S.Y.

2021-
2022
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___

Unit 1: Self-Development ___8. I am lovable and easy to love.

___9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one instruction.
Knowing Oneself – Strengths and Limitations ___10. I am intelligent.
___11. I have special talents and abilities.
___12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
___13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
Big Question: How can understanding yourself pave the way to self-acceptance and
___14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
better relationship with others?
___15. I have integrity and good reputation.
___16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
Contents Standards:The learners demonstrate an understanding of himself/herself during
___17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
middle and late adolescence
___18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
___19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
Performance Standards :The learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple
___20. I am a good listener.
disclosure
___21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
___22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
Most Essential Learning Competencies :
___23. I feel and act with confidence.
 explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and
___24. I am a mature person.
limitations and dealing with others better
Scoring: Copy this table in your activity sheet. Write your score opposite each number and
 share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences
get the subtotal.
Duration : 1 week
Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence
Lesson Title: Knowing Oneself
1 __________ 5 __________ 9 __________
Objectives:
2 __________ 6 __________ 10 __________
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
3 __________ 7 __________ 11 __________
1. explain that knowing yourself can make you accept your strengths and
4 __________ 8 __________ 12 __________
limitations and dealing with others better;
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
2. share your unique characteristics, habits and experiences; and,
Character Communications Maturity
3. start and maintain a journal.
13 __________ 17 __________ 21 __________
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
14 __________ 18 __________ 22 __________
15 __________ 19 __________ 23 __________
Have you ever asked yourself this question: Who am I? If you have, you are not
16 __________ 20 __________ 24 __________
alone. Adolescence is the time when young people start to ask questions about
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
themselves, about their future, and even about their religious and political beliefs.
During the adolescent stage of development, the young person grapples with his or her
identity. This may seem very philosophical to some, but to know oneself is the first step in How do you perceive yourself?
personal development. Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16 or
Activity 1:SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY somewhat weak (score of 10-13) and very weak (below 10).
Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in your 2. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other people consider as your
journal. Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak;1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak or strength? What are these?
somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong. Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet other consider her very charming. Or conversely,
___1. I have strong sex appeal. one can have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or competent” when most of his
___2. I am proud of my physical figure. ideas sound unreasonable or illogical to most of the people.
___3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome. There is indeed a big difference between what you see in yourself (real self-image) and
___4. I exude with charm and poise. what is projected in the eyes of the others (your social image).
___5. I am easy to get along with. 3. How realistic is your self- image?
___6. I can adjust to different people and different situations. 4. To what extent does it reflect your real self?
___7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
Learning Module in Personal Development SHERIDAN DIMAANO

