SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM

ECC589

ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY

MARCH 2022 – AUGUST 2022

FINAL REPORT

INTRODUCTION & DEMONSTRATION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

GROUP MEMBERS

1. AHMAD SAUFI BIN JAMALUDIN : 2019467956

2. NURUL NATASYA BINTI AZMAN : 2019451588
3. NUR AMIRA SHABILA BINTI IBRAHIM : 2019884228
4. NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHD FADZLI : 2019695862

GROUP : EC2208C4B

SUBMITTED TO : DR SITI HAMIDAH BINTI ABDULL RAHMAN

SUBMISSION DATE : 18TH JULY 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TASK 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1

TASK 1A: Background of Project ....................................................................................... 1

TASK 1B: Evaluation of identified problems....................................................................... 1

TASK 2: DETAIL ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM .......................................................... 2

TASK 2A: Observation and Assessment of Problem ......................................................... 2

TASK 2B: The nature of conflicts relevant to the problems ................................................ 3

TASK 3: ENGAGEMENT WITH SPECIFIED STAKEHOLDERS ........................................... 4

TASK 4: STANDARD AND CODES OF PRACTICES ........................................................... 5

4.1 Purpose of Integrated Society Project ..................................................................... 5

4.2 What is Rainwater Harvesting System (RHWS) ...................................................... 5

4.3 Challenges Faced in This ISP ................................................................................. 5

4.4 Standards and Code of Practice ............................................................................. 5

TASK 5: INITIAL STAGE OF DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION ..................... 6

TASK 6: POTENTIAL ETHICAL ISSUE AND PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT ................... 8

TASK 8: DISCUSSION ON THE MULTIPLE IDEAS FORWARDED INTO PROTOTYPING 10

TASK 10: DETAIL FINAL DESIGN AND ELABORATION ON AN INNOVATIVE CIVIL

ENGINEERING SOLUTION ................................................................................................ 12

TASK 13: REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED ................................................... 16

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 18

APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 19
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Linkage between stakeholder ................................................................................. 4

Figure 2: System Harvesting System (a) Layout of the proposed location of storage tank (b)
the schematic diagram of RWHS ........................................................................................ 12
Figure 3: Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) process................................................... 13
Figure 4: Entrance survey for Question 1 ............................................................................ 19
Figure 5: Exit survey for Question 1 ................................................................................... 19
Figure 6: Entrance survey for Question 2 ............................................................................ 19
Figure 7: Exit survey for Question 2 .................................................................................... 19
Figure 8: Exit e survey for Question 3 ................................................................................. 20
Figure 9: Entrance survey for Question 3 ............................................................................ 20
Figure 10: Entrance survey for Question 4 .......................................................................... 20
Figure 11: Exit survey for Question 4 .................................................................................. 20
Figure 12: Entrance survey for Question 5 .......................................................................... 20
Figure 13: Exit survey for Question 5 .................................................................................. 20
TASK 1: INTRODUCTION
TASK 1A: Background of Project
Water scarcity has become a significant concern in sustainable development in recent
years. The main driving forces for the rising demand for water are the rapid growth in
population, urbanization, industrialization, and irrigated agriculture. The human population
has doubled from 3.9 billion to 7.0 billion over the last decades, but the water demand has
increased three-fold. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are expected to experience water scarcity,
while two-third of population will experience water stress (Lee et al., 2016). Hence, the
alternative water resource is needed to address water shortage issues.
Parallel to our project, “Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS)”, Taman Desa
Kemandol, Kuala Langat is choosen where they are suffer with water shortage problems.
In order to reduce and minimize water shortage consequences, the use of rainwater has
been widely accepted as reliable alternative. RWHS is proposed as the concept of
accumulation and deposition of rainwater for use instead of allowing it to runoff. RWHS are
able to simultaneously adress the water scarcity problem and reduce depence on domestic
water supply.

