b ha v a t i If you refuse t o give her they

.
,

will break down the wall a n d e n ter the city a n d after ,

dest royin g us they will seize your ki n gdom While the wall .

still stan ds un broke n let u s se n d P a b ha v a t i to them

,
”

a n d they repeated thi s stan za

L ik e t o p rou d e l e p ha n t s t he y s t a n d in coa t s of ma i l a rra y e d ,

Ere y e t t he y t ra m p l e dow n ou r w a ll s s e n d off in ha s t e t he m a id , .

The ki n g on heari n g this said If I should sen d “

,

P a b ha va t i to a n y on e o f them the rest wi ll j oi n battle ,

with me It is o u t of the questio n to gi ve her t o a n y

.

on e of them .As she has cast O ff the chief ki n g in all

I n dia let her receive the reward due to her return home
, .

I will slay her a n d cuttin g her body i n to seve n pie ces se n d

on e t o each of the seve n kin gs a n d s o sayi n g he repeated
,

an other stan za
I n p i e ce s s e v e n P a b ha v a t i t o ha ck i t i s my wil l , ,

On e p i e ce for e ach of t he se se ve n k i n g s w ho ca me he r s ire t o k ill ,

.

This sayin g of his was n oised abroad throughout the

palace Her atte n dants came a n d to l d P a b ha v a t i The
.
,
“

kin g they s a y wi ll cut you in seve n pieces a n d sen d them

, ,

”
to the seve n ki n gs . She was in fear of death a n d risi n g
from her seat she we n t accompa n ied by her sisters to her
, ,

’
mother s state chamber .

S he came i n to her mother s prese n ce a n d saluti n g her

’

broke i n to these lame n tatio n s

Thi s f a ce wi t h p ow de r b e a u t ifie d he re mi rrore d i n a g l a ss
,

T o i v ory ha n dl e de ft l y fi x e d s o Wi n s ome n ow a l a s !
,

W i t h in n oce n ce a n d p u ri t y i n e v e ry li n e e x p re s se d ,

B y w a rri or p ri n ce s S p u rn e d i n s om e l on e f ore s t s oo n wi ll re s t .

The s e l ock s of ha i r s o b la ck of hu e b ou n d u p i n s t a t e l y coil , ,

S oft t o t he t ou ch a n d fra g ra n t w i t h t he fi n e st s a n da l oil ,

I n cha rn e l g ro u n d t hou g h co v e re d u p t he v u l t u re s s oo n w i ll fin d
A n d wi t h t he i r t al on s re n d a n d t ear a n d s ca t t e r t o t he wi n d .
 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM 4 53

The s e ar ms whos e fi n g e r t ipsdy e d, i k e copp e r, crims on re d,

a re l
In ri che s t s a n da l oil oft b a t he d a n d wi t h s oft down o e rs pre a d,
’

Cu t off and by p rou d k

i n g s i n s ome on e f ore s t u n g a s ide , l fl
A w ol f w i ll s e i z e a n d ca rry off w he re e r he s fa i n t o hi de
’ ’
.

My t e a t s a re li k e t he da t e s t ha t on t he p a l ms wi t h ri p e n e ss s we ll ,

F ra g ra n t w i t h s ce n t m e n of K a si fe ll :
of sa n da l wood t ha t
H a n g i n g t he re on a j a ck a l soo n a t t he m, m e t hi n k s , wi ll t u g ,
J u s t a s a l i t t l e b a b y b oy hi s mot he r s b rea s t m a y hu g
’
.

The s e hi p s of m in e , w e ll -
k ni t and b roa d, ca s t in an a mp l e mou l d,
l
E n ci rc e d w i t h a ci n ct u re g a y , wrou g ht of t he p u re s t g o d, l
Cu t off and by p rou d k i n g s i n s om e on e f ore s t l fl u n g a s ide ,

l
A w o f wil l s e ize a n d ca rry off whe re ’
er he ’
s f a in t o hide .

D og s , wo l ve s j a ck a l s
,
and w ha t s oe ’
e r a re k n own as b e a s t s of p re y ,

I f on ce t he y e a t P a b ha v a t i , ca n s u ff e r n o de ca y .

S hou l d wa rri or k in g s t ha t come f rom f a r t hy da u g ht e r s b ody fl a y , ’

T he n b e g my b on e s a n d b u rn t he m i n s ome s e u e s t e re d w a y q .

An d ma k e g a rde n n e a r a n d p
a l a n t a k a nik ara t re e ,

A n d whe n a t wi n t e r s c os e i t b
’
l l ooms mot he r re ca lli n g
, ,
me ,
P oi n t t o t he flow e r a n d sa y J u s t s u ch w a s f a ir P a b hava t i
,
“
.
”

Thus did s he alarmed with fear of death idly lament

, ,

before her mother An d the Madda king issued an order .

that the executioner sho ul d come with his axe a n d block .

His comi n g was noised abroad throughout the palace .

The queen mother o n heari n g of his arrival arose from

-

, ,

her throne a n d overwhelmed with sorrow came i n to the

presence of the ki n g .

The n the quee n spoke this stanza

W it h t hi s sw ord w ill t he Ma dda k i n g his g ra ce f ul da u g ht e r s la y ,

A n d p i e ce me al s e n d he r m a n g l e d l i mb s t o ri v al chi e f s a p re y .

The ki n g to make her understan d said Lady what ,

“
,

is this y ou s a y ? Your daughter rej ected the chief ki n g

of all I n dia on the plea of his ugliness a n d accepti n g , ,

deat h as her fate return ed home before the pri n ts of her

,

fee t were well wiped ou t on the road by which she had

gone there N ow therefore l e t her reap the conseque n ces
.

”
of the j ealo u sy excited by her beauty The quee n after .
,
454 THE UGLY BR I DEGROOM
hearin g what he had to say wen t to her daughter
, an d
lame n tin g spoke thus
Thou di ds t n ot he a rk e n t o my v oi ce , w he n I de s ire d t hy g ood,
To da y t hou
-
si n k ’
st t o Y a ma
’
s re a l m, t hy b ody st a i n e d w i t h b ood l .

S u ch fa t e v
dot h e e ry m a n i n cu r, or e e n a w ors e e n d, v
Who de a f t o g ood a d vi ce n e g e ct s t he w a rn i n g s of a frie n d l .

ll
I f t hou t o da y a g a a n t p ri n ce f or t hy g ood ord S hou l ds t w e d,
-
l
l
B e di g ht wi t h z on e of g o d a n d g e ms , i n a n d of K u s a b re d, l
Thou w ou l ds t n ot , se rv e d wi t h hos t s of f ri e n ds , t o Y a m a s re a m s
’
l
ha v e s pe d .

W he n dru m s l p ha n t s l ou d t ru mpe t in g s re sou n d

a re b eat and e e
’
,

I n roy a l ha ll s w he re i n t hi s w orl d ca n g re a t e r b l i s s b e fou n d ?

,

Whe n hors e s n e ig h a n d mi n s t re l s p l a y t o k i n g s some p l a i n t i v e a ir ,

W i t h b l i s s lik e t hi s in roy a l ha lls wha t i s t he re t o comp a re ? ,

Whe n t oo cou rt s wi t h t he p e a cock s a n d t he he ron s crie s re s ou n d

’ ’
,

A n d cu ck oo ’
s ca ll ,
w he re e l se,
I p ra y ca n b l i ss l i k e t hi s b e fou n d ?
,

After thus talki n g with her in all these stan zas she
thought If o n ly ki n g Kusa were here to day he would
,
“
-

put to fli ght these seve n k i n gs a n d after freeing my

daughter from her misery he would carry her away with
him a n d she repeated this stan za :
,
”

Whe re s he t ha t cru she s host il e re a l ms a n d v a n qu i s he s hi s foe s ?

’

K u sa t he n ob l e a n d t he wi se w ou l d f re e u s f rom ou r w oe s
, , .

The n P a b ha va t i thought My mother s to n gue is n ot ,

“ ’

equal to procl aimi n g the praises of Kus a I will let her .

k n ow that he has bee n l i vi n g here o ccupied with the work ,

Of a cook a n d she repeated this stan za :

,
”

The con qu e ror w ho cru she s a l l hi s f oe s 10 ! he re i s he ,

K u s a s o n ob l e a n d so wi se al l foe s w i ll s l a y for m e
, , .

The n her mother thi n ki n g , S he is terrified with the

fear of death a n d rambles in her talk ,
”
spoke this
stan za :
A rt t hou g on e ma d or li k e a fool ,
dos t s pe a k at ra n do m t hu s ?
I f K u sa has re t u rn e d, w hy , p ra y ,
dids t t hou n ot te ll it us ?
4 56 THE UGLY BRIDEGROOM
Thus was the glory of the Great Be i n g praised by her
i n six stan zas Then her mother thought S he is n ot
.
,
“

speaki n g in terror It must b e so a n d believi n g her she

.
,

we n t a n d told the ki n g the whole story He came in .

great haste to P a b ha va t i a n d asked I S it true what they ,

say that k i n g Kusa has come ?

, Yes dear father It , .

is seven mo n ths to day that he has been acti n g as cook

-

to your daughters No t believi n g her he questio n ed the

.

hun chback a n d on heari n g the facts of the case from her

,

he reproached his daughter and spoke this stan za :

L i k e e l e p ha n t a s f rog di s g u i s e d ,

W he n t hi s a l mig ht y p ri n ce ca me he re ,

Tw a s wron g of t he e
’
and ill -
a dvi s e d

To hi de i t f rom t hy p a re n t s de a r .

Thus did he reproach his daughter a n d the n we n t

i n haste to Kusa a n d after the usual greeti n gs with folded
han ds he ackn owledged his o ffe n ce a n d repeated this ,

stan za
I n t ha t w e f a i l e d t o re cog n ise
Y ou r m a j e s t y i n t hi s di s g u i s e ,

I f S i re t o t he e ofl e n ce w e g a v e
‘

, , ,

W e w ou l d forg i v e n e s s hu m b ly cra ve .