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Source: Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality
Development and Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services
, SDMS Paranaque City, Metro Manila.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Reading: SELF-CONCEPT
Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your
ideal self or your actual self? Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It
is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor
or someother worldly figure. Your actual self, however, is the one that you
actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born
to have.
The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept.
Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two
selves. In other words, it connotes first the identification of the ideal self as separate from
others, and second, it encompasses all the behaviors evaluated in theactual self that you
engage in to reach the ideal self.
The actual self is built on self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is derived from social
interactions that provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self is who we
actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by
others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the actual self is our
self-image.
The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that
we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self
could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what
our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest.
There is negotiation that exists between the two selves which is complex because
there are numerous exchanges between the ideal and actual self. These exchanges are
exemplified in social roles that are adjusted and re-adjusted, and are derived from outcomes of
social interactions from infant to adult development. Alignment is important. If the way that I
am (the actual self) is aligned with the way that I want to be (the ideal self), then I will feel a
sense of mental well-being or peace of mind. If the way that I am is not aligned with how I
want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will result in mental distress or anxiety.
The greater the level of incongruence between the ideal self and real self, the greater the level
of resulting distress. Personal development modules ultimate aim is greater self-knowledge
thatwill lead to higher alignment between these two personality domains.
Source:http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-self-concept-in-psychology-
definition-lesson-quiz.html http://study.com/academy/lesson/ideal-self-vs-real-self-
definition-lesson-quiz.htm
It is believed that the words “Know Thyself”, which were written at the entry of the
oracle at Delphi by seven Greek philosophers, statesmen, and lawgivers, became the
cornerstone of Western philosophy. Socrated, who came decades after these teo words were
scripted at Delphi, said that it seems ridiculous for him to investigate other unimportant things
when he has not known his self yet. For Socrates, the most important thing to pursue was self-
knowledge, and admitting one’s ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge.
(http://www.binghamton.edu/cnes/docs/gnothi_sauton.pdf)
For Plato, one of Socrates’ students, the beginning of knowledge is self-knowledge.
Other ancient philosophers from other cultures saw the wisdom in knowing oneself, The
ancient Hindu writtings Upanishads the confirmed. “Enquiry into the truth of the
“Self” is knowledge”. The Persian poet Rumi ruminated, “Who am I In the midst
Learning Module in Personal Development
of all this thought traffic?” and the American poet Walt Whitman celebrated his Self” as a
simple, separate person.” ( http://www.arkintime.com/know-theyself/)
Reading: PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
Personal effectiveness means making use of all the personal
resources – talents, skills, energy and time, to enable you to achieve life goals.
Your knowledge of yourself and how you manage yourself impacts directly
on your personal effectiveness. Being self-aware, making the most of your
strengths, learning new skills and techniques and behavioral flexibility are all keys to
improving your personal performance.
Our personal effectiveness depends on our innate characteristics – talent and
experience accumulated in the process of personal development. Talents first are needed to be
identified and then developed to be used in a particular subject area (science, literature, sports,
politics, etc.). Experience includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the process of
cognitive and practical activities.
Knowledge is required for setting goals, defining an action plan to achieve them and
risk assessment. Skills also determine whether real actions are performed in accordance with
the plan. If the same ability is used many times in the same situation, then it becomes a habit
that runs automatically, subconsciously. Here are some skills that will greatly increase the
efficiency of any person who owns them:
1. Determination. It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without
being distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It may be developed with the
help of self-discipline exercise.
2. Self-confidence. It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of
getting aware of yourself, your actions and their consequences. Self-confidence is manifested
in speech, appearance, dressing, gait, and physical condition. To develop it, you need to learn
yourself and your capabilities, gain positive attitude and believe that by performing right
actions and achieving right goals you will certainly reach success.
3. Persistence. It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles
– problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles. It
can also be developed with the help of self-discipline exercise.
4. Managing stress. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the
environment and other people. Stress arises from the uncertainty in an unknown situation
when a lack of information creates the risk of negative consequences of your actions. It
increases efficiency in the actively changing environment.
5. Problem-solving skills. They help cope with the problems encountered with a
lack of experience. It increases efficiency by adopting new ways of achieving goals when
obtaining a new experience.
6. Creativity. It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action
that no one has tried to use. It can lead to a decrease or an increase of costs, but usually the
speed of action is greatly increased when using creative tools.
7. Generating ideas. It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional
ideas. Idea is a mental image of an object formed by the human mind, which can be changed
before being implemented in the real world. For generating ideas you can use a method of
mental maps, which allows you to materialize, visualize and scrutinize all your ideas, which in
turn contributes to the emergence of new ideas. These are just some, but the most important
personal effectiveness skills which make the achievement of any goal easier and less costly.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Aside from the philosophers above, Sigmund Freud who is a well-known
psychologist, neurologist and the creator of Psychoanalysis Theory and the father of
SHERIDAN DIMAANO
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psychoanalysis, proposed that there are three components of personality within us: the Id, Ego Source: Sanchez, Bo. (2006). Life Dreams Success Journal: Your Powerful Tool to
and Superego that certainly play a vital role of how we think of ourselves. Achieve and Surpass Your Dreams One Step at a Time. Shepherd’s Voice Publishing.
The Id. Freud explained that man's personality is driven by pleasure principle. This means /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
that the nature of Id is to satisfy man's desire without thinking much of the situation. This Activity 2: Draw Me!
nature is being developed at a young age or present from birth. To illustrate this idea let us 1. On a clean sheet of paper, draw a symbol or symbols of what represents your “Self”. Then
take this as an example. An infant will cry if he/she wants to be fed to satisfy his/her hunger. answer the following questions:
An infant cannot exactly explain what he/she really wants. Also, infants do grab things and 2. How do you understand the “Self”?
would want to get things on their hands not minding if they hurt nor if they are important or 3. How does knowing oneself better make a person accept his strengths and limitations, and
not. All they want is to get them for they want them. This is the nature of Id, when the id improve the way he deals with others?
wants it the rest are no longer important. However, this instinct is controlled by the ego and ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
superego as these aspects are developed in man’s life later.
Activity 3: Journal
The Ego. This is the second component of the personality that is developed at approximately You are indeed successful in studying this lesson, now you are to do a certain task to
the age of three. This operates according to reality which makes it possible for the Id to work enhance your skills in knowing yourself better.
in a more proper and satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more socially accepted means of They say that people do live in accordance or opposite to what their names suggest.
getting the desires and wants of a person without getting to hurt other’s feelings. In other Kindly ask your parents, guardian, or relatives of a short history of how they name you. You
words, it is the job of the ego to provide a man some guidelines on how to behave accordingly may also surf the net of the meaning of your name.
while he fulfilled his pleasure . This component of our personality is manifested whenever we After having the knowledge regarding the definition of your name, face the mirror,
try to satisfy our cravings without compromising our self-image to others contemplate, and relax for a moment. You are to recall happy thoughts and the lowest moment
of your life. In your mind, try to list down things that makes you familiar with your behavior,
The. Superego. Freud believed that this aspect of man begins to manifest as a child turns 5. personality, actions, and values.
This is the last component of personality which holds our moral judgments or concept of right
Then, after a moment of contemplating make a diary note and write down your
and wrong that are believed to be acquired from the family and the environment. This thoughts there. Be guided by the instructions below.
personality is developed as man learns the culture of distinguishing right from wrong based on
Write a three-paragraph reflection on how you lived your life for the past five
the set of guidelines and standards that are known to people which might have been probably years. Please take note of the guide questions given below.
imposed by the people in the community like parents, teachers, elders or the community as a
1. Have you lived in accordance or opposite of your name?
whole. Therefore, superego directs a man’s life for him to avoid hurting others. 2. What delivered you to having this kind of life?
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
3. What would you like to retain the same or to change your life?
Reading Story: YOU NEED TO TAKE CHARGE OF YOUR FUTURE 4. What best quote can sum up your life?
There are three kinds of people in this world:
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The first is the Moviegoer. This person watches the movie of their lives, admires some parts “ A pen is certainly is certainly an excellent instrument to fix a man’s attention and
and criticizes others. Aside from that, they do nothing else. All she says the whole day is, “I
inflame his ambition” – John Adams
like this thing and but I don’t like that thing.” The Moviegoer feels she has absolutely no ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
control of their lives --- except to comment about it. Moviegoers are the most pathetic,
miserable people in the world.
The second is the Actor. This person does not only watch the movie of her life. She
actually realizes she’s the Actor – and can control a big part of her life. She can actually make
or break the movie – by how well she delivers her lines and how she portrays her character.
Actors are a happy bunch, realizing they’re the start of the show and enjoy some level of
control. But many times, they wish the movie would end in another way – but realize that they
have no say in such things.
The third is the Scriptwriter. This person does not only watch, and she doesn’t only
act, but she actually creates the entire movie from her mind. She determines what she will say,
what she will do, and how the movie will end. She realizes she has enormous control over her
life, and sees to it that the movie of herlife will turn out beautiful.
Who are you among these three people?
Do you merely watch your life go y?
Or do you act out a script that you feel has been handed to you?
Or do you write the script and make your life beautiful?
By the way, the Producer of the movie is God. He tells you, “Make the movie