TASK 1B: Evaluation of identified problems

Malaysia, as a developing country, cannot avoid water challenges, particularly in
Selangor due to river pollution. Water shortages are common at Taman Desa Kemandol,
which is located in Kuala Langat. In September 2020, a total of 1292 localities in the Kuala
Selangorand Kuala Langat faced an unplanned water supply disruption after the water
treatment facility was forced to shut down after ordour pollution from industrial sources was
discovered at the raw water intake source (Abdul Rahman, 2021). Not just that, most of the
residents are from low income family in which they are not afford to pay bill and having
water disruption. As a result, residents in the area are having difficulty acquiring water.
Furthermore, when the water supply in Taman Desa Kemandol is disrupted, the
residents always get water from a pond. When they utilise the water directly without
filtration, it can easily become polluted from a variety of sources, posing a health risk.
According to the World Health Organization, diseases linked to a lack of adequate water
and poor hygiene cause 1.6 million deaths each year (Tarrass & Benjelloun, 2012). Safety
also needs to be taken into consideration as They are also in danger of slipping and
drowning in the pond while taking water. By implementing RWHS, they can reduce the
dependency on the water supply.

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TASK 2: DETAIL ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEM

TASK 2A: Observation and Assessment of Problem

Malaysia can be categorized as one of the countries that has high domestic water
consumption, which ranges from 209 to 228 liters per capita per day (lcd). The consumption
is still above the recommended target by the World Health Organisation (WHO), which is 165
lcd. Thus, water demand in Malaysia is observed to increase from 12.1 billion m3/year in 2010
and is projected to increase further to 17.7 billion m3/year in 2050(Lani et al., 2018). Due to
rapid development in Malaysia, recent decades have had a significant impact on the
environment, which contributes to the deterioration of water quality in river basins such as in
the Klang Valley and Langat Valley (Abdul Rahman, 2021). Rivers become highly polluted and
are too expensive to maintain. Higher water demand and improper management are causing
water shortages in Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat.

Based on observation, water shortages frequently occurred due to the water treatment
plant being forced to cut-off operations, which caused the disruption of water supply. In
addition to the severe lack of water resources, there is a problem with the deterioration of
basic sanitation requirements. Without access to clean water for drinking, cooking, washing,
or bathing, which is necessary for everyday functions, individuals typically experience unclean
conditions, which makes diseases a much bigger problem. Furthermore, it also contributes to
mental health problems like depression and anxiety. During water shortages, residents use
water from the pond for sanitation purposes and expose residents to preventable health risks
(Suster et al., 2020). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), contaminated water
and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea,
dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio.

In order to reduce the dependency on clean water, an innovative solution should be

introduced to the community at Taman Desa Kemandol. As a result, rainwater harvesting
systems are the most promising solution that can be implemented in order to reduce the
dependency on treated water among communities at Taman Desa Kemandol. This is because
the Rainwater Harvesting System (RWH) systems are easy to operate and require relatively
lower maintenance than the other solutions.

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TASK 2B: The nature of conflicts relevant to the problems
The ‘Guidelines for Installing a Rainwater Collection and Utilization System 1999’ can
be seen as the initial phase of the rainwater harvesting policy in Malaysia (Soedibyo, 2003).
The main purpose of these guidelines is to reduce the dependence on treated water and
provide a convenient buffer in times of shortage in the water supply. Currently, many districts
in Selangor are on the verge of water disruption due to neglected water demand management
by water authorities. Although the guidelines for installing a rainwater harvesting system has
been promoted in Malaysia since 1999, the implementation of rainwater harvesting as an
alternative supply of water is still very limited due to the current low rate of water supply.

In 2006, the government proposed that rainwater harvesting would be made

compulsory for new buildings as a measure to cope with drought and other impacts of climate
change. When the new law is passed, it may have some implications on the existing legal
provisions. Furthermore, compulsory rainwater harvesting requires amendment of certain laws
since it attracts some planning, environmental and health issues. For instance, as the design
and requirements of a building are legislated under the Uniform Building By-laws 1984, it will
be the most affected legislation and has to be amended accordingly.

Next, conflicts and disputes arise as a result of confusion and disagreement between
stakeholders. There is strong resistance from the developers as they will have to incur more
costs to install the system. Moreover, legal aspects and categories of building in planning and
design of rainwater harvesting will affect successful implementation of the new law, since most
of the present system is bulky and not space friendly.

Then, lack of awareness regarding rainwater harvesting systems and the installation
of these systems cause water resources to be quite challenging. In addition, initial cost and
maintenance are still problematic issues with regards to how this system can be affordable for
all societies, especially for people in the low-income category such as Taman Desa Kemandol
community (Lani et al., 2018). Lastly, many local authorities are faced with financial problems
with fully implementing their policies and sometimes lack of manpower, especially experts for
installation of rainwater harvesting.