On heari n g this the Great Bei n g thought If I should ,

“

speak harshl y to him his heart wo u l d straightway break

, .

I will speak words of comfort to him a n d sta n di n g

amo n gst his dishes he spoke this stan za

F or m e t o p l a y t he s cu ll i on s p a rt w a s v e ry wron g I own
’
,

B e comfort e d i t w a s n o f a u l t of t hi n e I w a s u n k n ow n
, .

The ki n g after bei n g thus addressed in ki n dly words

, ,

climbed up to the pala ce a n d summo n ed P a b ha va t i to ,

se n d her to ask the ki n g s pardo n a n d he spoke this

’

stan za :
G o s i l l y g i rl t hy p a rdon f rom t he g re a t k in g K u s a cra v e
, , ,

H i s wra t h a pp e a s e d he m a y b e p l e a s e d p e rha p s t hy l ife t o s a v e .

 THE UGLY BRIDEGR O OM 45 7

On
heari n g the words of her father she wen t to him , ,

accompan ied by her sisters and her han dmaids S tandi n g .

j ust as he was in his workman s dress he saw her comi n g ’

towards him a n d thought T o day I will break down ,

“ -

P a b ha va t i s pride and lay her low at my feet in the

’

”
mud a n d pouri n g on the groun d all the water he had
, ,

brought there he trampled on a space as big as a ,

threshi n g fl o or making it on e mass of mud S he drew

-
, .

nigh a n d fell at his feet a n d grovelli n g in the m u d asked

his forgiven ess .

The n she spoke these stan zas

My da y s a n d n i g ht s a p a rt f rom t he e , 0 k in g ,
ha ve p a s s e d a wa y
B e hol d I s t oo p to k is s t hy f e e t . F rom an ger ce a s e I p ra y, .

I p romis e t he e , if t hou t o me a g ra ci ou s e a r S houl ds t le n d,

Ne ve r a g a in in a u g ht I do wi ll l
I my ord offe n d .

B u t if t hou S hou l dst my p ra y e r re fu s e , m y f a t he r t he n w ill s ayl

An d se n d hi s da u g ht e r, l i mb by li mb , t o wa rri or k in g s a p re y .

Onheari n g this the king thought If I were to tell ,

“

’
her This is for you to see to her heart would be broke n
,
“
, .

I will speak words of comfort to her a n d he said ,

I ll do t hy b iddi n g l a dy f a i r a s fa r a s li e s i n me ;
’
, ,

N o a n g e r fe e l I i n my he a rt F e a r n ot P a b hav a t i .
, .

H e a rk e n 0 roy a l m a id t o m e I t oo m a k e p romi s e t ru e ;
, , ,

N e v e r a g a i n wi ll I Offe n d i n a u g ht t ha t I m a y do .

F u l l m a n y a s orrow I wou l d he a r f a i r m a id f or l ove of t he e , , ,

A n d s l a y a hos t of M a dda chi e f s t o w e d P a b hava t i .

K usa swellin g wi th princely pride at seein g as it

,

were a han dmaid of Sakka king of the gods in atte n dan ce , ,

upo n him thought While I am still alive shall others

, ,
“
,

”
come a n d carry off my bride ? a n d rousi n g himself ,

“
lion like in the palace yard he said Let all who dwell
-
,
-

, ,
”
in this city hear of my comi n g a n d da n ci n g ab o ut , ,

shoutin g a n d clappi n g his han ds he cried N ow will , ,

458 T HE UGLY BR I DEGROOM
I take them alive go bid them put horses to my chariots
, ,

an d he repeated the followi n g stan za :

G o qu i ck l y y ok e my w e ll t ra i n e d s t e e ds t o m a n y a p a in t e d ca r
,
-

A n d w a t ch m e s wif t l y s a l l y f ort h t o s ca t t e r foe s a fa r

, .

He n ow bade good bye to P a b ha v a t i sayi n g The

-
, ,

capture of thy e n emies is my charge Go thou a n d bathe .

”
a n d adorn thyself a n d climb up to thy palace A n d the .

ki n g of Madda sen t his coun cillors t o act as a gu ard of

ho n our to him A n d they drew a scree n roun d about
.

him at the door of the kitchen a n d provided barbers for

him A n d when his beard had bee n trimmed a n d his
.

head shampooed a n d he was arrayed in al l his Spl e n dour

a n d surrou n ded by his escort he said I will ascen d to “
, ,

the pala ce a n d looki n g about him then ce in every

,

directio n he clapped his han ds a n d wheresoever he ,

looked the earth trembled a n d he cried out Now mark , ,

“

how great is my power .

Then the Madda ki n g sen t him a n elephan t that had

been train ed to stan d impassive un der atta ck ri chly ,

capariso n ed Kusa mou n ted on the back of the elephan t

.

with a white umbrel l a held over him a n d ordered P a b ha

vati to be co n du cted there a n d s e a ti n g her behin d him ,

he left the city by the east gate escorted by a complete ,

host of the four arms a n d as soo n as he saw the forces

1
,

of the e n emy he cried I am kin g Kusa : let all who

, ,
“

”
value their lives l ie dow n on their bellies a n d he roared ,

thri ce with the roar of a lion a n d utterly crushed his foes .

The ki n g said
T he s e f oe s a re ra t he r t hi n e t ha n m i n e . T he y all b e l on g t o t he e ,
Thou l y a rt ou r s o v e re i g n l ord t o s l a y or t o s e t fre e
on ,
.

Bei n g thus spoke n to the Great Bei n g thought What , ,

“

ca n I do with these m e n whe n o n ce dead ? Let n ot their

El ph t c v l y ch i t
1
e a n s, a di f t y
a r ,
ar o s an n an r .
460 THE NINETEEN PROBLEMS
him drop it d
pursued him The hawk flew in differen t
'

an .

directio n s a n d they lookin g up followed behi n d a n d

, , ,

wearied themselves fli n gi n g sto n es a n d other mis s iles a n d

,

stumbli n g over on e an other Then the sage said to them .

,

”
I will make him drop it a n d they begged him to do so ,
.

He told them to look ; a n d the n himself without lookin g

up ra n with the swiftn ess O f the win d a n d trod upo n the
hawk s shadow a n d then cl appin g his han ds uttered a loud
’

shout By his power that shout seemed to pierce the

.

bird s belly through a n d through a n d in its terror it

’

dropped the flesh ; a n d the Great Bei n g kn owi n g by ,

watchi n g the shadow that it was dropped caught it ,

the air before it reached the grou n d The people seei n g .

the marvel made a great n oise shouti n g a n d clappi n g

, ,

their han ds The min ister heari n g of it sen t a n accoun t

.
, ,

to the ki n g telli n g him how the sage had by this mean s

made the bird drop the fles h The ki n g when he heard .
,

o f it asked S e n a k a whether he should summo n him to the

,

court S e n a k a refle cted From the time Of his comin g

.
,
“

I shall l ose al l my glory a n d the ki n g wi ll forget my

exi ste n ce I must n ot let him bri n g him here
—
,
so in e n vy
he said He is n ot a sage for such a n actio n as this this
, ,

is o n l y a small matter a n d the ki n g bei n g impartial sen t ,

word that the mi n ister should test him further where

he was .

2 . The cattle
“
A certai n ma n who dwelt in the
.

vi ll age of Y a v a m ajjha k a bought some cattle from an other

village i n ten di n g to ploug h whe n the rai n s had fallen
, ,

a n d brought them home The n ext day he took them .

to a field of grass to graze a n d rode on the back of on e

of the cattle Bein g tired he got down a n d sat on the
.

groun d a n d fel l asleep a n d mea n while a thief came a n d

,

carried O ff the cattle Whe n he woke he saw n ot his .

 TH E NINETEEN PROBLEM S 46 1

cattle but as he gazed on every side he beheld the thief

,

run ni n g away Jumpi n g up he shouted Where are y ou

.
,
“

taking my cattle ? They are my cattle a n d I am

” “
,

”
carryi n g them to the place which I wish A great crowd .

collected as they heard the dispute When the sage heard .

the n oise as they passed by the door O f the hall he sent ,

for them both When he saw their behaviour he at o n ce

.

knew which was the thief a n d which the real owner But .

though he felt sure he as ked them what they were

,

“
quarrelli n g about The own er said I bought these cattle
.
,

from a certai n person in such a village a n d I brought ,

them home a n d put them in a field Of grass This thief .

saw that I was not watchi n g and came a n d carried them

off
. Look ing in all directio n s I caught sight of him a n d
pursued a n d caught him The people of suc h a village .

kn ow that I bought the cattle a n d took them The thief .

”

replied This ma n speaks falsely they were born in my

,
“
,

“
house . The sage said I will decide yo u r case fairly ;
,
”
will y ou abide by my decision ? a n d they promised so to
abide The n thi n ki n g to himself that he must win the
.

“
hearts of the people he firs t asked the thief What have ,

you fed these cattle with a n d what have you give n them ,

“
to drin k ? They have drun k rice gruel and have been -

”
fed on sesame flour a n d kid n ey beans Then he asked .

the real owner who said My lord how could a poor m a n

, ,
“
,

like me get rice gruel a n d the rest ? I fed them on grass

-
.
”

The pan dit caused a n assembly to be brought together

and ordered pan ic seeds to be brought and groun d in a
mortar a n d moiste n ed with water a n d given to the cattle ,

a n d they forthwith vomited o n ly grass He shewed this .

to the assembly a n d then asked the thief Art thou the

, ,
“

thief or n ot ? He confessed that he was the thief He .

