Howard

Gardner's
Multiple Intelligences
Gineza Tan Pacanza
 Howard Gardner
Born on July 11, 1943
American Cognitive Psychologist
Earned a Bachelor's Degree at
Harvard University (1965) and
Doctoral Degree in Developmental
Psychology (1971)
Professorship of Neurology at Boston University School of
Medicine (1984-2005) and a Professorhip of Education at
the Harvard Graduate School of Education (1986-1998)
Howard Gardner's
Multiple Intelligences Theory

Normal and Gifted Children

Brain-damaged Adults
Gardner began to develop the
theory designed to synthesize his
research and observations.
 What is the Theory About?
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that
people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.
This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one

single type of intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for general

intelligence, that only focuses on cognitive abilities.
To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced nine
different types of intelligences.
Multiple Intelligences
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
Mathematical Intelligence
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalistic Intelligence
Existential Intelligence
 Criticism
Criticism #1: MI Theory Lacks Empirical Support

Criticism #2: No Solid Research Supports the

Effectiveness of Using MI in the Classroom

Criticism #3: MI Theory Dumbs Down the Curriculum

to Make All Students Mistakenly Believe They Are
Smart
 Support
“intelligence is not a tangible object that can be measured”
1. Chen (2004) claimed that the 20th century debate over
scientific method showed that “the absolute objectivity of any
methodology is illusory”, therefore concern over the lack of
evidence for MI theory is mistaken.
2. Chen (2004) argued that because the MI are not
abilities butareinstead“biological potential with an emergent,
responsive, pluralistic nature” (p. 19), they can only be validated
with new measures that identify “the different facets” of each
intelligence as it functions over time.
 Support
3. MI theory profiles cognitive skills better than do IQ subtests. The current
standard for assessing variation in an individual’s cognitive skills is a battery of
valid and reliable fine-grained independent measures of specific aspects of
skills such as language, perception, memory, attention, and reasoning.
.
.4 MI theory has been validated by it's classroom applications. MI theory can
also be validatedby evaluating the results of applying the theory in a range of
educational settings”, and Gardner, too, asserted that the positive outcomes of
education methods based on MI can be viewed as empirical support.
 Application
Educators take into consideration the different types of
learners they might have in their class, reinforce all
types of intelligences in every student, and allow for an

will ultimately enable
individual learning process that
each learner to utilise his intelligence
The best way to layout a classroom to support multiple
intelligences is to have places in the room that works for
each type of intelligence.
 Reference:
Cherry. (2022, October 19). Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Verywell Mind.
Retrieved December 13, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/gardners-theory-of-
multiple-intelligences-2795161

Waterhouse. (2006, December). Multiple Intelligences, the Mozart Effect, and Emotional
Intelligence: A Critical Review. www.researchgate.net.com. Retrieved December 13,
2022,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255061722_Multiple_Intelligences_the_Mozart_Eff
ect_and_Emotional_Intelligence_A_Critical_Review

Kurt. (2021, April 29). Theory of Multiple Intelligences – Gardner. educationaltechnology.net. Retrieved
December 13, 2022, from https://educationaltechnology.net/theory-of-multiple-intelligences-gardner/

Marenus, & Mcleod. (2020, June 9). Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
www.simplypsychology.com. Retrieved December 13, 2022, from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/multipleintelligences.html#:~:text=To%20broaden%20this%20noti
on%20of,Interpersonal%2C%20Intrapersonal%2C%20and%20Naturalist
Thank You
So Much!