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TASK 3: ENGAGEMENT WITH SPECIFIED STAKEHOLDERS

To achieve the objectives, industrial and community engagement is essential. The

stakeholders are those who can be potentially affected by this project. This includes anyone
involved before and after program implementation. These parties are affected by the overall
outcome of the program which is the community of Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat.
While the collaborator from industry that has been selected is UNESCO-IHP Malaysia.

The International Hydrological Programme (IHP) is the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) international scientific cooperative program
in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building. This
industry known to assess the sustainable development of vulnerable water resources which
suitable for this project focus (rainwater harvesting system).

Certain rural population not getting proper jobs where lead to unable to pay for
domestic water resource for their daily use. Rural population often depend on local water
sources (wells, river, storage area), which are in many cases contaminated. Community of
Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat have agriculture activities where water is essential and
dependent on domestic water resources is inefficient for them. In this project, the community
that will be involved is the adults from Taman Desa Kemandol in Kuala Langat, Selangor as
the target audience. There will be 30 adults from different families to reach wider awareness.
A talk and video demonstration will be conducted on rain water harvesting system. During the
session, they will understand on the application of rain water harvesting system and the
benefits of it. They will be provided with the information regarding materials usage, place of
installation, and storage size.

The industry collaboration is beneficial to the community of Taman Desa Kemandol,

Kuala Langat in bringing awareness on green technology while tackling the issue of water
scarcity and lessen the dependency to domestic water resource. The community can adopt
the idea of rain water harvesting by installing at their house and even hut in their farm.

Community
Our Team Industry
- Voice out their
- Identify and analysis - We ask for assist in
problem in agriculture
possible solution selected solution
and water problems

Figure 1: Linkage between stakeholder

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TASK 4: STANDARD AND CODES OF PRACTICES

4.1 Purpose of Integrated Society Project

To reduce and minimize water shortage in Taman Desa Kemandol, Hulu Langat
Selangor by educate and improve awareness among community toward
implementation and important of rainwater harvesting system.

4.2 What is Rainwater Harvesting System (RHWS)

Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) can be defined as the collection and storage
of rainwater for use rather than to waste it as runoff.

4.3 Challenges Faced in This ISP

In 1999, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government has produced a Guideline on
Installing a Rainwater Collection and Utilization System. This rainwater harvesting
has been issued in Malaysia in 1999 but the implementation of rainwater harvesting
as an alternative water resource is still very limited due to its long return on investment
and poor public acceptance. Major challenges on the implementation of rainwater
harvesting in Malaysia are to achieve competitive cost, the wide application of
commercial buildings, a cost-effective treatment system, effective policy
implementation, the application of green materials, and public perception
improvement. Then, making rainwater harvesting compulsory would result in some
implications on the social, economic and legal sectors. From a legal aspect,
compulsory rainwater harvesting would involve amendment of certain laws since this
attracts some planning, environmental and health issues.

4.4 Standards and Code of Practice

 MSMA 2nd Edition 6.1: Introduction
The planning and development of rainwater harvesting systems shall be carried out
adhering to the principles and guidelines described in this guideline. This is to ensure
that the system complies with sustainability, water quality and design standard.
 MSMA 2nd Edition 6.2: Component in Rainwater Harvesting System
Whether it is large or small, a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) has five basic
components including catchment area, conveyance, first flush, storage tanks and
distribution. These are the important component should be considered in designing
Rainwater Harvesting System.

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TASK 5: INITIAL STAGE OF DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION

The targeted community for this project is at Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat,
Selangor. A site visit has been done to identify the problems occurs among the community.
Residents in Taman Desa Kemandol do not have access to clean and enough water for daily
use. In order to minimize the negative impacts on water resources, the communities, industries
and stakeholders should be made aware of the importance of water and proactive measures
are needed from all parties.

Firstly, coordinate save water campaign toward the community through a water
conservation programme. The main objectives of this programme not only to educate people
about the scope and impact of water scarcity, also educate how to conserve water wisely, and
how to support water organizations helping people get access to clean water as well as create
awareness among the community. An activity can be conducted with the school community to
educate young generation to use and save water for the proper supply of water for the future
generation and keeps water pure and clean while protecting the environment. It is important
for them to know the importance of water to fulfil all the activities of life. The government
agencies also need to take action.