“
said t o him Then do n ot commit such a sin hen ceforth
, .
462 THE N I NETEEN PROBLEMS
But the B o dhis a t t a
atten dan ts carried the m a n away a n d
’
s

cu t off his han ds a n d feet a n d made him helpless Then .

the sage addressed him wi th words of good counsel This ,

“

sufferi n g has come upo n thee o n l y in this presen t l ife but ,

in the future life thou wil t su ffer great torme n t in the

differen t hells therefore he n ceforth aban do n su ch prae
,

”
ti ces ; he taught him the five comman dmen ts The .

mi n ister sen t a n ac coun t of the i n ciden t to the ki n g who ,

asked S e n a k a but he advised him to wait It is o n l y a n

, ,

affair about cattle a n d an ybody could decide it The .

ki n g bei n g impartial se n t the same comman d (This is

, , .

to be un derstood in all the subsequen t case s — we shall

give ea ch in order accordi n g to the li st ) .

1 ”
3. The n ecklace of thread
“
A certai n poor woman .

had tied together several threads of differe n t colours a n d

made them i n to a n e ckla ce whi ch she took Off from he r ,

ne ck a n d p l aced on her clothes as She wen t down to

bathe in a tan k whi ch the sage had caus ed to be made .

A youn g woman who s a w this co n ceived a lo n gin g for it ,

took it up a n d said to her Mother this is a very beautiful

,
“
,

n ecklace how much did it cost to make ?

, I will make
such a on e for mysel f May I put it on my own n eck a n d
.

ascertai n its size ? The other gave he r leave a n d she put

”

it on her n e ck a n d ra n off The elder woman seein g it .

came quickly ou t of the water a n d putti n g on her clothes ,

ra n after her a n d seized hold of her dress cryi n g You “

, ,

are run n i n g away with a n e ckla ce which I made The .

other replied I am n ot taki n g an ythi n g of yours it is the

, ,

necklace which I wear on my n eck a n d a great cro wd

collected as they heard this The sage while he played .
,

with the boys heard them quarrelli n g as they passed by

,

the door of the hall a n d asked what the n oise was about .

1
This is J a t 1 1 0. .
464 THE NINETEEN PROBLEMS
is t o be told at fu ll as before ) The sage asked the thief .
,

“
When y ou made the ball what did you put in s ide ? She
”
replied A cotto n seed,
“
Then he asked the other a n d .
,

she replied A t imb a ru seed

”

,
Whe n the crowd had .

heard what each said he untwisted the ball of cotto n a n d

,

foun d a t imb a ru seed in s ide a n d forced the thief to co n fess

her guilt The great multitude were highl y pleased a n d
.

shouted their applaus e at the way in which the case had

bee n decided .

5 The son
. A certai n woman took her s on a n d
.

went down to the sage s ta n k to wash her face After s he

’
.

had bathed her son she laid him in her dress a n d havin g
washed her own face we n t to bathe At that mome n t a .

female gobli n saw the child a n d wished to eat it so she ,

took hold of the dress a n d said My frie n d th is is a fin e ,

“
,

”
chi l d is b e your s on ?
,
Then she asked if she might give
him suck a n d on obtai n i n g the mother s con se n t she took
’

, ,

him a n d played with hi m for a w hile a n d then tried to ru n

off with h im The other ra n after her a n d seized hold of
.

her shouti n g Whi ther are you carryin g my child ? The

, ,

goblin repli ed Where did y ou get a child ? this is mi n e

,
“
.

As they wrangled they passed by the door of the hall a n d ,

the sage heari n g the n oise se n t for them a n d asked what

, ,

was the matter Whe n he heard the story although he

.
,

knew at once by her red u n wi n ki n g eyes that on e of them

was a gobli n he asked them whether they wo ul d abide by
,

hi s de cisio n O n their promisi n g to do s o he drew a li n e

.
,

a n d laid the chi l d in the middle of the l i n e a n d bade the

gobli n seize the chil d by the han ds a n d the mother by the

feet The n he said to them Lay hold of it a n d pull ; the
.
,

child is hers who ca n pull it over They both pul led a n d .

,

the child bei n g pain ed while it was p u l led uttered a loud

, ,

cry Then the mother with a heart whi ch seemed ready

.
,
 THE NINETEEN PROBLEM S 465

to burst let the child go a n d stood weepi n g The sage

, .

asked the multitu de I s it the heart of the mother whi ch

,
“

is te n der towards the child or the heart of her who is not

” ’
the mother ? They answered The mother s heart Is , .

she the mother who kept hold of the child o r she who let
” ” “
it go ? They replied S he who let it go Do you kn ow
, .

who she is who stole the child ? We do n ot k n ow ,

O sage S he is a gobli n
.
— she seized it in order to eat ,

it . When they asked how he k n ew that he replied ,

“
I kn ew her by her u n wi n ki n g a n d red eyes a n d by her
casti n g n o shadow and by her fearlessn ess a n d wan t of
mercy Then he asked her what she was a n d she con
.
”
,

fessed that she was a gobli n Why did you seize the .
“

”
child ? To eat it Y ou blind fool
“
he said y ou
.
, ,

committed sin in ol d time and so were born as a gobli n ;

a n d n ow y ou still go on committing s in bli n d fool that ,

you are The n he exhorted her and established her in

.

the five precepts a n d sen t her away ; a n d the mother

’ ”
blessed him a n d sayi n g May st thou live lo n g my lord
, ,
“
, ,

took her s on a n d we n t her way .

6 The black ball

.
“
There was a certai n ma n who .
”

was called G ol a k a l a —n ow he g ot the n ame g ol a ball

,
‘ ’

from his dwa rfish size a n d k a l a from his black colour , .

He worked in a certain house for seven years a n d obtai n ed

a wife a n d she was n amed D ig ha t a l a O n e day he said to
, .

“
her Wife cook some sweetmeats a n d food we will pay a
, , ,

visit to your pare n ts At first she Opposed the plan .

,

”
sayin g What have I to do with parents n ow ? but after
,

the third time Of aski n g he i n duced her to cook some

cakes a n d havi n g take n some provisio n s a n d a presen t he
,

s e t ou t on the j ourn ey with h er I n the course o f the .

j ourn ey he came to a stream which was n ot really deep ,

but they bei n g both afraid of water dared n ot cross it and

, ,

F. a T . 50
46 6 THE N I NETEEN PROBLEMS
stood on the ban k N o w a poor ma n n amed D ig ha pit t hi
.

came to that place as he walked alo n g the ban k a n d ,

whe n they s a w him they asked him whether the river was
deep or shallow S eei n g that they were afraid of the water
.

he told them that it was very deep a n d fu ll of voracious

“ ”
fish . How the n wil l you go across it ? I have stru ck
up a frie n dship with the crocodiles a n d mo n sters that live
here a n d therefore they do n ot hurt me
, Do take us .

”
with y ou they said When he co n se n ted they gave him
, .

some meat a n d dri n k ; a n d when he fi n ished his meal he

asked them whi ch he shoul d carry over first Take ou r .

frie n d first a n d the n take me said G ol a k a l a Then the , .

m a n placed her on his shoulders a n d took the provisio n s

a n d the prese n t a n d we n t dow n i n to the stream Whe n .

he had go n e a l ittle way he crouched dow n a n d walked ,

alo n g in a be n t posture G ol a k a l a as he stood on the .

,

ban k t hought to himself Th is stream must i n deed be

, ,
“

very deep ; if it is s o di fficul t for eve n such a ma n as

D ig ha pit t hi it must be impassable for me
, When the .

other had carried the woman to the middle of the stream ,

he said to her Lady I wil l cherish you a n d y ou Sha l l live

, , ,

brave l y arrayed with fin e dresses a n d or n amen ts a n d me n

servan ts a n d maid servan ts what will this poor d warf do
-

for y ou ? liste n to what I tell you She listen ed to his .

words a n d ceased to love her husban d a n d bei n g at o n ce ,

i n f atuated with the stran ger she con s e n ted sayi n g I f , , ,

“

you will n ot aban do n me I will do as y ou say So whe n,

.

they rea ched the Opposite ban k they am us ed themselves ,

a n d left G ol a k a l a biddi n g him stay where he was

,
Whi l e .

he stood there looki n g on they ate up the meat and drin k ,

a n d departed When he saw it he exclaimed They have

.
, ,

stru ck up a frie n dship a n d are ru n n i n g away leavi n g me ,

here As he ra n ba ckwards a n d forwards he wen t a little

.
46 8 THE NINETEEN PROBLEMS
With G ol a k a l a Then he pro n oun ced his sen te n ce ,

This ma n is her hus ban d the other is a thief ; a n d ,

”

when he asked him he made him co n fess that he had

acte d as the thief .

7 . The chariot “
A certai n ma n who was sittin g in .
,

a chariot alighted from it to wash his face

, At that .

momen t Sakka w a s con sideri n g a n d as he beheld the sage

he resolved that he would make kn own the power a n d
wisdom of M a hos a dha the embryo Bud dha So he ca me .

down in the form of a ma n a n d followed the chariot ,

holdin g on behi n d The m a n who sat in the chariot asked .

,
” ”
Why have you come ? He replied To serve you The , .

m a n agreed a n d di s moun tin g from the chariot we n t aside

,

at a ca ll of n ature Immediately Sakka mou n ted in the .

chariot a n d we n t off at speed The ow n er of the chariot .

,

his busin ess do n e returned ; a n d whe n he sa w S akka ,

hurryi n g away with the chariot he ra n qu i ckly behi n d , ,

”
cryi n g S top stop where are you taki n g my chariot ?
,
“
, ,

Sakka replied Your chariot must be a n other this is,

“
,

mi n e Thus wran gli n g they came to the gate of the hal l

.
”
.

”
The sage asked What is thi s a n d se n t for him : as he
?
,
“

came by his fearlessn ess a n d his eyes which wi n ked n ot

, ,

the sage kn ew that this was Sakka a n d the other was the
own er Nevertheless he e n quired the cause of the quarrel
. ,

a n d asked them Will you abide by my dec isio n ? They

,
“

said Y e s
,
“
He we n t on I w ill cause the chariot to be
.
,

driven a n d y ou must both ho l d on behi n d : the ow n er wi l l

,

n ot let go the other will The n he told a ma n to drive

,
.

the chariot a n d he did so the o t hers holdi n g on behi n d

, ,
.

