Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giao Trinh Noi Bo Reading Level 3 - Cap Nhat
Giao Trinh Noi Bo Reading Level 3 - Cap Nhat
ĐàNẵng, 2015
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
CHAPTER 1: GRAMMAR
Lesson 1: Functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds 6
Lesson 2:Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives
Followed by a To-infinitive – Common verbs followed by a 11
Gerund
Lesson 3: Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund -
15
Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
Lesson 4: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (1) 19
Lesson 5: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (2) 25
CHAPTER 2: VOCABULARY
Lesson 6: Comparison of Equality 31
Lesson 7: Comparatives 33
Lesson 8: Superlatives 36
Lesson 9: Other Structures of Comparison 39
Lesson 10: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions 42
REFERENCES 83
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INTRODUCTION TO TOEIC 4 SKILLS TEST
3
200 min. test duration plus a break of 30 min. between Listening & Reading, Speaking
& Writing
Results
• Score reports for Listening & Reading and Speaking & Writing
• Individual analysis of strengths and weaknesses
• Correlation table with CEFR* mapping and Can-Do-Statements
• Certificate for all four skills (optional)
• Score evaluation within 15 business days, excl. postal time
4
5
LESSON 1
FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
I. FUNCTIONS OF A TO-INFINITIVE
❶To-infinitive as a Noun
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. To succeed in finding a job is not easy.
Function: __________________
2. The manager encouraged the employees to work hard.
Function: __________________
3. My dream is to work for the HD Corporation.
Function: __________________
4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants.
Function: __________________
5. They need to solve the problem now.
Function: __________________
6. Jean helped me to complete the report.
Function: __________________
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❷To-infinitive as an Adjective / Adverb
To-infinitive as an Adjective
A to-infinitive can follow a noun and functions as an adjective modifying that noun.
He has a lot of work to do.
Ms. Smith has a business call to make.
To-infinitive as an Adverb
A to-infinitive can function as an adverb and expresses a purpose / reason, a judgment,
or a result.
Expressing a purpose/reason To pass the bar exam, Steve studied hard.
Expressing a judgment The owner must be stupid to say such a thing.
Expressing a result The boss advised her only to offend her.
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago.
Function: _____________________
2. He exercises regularly to keep in shape.
Function: _____________________
3. The first thing to do is to have a meeting with the staff.
Function: _____________________
4. I am so glad to hear the news.
Function: _____________________
5. It is hard to find a place to park at this hour.
Function: _____________________
6. The company downsized the workforce only to decrease its productivity.
Function: _____________________
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A. heard B. hear C. hearing D. to hear
II. FUNCTIONS OF A GERUND
A gerund is formed by adding the suffix –ing to a bare infinitive. It can function as a
subject, an object, or a complement in a sentence.
❶Gerund as a subject
Working overtime is sometimes unnecessary.
Speaking English well will help you get a good job.
❷Gerund as an object
All of the employees enjoyed participating in the seminar. (Object of the verb enjoy)
Thank you for answering my question. (Object of the preposition for)
Gerund as a complement
His concerns is expanding his business quickly.
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence then
point out its function in the sentence.
1. They suggested (get/getting) a new office. ____________
2. (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun. ____________
3. (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money. _____________
4. You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel. ______________
5. (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected. ________
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A. get B. to get C. getting D. gotten
PRACTICE
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8. Every company has an obligation ____adj______ its workers with a safe and
healthy work atmosphere.
A. provide B. provides C. provision D. to provide
9. The meeting’s purpose is __________ improvements in employee benefits.
A. discuss B. will discuss C. discussion D. to discuss
10. Competitiveness is maintained by __________ the skills of the employees.
A. upgrading B. upgrades C. to upgrade D. upgraded
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LESSON 2
COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY
A TO-INFINITIVE
COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
Consumers have the right to ask for a refund if the product is defective or of low
quality.
3. Common adjectives followed by a to-infinitive
You will be able to purchase our goods and services online within a month.
II. COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
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Verbs following some typical verbs below must always be in the form of a gerund.
These gerunds functions as the object of the verbs.
A. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. (sign) The CEO agreed ______to sign__________ the contract.
2. (review) You can take your time _____to review________ the checklists.
3. (increase) The interest rates are likely ______to increase__________ in the first
quarter.
4. (relocate) The corporation wishes ____to relocate_______ outside New York.
5. (lower) The manager promised _____to lower_______ the sales quotas for new
dealers.
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PRACTICE
A. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. Profits are expected (to double / doubling) in the next quarter.