Next, collaborating with authorities to provide and invest an innovative technology to

that area such as rainwater harvesting systems as a new water resource can help address
water scarcity. National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) actively involved
in designing and installing rainwater harvesting systems for government building, mosque,
residential house and several schools.

Besides, water pollution prevention and conservation are necessary to assure that
future generations get continuous supply of water. Toxic substances should be disposed
safely rather than pour them down the drain because water pollution is yet another cause of
water scarcity. Water pollution is also becoming one of the greatest threats to freshwater
availability and re-use. Poor water quality not only negatively affects human health and
ecosystems in multiple ways, but also makes water unfit for different uses and purposes and
hence reduces the water resources availability

Cloud seeding has also been introduced as a solution to water shortages. It involves
aircraft or drones to add small particles of silver iodide, which have a structure similar to ice.
Water droplets cluster around the particles, modifying the structure of the clouds and
increasing the chance of precipitation. In addition, government plays important roles in
environmental water quality management by established a good strategies and effective

6
legislation. The lack of good management could be responsible for the negative impacts of
water supply systems, leading to serious water shortages in the future.

The water quality from pond can be improved using alternative treatments. Floating
treatment wetlands are one of the suitable options for water quality improvement. It is the small
artificial platforms that allow these aquatic emergent plants to grow in water by natural
processes to remove the contaminants and increase water quality of lakes. The floating island
maintain better water quality, increase water clarity and may improve oxygen availability in
deeper water.

Besides, effective microorganisms mudballs are one of the methods to improve pond
water quality. The main aims of the mudballs are to stop the growth of algae, to break down
sludge, to suppress pathogens, and to eliminate the foul-smelling odours caused by high
levels of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and methane. Mudballs is the mixing of clayey soil, rice
bran and activated EM. EM mudballs provide excellent microbial diversity in pond water,
promoting sludge-eating microbes that will leave you with a naturally clean and bright pond.

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TASK 6: POTENTIAL ETHICAL ISSUE AND PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT

POTENTIAL ETHICAL ISSUE SOLUTION

Ignorance in securing good environment Enforce laws and higher penalty

Water polluted from ignorant parties who Therefore, top management must ensure to
release harmful chemical to water bodies and communicate and enforce robust code of ethics.
difficult for water treatment plant to manage it. Besides, implementation of good treatment
Low law enforcement and penalties. plant for every parties are crucial.

Bribery issue Integrity program

Some industries take easy routes by not treating Strict training in dealing waste management
their waste and release to water bodies. must be attended by the staffs. Participation of
Authority closed their eyes when large sum of engineers will produce honest designer for
money was given. treatment plants.

Negligence in safety work environment Produce plan before working

Installing gutter is difficult without proper Generate work orders, and choose good place
equipment. Working at height alone and not to apply the system. For instance, use of ladder,
assist by people at ground. safety shoes and goggles. Not at danger
location.

Less appreciation on free resource Spark idea on how valuable is rainwater

Rainwater always goes to waste as surface Rainwater can be easily gathered during
runoff and end up in the drain, river and sea. monsoon season. Rainwater is not harmful for
Usage of domestic water for watering plants is plants and can be useful for drinking when
not efficient. treated correctly such as filtration and
disinfection (boiling).

No preparation for drought season and Give awareness on alternative water source
water shortage
Water from lake and river may harmful.
Dependency on domestic water sources. Water rainwater is useful resource for daily usage
cuts when problem occur at main point including agriculture.
resource.

8
Lack of education and awareness on the Public water conservation programmes
conserving water resource
The awareness on the use of rainwater as an
The community ae not exposed to the alternative water source need to be exposed to
knowledge about the importance and use of tackling the issue of water scarcity and for the
rainwater harvesting system community just not depending to domestic
water resource only.

Participation of communities towards the Strategies to attract the communities

programme
In order to reach the target of participants,
The community still not aware towards the several activities and demonstration need to be
problems faced in their area. The participated included in the program for better
rate might be minimal. understanding and they can apply in their place.
The terms used also should be familiar and
easy to understand.