The o wn er we n t a little way the n bei n g u n able to ru n ,

further he let go but Sakka we n t on ru n n i n g with the ,

chariot Whe n he had re call ed the chariot the sage said

. ,

to the people : This m a n ra n a little way a n d let go ; the

 THE NIN ETEEN PROBLEM S 46 9

other ra n out with the chariot a n d came back with it yet ,

there is n ot a drop of sweat o n his body n o pan ti n g he is , ,

fearless his eyes wi n k n ot — this is S akka ki n g of the gods

, ,
.

“
The n he asked Are y ou ki n g of the gods ?
,
“
Yes .

T o Spread the fame of

“
Why did y ou come here ? “

“ ” ’
your wisdom O sage ! ,
The n said he do n t do that “
, ,

ki n d of thi n g agai n ”
Now Sakka revealed his power by
.

stan di n g poised in the air a n d praised the sage sayi n g , , ,

“ ”
A wise j udgmen t this ! So he we n t t o his own place .

Then the mi n ister un summon ed we n t to the ki n g a n d ,

“
said O great ki n g thus was the Chariot Question re
, ,

solved : a n d even S akka was subdued by him ; why do

n me n ?
”

y o u n o t re c og n ise superiority i The king asked

Sen aka What say you S e n a k a shall we bri n g the sage
,
“
, ,

” “
here ? S e n a k a replied That is n ot all that makes a
,

”
sage Wait awhile : I wi ll test him a n d fin d ou t
. .

“
8 . The pole S o on e day with a view of testi n g the
.
,

sage they fetched a n acacia pole and cutti n g O ff about a

, ,

span they had it n icely smoothed by a turn er and se n t it

, ,

t o the vi llage of E a st Y a v a ma jjha k a with this message ,

The people of Y a v a m a jjha k a have a n ame for wisdom .

Let them fin d ou t the n which end is the t op a n d which

the root of this stick If t hey can n ot there is a fin e of a
.
,

thousan d pieces The people gathere d together but could

.

n ot fin d it out a n d they said t o their g il dma s t e r Perhaps “

, ,

M a ho s a dha the sage would k n ow ; sen d a n d ask him ”

.

The g il dm a st e r se n t for the sage from his playgroun d a n d ,

told him the m atter how they could n ot fin d it ou t but ,

“
perhaps he could The sage thought in himself The
.
,

ki n g ca n gai n n othin g from k n owi n g which is the top a n d

”
which is the root ; n o doubt it is sen t t o test me He .

said Bri n g it here my frie n ds I will fin d ou t

, , Holdi n g , .

it in his han d he kn ew which was the top and whic h the

,
4 70 THE NINETEEN PROBLEMS
root ; yet t o pl ease the heart of the people he se n t for a ,

p o t of water a n d tied a stri n g rou n d the middle of the

,

stick a n d holdi n g it by the e n d of the stri n g he let it

,

dow n to the surface of the water The root bei n g heavier .

san k first Then he asked the peop l e I S the root of a

.
,
“

” ”
tree heavier or the top ? The root wise sir !
, See ,
“

the n thi s part sin ks first a n d thi s is therefore the root

, , .

By this mark he di stin guished the root from the top The .

people se n t it back to the ki n g disti n guis hi n g which was ,

the root a n d which was the top The ki n g was pleased .

,

a n d asked who had foun d it ou t ? They said The sage “

, ,

M a hosa dha s on of the g il dm a s t e r S ii i v a ddhi

”

, Sen ak a .
“
,
” ”
shall we se n d for him ? he asked Wait my lord he .
“
, ,

replied let us try him in an other way

,
“
.

”
9. The head O n e day two heads were brought.
, ,

on e a woman s a n d on e a ma n s ; these were se n t to be

’ ’

di sti n guished with a fin e of a thousan d pieces in case of

,

failure The villagers could n ot de cide a n d asked the

.

Great Bei n g He recogn ised them at sight be cau s e they

.
, ,

say the sutures in a man s head are straight a n d in a

,
’

woman s head they are crooked By this mark he told

’
.

whi ch was which ; a n d they sen t back to the ki n g The .

rest is as before .

10 . The s n ake O n e day a male a n d a female s n ake

.

were brought a n d sen t for the vi l l agers to de cide whi ch

,

was which They asked the sage a n d he kn ew at o n ce

’

.
,

whe n he saw them ; for the tail of the male s n ake is thick ,

that of the female is thi n ; the mal e s n ake s head is thi ck ’

the female s is lo n g ; the eyes of the mal e are big of the

’

female small the head of the male is roun ded that of

, ,

the female cut short By these sign s he disti n guished .

mal e from fem ale The rest is as before . .

11 . The co ck “
O n e day a message was se n t t o the
.
4 72 THE NINET EEN PROBLEM S
with the calf or else there is a fin e of a thousa n d pieces
,
.

The villagers perplexed what to do applied to the sage ;

, ,

who thought fit to meet on e question with an other a n d ,

asked C a n y ou fin d a bold ma n able to speak t o the

,
“

” ”
ki n g ? That is n o hard matter they replied So they ,
.

summo n ed him a n d the Great Bei n g said ,

Go my good ,

m a n let your hair down loose over your shoul ders a n d go

, ,

to the pala ce gate weepi n g a n d lamen ti n g sore An swer .

n o n e but the ki n g o n l y l ame n t ; a n d if the ki n g se n ds fo r

,

you to ask why you lame n t s a y This seven days my father , ,

is in labour a n d can n ot bri n g forth ; O help me ! tell m e

how I may deliver him ! The n the ki n g wil l s a y What ,

mad n ess ! this is impossible ; me n do n ot bear childre n .

The n you must s a y If that be true how ca n the people O f , ,

East Y a v a m a jjha k a deliver your royal bull o a calf

f ? As
he was hidde n so he did The ki n g asked who thought of
,
.

that cou n ter qu ip ; a n d on heari n g that it was the sage

-

M a hos a dha he was pleased .

14 The boiled rice

. A n other day to test the sage .
, ,

this message was se n t : The peop l e of East Y a va m ajjha k a “

must se n d us some boiled rice cooked u n der eight

con ditio n s a n d these are — without ri ce without water
, , ,

without a po t without a n ove n without fire wi thou t

, , ,

firewood without bei n g se n t alo n g a road either by

,

woman or m a n If they can n ot do it there is a fin e Of

.
,

a thousan d pie ces The peop l e perplexed applied to the

.

sage ; who said Be n o t trouble d Take some broke n

,
“

rice for that is n ot ri ce ; s n o w for that is n o t water ;

, ,

a n earthe n bow l whi ch is n o pot ; chop up some wood

,

b l ocks whi ch are n o ove n ; ki n dl e fire by rubbi n g i n stead ,

of a proper fire ; take leaves i n stead of firewood ; cook

your sour ri ce put it in a n e w vessel press it we l l down
, , ,

put it on the head of a eun u ch who is n either m a n n o r ,

 THE NINETEEN PROBLEM S 4 73

woman leave the mai n road a n d go al ong a footpath

, ,

a n d take it to the ki n g They did so ; a n d the ki n g was.

pleased whe n he heard by whom the questio n had been

solved .

15 The san d
. An other day to test the sage they
.
, ,

se n t this message to the villagers : The ki n g wishes to “

amuse himself in a swin g a n d the Old rope is broke n ; ,

o are to make a rope o f sand o r else pay a fi n e of

y u ,
”
a thousan d pieces They kn ew n ot what to do a n d
.
,

appealed to the sage who s a w that this was the place for
,

a coun ter questio n He reassured the people ; a n d sen d

-
.

in g for two or three clever speakers he bade them go tell ,

the ki n g : My lord the villagers do n ot kn ow whether the

,

san d rope is t o be thick or thi n ; sen d them a bit of the

-

ol d rope a Spa n lo n g or four fi n gers ; this they will look

,

at a n d twist a rope of the same size If the ki n g replied . ,

”
S an d rope there n ever was in my house they were to
-
,

reply If your maj esty can n ot make a san d rope how ca n

,
“ -

,
”
the villagers do s o ? They did s o ; a n d the ki n g was
pleased on heari n g that the sage had thought of this
coun ter quip -
.

“
16 The tan k An other day the message was : The
.
“
.
,

ki n g desires to disport him in the water ; you must sen d

me a n e w tan k covered with water lilies of all five kin ds ,

otherwise there is a fin e of a thousan d pieces They told .

”

the sage who saw that a coun ter quip wa s wan ted He
,
-
.

sen t for several m e n clever at speaki n g a n d said t o them : ,

“
Go a n d play in the water till your eyes are red go to the ,

palace door with wet hair a n d wet garme n ts a n d your

bodies all over mud holdi n g in your han ds ropes staves
, , ,

a n d clods ; se n d word to the ki n g of your comi n g a n d ,

whe n you are admitted say to him Sire i n asmuch as your , ,

maj esty has ordered the people of East Y a va m a jjha k a

4 74 THE NINETEEN PROBLEM S
to sen d y ou a tan k we brought a great tank to suit your
,

taste ; but she bei n g used to a life in the forest n o soo n er ,

saw the tow n with its walls moats a n d watch towers than , ,
-

she took fright a n d broke the ropes a n d O ff i n to the

forest : we pelted her with clods a n d beat her with sti cks
but co ul d n o t make her come back Give us the n the .

ol d ta n k whi ch your maj esty i s said to have brought from

the forest a n d we will yoke them together a n d bri n g

,

the other back The ki n g will sa y I n ever had a tan k

.
,

brought in from the forest a n d n ever se n t a tan k ,

there to be yoked a n d bri n g in an other ! The n y ou

must say If that is so how ca n the vil lagers se n d you
, ,

a tan k ? They did so ; a n d the ki n g was pleased to hear

”

that the sage had thought of this .