2. Those interested in (apply / applying) for the job position should send their résumé.
3. In order to (maintain / maintaining) the air purifying system, we hired another
mechanic.
4. I enjoyed (to talk / talking) with many representatives from overseas branches.
5. You are strongly advised (to purchase / purchasing) medical insurance before
travelling overseas.
6. They are considering (to offer / offering) a special discount for the upcoming season.
7. We asked our reception staff (to check / checking) the registration list very carefully.
8. I wish (to get / getting) a job at a stable company after graduating.
9. Museum visitors are not permitted (to take / taking) photographs inside the building.
10. They postponed (to open / opening) a new branch in San Diego.
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6. We are now considering _________ a better maintenance system to increase
productivity.
A. to develop B. develop C. developed D. developing
7. They finished the research but failed ____________ the results.
A. reporting B. to report C. report D. for reporting
8. The company made every effort __________ customer satisfaction.
A. boost B. boosting C. to boost D. for boosting
9. The marketing manager suggested __________ the logo to enhance the image of the
company.
A. change B. changing C. to change D. of changing
10. Toby Electronics requests that customers postpone __________ GXT 250 laptops
until the technical issues are resolved.
A. purchase B. purchased C. purchasing D. to purchase
Date: August 10
Subject: Employee Awards Night
We have scheduled the ceremony ___________ awards to the company’s employees of the
11. A. present B. presents
C. to present D. presented
year for August 18. There will be a rehearsal on August 16, so please suggest Jane Williams
and Ryan Monk ____________ to the second-floor conference hall 5:00 p.m. My secretary
12. A. to reporting B. to report
C. reporting D. report
plans ___________ out the invitations to the employees and their families soon.
13. A. to mail B. mailed
C. is mailing D. mail
Below are some common expressions followed by a gerund, which are useful not only
in the TOEIC test but also in daily life.
have difficulty V-ing can’t help V-ing
be busy V-ing can’t stand V-ing
spend (time/money) V-ing look forward to V-ing
there is no use V-ing be good/bad at V-ing
be worth V-ing be devoted to V-ing
feel like V-ing be used to V-ing
with a view to V-ing be accustomed to V-ing
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2. Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
They started to work on the project. / They started working on the project.
Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings changed
Gerund To-infinitive
remember An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
forget An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
Give up/quit what one is doing/what
stop Make a break/pause in order to do sth
one does
try Experimenting Making an effort
regret An action that was done in the past An action that going to be informed
A. Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the underlined
parts.
1. Don’t forget to submit the application form. _________________________
2. I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they called
me.___________________________
3. I do not regret working at this company. ___________________________
4. We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review.
___________________________________
5. We all try to get the best results.___ __________________________
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Please remember ____________ all the windows before you leave the office.
A. close B. closing C. closed D. to close
2. I do not regret ___________ my previous job, and I am pleased with my current one.
A. quit B. quitting C. to quit D. to quitting
PRACTICE
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1. ____________ the restaurant will attract more customers.
A. Renovation B. Renovating C. Renovated D. To renovating
2. The newly hired secretary is good at ___________.
A. organizing B. to organize C. organize D. organization
3. The president suggested _____________ a new staff lounge to better serve the
employees.
A. to build B. build C. built D. building
4. We would like to thank you for ____________ in our annual conference.
A. participate B. participating C. to participating D. participated
5. Mr. Carter has had difficulty ___________ experienced research specialists since last
month.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
6. Because of the bad economic situation, we could not help _____________ our New
York branch.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
7. You can simply book your ticket by _____________ our website or dropping by one
of our stores.
A. visits B visiting C. visit D. to visit
8. We regret _____________ you that your application has been rejected.
A. to tell B. told C. telling D. tells
9. They stopped ____________ the old model in order to promote a newly released
one.
A. to sell B. selling C. sold D. sell
10. ____________ the number of security guards will hopefully reduce the chance of
thefts.
A Increase B. Increasing C. Increased D. To increasing
11. Atlantis Co. strictly prohibits its employees from _________ an office phone for
personal reasons.
A. use B. to use C. used D. using
12. The company has considered ______________ its branch to Boston for the past few
weeks.
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A. relocation B. to relocate C. relocating D. relocated
13. Do not forget ___________ the application form before submitting it to Ms.
Radowich at the front desk.
A. signing B. to sign C. sign D. signed
14. Ms. Wrigley has decided to stop ____________ applicants because she has found a
well-qualified person.
