Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STE SD - PICE Presentation - Javier Lopez Gimenez2
STE SD - PICE Presentation - Javier Lopez Gimenez2
STE SD - PICE Presentation - Javier Lopez Gimenez2
NAMAZU
2
HOW EARTHQUAKES ARE GENERATED
Fuente´https://medium.com/konsiteo-today/shinbashira-pagodas-exceptional-earthquake-resistance-9d7e3eac1d6d 4
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PAGODAS
①
Fuente´Nakahara et al., “Earthquake response of ancient five-story pagoda structure of Horyu-ji temple in Japan, Proceedings of the 12 WCEE,
5
2000
CONVENTIONAL
EARTHQUAKE- 耐震
RESISTANT DESIGN
SEISMIC ISOLATION 免震
VIBRATION
CONTROL 制振
6
CONVENTIONAL
EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT
DESIGN
↑ Resistance
↑ Deformation capacity
↑ Dimensions
↑ Number of structural
elements
8
NON-STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
Main risks
Life safety
Property loss
Loss of function
SEISMIC ISOLATION
↓ Seismic energy
transmitted to the structure.
Deck Deck
Fixed Seismic
bearing isolation
(Hinge) bearings
Pier Pier
Pier
15
SEISMIC ISOLATORS
Laminated structure
Connection plate
Rubber layer
Rubber cover
Steel shim
-Fmax Fmax
-δmax δmax
16
SEISMIC ISOLATORS
Structure of a Lead
Rubber Bearing
Connection plate
Rubber layer
Steel shim
Lead plug
17
SEISMIC ISOLATORS
Connection plate
High Damping
Rubber layer
Steel shim
18
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SEISMIC ISOLATION
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
19
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Spectral accelerations
Period
Conventional structure
anon-isol
Conventional
structure 5% damping
Spectral accelerations
↑ Accelerations
↑ Forces
Tnon-isol Period
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Period increase
Conventional structure
anon-isol
Seismically
Damping increase
10% damping
15% damping
20% damping
↓ Accelerations aisol
↓ Forces Seismically isolated structure
↓ Displacements Tnon-isol Tisol Period
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
23
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
25
6th Floor
(103 cm/s2)
1st Floor
(106 cm/s2)
Foundations
300 cm/s2
East - West
27
28
COST OF A SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BRIDGE
Total cost
30
THE BENEFITS OF SEISMIC ISOLATION
31
34
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BRIDGES
1. Geotechnical conditions
2. Building height
4. Time-consuming analysis
36
APPLICATION IN SOFT SOILS
Hard soil
Spectral accelerations Medium soil
Soft soil
Period
1. Geotechnical conditions
2. Building height
4. Time-consuming analysis
38
APPLICATION IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Conventional structure
Low or medium- anon-isol
rise building
Spectral accelerations
Seismically isolated
anon-isol structure
Tnon-isol Period
Tisol
High-rise
buildings
Spectral accelerations
Conventional structure
anon-isol
Seismically isolated
aisol structure
1. Geotechnical conditions
2. Building height
4. Time-consuming analysis
41
42
NEED TO ALLOW THE BUILDING TO MOVE
43
1. Geotechnical conditions
2. Building height
4. Time-consuming analysis
44
OVERALL VIEW OF THE DESIGN PROCESS
Preliminary
structure design
Final Design
45
46
ANALYSIS REFERENCES – ISOLATED BRIDGES
47
48
VIBRATION CONTROL
VIBRATION CONTROL
50
VIBRATION CONTROL DEVICES
Necessary characteristics:
51
OIL DAMPERS
Hydraulic devices that consist of a piston head contained in
a cylinder filled with oil.
The flow of the fluid through the piston is controlled by relief valves
installed in the orifices of the piston head.
This produces a pressure, which creates a force, and seismic energy is
transformed into heat, dissipating into the atmosphere.
Damping force F
Sealing ring Relief valve
Fm
Cylinder Oil
Viscous fluid
⊿ C2
Fr
⊿ C1
Rod Rod Velocity v
Accumulator
vr vm
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
53
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Conventional structure
Conventional affixed base
Earthquake-
Damping increase
5% damping
Spectral accelerations
T Period
Conventional structure
Structure with affixed base
dampers
Damping increase
5% damping
Spectral accelerations
10% damping
T Period
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
56
DYNAMIC TESTING
1. Theoretical studies
2. Physical testing
58
BUILDING WITH DAMPERS SUBJECTED TO STRONG EQs
59
60
THE BENEFITS OF VIBRATION CONTROL (DAMPERS)
61
Analytical Model
The columns and beams are included in the
model as nonlinear elements.
Performance Criteria
Maximum inter-story drift < 2%
CASE STUDY: HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN THE PHILIPPINES
65
TOGGLE-BRACE-DAMPER CONFIGURATION
68
REDUCTION IN ACCELERATIONS
EQ resistant
With building
shear walls Building
With with dampers
toggle-brace-dampers
0.5
0.4
Acceleration (G)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-0.2 Time(sec)
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
Acceleration time histories on the 30th floor
70
THE BENEFITS OF VIBRATION CONTROL (DAMPERS)
71
DAMPERS IN BRIDGES
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
74
OVERALL VIEW OF THE DESIGN PROCESS
Preliminary
structure design
Final Design
75
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
76
INSTALLATION ON THE FACADE
77
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
78
THE LIMITATIONS OF VIBRATION CONTROL (DAMPERS)
What can reduce the effectiveness of vibration control?
What are the typical concerns related to its adoption?
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
79
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
80
THE LIMITATIONS OF VIBRATION CONTROL (DAMPERS)
What can reduce the effectiveness of vibration control?
What are the typical concerns related to its adoption?
1. Time-consuming analysis
5. Building height
6. Geotechnical conditions
81
83
1. Material tests
3. Production testing
1. In Japan, 100% of the production units
84
TESTING OF ISOLATORS
85