”
17 . The park Agai n on a day the ki n g se n t a
.

message I wish to disport me in the park a n d my park

.
“
,

is O l d The people of Y a va ma jjha k a must sen d me a n e w

.

park filled with trees a n d flowers

,
The sage reassured .

them as before a n d se n t me n to Speak in the same

,

man n er a s above .

18 1
The n the ki n g was pleased a n d said to S e n a k a
.
,

Well S e n a k a shall we se n d for the sage ? But he

”

, ,

grudgi n g the other s prosperity said That is n ot all ’

, ,
“

”
that makes a sage ; wait O n heari n g this the ki n g .

thought The sage M a hosa dha wa s wise e ven as a

,
“

chil d a n d took my fan cy I n all these deep tests a n d

,
.

cou n ter quips he has give n a n swers like a Buddha Yet

-
.

S e n a k a will n ot let me summo n su ch a sage as this

to my side What care I for S e n a k a ? I wi ll bri n g the
.

m a n here So with a great followi n g he set ou t fo r the

.

vil l age mou n ted upo n his royal horse But as he we n t

,
.

the horse put his foot i n to a hole a n d broke his leg ; so

Th i i J a t 1 1 1 1
s s . .
4 76 THE N I NETEEN PROBLEM S
sit in a suitable place He fou n d a place a n d sat there
. .

Meanwhile the Great Bei n g dressed himself in all his

Splen dour a n d atte n ded by the thousan d youths he came
,

seated in a magn ifi cen t chariot As he e n tered the town .

he beheld a n ass by the side of a ditch a n d he dire cted ,

some sto u t fellows to faste n up the mouth of the ass so

that it should make n o n oise to put him in a bag a n d ,

carry him on their shoulders They did so ; the B o dhisa t t a .

e n tered the city with his great compan y The people could .

”
n ot praise him e n ough This they cried is the wise “
.
, ,

M a hosa dha the mer chan t S iriv a ddha k a s s on ; this they say
’

is he who was born ho l di n g a herb of virtue in his han d ;

,

he it is who k n ew the a n swers to so man y problems set to

test him . O n arrivi n g before the pal ace he se n t in word
of h is comi n g The ki n g was pleased to hear it a n d said
.
,

Let my s on the wise M a hos a dha make haste to come in .

”

S O with his atte n da n ts he e n tered the pa l a ce a n d sal uted

the ki n g a n d stood o n on e side The ki n g delighted to .

see him spoke to him very sweetly a n d bade him fin d ,

a fit seat a n d s it down He looked at his father a n d his

.
,

father at this on e uprose from his seat a n d i n vited him to

sit there whi ch he did Thereupo n the foolish m e n who
, .

were there S e n a k a P u k k u sa K a vi n da Devi n da a n d others

, , , , , ,

seei n g him s it there clapped their han ds a n d laughed

,

loudly a n d cried This is the bli n d fool they cal l wise He

,

has made his father rise from his seat a n d sits there h i mself ! ,

”
Wise he should n ot be called surely The ki n g al so was .

crestfa ll e n The n the Great Bei n g said Why my lord ! “

.
, ,
”
are you sad ? Y e s wise sir I am sa d
“
, I was glad to
,
.

hear of you but to see you I am n ot gl ad

, Why s o ? .
“

Because you have made your father rise from his seat ,

a n d sit there yoursel f What my lord ! do you thi n k

.
,

that in all cases the sire is better than the so s n ? Yes “

,
 THE NINETEEN PROBLEM S 477

sage Did y ou n ot sen d word to me to bri n g y ou a

.

”
mule or somethi n g more excellen t ? S o sayi n g he
rose up a n d looki n g towards the you n g fellows said ,

“ ”
Bri n g in the ass y o u have brought Placin g this ass .

before the ki n g he went on S ire what is the price of , ,

”
this ass ? The ki n g said If it be servi ceable it is worth , ,

eight k a ha pa n a s ”
But if he get a mule colt ou t of a
.

t horob re d S i n dh mare what will the price of it be ?

”
, It
” “
will be priceless Why do y ou say that my lord ? Have
.
,

you not j ust said that in all cases the sire is better
than the so n s ? By your own sayi n g the ass is worth
more than the mule colt Now have n ot your wise men .

clapt their hands and laughed at me because they did

not kn ow that ? What wi sdom is this of your wise men !
where did you get them ? A n d in co n tempt for all
four of them he addressed the ki n g in this stan za of the
Firs t Book
You s mil e a n d t hi n k t ha t t he s ire i s b e t t e r t ha n t he son 0 e x ce l le n t
, ,

k in g The n i s y ou cre a t u re b e t t e r t ha n t he mu l e ; t he a ss i s t he mul e s

.
’

s i re .

After this said he wen t on My lord if the sire is

, ,
“
,

better than the son take my sire i n to your service ; if the

,
”
s on is better than the sire take me The ki n g was ,
.

delighted ; a n d all the compan y cried ou t applaudi n g a n d

praisin g a thousan d times— Well i n dee d has the wise “

m a n solved the question There was cracki n g of fi n gers

.

a n d wavi n g of a thousan d scarves : the four were crest

falle n .

Now n o on e kn ows bett er than the B odhis a t t a the value

of paren ts I f on e ask the n why he did so : it was n ot to
. ,

throw co n tempt on his father but when the ki n g sen t ,

the message send a mule or somethi n g more excelle n t

, ,

he did thus in order to solve that problem a n d to ,

 4 78 THE N I NETEEN PROBLEMS
make his wisdom to be re cogn ised a n d to take the shin e ,

out of the four sages .

The ki n g was pleased ; a n d taki n g the golden vase filled

with s cen ted water poured the water upo n the mer chan t s
,
’

han d sayi n g E n j oy the village of East Y a va majjha k a

, ,
“

as a gift from t he —
ki g L et the other mer chan ts he
n ,

“
wen t o n be subordi n ate to this
, This do n e he sen t .

to the mother of the B o dhisa t t a all kin ds of orn amen ts .

Delighted as he was at the B odhisa t t a s so l ution o f the ’

A s s Questio n he wished to make the B o dhisa t t a as his own

,

a n d to the father said G ood sir give me the Great

“
s on , , ,

Bei n g to be my son He replied S ire very youn g is he

.
,
“
,

still ; even yet his mout h smells of milk : but when he is

old he shall be with y ou
,
The ki n g said however Good .
,
“

sir he n ceforth you must give up your attachmen t to the

,

b oy ; from this day he is my s on I ca n support my .

son so go your ways

,
The n he sen t him away He did
. .

obeisan ce to the ki n g a n d embraced his s on a n d throw , ,

in g his arms about him kissed him upo n the head a n d ,

gave him good coun sel The boy also bade his father .

farewell a n d begged him not to be an xious a n d sent him

, ,

away .

The ki n g the n asked the sage whether he would take ,

his meals i n side the pala ce or without it He thi n ki n g .

that with s o large a reti n ue it were best to have his meals

outside the palace replied to that e ffect Then the ki n g
,
.

gave him a suitable house a n d providi n g for the main ,

t e n a n ce of the thousan d youths a n d all gave him all that ,

was n eedful From that time the sage attended upo n

.

the ki n g .

19 Now the ki n g desired t o test the sage At that

. .

’
time there was a precious j ewel in a crow s n est on a palm
tree which stood on the ban k Of a lake n ear the southern
4 80 THE N I NETEEN PROBLEM S
should be like Ma hos a dha Thus they praised the
Great Bein g ; a n d the kin g bei n g delighted wi th him ,

gave him a n eckl ace of pearls from his own neck a n d ,

strings of pearls to the thousan d boys a n d to him a n d his ,

reti n ue he gran ted the right to wait upo n him without

ceremo n y .

A t dy f t h t y pe f t l i w h ch
s u o ch p b l m cc i giv b y B f y i hi
e o a e n i su ro e s o ur s en en e n s

e ss a y D i kl g D ir ( Kl S h
e 1 15 6 if ) Th m t imp t
u e t v i t
ne Tib T . c r 11 . . . . e os or a n a r a n s a re . .

VI I V III Th S t
.
y f A hi k
,
i S y i c A b ic t
e or ( di t d b y F C C yb
o JR a r n r a , ra ,
e c . e e . . on e a re , . .

H i d A S mit h L wi 2 md d C mb i dg
a rr s , a n . d t h L if f A p The e s, e . a r e, an e e o es o .

f l l wi g p l l l t th p b l m t gt h B f y vi w t h t t h t l i
’
o o n a ra e s o f I di e ro e s s re n en en e s e a e a e s o n an

or ig i Cf I t d p 6
n . d t h p b l m i J at 2 57 p 2 0 7
. n ro .
,
an e ro e s n .
,
. .

2 Th
. me m e d t sa c vi c t t h d gs i J at 2 2 p 2 8 d t
eans a re u se o on e o n .
,
.
,
an o

c vict
on g i Ti b T
a III f P b l m 6
ro u e n . . V ,
c . ro e .

5 S l m j dgme t 1 K i g iii 1 6 I Tib T n t w m di p t t h

. o o on s
’
u n ,
n s . . n . . v . o en s u e e

p i
osse ss on f p i f b t Viéak ha g iv
o a t m
a r o d th th t th oo s . e s on e o on e an an e o er o e

o th Th
er . l w ye w hy h
re a l d t h b t b op t d ? d th th
n e r sa s,
“
s ou e oo s e se a ra e
”
an e o e r,

wh t g d i m ?
“ ”
a b t t
oo s on e oo o e

6 T i b T V III b t t h
. th c
. vict i of t h r g i b ght b t b y m ki g
.
,
u e re e on on e o ue s rou a ou a n

t h di p t
e t s v mit
s u an o .

7 Th B dhi t t b y
. e yi g t h t t ho w wil l t l t g t i ck S kk i t
sa a sa n a e o n er no e o r s a a n o

r v
e li g h im l f
ea n se .

8 Ti b T
. L d vi i . . VI an i .

10 Ti b T III wh
. th m l . k i . bl tV d ,
t ki g wit h t he e re e a e sn a e s un a e o en u re s ro n

l e f f c t t pl t
a o a o on an .