A. interview B. interviewed C. to interview D. interviewing
15. If you wish to exchange for size or color, please return it it us within 30 days of
__________ your order.
A. receipt B. received C. receiving D. receive
16. __________ various information regarding computer skill not only offline but also
online is part of our business.
A. Provide B. Providing C. Provided D. Provides
17. The secretary was busy ____________ calls to the customers who have cancelled
their orders.
A. make B. to make C. making D. to making
18. We could not afford _________ a new copying machine because it was quite
expensive.
A. buying B. to buying C. buy D. to buy
Questions 19 - 20 refer to the following letter.
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19
20
21
22
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I:C 2D 3D 4B 5D 6C 7B 8A 9C 10B 11A 12D 13A 14A 15A
II: 1B 2B 3A 4A 5A 6C 7B 8C 9D 10B 11B 12A
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LESSON 5
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC QUESTIONS (2)
Part 5: Select the best answer that completes each sentence.
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27
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Questions 7 through 10 refers to the followng letter.
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LESSON 6
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY
❶ The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal
in quantity or characteristics. The structure is as + adjective / adverbs + as.
The new machine is as expensive as the old one.
The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.
Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can.
Notes: not as / so …. as … is used to express that one person or thing is not
equal to the other.
My report is not as / so comprehensive as yours.
Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+noun) + as.
Nelly has the same dress as I do.
Nelly’s dress is the same as mine.
Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality
are nearly, almost, just.
The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.
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A. Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence.
1. The new printer is as (effective / effectively) as the old one.
2. His suggestion was as (creatively / creative) as mine.(my suggestion)
3. They are as (qualified / qualify) as Mr. Armstrong for this work.
4. The plan is going as (smooth / smoothly) as we thought.
5. Mr. Thomson entered the meeting room as (quiet / quietly) as he could.
6. Please deal with these customer complaints as (fastly / fast) as you can.
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. You should hand in the sales report to the boss as _________ as possible.
A. quick B. quickly C. quicker D. quickest
2. This year’s salary increase is as __________ as that of last year.
A. largely B. larger C. largest D. large
3. The upgraded computers run as __________ as the new ones.
A. efficiently B. more efficiently C. efficient D. efficiency
4. Studies have proven that laborers work twice _________ hours on average as
skilled professionals in any field.
A. as much B. more C. as many D. more than
5. In order to serve you best, we ask that you take the time to fill our questionnaire
in ________ detail as possible.
A. as B. more C. as much D. as many
6. At this firm, young, motivated candidates who show enthusiasm have
_________ value as experienced professionals.
A. a lot B. also C. as much D. as many
7. Piles of old newspapers must be stacked and tied as _________ as possible
before being loaded into the truck and brought to the plant.
A. tight B. tighter C. tightly D. tightest
8. All persons who wish to register for the Skills in Marketing Workshop must
sign up at the main office ___________ possible.
A. as soon as B. as long as C. as much as D. as many as
9. You can take ___________ booklets as you need.
A. as much as B. as many as C. as many D. a lot of
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10. He speaks English ___________ Elaine.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as much as D. as many as
LESSON 7
COMPARATIVES
Comparative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to say that two things are different
in quality or quantity.
❶Form
1. Regular comparatives
...-er more...
fast – faster (1 syllable) difficult – more difficult (more than 2 syllables)
busy – busier (2 syllable adjective carefully – more carefully (more than 2
ending in –y) syllables)
2. Irregular comparatives
good / well – better bad / ill – worse far – farther / further
many / much – more little - less
❷Meaning
To say that two people or things are unequal in a particular way.
Public transportation is safer than driving.
Rachel works better than most of her co-workers.
The new building is more beautiful than the old one.
Dennis examined the proposal more carefully than his supervisor.
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Sales were higher than expected.
The components arrived earlier than scheduled.
Production was higher than anticipated.
A. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. Suburban residents would benefit from (cheaper / more cheap) transportation.
2. The demand for our new vehicle is (much / more ) bigger than we had expected.
3. The (quiet / quieter ) the engine is , the more passengers feel comfortable while
traveling.
4. Data processing has become (much / so) faster than ever before.
5. Tommy has (good / better) qualifications than the other applicants.
6. Credit cards are issued more (easier / easily) now than in the past.
7. Using two chemicals together produces much (strong / stronger) results than
using one of them.
8. The larger a company is, (less / the less) satisfied its employees.
9. Please complete the budget report no later (than / as) September 24.
10. The dinner at the restaurant was (more / most) delicious than anticipated.
B. Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective
or adverb given in brackets.
