NAME OF MASTERAND: ANGEL LOU A.

VILLAMONTE
SUBJECT: ED 216 FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
PROFESSOR: DR. ADELA DELA CRUZ
Define and explain what is Behaviorism and Structuralism of Education?
What is Behaviorism?• Idea that behavior is acquired through conditioning.•
Measures behavior by a learner’s response to stimuli.• A learner’s response to
stimuli can be reinforced using positive or negative feedback.•
There are 2 types of conditioning .
Classical ConditioningClassical conditioning involves pairing a naturally
occurring stimulus with aresponse. Then a previous neutral stimulus is paired
with the naturallyoccurring stimulus. The neutral stimulus begins to evoke the
same responsewithout the natural occurring stimulus.
Operant Conditioning• Method that occurs using negative and positive
reinforcement (or rewards and punishments).
B.F. Skinner• Invented the “Skinner Box”- associated with operant
conditioning• “Education is what survives when what has been learned has
been forgotten”• “The consequences of an act affect the probability of it
happening again” March 1904 - August 1990 John B. Watson• “Give me a
dozen healthy infants, well- formed, and my own specified world to bring them
up in and I guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any
type of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant- chief and, yes,
even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies,
abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.”• Known for publishing an article
titled“Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” Jan. 1878- Sept. 1958also called
“The Behaviorist Manifesto”.
Behaviorism and Teachers• Behaviorism is seen when teachers use the
following methods: – Testing specific skills – More individual work than group
learning – Using positive and negative reinforcement• One specific way teachers
could incorporatebehaviorism is using a point or sticker systemto reward
students good behavior or goodacademic performance.
Behaviorism and Students• According to behaviorism, students learn through
experiences and practices.• Learning is also modified with positive and negative
reinforcements• Students begin to give predicted responses to a stimulus
Behaviorism and My Classroom• Ways in which I could use behaviorism theory
in my classroom: – Have objectives and expectations clearly stated – Give
weekly quizzes/tests – Use positive/negative reinforcement to encourage and
reward my students for good behavior and to punish bad behavior.
 Final Thoughts• Pros: – Behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, making
it easier to conduct and collect data and research. – Can be applicable/helpful
for therapy of children with behavioral disorders• Cons: – Does not account for
other ways of learning that do no involve positive/negative reinforcement –
People can change their behavior when presented with new information, even if
they have previously established a different behavior through reinforcement

Structuralism is the name that is given to a wide range of discourses that

study underlying structures of signification. • Signification occurs wherever
there is a meaningful event or in the practice of some meaningful action. •
Structuralism therefore promises to offer insights into what makes us the way
we are.
Structuralism was a school of thought that sought to identify the components
(structure) of the mind (the mind was the key element to psychology at this
point). • Structuralists believed that the way to learn about the brain and its
functions was to break the mind down into its most basic elements. • They
believed, the whole is equal to the sum of the parts.
Wilhelm Wundt, who is considered the pioneer Structuralist, set up the very
first psychological laboratory in 1879. • TItchner was interested in the
conscious mind. He used a technique called introspection to try to understand
the conscious mind. • Introspection is a process of having a person "look
inward", focus on, and try to understand the emotion or thought they are
experiencing at that moment.
Structuralism was the first school of psychology • focused on breaking down
mental processes into the most basic components. • Researchers tried to
understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as
introspection • Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab.
• Edward B. Titchener, who first coined the term to describe this school of
thought. • Wundt's work helped to establish psychology as a separate science •
He contributed methods to experimental psychology, • Wundt himself referred
to his view of psychology as volunteerism • His theories tended to be much
more holistic than the ideas that Titchener later introduced in the United
States
• Titchener's development of structuralism helped establish the very first
"school" of psychology, but structuralism itself did not last long beyond
Titchener's death.
STRUCTURALISM Criticism • To study the structures of the mind were too
subjective • The use of introspection led to a lack of reliability in results. • It
was too concerned with internal behavior, • It is not directly observable
STRUCTURALISM Criticism • It can not be accurately measured. •
Structuralism is important because it is the first major school of thought in
psychology. • The structuralist school also influenced the development of
experimental psychology.