11 . A riddl e of t he sa me t ype as 14 .

12 . I n t he M o h
mme da n l e g e n ds of t he i s it of B il q is, u e e n of a e b a, t o v Q Sh
Sol omon on e of t h e p rob l e ms w i
,
she gi e s t o t he k in g is t o t re a d a di a mon d h ch v h .

h
T is is don e b y a w orm re e p in g t rou g t he e we l (We il B i b l i ca l L eg e n ds Of t he c h h j .
,

M u s s u l ma n s Lon don , ,

13 . Tib T . . v ri I . h
T is , l ik e 1 5, 1 6 , 1 7 , is a n s w e re d by a c ou n t e r -
qu ip, a n ot h er

im poss ib il it y b e in g re t ort e d o t he pro ose r

n Tw o s u p . c h occ u r in A hik a r, w h e re t he
ki n g Egy pt propos e s t o
of and e a e n (a l s o i n Life of c
b ui l d a a s t l e b e t w e e n e a rt h h v
h
A e s op), a n d w e n he re q u i re s a b ro e n mil l st on e t o b e s e wn u p k .

14 Ti b T V
. T is is a riddl e w i
. . III
re se mb l e s t he e n ig ma g i e n in t w o
. h h ch v
forms b y t he s ch ol ia s t on P l a t o, R ep . v . 47 9 0 . The fi rs t form i s :

AZ i
’

VO i i i )p
' ’
e o rw , ( i/ rp r e k ot k a vr
‘
o s
‘
S 7 1s

iK dpmfl ida iv i 280311

' ’
bpmda i re Ko t x

gdhov
'

gdhon 6 dqn e wyv

’
e 7r i re x 0 Ka

i M6 9 Ba ho : re KO JBOAO I
' '

re Ko r .

The a n sw e r b e in g a e unu c hai me d a t a b a t w i he s a w im h ch p e rfe c t l y sit t i ng u p on

a re e d, wi t h a pu mi c e s t on e a n d
-
miss e d him .
(J w o ett an d Ca mpb e ll ) .
 THE NI NETEEN PROBLEM S 481

Of t he
. le g Na mu ci b y I n dra in t he Sa t a pa t ha B r
e n d of t he l
a hma n a ,
s a yin g of

x i i 7, 3
. I n dra ha d s worn t o Na mu e i, n ot b y da y n or b y n ig ht w i I s a y t e e ,
.
“
ll l h
n ot wi t h
st i k, n ot wi t c
how, n ot wi t dry , n ot wit w e t ”
h
B u t he s e w him wit a h h . l h
t h u n de rb ol t of foa m
moist , wit t his In dra , whe n n ig t w a s
.
“
I t wa s n ot dry n or h h
g rowin g b rig ht , a n d t he sun wa s n ot a rise n , cu t off t he e a d of Na mu e i, t he A su ra
”
h .

15 . . . III c
Tib T V , a ou n t e r u ip, b u t in Ab ik a r t he sa g e ma k e s fiv e a b l e s b y -
q c
b orin g five hol e s in t he e a st wa of t h e p a a e , a n d s a t t e rs s a n d in t h e ra y s ll lc c
Of l ig h t .

1 6, 1 7 Comb in e d in on e in Ti b T V
. Gi e n a s t a sk s t o b e a t u a y p e rforme d . . III . v c ll
in Ja t . 2 2 0, pp . 1 8 4, 1 8 6 .

18 . Ti b T
. . V III ,
is fu ll mul e t o b e
er an d ha s more p oin t . The ki ng ha d se n t a

t a k e n c a re of, a n d it wa s a rrie d Off Wh e n t he kin g ma in t a in s t ha t t he fa t h e r is

c .

b e t t e r t ha n t he son , Ma hosa dha ofl e rs him a n a ss in pl a c e of t he mu le

'

19 Ti b T V III
. I n J u l ie n 4 6 a fool t h in k s t h a t he se e s g ol d in a p ool, a n d
. . .

div e s for it s e ve ra l t ime s H is fa t he r she ws him t ha t it is re fl e ct e d from a b ird in

.

a t re e , wh ic hha s t he g ol d in it s mou t h .

ADDENDA
Pa g e 1 76 . Se e a more a cc u ra t e form of t he Je wi h v s a ria n t in t he a rt i cl e 0 11 B en
S ira in t he J e wi sh E n cy cl ope di a , b y Dr L G in z b e rg , who s e ws t a t t he a u t or of . h h h
c
t he omme n t a ry on t he A lpha b e t of B e n S i ra dre w it from some e rsion of K a l i l a h v
a nd D i mn a h .

Pa g e 4 0 9 . Cf . l
a so, Ue b e r de n B odhi sa t t va a ls El epha n t m i t se c s h H a u z a hn en ,
J S Sp
. . e y e r, ZDM G .
,
19 0 3, pp 3 0 5 if . .

F . & T
 INDEX

Ti t l e s of t he t a l es a re in i ta l i c s

'

Ab hidhan a ppa di pik a a 4s B a l a de v a 3 1 6 , 32 5

Ab ort i on c
prot e t ion a ga in s t 1 3 1 , 3 7 0 , 43 1
,
B a l a rama 3 25
Act of Tru t 1 7 , 2 4, 6 9 , 3 8 7 h B e al , S . 1 66 , 1 7 6
Adas a mu kha 1 9 7 , 1 9 8 B ea u t y and t he B e a s t 4 59
A dv e n t u re s (The ) of t he P ri n c e a nd his B e n a re s 1 6, an d o ft e n

B rot he r 283 B e n fe y , T . 1 , 2 , 3 0 , 32 , 9 2 , 1 5 8 , 2 1 0 , 2 2 9 ,
Ae l i a n 3 6, 1 3 9 2 6 3 , 4 59 , 4 80
A e sop 4 , 6 , 8 , 2 5, 3 4 , 3 6 , 3 9 , 1 1 8 , 1 4 1 , 1 5 6 , B e re k y a h h
ha -
N q d h 221
a a

1 7 1 , 1 7 6 , 180 , 2 1 5, 2 2 0 , 2 24 , 2 57 , 2 59 ; Be rgm a n n , B .
,
N S tr if
oni . e e re ie n 22 9
l ife of 480 B e t ra y e r ( T he ) B e t ra y e d 2 53
Agg ide v a 316 h v
B ag a a t a Pu ran a 3 2 5
Ab k i a r, S t ory of 6 , 4 80 B ha n duk a n n a , ju ggl e r 3 7 2
Ajju n a 3 16 B h t b tha ra a ,
ro e r of R am a 3 26
Al a mb a ra ,
dru m of t he T it a n s 2 13 B h h t St p 5
ar u u a , 3 2 , 47 , 7 0 , 1 49 1 7 3 , 2 59
A mk u ra 3 16 2 8 3 , 4 09
An a k a dru m 2 13
, B ha ru k a ccha (B roa c h ) 2 51
An a n da ki n g of t he fi s e s 3 0 2 14
,
h , B hi ma se n a 99
An dha k a v e n hu sla e 3 1 6 ra ce of 3 2 5, v 393 B idpa i , fa b l e s of 10
An droc l e s a n d t he l ion 1 39 B il a d, s t ory of 9 2 , 1 45
Anja n a , da u ght e r of D e v a g a b b ha 316 B i l q is , q u e e n o f S h b 480
e a

An u t i ra cari , ot t e r 2 67 , M
B irds a dopt e d a s c h il d 1 67 re n , 4 10
A ch c v K g R ic h d
( q 0

r e ry , ma rv e l l ou s B l onde l di s o e rs in ar 381
c B i oém
‘ ‘

Arin da m a , his fi e id, M , on t a l k in g b i rds 4 1 7

“

prin di s co ve i s "
fri en d
‘

e, .

t h rou g h a s on g 38 1 , 41 8 B oil e a u 2 6 9
A ri s t opha n e s 36 ‘
B orO B oe doe r 1 6 7
-

Asa di sa , prin e 1 4 5 c B ra hm a da t t a 1 3 , a n d oft e n

As it a ii ja n a , it y 3 1 4
'

c ‘
e
B ra hmi n ( The ) a n d t he A ro ba t 1 7 6 c
A 83 ( T he ) i n t he L i on s S k i n B na hmin ( T h e ) a nd t he S n a ke 2 69
’
1 55 ;

A Ti t
s u ra s , se e a ns B ra hmi n
’
s (T he ) R e ve n g e on t he M on k e y s 277
A l G l l i 13 9
u us e us B ra hmi n
’
s (T h e ) Spe l l 63
Av da C t h 3 89
a na -
a a a B u dd h in t he J a t a k a 3 ; i n t e rpre t s dre a ms
a,

Av l k it sv 1 66
a o e a ra c
7 9 ; re je t s s u pe rs t i t i on o f s n e e i n g 1 15 ; z
Ay Ot a, c it y 318 a t t e mpt on hi s hfe 2 7 7 ; t ron e of 3 4 6 h
s ix -
c ol o u re d ra y s 40 0
B a b ri u s 25 , 3 4, 39, 118, 141 , B u ddha g hos ha P a ra b l e s 17, 1 20 ,
’
1 56 , 2 20 , s 2 22 ,
2 24 , 2 57 2 43 , 3 2 5
B a b y l on 7 h
B u l e r, G .
,
R it ual -
L i t t e ra t u r 3 7 0
 4 84 INDEX
Fra n k e , O c . 4 , 2 40 , 2 9 3 , 3 89 H e rodot u s 3 2, 7 2, 1 3 6
Fra z e r, S ir J . G . 8 4 , 2 6 3 , 2 88 H e ron da s 181
Frie n ds i p h of a n im a l s 1 4 1 , 1 7 1 , 3 57 H eron
’
s ( The ) R e v en g e 2 43
H e ro s ( T he )
’
T a sk s 1 83
G am an i -
ca n da 2 00 H e s iod 1 , 1 3 6 , 2 43
G a mb hi ra ca ri , ot t e r 267 H ippocl ide s 32
G a m in g 2 50 , 3 51 ; ci c l
r e 6 8 ; di c e 2 51 H it opa de sa 3 4 , 24 7
G a ru da s 2 50 H i u e n Thsa n g 229
G a st e r, M 92 . H ora c e 2 5 , 1 56 , 22 0
G e st a Roma n oru m 7 8 1 18 1 3 9 1 6 8, 2 43 , , ,
H ou ss e pa rt i e 3 14
G ha t a pa n di t a 3 16 H ypo ri t i c c a l (The ) J a ka lc 1 15
G ha t ik ara
’
s h ou s e , m ira l e c of 25
G il dma s t e r 1 3 ; G il dm a s t e r L it t l e 1 3 fl
“
.
I mpe rma n e n ce (T he ) of w orl dl y J oy s 234
Gipsy t a l e s 2 1 8 In c
mpa ra b l e (T he ) Ar
o c he r 1 45
G i iy ja c k a l 2 6 5 I n da s a ma n a go t t a 1 40
.