Learning Module in Personal Development SHERIDAN DIMAANO

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REFERENCES

Personal Development Reader

DEPED COPY

Roldan, Amelia S. 2003. On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development

and Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS),
Paranaque City, Metro Manila.

Sanchez, Bo. (2006). Life Dreams Success Journal: Your Powerful Tool to Achieve and
Surpass Your Dreams One Step at a Time. Shepherd’s Voice Publishing.

Ricardo R. Santos.2016.Personal Development ,Rex Publishing

Internet Sources
Source:http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-self-concept-in-psychology-definition-
lesson-quiz.html http://study.com/academy/lesson/ideal-self-vs-real-self-definition-lesson-
quiz.htm

(http://www.binghamton.edu/cnes/docs/gnothi_sauton.pdf)
Sincero, Mae Sarah. "Self-ConceptTheory"Explorable https://explorable.com/self-
concepttheory (accessed May 22, 2020) Kendra, Cherry. "Freud's Id, Ego, and Superego."
Verywellmind.https://www.verywellmind.com/the-id-ego-and-superego2795951.(accessed
May 22, 2020).

Learning Module in Personal Development SHERIDAN DIMAANO

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Answer Sheet projected in the eyes of the others (your social image).
Name: Section:________ 3. How realistic is your self- image?
Activity 1:SELF-CONCEPT INVENTORY 4. To what extent does it reflect your real self?
Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in your journal. Activity 2: Draw Me!
Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak;1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3 1. On a clean sheet of paper, draw a symbol or symbols of what represents your “Self”. Then
= strong; 4 = very strong. answer the following questions:
___1. I have strong sex appeal. 2. How do you understand the “Self”?
___2. I am proud of my physical figure. 3. How does knowing oneself better make a person accept his strengths and limitations, and
___3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
improve the way he deals with others?
___4. I exude with charm and poise.
___5. I am easy to get along with. 2._________________________________________________________________________
___6. I can adjust to different people and different situations. ____________________________________________________________________________
___7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.

