armifwif{

awmifESpfvkH;Mum;u
NrdKUapmifeh wf

zGm;zGm;ajymonfhykHjyifrsm;wGif þykHjyifrSm uRefawmftESpfouftBudKqkH;yif jzpf

acsonf/ odkYaomf þykHjyifrSm wuJhtjzpftysufrSefudkjzifh uRefawmf BudKwifí od&Sdrdyg

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

onf/ odaYk Mumifyh if rod&&dS ao;aom aemifawmf-trawmfrsm;tm;wqifh azmufonfcs
&ygonf/
zGm;zGm;onf [dak &S;a&S;wke;f uqkNd yD; pwifí Zmwfvrf;qifNyD; ajymMum;onfrmS
tifrwefrQ em;axmifíaumif;vSygonf/
]][dka&S;a&S;wkef;}}u &Srf;jynfrSm usKdif;wkHqkdwJhNrdKUwpfNrdKU &SdowJ.h . . vluav;[k
tpcsDNyD; zGm;zGm;ajymygonf/ usKdif;wkH&JUreD;ra0;rSm a*gygvtrnf&SdwJhEGm;ausmif;om;
wa,muf&SdowJh. . . tJ'DEGm;ausmif;om;av;[m eHeufa0vDa0vif; tcsdefupNyD; &GmxJ
rSm&Swd EhJ mG ;awGukd jcHrv S w
T Nf yD; awmxJrmS jrufpm;zkYd aeYpOfomG ;ausmif;&owJ/h a*gygvEGm;
ausmif;om;av;[m reufwkdif;rSm xrif;xkyfwxkyfeJY awmxJoGm;&wmaygh/ ol EGm;
ausmif;wJhae&muvJ usD;awGaeNyD; usufpm;wJhXmejzpfw,f/ aemufNyD; usD;awGudk olYrSm
ygvmwJh xrif;xkyfw0ufudk auR;awmh usD;awGu olYudk cifNyD; rdwfaqGjzpfoGm;yga&mwJh
vluav;&,f. . . usD;aygif;waxmif&SdowJh. . . 'DvkdeJY aevmMu&mu usKdif;wkHrSm pdk;pHawmf
rlwhJ bk&ifrif;jrwf ewf&mG pH uHawmfuek v f Ydk bk&ifrif;r&Sad vawmh rSL;rwfrsm;u aoemywd
awGeJYwkdifyifNyD; bk&ifaumif;&bkdYtMuHxkwf pOf;pm;MuowJ.h . . /
aemufqkH;usawmh. . . yGJvrf;obifqif,ifusif;yNyD; apmfbGm;yv’ifay:rSm rif;
0wfwefqmawG wifxm;NyD; ]]rif;jzpfxkdufol. . . pHawmfrlyg yv’ifrSm}}vdkYqkdNyD; t"d|mef
opömeJY qkH;jzwfum yGJawmfBuD;udk pnfum;odkufNrdKufpGm usif;yMuowJh/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm ]]usD;wdkY&JUbk&if a&Teef;&Sif}}jzpfwJhusD;waumif[m usKdif;wkHNrdKUrSm
usif;yaewJyh u JG kd a&mufvmNyD; tusKd;taMumif;udk od&awmh. . . ]]ae&yfXmeD usD;wkid ;f jynf}
udk jyefvmum olwaYdk us;Zl;&Sif EGm;ausmif;om;av; a*gyvudk bk&iftjzpfwifbq Ykd ;Hk jzwf
MuNyD; wESpfvQif EGm; 5 aumifus olwkdYudk auR;bkdY uwdcHapum usD;wkdif;jynfrS usKdif;wkH
NrdKUudk oGm;bdkY vlwa,muf0ifEkdifwJhjcif;awmif;Mum;BuD;wpfckudk usD;bk&ifu a*gyvudk
vkyfapowJh. . . vkyfvJNyD;a&m. . . jcif;awmif;Mum;BuD;xJudk 0ifapNyD; nOfhtcsdefrSmaqmif
1
 þEkdifiHa&;acwf

usOf;NyD; usKdi;f wkNH rdKUa[mfeef;xJu t"d|mefxm;wJ&h mZyv’iaf y:0,f ewfaumif;ewfjrwf

