2022_RS_Lecture 02 continued

Enzyme kinetics:

Design of Enzyme Reactors

with simple kinetics

Prof. R. Shanthini 1
Batch Enzyme Reactor
Mass balance for the substrate:

0 = 0 + d(VCs)/dt + (-rS)V

For a batch reactor with constant volume

reacting mixture, the above becomes

- dCs/dt = -rS (29)

V for volume of the reacting mixture at time t

CS for concentration of the substrate in V at time t
(-rS) for substrate utilization rate in V at time t

Prof. R. Shanthini 2
Batch Enzyme Reactor

Substituting (-rS) for the simple enzyme reaction in (29), we

get rmaxCS
dCS
- = (30)
dt KM + CS
Rearranging (30), we get
CS t
KM
- + 1 dCS = rmax dt (31)
CS
CS0 0

Integrating (31) gives

CS0
KM ln + (CS0 – CS) = rmax t (32)
CS
Prof. R. Shanthini 3
Batch Enzyme Reactor Determination of
M-M kinetic
parameters
CS0
KM ln + (CS0 – CS) = rmax t (32)
CS

How would you determine the kinetic

constants rmax and KM , if you are provided
with CS versus t data?
Initial substrate concentration CS0 is known.

Prof. R. Shanthini 4
Batch Enzyme Reactor Determination of
M-M kinetic
(32) in linear form becomes parameters
(CS0 – CS) t
= - KM + rmax (33)
ln(CS0/CS) ln(CS0/CS)

(CS0 – CS)
ln(CS0/CS)

rmax

t
- KM
Prof. R. Shanthini ln(CS0/CS) 5
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state

F F F F
CS0 CS CS+dCS CSf

dV
Mass balance for the substrate over dV:
FCS = F(CS + dCS) + (-rS) dV

The above can be simplified to - FdCS / dV = -rS

F for the steady flow rate through the reactor

CS for concentration of the substrate
dV for small volume of the reacting mixture
(-rS) for substrate utilization rate in dV
Prof. R. Shanthini 6
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state

F F F F
CS0 CS CS+dCS CSf

dV
Introducing space-time θ ( = V/F), we get

- dCS / dθ = -rS (34)

which is very similar to (29)

F for the steady flow rate through the reactor
CS for concentration of the substrate
dV for small volume of the reacting mixture
(-rS) for substrate utilization rate in dV
Prof. R. Shanthini 7
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
Substituting (-rS) for the simple enzyme reaction in (34), we
get
dCS rmaxCS
- = (35)
dθ KM + CS
Rearranging (35), we get
CS θ
KM
- + 1 dCS = rmax dθ (36)
CS
CS0 0

Integrating (36) gives

CS0
KM ln + (CS0 – CS) = rmax θ (37)
CS
Prof. R. Shanthini 8
Plug-flow Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
(37) in linear form becomes
(CS0 – CS) θ
= - KM + rmax (38)
ln(CS0/CS) ln(CS0/CS)

(CS0 – CS)
ln(CS0/CS)
Determination
of M-M kinetic
rmax parameters

θ
- KM
Prof. R. Shanthini ln(CS0/CS) 9
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
F
CS0

V
CS F
CS
F for the steady flow rate through the reactor
CS for concentration of the substrate in the reactor and at the exit
V for the volume of the reacting mixture
(-rS) for substrate utilization rate in V
Prof. R. Shanthini 10
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
F
CS0

V
CS F
CS

Mass balance for the substrate over V:

FCS0 = FCS + (-rS) V (39)

Prof. R. Shanthini 11
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state

Introducing space-time θ ( = V/F) in (39), we get

CS0 = CS + (-rS) θ (40)

Substituting (-rS) for the simple enzyme reaction in (40), we

get

rmaxCS
CS0 = CS + θ (41)
KM + CS

Prof. R. Shanthini 12
Continuous Stirred Tank Enzyme Reactor at steady-state
(41) in linear form becomes
CS θ
CS = - KM + rmax (42)
(CS0 – CS)

CS
Determination of
M-M kinetic
parameters
rmax

CS θ
- KM
(CS0-CS)
Prof. R. Shanthini 13