___8. I am lovable and easy to love.

___9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one instruction.
___10. I am intelligent.
___11. I have special talents and abilities.
___12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
___13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
___14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
___15. I have integrity and good reputation.
___16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
___17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
___18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
___19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
___20. I am a good listener.
___21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
___22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
___23. I feel and act with confidence.
___24. I am a mature person.
Scoring: Copy this table in your activity sheet. Write your score opposite each number and get the 3. _________________________________________________________________________
subtotal. ___________________________________________________________________________
Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence
1 __________ 5 __________ 9 __________ Activity 3: Journal
2 __________ 6 __________ 10 __________
Use the back of the answer sheet.
3 __________ 7 __________ 11 __________
4 __________ 8 __________ 12 __________
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 __________ 17 __________ 21 __________
14 __________ 18 __________ 22 __________
15 __________ 19 __________ 23 __________
16 __________ 20 __________ 24 __________
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:

How do you perceive yourself?

Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16 or
somewhat weak (score of 10-13) and very weak (below 10).
2. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other people consider as your strength? What
are these?
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet other consider her very charming. Or conversely, one can Assessment
have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or competent” when most of his ideas sound
unreasonable or illogical to most of the people.
There is indeed a big difference between what you see in yourself (real self-image) and what is
Learning Module in Personal Development SHERIDAN DIMAANO

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Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen d. This helps one realize whether actions of others are needed to be judged.
___11. Why did Lao Tzu say that Mastering yourself is true power?
letter on a separate sheet of paper. a. Mastering one’s personality will give you courage to do everything.
__1. What explains the phrase “read thyself” of Thomas Hobbes? b. Knowing yourself will effectively increase your strength and positive traits.
a. It is the effort toward self-fulfillment. c. Being familiar with one’s personality is really an advantage for one to outstand the rest.
b. an individual can learn more by studying others. d. Knowing oneself will allow one to respond to a situation according to his/her behavior.
c. must not boast and attend to the opinion of others. ___12. What idea is embedded in the phrase, “Mastering others is strength.”
d. learning through one’s experiences and achievements a. Knowing others is gift
__2. Which does NOT state the nature of The Id? b. Knowing others is ability
a. starts from birth b. focuses on one’s desire c. Knowing others is a talent
c. develops at the age of 5 d. satisfies pleasure principle d. Knowing others is mastery
__3. Which states FACT about The Superego? ___13. What is the probable reason why The Suda reminds people not to be affected by others
a. acquired from birth c. developed for a long period of time opinion?
b. holds persons moral judgment d. affected by persons unique identify a. Other people point of view is very belittling.
__4. Which statement can define The Ego? b. People have tendency to forget old teachings.
a. satisfies ones wants c. develops according to one’s desire c. Self-concept does not concentrate on people’s opinion.
b. operates according to reality d. affects persons opinion toward himself d. Self-concept does not value the point of view of others towards oneself.
__5. Which statement is true about mind as the seat of consciousness as defined by Rene ___14. What is meant by “Knowing others is intelligence.”?
Descartes? a. Having ideas towards identify of others is just a mental state.
a. through our minds we perceive the future b. Getting to know others is also a gift that only few are blessed.
b. through our minds we know ourselves better c. Knowing how to deal with different personalities is a special talent.
c. through our minds we realized our past experiences d. It is not easy to know others it requires mental capability to do this.
d. through our minds we keep on discovering people’s belief ___15. What is meant by “Knowing yourself is true wisdom.”?
__6. Which is NOT true about self-development? a. Self-concept is a great power of mind.
a. Every people will undergo this process. b. Knowing oneself is achieving a higher level of thinking.
b. Everybody will look for ways to understand himself/herself. c. Knowing oneself is a process that is developed self-discovery.
c. Everyone will find it difficult to know himself/herself better. d. Self-concept is a kind of intelligence that developed through education.
d. Every individual has the chance of knowing himself/herself better.
__7. What is likely to happen when one gained complete understanding of himself/herself?
a. He/She will seek professional help.
b. He/She will find difficult knowing others.
c. He/She will build a better life on his/her own.
d. He/She will take his/her part in the society successfully.
__8. To where a person is believed to acquire his/her first and primary concept of right and
wrong?
a. from his/her family c. from his/her friends
b. from his/her school d. from his/her society
__9. Why should a person develop The Ego?
a. He/She will become more mature c. He/She will gain be more successful
b. He/She will appear more educated d. He/She will learn how to control his/her instincts

__10. Why is The Superego important?

a. This gives person guidelines of distinguishing right from wrong.
b. This teaches an individual to be more careful of his/her actions.
c. This provides concept of communities’ rules for judging people’s actions.
Learning Module in Personal Development SHERIDAN DIMAANO