pH Al3+ + 3e = Al (e0=-1.662V) AL2O3 + 6H + 6e = Al + 3H2O (e0=-1.

55V)
0 -1.78
0.1 -1.78
0.2 -1.78
0.3 -1.78
0.4 -1.78
0.5 -1.78
0.6 -1.78
0.7 -1.78
0.8 -1.78
0.9 -1.78
1 -1.78
1.1 -1.78
1.2 -1.78
1.3 -1.78
1.4 -1.78
1.5 -1.78
1.6 -1.78
1.7 -1.78
1.8 -1.78
1.9 -1.78
2 -1.78
2.1 -1.78
2.2 -1.78
2.3 -1.78
2.4 -1.78
2.5 -1.78
2.6 -1.78
2.7 -1.78
2.8 -1.78
2.9 -1.78
3 -1.78
3.1 -1.78
3.2 -1.78
3.3 -1.78
3.4 -1.78
3.5 -1.78
3.6 -1.78
3.7 -1.78
3.8 -1.78
3.9 -1.78 -1.7801
4 -1.786
4.1 -1.7919
4.2 -1.7978
4.3 -1.8037
4.4 -1.8096
4.5 -1.8155
4.6 -1.8214
4.7 -1.8273
4.8 -1.8332
4.9 -1.8391
5 -1.845
5.1 -1.8509
5.2 -1.8568
5.3 -1.8627
5.4 -1.8686
5.5 -1.8745
5.6 -1.8804
5.7 -1.8863
5.8 -1.8922
5.9 -1.8981
6 -1.904
6.1 -1.9099
6.2 -1.9158
6.3 -1.9217
6.4 -1.9276
6.5 -1.9335
6.6 -1.9394
6.7 -1.9453
6.8 -1.9512
6.9 -1.9571
7 -1.963
7.1 -1.9689
7.2 -1.9748
7.3 -1.9807
7.4 -1.9866
7.5 -1.9925
7.6 -1.9984
7.7 -2.0043
7.8 -2.0102
7.9 -2.0161
8 -2.022
8.1 -2.0279
8.2 -2.0338
8.3 -2.0397
8.4 -2.0456
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
 9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
 14
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
16
AlO + 4H + 3e = Al + 2H2O (e0=-1.382) O2 + 4H+ + 4e = 2H2O (e0=1.23V) 2H+ + 2e = H2 (e0=0V)
1.23 0
1.2241 -0.0059
1.2182 -0.0118
1.2123 -0.0177
1.2064 -0.0236
1.2005 -0.0295
1.1946 -0.0354
1.1887 -0.0413
1.1828 -0.0472
1.1769 -0.0531
1.171 -0.059
1.1651 -0.0649
1.1592 -0.0708
1.1533 -0.0767
1.1474 -0.0826
1.1415 -0.0885
1.1356 -0.0944
1.1297 -0.1003
1.1238 -0.1062
1.1179 -0.1121
1.112 -0.118
1.1061 -0.1239
1.1002 -0.1298
1.0943 -0.1357
1.0884 -0.1416
1.0825 -0.1475
1.0766 -0.1534
1.0707 -0.1593
1.0648 -0.1652
1.0589 -0.1711
1.053 -0.177
1.0471 -0.1829
1.0412 -0.1888
1.0353 -0.1947
1.0294 -0.2006
1.0235 -0.2065
1.0176 -0.2124
1.0117 -0.2183
1.0058 -0.2242
0.9999 -0.2301
0.994 -0.236
0.9881 -0.2419
0.9822 -0.2478
0.9763 -0.2537
0.9704 -0.2596
0.9645 -0.2655
 0.9586 -0.2714
0.9527 -0.2773
0.9468 -0.2832
0.9409 -0.2891
0.935 -0.295
0.9291 -0.3009
0.9232 -0.3068
0.9173 -0.3127
0.9114 -0.3186
0.9055 -0.3245
0.8996 -0.3304
0.8937 -0.3363
0.8878 -0.3422
0.8819 -0.3481
0.876 -0.354
0.8701 -0.3599
0.8642 -0.3658
0.8583 -0.3717
0.8524 -0.3776
0.8465 -0.3835
0.8406 -0.3894
0.8347 -0.3953
0.8288 -0.4012
0.8229 -0.407099999999999
0.817000000000001 -0.412999999999999
0.811100000000001 -0.418899999999999
0.805200000000001 -0.424799999999999
0.799300000000001 -0.430699999999999
0.793400000000001 -0.436599999999999
0.787500000000001 -0.442499999999999
0.781600000000001 -0.448399999999999
0.775700000000001 -0.454299999999999
0.769800000000001 -0.460199999999999
0.763900000000001 -0.466099999999999
0.758000000000001 -0.471999999999999
0.752100000000001 -0.477899999999999
0.746200000000001 -0.483799999999999
0.740300000000001 -0.489699999999999
-2.0456 0.734400000000001 -0.495599999999999
-2.0535 0.728500000000001 -0.501499999999999
-2.0614 0.722600000000001 -0.507399999999999
-2.0693 0.716700000000001 -0.513299999999999
-2.0772 0.710800000000001 -0.519199999999999
-2.0851 0.704900000000001 -0.525099999999999
-2.093 0.699000000000001 -0.530999999999999
-2.1009 0.693100000000001 -0.536899999999999
-2.1088 0.687200000000001 -0.542799999999999
-2.1167 0.681300000000001 -0.548699999999999
-2.1246 0.675400000000001 -0.554599999999999
-2.1325 0.669500000000001 -0.560499999999999
-2.1404 0.663600000000001 -0.566399999999999
-2.1483 0.657700000000001 -0.572299999999999
-2.1562 0.651800000000001 -0.578199999999999
-2.1641 0.645900000000001 -0.584099999999999
-2.172 0.640000000000001 -0.589999999999999
-2.1799 0.634100000000001 -0.595899999999999
-2.1878 0.628200000000001 -0.601799999999999
-2.1957 0.622300000000001 -0.607699999999999
-2.2036 0.616400000000001 -0.613599999999999
-2.2115 0.610500000000001 -0.619499999999999
-2.2194 0.604600000000001 -0.625399999999999
-2.2273 0.598700000000001 -0.631299999999999
-2.2352 0.592800000000001 -0.637199999999999
-2.2431 0.586900000000001 -0.643099999999999
-2.251 0.581000000000001 -0.648999999999999
-2.2589 0.575100000000001 -0.654899999999999
-2.2668 0.569200000000001 -0.660799999999999
-2.2747 0.563300000000001 -0.666699999999999
-2.2826 0.557400000000001 -0.672599999999999
-2.2905 0.551500000000001 -0.678499999999999
-2.2984 0.545600000000001 -0.684399999999998
-2.3063 0.539700000000001 -0.690299999999998
-2.3142 0.533800000000001 -0.696199999999998
-2.3221 0.527900000000002 -0.702099999999998
-2.33 0.522000000000002 -0.707999999999998
-2.3379 0.516100000000002 -0.713899999999998
-2.3458 0.510200000000002 -0.719799999999998
-2.3537 0.504300000000002 -0.725699999999998
-2.3616 0.498400000000002 -0.731599999999998
-2.3695 0.492500000000002 -0.737499999999998
-2.3774 0.486600000000002 -0.743399999999998
-2.3853 0.480700000000002 -0.749299999999998
-2.3932 0.474800000000002 -0.755199999999998
-2.4011 0.468900000000002 -0.761099999999998
-2.409 0.463000000000002 -0.766999999999998
-2.4169 0.457100000000002 -0.772899999999998
-2.4248 0.451200000000002 -0.778799999999998
-2.4327 0.445300000000002 -0.784699999999998
-2.4406 0.439400000000002 -0.790599999999998
-2.4485 0.433500000000002 -0.796499999999998
-2.4564 0.427600000000002 -0.802399999999998
-2.4643 0.421700000000002 -0.808299999999998
-2.4722 0.415800000000002 -0.814199999999998
-2.4801 0.409900000000002 -0.820099999999998
 -2.488 0.404000000000002 -0.825999999999998
-2.4959 0.398100000000002 -0.831899999999998
-2.5038 0.392200000000002 -0.837799999999998
-2.5117 0.386300000000002 -0.843699999999998
-2.5196 0.380400000000002 -0.849599999999998
-2.5275 0.374500000000002 -0.855499999999998
-2.5354 0.368600000000002 -0.861399999999998
-2.5433 0.362700000000002 -0.867299999999998
-2.5512 0.356800000000002 -0.873199999999998
-2.5591 0.350900000000002 -0.879099999999998
-2.567 0.345000000000002 -0.884999999999998
-2.5749 0.339100000000002 -0.890899999999998
-2.5828 0.333200000000002 -0.896799999999998
-2.5907 0.327300000000002 -0.902699999999998
-2.5986 0.321400000000002 -0.908599999999998
-2.6065 0.315500000000002 -0.914499999999998
-2.6144 0.309600000000002 -0.920399999999998
-2.6223 0.303700000000002 -0.926299999999998
-2.6302 0.297800000000002 -0.932199999999998
-2.6381 0.291900000000002 -0.938099999999998
-2.646 0.286000000000002 -0.943999999999997
Al^3+ Al2O3 + H2O = 2AlO2- + 2H+
3.9 -1.8 8.4 -2.046
3.9 1.6 8.4 1.6