r a,

G blo in (T he ) C i t y 1 6 4 I n g ra t i t u d e pu n i s he d 1 58
G b li
o n s, see Ya kk ha s c
I ron ou n t e ra t s ma g i 3 19 c c
G bli
o n s
’
( T he ) G if t 2 94
G ol a k a l a , dw a rf 4 6 5 J a ck a l (T he ) a n d t he C row 2 1 9
G olde n (The ) G oose 11 7 J a ck l a
(T he ) b e t ra y e d b y his H ow l 143
G ol de n i ma g e , se n t to dis cv
o er a b ride J a ck l a
’
s (T h e ) spe l l 1 93
2 35 , 2 3 7 , 4 3 3 Ja c bio , H . 3 30
G ol de n L an d 2 51 Ja cb o s, J 5 , 6 , 3 2 , 4 5, 6 3 , 1 1 8 , 1 2 7 , 1 5 6
.

G os s , L . A . 185 1 7 1, 1 8 0 , 221 , 224 , 2 57 , 2 59 , 2 9 1

G ra t ef u l (T he ) An i ma l s 72 J a in s 2 , 9 2 , 1 6 8 , 3 8 1 , 3 89

G ra t e fu l b e a st s 7 8, 12 0 J a m b u k a , dog 3 0 9 ; pa rrot 41 1
G f l (T he ) E l epha n t 1 3 4
ra t e u v
J a pa n e s e a ri a n t s 1 7 6 , 2 6 5
Gra t efu l ( T he ) M ous e 1 18 J a ra , h un t s ma n 3 24
Gra t efu l ( The ) P a rrot 29 1 J a son an d t he H e ro s
’
Ta sk s 1
Gre a t ( T he ) D re a ms 7 8 J at a k a ma l a 9, 2 24 , 22 9 , 28 3 , 3 89 , 3 9 4,
G re a t Ki n g G oodn e ss 52 409
G re e dy (T he ) J a k a l c c a ug ht 1 28 J a y a mpa t i , prin e 4 3 7 c
G riffis , J a pa n e s e F a i ry Worl d 1 7 6 h
J ose p a n d P ot i p a r s w ife
’
h 3 36
G rimm s T a l e s
’
1 0 2 , 1 55, 1 6 4 , 2 1 0, 2 18 , J u da s ( The ) T re e 1 96
373 De u t s ch e My t h ol og i e 2 29 on B e in J u dg me n t s (T he ) of Ki n g M i rror fa ce -
1 98
h a rt Fu ch s 3 57 J u l g , M on g . Marc hen 459
G run we de l , B u dd i s t Art in I n di a h 5 J u li e n , C on t e s e t a pol og u e s i n di e n s 3 4 3 6 ,,

G u ilty ( The ) D og s 26 1 2 2 , 1 8 0 , 2 1 5, 24 7 , 2 6 5 , 2 6 9 , 2 7 9 , 3 5 7 ,
48 1
H an d, s pre a d, t o a v e rt vi l y 1 53
e e e

H a rdy , M a n u a l of B u s ddh i m 1 49 34 6 ,
Kal a ka ,
c a pt a i n 1 83
H a re i n t he m oon 2 5 2 2 9 , 3 2 1 , Ka l a m a t t iy a g ob li n 3 18
,

H a re (T he ) S e lf sa crifice Kal a se n a ,
’
s -
225 k in g o f Ay Ot a 318
H a rl e y , Moon L ore 2 29 Klvla e a a 1 34
H a rt l a n d, E . S c
S ie n c e of F a iry Ta l e s K al i c , ou rt e s a n 35 1
2 19 Ka l il a h a n d Di mn a h 1 0, 1 5 , 3 4, 3 9 , 7 8 , 9 2 ,
H a u g ht y ( T he ) S l a ve 39 1 08 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9 , 1 45 , 1 8 0 , 2 1 5 , 2 40 , 2 4 5,
H a u s ra t h 3 2 , 3 6 , 1 41 , 1 56 , 2 57 24 7 , 2 5 0, 2 5 7 , 3 57 , 4 2 7
H a w ks ( The ) a nd t he i r F ri e n ds 3 57 K al i n g a , ki n g an d k in g dom 3 43
 INDEX
Kma sa , k in g 3 1 4, 32 5 M a g i c ( T he ) T re a s u re s 1 49
K h an a , n a me of G ha t a pa n di t a 321 h h
Ma a b a ra t a 9 , 1 7 2 5, 3 4 4 5 1 1 1 , 1 1 6 , , ,

Ka n ha di pa y a n a , s a g e 3 1 9 , 32 2 1 3 4 , 2 40 , 2 45 , 2 9 3 , 38 1 , 38 9
Ka nn a mu n da l a k e 1 53 Ma hapin g a l a k in g 1 9 1 ,

Ka ra n da vy fiha 1 66 Ma ha s ag a ra 3 1 5
Ka t ha s a rit s ag a ra , se e S oma de va Ma ha su b ha dda e l e p a n t 3 9 7 ,
h
Ki n g (The ) a n d t he F ru i t g i rl 2 2 1 - Ma hau mma g g a ja t a k a 7 , 2 1 0 2 7 7 459 -
, ,

Ki n g (T he ) a n d t he S t i k g a t he re r 1 6 c -
Ma hav a s t u 1 49 1 7 6 ,

Ki n g, ch os e n b y fe s t a l ca r 418 ; of b irds Ma hos a dha , s a g e 4 59

an q u a dru pe ds 3 0 ; of s e s 3 0 , 2 14
d of fih Ma it re y a 1 66
Ki n g (A ) fin ds hi s F ri e n d t hrou g h a S on g Ma jjhim a Ni k ay a 1 9
41 8 Ma k hade va k in g 1 8 ,

Ki n g M a k hdde v a ’
s g re y H a i rs 18 Ma n g o t ric k 3 7 2
-

Ki n g S i v i 3 8 1 Ma n oja l ion 2 65
,

Ki n g ’
s (A) l if e s a ve d b y S pe l l s 2 40 Ma rc o P 0 10 3 7 2
Kl u g e (Die ) Dirn e 4 80 Ma ri e de Fra n c e 2 2 1
K i h l g d 2 1 3 32 5
rs na e en ,
Ma rt i n (S t ) of Tou rs 1 8 5
K d l i i m y h b i d 41 1
un a n , a na r h
M at a l i, c a riot e e r of S a k k a 2 56
K pi c
u sa 43 1 ,
rn e h
Ma t u ra 1 6 7
May a vi ja c k a l 2 6 7
,

L a F on t a in e 9 , 1 7 1 , 2 69 Me l a ma t a g oa t 3 06 ,

L a kk ha n a , b rot h e r of R am a 3 25 Me s sa g e s e n t on a n a rrow 1 49 ; c a rrie d b y

L a n g, A . 1 , 1 9 1 , 4 59 b irds 24 3
L a n gu a g e (T he ) o f A n ima l s 2 59 Me y e r J J H i n du T a l e s 1 6 8 3 89
, . .
,

L e s sin
g , Fab l e s 22 1 h
Mi dra s R a b b a 7 3 0 ,

L e u ma n n 3 8 1 Mi kl osich Mu n da rt e n de r Z ig e u n e r 2 1 8
,

L evi S , . 330 Milin da q u e s t ion s of 3 4 6 38 9

, ,

L i b c ht
e re ,
Z u r Vol k s k u n de 2 65 Mira cl e s fou r in t i s e ra 2 5 ; w e n
, h h
L i on (The ) a n d t he B u l l 2 45 v
u n i e rsa l m on a rc a ppe a rs 3 46 h
L i on (The ) i n b a d Compa n y 2 6 5 Mit hil a 3 68
L i t t l e (T he ) G i l dma s t e r 13 Mog g a l l a n a 2 89
L oq u a c i ou s (T he ) B ra hmi n 1 09 M on g oos e (T he ) a n d t he S n a k e 14 1
L os t (The ) C ha rm 33 7 M on k e y s ( The ) a n d t he Og re 2 3 ,

L os t (A) Fri e n d fou n d b y a S on g 373 M on k e y s (T he ) he roi c S e lf s a crifice 2 7 9

’
-

L ciu an 1 56 Morris R , D e a t s Me s se n g e rs 1 9
, . h ’

