IMMUNE CELLS CLUES

CLUE 1
? 
I’m a type of phagocyte – an immune cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing them. I’m the
smallest of the three types of phagocytes, and I’m the most abundant type of white blood cell in
your blood. This means that I’m usually the first type of white blood cell to arrive at the point of
infection after the mast cells have sent out the alarm. 

CLUE 5
? CELL 
The third type of phagocyte. I’m very similar to a macrophage, but not quite as large, and kind of
star-shaped. I engulf pathogens and display their antigens on my surface, becoming an antigen-
presenting cell. In this way, I act as a messenger between the innate immune system and the
adaptive immune system. 

CLUE 9
?
I have the same receptors as the cytotoxic T cells, but I don’t go around chasing up antigens.
Instead, I hand around in your body, and next time I encounter those antigens, I rapidly multiply
to produce cytotoxic T cells. This means that next time, your immune system eliminates the
pathogen much more quickly.

CLUE 13
? CELL 
I have the same antibodies as the B plasma cells, but I don’t go around chasing up antigens.
Instead, I hang around in your body, and next time I encounter those antigens, I rapidly multiply to
produce B plasma cells. This means that next time, your immune system eliminates the pathogen
much more quickly. 

IMMUNE CELLS CLUES

CLUE 2
? 
My name means “big eater.,” and I destroy pathogens by engulfing them. I’m the largest of the
three types of phagocytes. I usually take longer to arrive at the point of infection than a neutrophil
does, but I am able to engulf larger pathogens. Once I have engulfed a pathogen, I may display
their antigens on my surface and become an antigen-presenting cell. 

CLUE 6
?? CELL 
I’m part of the innate immune system. My role is to target body cells that have been infected by a
virus. When I find a virus-infected cell, I release granules that contain perforin and granzymes.
When these are received by the virus-infected cell, they instruct the cell to undergo apoptosis.
This destroys the virus and stops it from spreading. I also target cancerous cells in the same way.

CLUE 10
?
I am an intracellular pathogen. I infect cells and take over their DNA, forcing the cell to make
multiple copies of me. Once the have made enough replicates of me, I burst out of the cell and go
 on to infect other cells.

CLUE 14
? CELL 
You can find me in the lymph nodes. When an antigen matches up with an antibody on a naïve B
cell, or a receptor on a naïve T cell, I signal to these cells to multiply and differentiate into B
plasma cells and B memory cells, or Cytotoxic T cells and T memory cells.

IMMUNE CELLS CLUES

CLUE 3
? 
I’m found in large numbers in tissues near points of entry for pathogen, like skin tissue or the
lining of the gut. When I detect a pathogen, I raise the alarm to the rest of the immune cells by
releasing a chemical called histamine. This signal is received by neutrophils and macrophages.
Histamine also dilates the blood vessels around the point of entry, making it easier for immune
cells to move towards the pathogen.

CLUE 7
?? CELL 
I don’t really have a role yet. I hand out in the lymph nodes, waiting to be exposed to an antigen
that matches my T cell receptors. When this happens, a T helper cell signal to me to divide and
multiply, producing cytotoxic T cells and memory cells.

CLUE 11
?
I’m a ?, and prokaryotic organism. I’m usually an extracellular pathogen. Once I find some tissues I
like, I establish myself in your body and start to multiply. I can cause problems by releasing toxins
into your body. I have antigens on my surface that alert the cells of the immune system that I am
harmful.

CLUE 15
? CELL 
I move around the body secreting antibodies. These antibodies are targeted towards a particular
antigen. When they match up with their antigen, they latch on and smother the pathogen.

IMMUNE CELLS CLUES

CLUE 4
? INFECTED CELL
Unfortunately, I don’t have long to live. But to help the rest of the body, I send out signal
molecules called interferons. These signal molecules tell surrounding cells to put up their anti-?
defences, like making their cell walls less permeable, to avoid being infected themselves. I also
send out signals to immune cells and may display antigens on my surface to show that I am
infected.
CLUE 8
?? CELL 
I used to be a dendritic cell or a macrophage. Once I engulfed the pathogen, or the cell remains of
an infected cell, I took their antigens and displayed them on my surface. I travel to the lymph
nodes to display these antigens to the naïve B and T cells, until I find a match.
 CLUE 12
?
I don’t really have a role yet. I hang out in the lymph nodes, waiting to be exposed to an antigen
that matches my antibodies. When this happens, a T helper cell signals to me to divide and
multiply, producing B plasma cells and B memory cells.

CLUE 16
? CELL 
I am almost identical to a natural killer cell, but instead of roaming around looking for any infected
cells, I target a particular virus with particular antigens. When I find those antigens, I instruct the
cell containing the virus to go through apoptosis.

SOLUTIONS

Viru Nat Antige

M s ural Naii n Mem Mem T B Cytot
ast Infec Dend Kille ve Prese ory B ory Hel Plas oxic
Neutr Macrop Ce ted ritic r T nting T Vir Bacte Lymph B per ma T
ophil hage ll Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell us rium ocyte Cell Cell Cell Cell