9
TASK 8: DISCUSSION ON THE MULTIPLE IDEAS FORWARDED INTO PROTOTYPING

Due to the lack of clean water, the community in Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala
Langat, Selangor are using the water from the pond for sanitation purposes which can expose
them to preventable health risks. Thus, several initiatives, programs and method that have
been proposed to solve the water shortages problem that occurred in that area.

SOLUTION DISCUSSION

Education is an important tool for raising awareness and encouraging

behaviour change. Public water conservation campaigns able to create
awareness about the importance of conserving water at all levels of
society in order to deal with scarcity. The aim of raising public awareness
for water issues is to engage the public in topics such as water
conservation and hygienic water use since the community there used
the water from the pond for their daily use and educate how to conserve
water wisely. Campaigns can be applied in several methods such as
through media, television, radio or by organizing large events
Awareness and
collaboration with NGOs and community.
Education
Installing the rainwater harvesting system to help the community use
rainwater more effectively. Besides, they also can use the rainwater for
other purposes such as such as landscape irrigation, flushing toilet,
vehicle wash and watering plants and gardens. Thus, the community will
not depend to domestic water resource only and the water bills could be
reduced. According to Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of
Environment and Water, the location has an adequate rainfall for the
application. The school and community hall has large roof area that can
capture significant amounts of precipitation. In addition, the organizer
was able to apply the knowledge that have been learn into real life
Rainwater Harvesting
situation and give experience to collaborate with the industry agency.
System
The water treatment plant shutdown disrupted the water supply
consumption to the consumer due to odour pollution and other pollution
such as detergent, oil spill, mudslide. Pollution control measures include
regulating factories based on laws and ordinances and constructing
additional sewage treatment systems. Some pollutants pose risks to

10
 human health. Thus, by this prevention it could prevent from any
contamination in water sources by substances and make the water
Pollution Control
usable for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and other activities.

Application of cloud seeding can help to reduce water scarcity and

enhance the natural water supply to communities hence can solve the
water shortages problem in that area. Forecasters and scientists have
estimated that cloud seeding operations can enhance rainfall by as
much as 30-35 percent in a clear atmosphere and up to 10-15 percent
in a humid atmosphere. However, cloud seeding revolves around the
excessive costs and risks to public safety and environment since the
material used in this process is toxic to aquatic life and the precipitation
Cloud Seeding from seeded clouds can harm the environment.

Establishment and implement regulations and carry out monitoring and

enforcement on allocations and utilisation of water resources, protection
and conservation of river is vital. Thus, current laws and regulations
needs to be adjusted where appropriate to better protect existing water
sources. The communities should differentiate between water for
domestic use and water for non-domestic purposes (irrigation, food
production, laundry services, domestic livestock). Therefore, it is
important to have the guidelines that have been set meet the standards
Regulations and
that have been approved and are safe to use.
Enforcement
The methods taken in improving pond water quality in that area such as
floating treatment wetlands and the effective microorganisms mudballs.
Having a pond in the residential area can cut down the water usage but
it needs to be treated correctly before use. The methods such as floating
treatment wetlands exposes to the community regarding the application
of plants in the water quality treatment process and mudballs method
introduced to the community on how to treat the contaminated water
using organic matter. The objective is to find out the water quality of the
Water Quality pond in that area.
Improvement

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TASK 10: DETAIL FINAL DESIGN AND ELABORATION ON AN INNOVATIVE CIVIL
ENGINEERING SOLUTION

The community of Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat, experienced a number of

issues, including difficulty accessing the water supply and affordability of paying the water bill.
This issue may cause life discomfort. This is due to the fact that water is a necessity and a
part of daily life. As a scenario, if the community lacks access to a water supply, they would
have to put in extra effort because they would need to locate a temporary tank each time the
local authorities transported water to the area.

Therefore, the discussed proposed solution for the problems identified as shown in
detail design with the elaborations on an innovative Civil Engineering. The proposed solution
for the above problems is to find an alternative way on how to access easily and reduce the
dependency on the water supply. Hence, the best way is to implement the Rainwater
Harvesting System (RWHS) in their residential. This system can be identified as an alternative
to water technology that is relevant, commercially available and may offer an opportunity to
offset water use. This is because the major source of portable water is rainfall. Hence, if
rainwater is harvested then the water scarcity issues can be altogether decreased and even
eliminated. Figure 2 shows the layout plan with the location of the RWHS tank and the
schematic diagram of the system.