Pourbaix Diagram for Aluminum in Water [25

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1 𝑂_2+ 〖 4𝐻
〗 ^+
0.8 + 〖 4𝑒 〗
^−↔2𝐻_2 𝑂
0.6
0.4 Corrosion Passivation Corr
0.2
0
-0.2
〖 2𝐻 〗 ^+
E [V] vs S.H.E.

-0.4
+ 〖 2𝑒 〗 ^
-0.6 −↔ 𝐻_2
-0.8
-1
-1.2 〖𝐴𝑙〗 ^(3+ 〖𝐴𝑙〗 _2 𝑂_3 𝐴𝑙𝑂_
-1.4
) −)
-1.6
-1.8 〖 𝐴𝑙〗 ^(3+) 〖𝐴𝑙〗 _2 𝑂_3+ 〖 6𝐻
〗 ^+
-2 + 〖 3𝑒 〗 ^−↔𝐴𝑙 + 〖 6𝑒 〗 ^−↔2𝐴 〖 𝐴𝑙𝑂 〗
𝑙+ 〖 2𝐻 〗 _2 𝑂 _ 2^−+ 〖
-2.2
-2.4
𝐴𝑙 + 〖 3𝑒 〗
^−↔𝐴𝑙+
-2.6
-2.8 Immunity
-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

pH
or Aluminum in Water [25˚C]

Corrosion

_3 𝐴𝑙𝑂_2^(
−)

〖 𝐴𝑙𝑂 〗
_ 2^−+ 〖
+ 〖 3𝑒 〗 4𝐻 〗 ^+
^−↔𝐴𝑙+
〖 2𝐻 〗 _2 𝑂

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

pH