wdkYwefckd;eJY a*gyvudk wifxm;NyD; rif;0wfwefqmawG 0wfapowJ.h . . aumif;oxuf
aumif;atmifvJ zefqif;ay;owJh vluav;&,f? (þwGif zGm;zGm;onf wHaxG;udk NrdKcs
NyD;)]]eHeufr;dk aomuf tvif;a&muf}}awmh[k qku d m qufvufajymMum;cJyh gonf/ rSL;rwf
rsm;u a*gyvudk awGjY rif&awmh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfNyD; bk&ifa*gygvudk ylaZmfuefawmh
vkdufMuwm a[mfeef;0if;w0if;vkH; jynfhvQHoGm;owJh. . . yka&m[dwfykPÖm;ynm&SdawGu
a*gyvtoGiftjyifvu©PmawGudk wGufcsufqef;ppfMunfhawmh xl;jrwfwJht*FgeJYjynfhpkH
aMumif; od&owJ.h . . 'geJY usKdif;wkHbk&ifrif;jrwftjzpf (7)ckepf&ufwkdifwkdif tBuD;tus,f
E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

usif;yMuowJh. . .
a*gygvudv k J ]usD;,laqmifvmaombk&if}vkYd bGw YJ yfawmfro l wJ.h . . a*gyvbk&if
tjzpf bdodufoGef;wJhtcgrSm ewf&GmpHawmfrlwJhbk&if&JU&kyftavmif;udk aumif;pGmoN*ØK[f
Muw,f. . . aemufNyD; wESpfudk usD;waxmiftwGuf uRJ(5) EGm;(5)aumif auR;arG;&owJh/
umvMumanmif;NyD; ESpfawGajymif;vmwJhtcg usD;waxmifudk uRJEGm;waumif
us a&mha&mhNyD; auR;vmvkdufwm. . . aemufqkH; vkH;0rauR;bJ xm;rdcJhowJh/
usD;waxmif[m uwdrwnfwJha*gyvbk&ifudk pdwfqkd;NyD; eef;csr,fvkdY 0dkif;0ef;
NyD; MuHpnfMuowJh. . . b,fvkdMuHMuovJqkdawmh bk&if[m avmbaZmwkdufaerSef;odawmh
'DxufBuD;us,fNyD; a&TaiGb@mawmfawG jynfph w Hk w hJ idk ;f jynfrmS bk&ifr&Sí d a*gygvudk bk&if
rif;vkyf tkycf sKyfyg&ef avQmufxm;wJt h cg avmbaZmxGuaf ewJah *gygv[m rSL;BuD;rwf
BuD;awGukd ol bk&ifjzpfwek ;f u usD;awG aqmif,v l mwJjh cif;awmif;Mum;BuD;vkyu f m acwå
rdrdarmifESrawGqD oGm;rnfhtaMumif; uG,f0SufajymMum;NyD; usD;rsm;aqmifMuOf;&modkY
usD;awGu pdwfempGmeJY vdrfvnfac:NyD; rnfolrQr&SdwJhyifv,frSm&SdwJh uRef;wuRef;ay:rSm
xm;NyD;. . . ]]uwdrwnf avmbaZmwkdufwJha*gyvbk&if}} ae&pfawmhvkdY ajymNyD; xm;&pf
cJhMuowJh. . . vlav;&,f/
aemufq;Hk a*gyvbk&if[m tpmiwfa&iwfjzpfNyD; uG,v f eG of mG ;&SmowJ.h . . aemuf
awmh ]]usKdif;wkH}}NrdKUeJY 13 rkdifa0;wJh awmifESpfvkH;Mum;rSm NrdKUapmifhewf oGm;jzpfowJh/
'gaMumifhrdkY NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;[m ]]wpfESpfwpfcg}} NrdKUapmifhewfudk pnfum;odkuf
NrdKufpGm ylaZmfyGJobif qif,ifusif;yMuowJh. . . vlav;&,f/ zGm;zGm;onf ykHtNyD;wGif yk
0gav;eJYrsuf&nfokwfonfudk ,ckwkdif jrifrdygawmhownf;/
av;jrifharmif(yJcl;)
rSwfcsuf/ /1957-58-ckEpS x f wk ?f &efuek wf uúov dk f wkid ;f vli,fpmapmif pmrsufEmS
(49-50)ü vm&Sdaomaqmif;yg;udk jyefvnf&kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/
2