(a) (b)
Figure 2: System Harvesting System (a) Layout of the proposed location of storage tank (b)
the schematic diagram of RWHS

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 Rain water harvesting is a technique through which the rain water is captured, stored
and reused for various purposes. Various studies have suggested to use harvested storm
water for domestic and land-scape purpose. This significantly can reduce the demanded
amount of water supply. Hence, they also can reduce their water bill that need to be paid. The
process of rainwater harvesting system is shown in the Figure 3. The location of the storage
tank must be determined by the community first before installation to make sure it can be used
efficiently. The storage tank needs to be placed a bit higher to provide enough pressure for
the water and it also need to be connected to the drain pipe or gutter. So that, the rainfall that
is captured can be flow into the storage tank. Then, it also needs to be placed near the drain
in order to allow the overwater to flow out from the storage.

A catchment area
Rooftop of the house will be the area to capture
rainfall

A conveyance system
Drain line move the captured rainwater from the roof
to a storage area

A storage system
The storage provided is use to hold the rainwater for
future use

A distribution system
To get the water from storage to where it is being
used
Figure 3: Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) process

Adoption of rainwater harvesting can save energy. In the current world, energy
production is one of the responsible factors for global warming that ultimately lead to climate
change. The climate change impact is the most prominent constrains for achieving sustainable
development goals (SDG). Here it is assumable that rainwater harvesting contributes to
sustainable development through improving water supply that leads to the reduction in
groundwater extraction and energy saving. It is notable to mention that SDG 6 is about to
access to water so that rainwater harvesting contributes to this goal directly.

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TASK 11: ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITY TO TEST THE SOLUTIONS

Feedback of Entrance and Exit Survey From Students Of SK (A) Taman Desa Kemandol And
Community of Taman Desa Kemandol, Kuala Langat:

The surveys were conducted to measure the effectiveness of this program. The surveys
consist of five (5) selected questions based on the problem and suitability of the program.

Feedback from entrance survey

The questions in the entrance survey are to determine if the participants well informed with
free water source and rainwater harvesting system. Below are the result from the entrance
survey.

Question: I have known about the free water resource.

Based on the Figure 1, the pie chart shows that most of the participants did not know or less
information regarding the free water source. They lived near to a lake and its barely use for
washing, cooking, and water shortage supply. Besides, the lake’s depth is unknown and may
danger to them. It is an essential source for the existence of life on the planet earth. It is widely
used for various purposes such as drinking, washing, bathing, cleaning, cooking, irrigation,
and other industrial and domestic uses.

Question: I know about the cleanliness of rainwater and its usage

Based on the Figure 3, the pie chart shows that the participants have moderate information
on the rainwater and its usage. 31% of the participants moderately agree that they know about
the cleanliness of rainwater. Rainwater mostly not collects properly as they did not know the
potential of it.

Question: I know about the importance of rainwater harvesting system and its usage

Based on the Figure 5, the pie chart shows most of the participants did not know about the
system and its usage. Only 25% of participants have heard about the system while 4% of the
participants heard and knew how it works. They know how to collect rainwater however not
with an efficient system that collect from roof via gutter and rainwater downpipe.

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Question: I can solve the water shortage problem

Based on the Figure 7, 53% of participants believe they have moderate knowledge on solving
water shortage problems. Only 6% of the participants agreed they know what to do when
facing water shortage. Water shortage is common in Selangor and most people depend on
the domestic water supply. They opting to buy water at shops as it was emergency.

Question: I understand the rainwater harvesting system and able to apply it

Based on the Figure 9, majority of the participants have moderate and mixed feelings on the
information about rainwater harvesting and able to apply it. 21% agreed and 6% strongly
agreed they have acquired knowledge on the system and already applied it. The system is
simple and can be understand easily using Youtube, Facebook and Google.

Feedback from exit survey

Majority of the participants able to acquired knowledge on the free water resource, cleanliness
of rainwater, usage of rainwater, collecting rainwater using efficient knowledge and able to
solve the never end water shortage in their residential. The most important part is they
understand the rainwater harvesting system and able to apply it at their home after watching
videos, demonstration using model, and real-life rainwater system. They gave positive
feedback on the program held.

During Q&A session

Furthermore, they gave cooperation when the program held by give two-way communication.
The participants ask few questions regarding the rainwater harvesting and gave their opinions
on the system. They also gave recommendation to make an activity by installing the rainwater
system together at their public hall and mosque to encourage more people to install the
system.