1. (high) The cost was ____higher than______ they had said.
2. (soon) The meeting finished _____sooner____ than we had though it would.
3. (carefully) You should review the report ___more carefully_______.
4. (greatly) The exports increased ___more greatly__ than we had expected.
5. (fast) The oil prices are going to increase __faster than_______ now.
6. (much, serious) The traffic jam is _much serious than________ before.
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A. Longer B. Longest C. The long D. The longer
3. Sending the memos by fax is far ___________ than attempting to deliver them
by express mail.
A. quickest B. quickly C. quicker D. quick
4. The productivity of the factory became ________ than before.
A. low B. much low C. lower D. as lower
5. The usage of the device was ________ more difficult than I had thought.
A. a lot B. very C. many D. so
6. Knowledge is acquired __________ by experience than by books or other
materials.
A. more easy B. easier C. easiest D. more easily
7. Our new blender functions ___________ than any of our other competitors’
products that are on the market.
A. so efficiently B. as efficient C. more efficient D.more efficiently
8. Using the two substances together produces much _______ results than when
either one is used alone.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. strongly
9. Fun Films expects $20 million in ticket sales and _________ more from
licensing to foreign distributors.
A. all B. ever C. very D. even
10. Designing the bridge connecting the two regions was ________ than they had
thought it would be.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. more difficult D. much difficult
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LESSON 8
SUPERLATIVES
Superlative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to single out one thing as having a
unique quality. They compare three or more people or things.
❶Form
1. Regular superlatives
....-est the most …
fast – fastest (1 syllable) difficult – the most difficult (more than 2
busy – busiest (2 syllable adjective syllables)
ending in –y) diligently – the most diligently (more
than 2 syllables)
2. Irregular superlatives
good / well – better – the best bad / ill – worse – the worst
far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest many / much – more – the most
little – less – the least
❷Meaning& Use
Used to pick out one person or things as having a unique quality
She earns the most at her company.
Mary seems the most successful of all the applicants / of all.
He is the most intelligent guy I’ve ever met.
Spring Park is the closest park in this area.
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A. wider B. more widely C. most widely D. widest
9. Bringing all of the brochure and website information up to date is the
__________ task the office team has ever faced.
A. challenged B. challenging
C. most challenged D. most challenging
10. In determining whether to close a bank branch, the impact on the majority of
community members is the __________ important factor.
A. very B. most C. much D. mostly
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LESSON 9
OTHER STRUCTURES OF COMPARISON
The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied.
no later than The superior expects us to come in to work no later than 7:00.
no longer Mary no longer uses make-up.
no sooner … No sooner did Peter put the phone down than it rang again.
than
other than Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast
food.
rather than The demonstrator stood his ground rather than run away like
the others.
would rather … I would rather read a book at home than watch a movie at the
than theater.
❷The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace
the superlative form.
Comparative + than any other ….
This show is funnier than any other sitcoms on TV.
* This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.
Have + never / hardly / rarely + been + comparative
Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.
No other …. / nothing + as + adjective + as
No other … / nothing + comparative + than
No other sitcom is as funny as this show.
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When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.
A. Decide which of the choices A, B, C or D best completes the sentence.
1. Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its receipt
___________ one week after the date of purchase.
A. no more than B. no later than C. no later as D. no more as
2. I would rather make the reservation now _________ risk not getting a ticket
down the road.
A. than B. else C. whereas D. rather
3. Garson’s Manufacturing boasts in its advertisement that it can produce steel robs
_________ than any other producer in the business.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
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C. Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is
correct, write “correct”; if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a)
correction(s).
11. The nearer you live to a major transportation facility, more costly your home will
be. ______________
12. Although the building had been remodeled, the windows were the same style to the
previous ones. ______________
13. Martha is the most talented designer that I have ever encountered. ______________
14. Buying commodities in bulk is more economically than making several trips to get
the same item. ______________
15. The turnout for the grand opening was even greater when anticipated. ___________
16. Please bring as much samples as you can to the interview. _____________
17. The number of people interested in world affairs is much high than it was three
years ago. _____________
18. Since you are on the waiting list, you need to wait at the least a week to place an
order. __________
19. The more information we have about you, the better prepared we are to meet your
needs. _____________
20. We would appreciate it if you turned in this file ten days from now at latest.
___________
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LESSON 10
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC ACTUAL QUESTIONS
PRACTICE 1
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PRACTICE 2
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LESSON 11
11
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The San Antonio Education Center is proud to announce that it will hold early-
childhood development classes for the community. The program is designed
to prepare young children to enter kindergarten with the necessary language
skills. The classes are partially subsidized by the City Council, which will
reduce the economic burden on low-income families. People who are
interested in signing their children up for a class should get a registration form
at the center’s main office.
