EX.

NO:3 PLANT POPULATION DENSITY

AIM:
To determine the population density of plants by quadrat method.
REQUIREMENTS:
Thread,nails,hammer,metre scale,paper,pencil
PROCEDURE:
 In the selected site of study, hammer the nails firmly without damaging the vegetation.
 Fix four nails to make a square.
 Tie each end of the nails using a thread, to make a 1 m X 1 m quadrat.
 Similarly make nine more quadrats randomly in the site of study.
 Count the number of individuals of a species “A” present in the first quadrat.
 Record the data in the table.
 Repeat the same procedure for species B,C and record the data in the table.
 We can calculate the density of plant population by this equation:
 Density =Total number of individuals of the species in all the sampling unit (S)
_______________________________________________________________
Total number of sampling units studied (Q)
OBSERVATION:
Total Number of
Number of individuals in Each Total Number of Density
Plant Species Quadrats Studied
quadrats Individuals (S) D=(S/Q)
(Q)

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

A-Amaranthus
2 0 5 7 10 0 0 0 0 3 27 10 2.7
hybridus

B-Tridax
1 0 4 0 8 0 3 0 0 2 20 10 2.0
procumbans

C-Passiflora
4 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 1 2 19 10 1.9
incarnata
The density value thus obtained is then expressed as number of individuals per unit area.
CONCLUSION:
The population density is the highest for species A and the lowest for species C. The
density value is expressed as the number of individuals per unit area.
PRECAUSTION:
 Count the individuals of one plant species at a time.
 Field chosen should have uniform distribution of species.
  Plant lying under the string should be considered in quadrat,if more than half of it lies
towards inside.

EX.NO:4 PLANT POPULATION FREQUENCY

AIM:
Our aim is to study plant population frequency by quadrat method.
REQUIREMENTS:
Thread,nails,hammer,metre scale,paper,pencil
PROCEDURE:
 In the selected site of study, hammer the nails firmly in the soil without damaging the
vegetation.
 Fix four nails to make a square.
 Tie each end of the nails using a thread, to make a 1 m X 1 m quadrat.
 Similarly, make nine more quadrats randomly in the site of study.
 Select the plant species for study of the population frequency.
 Observe the presence of species “A” in the first quadrat and mark it in the table.
 Similarly, check for the presence of species “A” in other quadrats respectively and
record the data in the table.
 Observe the presence of species “B” in all quadrats and mark it in the table.
 Repeat the same procedure for species C and record the data in the table.
 We can calculate the frequency of plant populations by this equation:
 Percentage Frequency=(Number of sampling units in which the species occurs)/(Total
number of sampling units employed for the study)*100
OBSERVATION:

Quadrats employed in the Number of quadrats in which Percentage Frequency

Plant Species
study the species is present (N) F=N/Q*100

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

A--Amaranthus
P P P P P 5 50%
hybridus

B-Passiflora
P 1 10%
incarnate

C-Tridax
P P P P 4 40%
procumbans
Frequency value indicates the number of times a plant species is present within a given number
of sample quadrats.
CONCLUSION:
The plant population frequency is the highest in species C and the least in species A. It
shows how many times a plant species is present in the provided number of sample quadrats.
PRECAUSTION:
 Measure the quadrat accurately.
 Quadtrats should be studied from one area only,with uniform distribution of plants.