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TASK 13: REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED

Introduction and demonstration of rainwater harvesting system is a program involving

the indigenous community. This program is designed to benefit the indigenous community
which the program in collaboration with industry partners UNESCO IHP Malaysia. These
activities include presentation sessions and information to the community about the rainwater
harvesting system. Besides that, rainwater harvesting model was built to display during the
presentation session with community and students to improve their understanding regarding
to application of rainwater harvesting system.

This program is carried out for two days, starting 25 July 2022 until 26 July 2022. This
program involves a total of 20 community members from Taman Desa Kemandol and 40
students from SK (A) Bukit Kemandol. Then, the entrance survey and exit survey are distribute
to community and students before and after the program to get the feedback of effectiveness
program to community and students. At the end of the session, the quiz was conducted to
identify the community and students understanding about the introduction and demonstrating
of rainwater harvesting system.

Refer to Figure 1 until Figure 10 in appendices, it shows the analysis data from the
entrance and exit survey that have been carried out before and after the session. From the
pie chart it shows the introduction and demonstration of rainwater harvesting system to
community and students help to improve their understanding and knowledge about harvesting
of rainwater. This feedback shows that this event achieves their expectation and they enjoy
the contents of the demonstration session.

This data also concluded that this event was success and meet the objectives to
increase the understanding of community and student about the potential of natural resources
such as rainwater which can be collected from roof via gutter, rainwater downpipe and can be
store in storage tank for non- portable uses. Before they attend the event, they do not know
about the cleanliness of rainwater and mostly not collect properly as they did not know the
potential of the rainwater to reduce the dependency toward water supply. Lastly, after
attending this event and understand how system of rainwater work, they able to apply it at
their home after watching videos, demonstration using model, and real-life rainwater system.

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 ACTION PLAN FOR THE ACTIVITIES

Activities 2022
21 25 5 9 12 16 20 26 30 6 13 20 25 26
Apr Apr May May May May May May May June June June June June
Meeting with supervisor
Present entrance and exit survey question

Presenting cost for module

Approval of program organization application

Approval from School

Approval from JAKOA

Get a list name of participants

Preparation of program book and arrangement of

the module
Completion of rainwater harvesting design

Preparation of rainwater harvesting model

Installation of rainwater harvesting at school

Opening Ceremony

Closing Ceremony

17
 REFERENCES

Abdul Rahman, H. (2021). Water Issues in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic

Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-
i8/10783
Lee, K. E., Mokhtar, M., Mohd Hanafiah, M., Abdul Halim, A., & Badusah, J. (2016).
Rainwater harvesting as an alternative water resource in Malaysia: Potential, policies
and development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 126, 218–222.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.060
Tarrass, F., & Benjelloun, M. (2012). The effects of water shortages on health and human
development. Perspectives in Public Health, 132(5), 240–244.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913910391040
Abdul Rahman, H. (2021). Water Issues in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic
Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-
i8/10783
Lani, N. H. M., Yusop, Z., & Syafiuddin, A. (2018). A review of rainwater harvesting in
Malaysia: Prospects and challenges. Water (Switzerland), 10(4), 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040506
Soedibyo. (2003). Maintenance of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) system in Malaysia. Teknik
Bendungan, 1–7.
Suster, D., Michal, M., Huang, H., Ronen, S., Springborn, S., Debiec-Rychter, M., Billings, S.
D., Goldblum, J. R., Rubin, B. P., Michal, M., Suster, S., & Mackinnon, A. C. (2020).
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma: an immunohistochemical and molecular
genetic study of 73 cases. In Modern Pathology (Vol. 33, Issue 12, pp. 2520–2533).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-0580-6

18
 APPENDICES

1 No knowledge
2 Less
3 Moderate
4 Good
5 Excellent

Figure 4: Entrance survey for Question 1 Figure 5: Exit survey for Question 1

Figure 6: Entrance survey for Question 2 Figure 7: Exit survey for Question 2

19
Figure 9: Entrance survey for Question 3 Figure 8: Exit e survey for Question 3

Figure 10: Entrance survey for Question 4 Figure 11: Exit survey for Question 4

Figure 12: Entrance survey for Question 5 Figure 13: Exit survey for Question 5

20
 LAPORAN IMPAK JALINAN KOMUNITI (PENARAFAN BINTANG)
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IMPACT (STAR RATING) REPORT