9. For the community of San Antonia.
Bayside Aquarium
This pass allows the holder to use the Bayside Aquarium parking area for one
day. This pass should be displayed on the vehicle’s dashboard while in the
parking lot. Any vehicle not displaying a pass will be towed at the owner’s
expense. Please note that the parking area closes 45 minutes after the
museum closes, and all vehicles must be removed by that time. Also, all
passes must be given to the parking attendant upon leaving.
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Concord fax machine
Thank you for purchasing a Concord fax machine. Designed for use in a home-
office or small-business environment, this laser fax machine delivers superior
output at an affordable price. The Concord fax has 512 kilobytes of memory and
it can store up to thirty pages in memory. Also, the Concord fax makes it possible
to use a single phone line for both the telephone feature and faxing at the same
time. Transmission is about three seconds per page.
To fax, make sure you insert documents face down. The Concord fax accepts a
variety of paper sizes. Adjust the paper guides to fit the width of your document.
Enter the fax number. Then press “FAX Start” on the right corner of the
keyboard. The display shows you the status of the line. To make copies, enter
the number of copies you want (up to 99) using the dial pad and press “Copy”.
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LESSON 12
12
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On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Department of Literature, the
Dean of St. Sebastian University’s Faculty of Humanities requests the
pleasure of your company at a reception for alumni and current students.
The event will be held on campus in the Grand Hall of the Margaret West
Building on June 4, from 6:30 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Formal attire is requested,
and light refreshments will be served. Please bring this invitation to the
reception.
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The Attorney’s Association of San Francisco
requests the pleasure of your company
at its first annual banquet
for a festive evening
to celebrate the vibrant attorney community
In San Francisco
Thursday, April 27
6:30 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
Pacific Ballroom
Lynch Hotel
Sixth & University Streets, San Francisco
Cost: $75 for attorneys and their guests; $40 for students
Reply to: Brenda Romero
bronero@attorneycom.com or 794-6108
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LESSON 13
13
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Item Name Quantity Unit Price Total
SCH-09 Table set for 30 $80 $2,400
2
MXT-15 Conference 1 $1,200 $1,200
table for 12
LC-109 Cabinet 3 $350 $1,050
Total: $4,650
Deposit: $850
Total amount due:
$3,800
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67
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This invoice is confirmation that your order for the following items has been
received:
- 10 boxes of Super Fine A4 paper ($10.50/box)
- 5 boxes of Black Gel pens ($6.95/box)
- 1 box of 3oz, paper cups ($3.00/box)
The total, including 10% sales tax, is $157.02. All orders of $100 and over are
exempt from shipping charges.
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Office Experts
200 Front Toronto, ON, M5J 1E3
(555) 458-1622
* The speakerphone you ordered is on back order. It will be sent out on January 27.
* Make all checks payable to Office Experts and send payment to the address above.
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LESSON 14
14
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Departure Flight
Date Departure Arrival
Time Number
September 4 Tokyo Osaka 2:00 p.m. JAL 740
September 9 Osaka New York 9:30 a.m. JAL 918
September 13 New York Seoul 7:00 p.m. KE 1027
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The 7th Annual Robotics Technology Convention will be held at the
Imperial Palace Hotel from February 2 to 9. The daily agenda for the
convention will include information sessions with individual companies
in the morning, followed by speeches by leaders in the robotics industry
in the afternoons. On the weekend, practical workshops will take place
for people interested in learning about special topics related to robots.
Please be aware that advance registration is required in order to
participate in the workshops.
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LESSON 15
15
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HSGA Communication Survey
Services
* Installation
Excellent Good Poor
Ease of rescheduling installation time √ √
Preparedness of staff (equipment and materials)
* Problems
Excellent Good Poor
Satisfaction with the problem’s resolution √
Timeliness of response to a complaint √
* Overall Satisfaction
Excellent Good Poor
Overall quality of Service √
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REFERENCES
1. Park HyeYeong&JeongJi Won (2012), ABC Toeic RC, NXB Tổnghợp TP HCM
&Côngty TNHH NhânTríViệt
2. David Cho (2012), Hackers TOEIC Start Reading, NXB Tổnghợp TP HCM
&Côngty TNHH NhânTríViệt
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