L cku , in sn e e zi n g 1 12 ; s pre a d b an d 1 53 ; Mu n l k a pi g 2 9 ,

t hin g s g n a we d b y mi c e u n lu ck y 1 8 0 ; in Mu t t hi k a (Mu s t ik a ) wre s t l e r 3 1 7 ,

e a t in g
’
o k s fles c c h 2 16 ; of E de n h all

2 1 9 ; of s w ords 1 12 ; b a d t o s e e a C a n N ag a is l a n d 1 6 5 , 250
dal a 3 7 4 ; b ird of ill o m e n 1 7 2 ; l u k y c N ag a s, sa c i fic
r e to 1 2 6, 1 69 ; a ssu me
c c
on ju n t ion of pl a n e t s 4 7 , 3 4 1 , 3 49 , 35 7 di ffe re n t s h a pe s 2 59 ; n a g a -
re a l m 335
pl a e for c a b u il din g 1 9 8 , 3 70 . S ee a l so Na l a k a pan a , R e e d w a t e r 23
-

h
C a rms Na l a k a ra 3 66
L u ky c ( T he ) S n e e z e 112 N a mn oi, s l a in b y I n dra 48 1
N an da , sl a v 3 9 ; c wh d
e o er 32 5
Ma dda ki n g of M a dda 4 3 4
, N an da , b ra h mi d gh t n s
’
au er 117
Ma gi c c irc l e 1 1 3 ; ra z or a x e , dru m , mil k -
Na n da g opa 3 1 5
b owl 1 50 ; g e m 1 50 ; t re a su re s 2 69 ; Na n da mfil a a e c v 41 9
c it y 3 18 ; h ors e 1 66 N a n da ha 1 86
 4 86 INDEX
Na n da v a t i , b ra min h ’
s h
da u g t e r 11 7 P ra dy u mn a 3 25
Na d ra a an d Sivi 13 4 P ra y e r in pre i ou s v ex i st e n c e fi
fu l l l e d 3 18 ,
N imi kin g , ,
i n pu ra n a s 19 3 2 4, 40 1 , 43 9
Ni n e t e e n ( The ) P rob l e ms 4 59 P ri e s t ( T he ) i n H o rse t ra ppi n g s -
1 56
P ri n c e F i v e we a pon s 59
O C on n or, Fol k t a l e s fro m T i b e t 176 P ri n c (The ) w ho c ou ld n ot l a u
g h 3 63
’
e

O kk a k a , k in g 42 7 P ri n c e
’
s
(The ) Wooin g a n d t he Thron e of
Ok n os 8 4 t he B u ddhas 3 43
Ol de n b e rg , H . 1 78 P rob l e ms , see Q u e st i on s
O l de s t ( T he ) of t he An i ma l s 3 4 P rogn os t i c
g ift of 2 40 a t ion ,

Orde a l of fire 69 P rompt u a riu m E x e mpl oru m 2 2 1

( T he ) a n d t he J a c k a l
Ot t e rs 26 7 P ut ima msa , ja c k a l 3 06
O wl ( The ) a s K i n g 2 13
Q ua i l s ( The ) Fri e n ds 2 47
’

P a b ha v a t i , prin c e ss 43 4 Q ue e n S uss ondi 2 50

cc
P a e k a B u dd a h 1 9 0 , 3 66 , 3 9 8 , 40 1 , 4 1 9 Q u e s t ion s a n s we re d b y Adasa mu k ha
,
200 ;
P a du ma , prin e 1 58 , 33 1 c by t he t h re e wi s e b irds 412 ff by
P a ge n s t e che r, R ros u n d P s y E ch e 4 59 Ma hos a dha 459 fi .

P a jju n a 3 1 6 , 3 2 5
P a l l a s, P . S , .e i se R
22 9 Ra b e l a is 2 6 5
P a fica ja n a , de mon s l a i n b y Kih
r s na 2 13 R adh a , pa rro t 16 7
P a fica s ik ha , g a n d a r a 2 56 h v Ra h u 62
Pa n ch
a t a n t ra 2 , 9 , 2 5 , 3 4 , 3 9 , 41 , 45, 78 , R a ja g a ha , c it y 2 9 0 , 4 18
9 2 , 1 0 8 , 1 1 1 , 11 6 , 1 18 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9 , 130 , Ra ma and S i td 3 25
1 4 1 , 1 42 , 14 3 , 1 56 , 1 5 8 , 1 6 2 , 1 64 , 1 7 3 , R a m ay an a 3 6 , 7 1 ; B u dd i s t h v e rsi on of 330
1 7 6, 1 80 , 1 8 2 , 2 1 5 , 2 2 9 , 2 3 0 , 2 45, 2 47 , R a s h ( T he ) M a g i i a n c 129
2 50 , 2 57 , 2 69 , 2 79 , 3 09 , 3 5 7, 3 89 ; K h as h
Re in a rt F u s 357 ch
miria n o rig in 1 56 ; P a l a i e rs ion h v v 9 Riddl e s 480
P a n du k a nn a 3 72 Rin g as t ok e n 1 6 , 3 45
P a n t he r (T he ) a nd t he G oa t 2 89 Ri t son , F a i ry T a l e s 2 19
Pa ra n t a pa , sl a v e 2 85 R ob b e rs ( T he ) a nd t he Tre a s u re 47
P a se n a di , k in g 9 2 , 2 23 R ob e rt of N or ma n dy 7 2
P at a l a , m u s i ia n 2 9 9 c Rohi ne y y a , c ou rt ie r 3 20
P a u sa n ia s 8 4 , 3 44 Ro u s e , W . H D . . 1 3 4, 1 53 , 1 85, 2 1 2 , 3 3 7 ,
P e a co k c ’
s ( T he ) Wooi n g 30 3 42 , 3 44 , 349
P e n n y w is e -

(The ) M on ke y 1 44 Ru b a k a , prie s t 1 56
c
P e rfe t ion s , t en 24 , 2 7 ; a t t a in me n t of

t ru t h 388 S a b b a dat ha , ja k a l 1 9 4 c
P e rsia , re l a t ion s w it hI n dia and G cre e e 6 if . S a b b a mi t t a , k in g 3 9 1
Pet (T he ) E l epha nt 1 40 Sa c ific
r es 7 9 , 8 7 , 1 69 , 3 6 6 ; a t mon k e y s
’

Ph a e dra an d H ipp l y t o us 336 t omb 283 ; fe a s t for t he dea d 2 0 ; t o

Ph a e dru s 3 9 , 1 80, 22 0 , 22 4 , 2 57 , 2 9 1 n ag a s 1 2 6 , 1 6 9 ; t o m ou n t a in s piri t 1 6 1 ;
P ig e on ( The ) an d t he C row 41 t o t re e s pirit 2 08 ; t o y a kk ha s 6 3 , 1 6 9 ;
P in g a l a , ou rt e sa n c 2 39 to s piri t s of a city 349 ; h u ma n 3 49
P is che l 3 5 7 .
S ag a l a , c it y 435
Pl a t o 1 56 , 1 7 6 , 4 8 0 S a g a ra , son of Ma ha saga ra 3 15
P ol y g n ot u s , pa i n t in g b y 84 Sa ge an d F0 0 1 (Dsa n l u n , -
ed . S c hmidt )
h
P ot ip a r s wife 33 6
’
3 89 , 45 9
P ot t ha pad a 1 67 S a g g a , min st re l 25 1
 488 I NDEX
Ug l y ( The ) B ri de g room 4 2 7 Vish nu , see Kih rs na

U hl an d, L cku of Ed h en a ll 2 19 Vi h
s nu P u ran a 19 , 2 1 3 , 3 25
Ujje n i , c it y 3 73 Vi ss a k a mm a 37 1
Un a s k e d for A dv i
-
c e 2 29 Vi t ry , J a q u e s de , c E x e mpl a 3 14
( T he ) S on 3 09
Un g ra t efu l Vol su n g a S a g a 59
v
U n i e rsa l mon a rc 3 46 h
U pa sag a ra s on of Ma ha s ag a ra
,
We il B ib l ic a l L e g e n ds 4 80
,

U pa k a m sa 314 We rn e r A Ta r b a b y S t ory 6 3
, .
,
-

Wh e e l we a pon of Va su de va (Vis h n u )
, , 3 18
Va l aha h ors e 1 6 4 , 1 6 6 , 34 6 319 ; of E mpi re 3 46
Va l i a n t ( The ) D wa rf 99 Whi t e (The ) s i x t u s k e d E lepha n t 3 9 5 -

Va l u e (T he ) f
o a B rot he r 7 0 Wic k e d ( T he ) S t ep mot her 3 3 1 -

V a ru n a , a s eti c c 3 90 Wi s e (T he ) G oa t a n d t he J a c k a l 3 0 6
Va ru n a de v a 316 Wi s hi n g cup ( The ) 2 1 8
-

Va s it t ha k a 3 09 Wi sh in g je we l t o t ra c e foot s t e ps in
-
, t he
Va su de v a , an c e s t or o f Kih
r s na 3 20 a ir 2 96
d v
Va su e a , e l de s t of t he t e n sl a v e -
b re t h re n Wolf s (T he ) S a b b a t h 2 2 0
’

3 16 , 3 2 0 , 3 2 5 ; se e Kih r s na Woodpe ck e r (T he ) a n d t he L i on 2 23
Ve da b b ha ch ar m 47 Woodpe c ke r ( T he ) Tort oi se a n d An te l ope , ,

Ve da s 2 1 , 3 37 ; t h ree 20 , 1 9 3 , 19 8, 171
2 40
Ve n i , j ck
a al 3 06 Ya k k ha s e at h u ma n fl e s h 56, 1 6 5, 2 94 ,
Ve pu l l a j e we l 3 46 464 ; h ors e -
fa c d 294 ; ch g
e an e t h e ir

Ve s sa n t a ra , ow l 4 10 s h a pe 1 64 ; sa c ific t 6 3 1 69
r es o ,

Ve s s a v a n a , k i n g of y a k k ha s 2 9 4 ; m a n go Ya sa pan i , k in g 1 83
of 372 Ya soda 3 25
Ve t al a pa fica v im sa t ik a 9 , 2 2 , 1 30 , 1 6 9 Ya v a ma jjha k a , v il l a ge 4 60 ii .

Vm a y a 3 6 , 1 43
Vi ra k a , c row 1 69 Z e n ob iu s 3 5 7
Vi sak ha 4 80

C AM B R I D G E : P RI N TE D BY J . B . P E AC E , M A
. .
, AT THE U N I VE RS I T Y P RE S S .