Notes:
No. Explanation
1. At the end of a project, successful applicant must deliver:
i. A final report in two formats:
a. Adobe Reader (.pdf)
b. Microsoft Word (.doc)
ii. a. Pictures or
b. Short videos of activities (2 minutes) copied in CD (if any).
2. A project has to achieve a minimum of three (3) Star CE Impact Rating in order to contribute to MyRA
performance. Thus, it needs to meet 3 minimum requirements:
i. The community should have a positive orientation towards the programme where the attendance
exceeds or equal to 80% from the targeted number of participants.
ii. A minimum of one (1) stakeholders’ involvement either Government Agencies, Industries, Civil
Society, NGOs, Learning Institutions, etc.).
a. Provide evidence that the community consider the programme relevant and needed.
b. Provide a formal university-community cooperation agreement.
iii. The participants exhibit the expected changes based on the objectives of the programme such as
change of attitude or increment of knowledge / skills or aspirations.
3. Additional requirements to achieve four (4) or five (5) Star CE Impact Rating:
i. The programme results in change of practice where the participants adopt the innovations that
were introduced (4 star).
ii. The community is empowered and independently able to sustain the practices that were introduced
through the programme without UTM’s assistance (5 star).
4. Please note that all information will be kept confidential and will ONLY be used for university reporting.

Instruction:
1. Please fill in all required information in table A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I.
2. Please note that evidence such as participant attendance list, interview question, questionnaire, video, SMS /media
social comment/ phone screenshot etc. are required for every rating level

A
PROGRAMME AREA OF
EXPERTISE
Please tick (√) ONLY ONE
area of expertise in the
space provided.
* CE areas of expertise are
extracted from Minister of
Higher Education - UCTC
Award
FOCUS AREA
You may tick (√) more than 1
focus area.
PROJECT / PROGRAMME AREA OF EXPERTISE
Environmental Development
Health
ICT & Technology
Entrepreneurial
/ Education
Risk Management & Disaster Assistance
Preserve Heritage and Culture
Sports and Recreation
Social Welfare
Rural Development
Edu-Tourism
Art & Design
Others (Please specify):
Capacity Building
Social Entrepreneurship
Improving Livelihood
/ Environmental Sustainability
/ Education Enhancement
Others (Please specify):
B BASIC INFORMATION

1 PROGRAMME TITLE WATER FOR INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

2 PROGRAMME ID. ECC589 (ENGINEERS IN SOCIETY)

(Relate the current programme / activities to the research has been done previously)

RELATED RESEARCH Research Name :

3
PROJECT NO.
Project No.:

PERIOD OF PROJECT
4 Start End Duration
EXECUTION 5 APRIL 2022 26 JUNE 2020 3 MONTHS
Date: Date by Month:
PERKAMPUNGAN ORANG ASLI TAMAN DESA KEMANDOL, KUALA LANGAT,
5 LOCATION
SELANGOR.

C PROJECT COMMITTEE
PROJECT LEADER’S
6 TS. DR. JANMAIZATULRIAH BINTI JANI
NAME
7 STAFF NO. 151302
8 POSITION SENIOR LECTURER
9 FACULTY / DEPT / PTJ SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UITM SHAH ALAM
10 MOBILE NO. 012-6468224 E-MAIL ADDRESS: janmaizatulriah@uitm.edu.my

Name / Staff No. PTJ / Faculty / Institution

PROJECT MEMBERS’
NAMES (List the names, 1. AHMAD SAUFI BIN JAMALUDIN 1. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
title, faculty; multi-disciplinary 2. NUR AMIRA SHABILA BINTI IBRAHIM 2. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
and institutional members) 3. NURUL NATASYA BINTI AZMAN 3. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
11
4. NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHD FADZLI 4. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
*If the project has more than 5. 5.
8 members, please attach a 6. 6.
separate committee list. 7. 7.
8. 8.

D PROJECT BASIC INFORMATION

PROJECT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
12 (Overview of the project /
programme – maximum 300
words, in Arial font size 9 pt.)
The aim of this program is to solve the water shortages problem in Taman Desa
Kemandol, Kuala Langat, Selangor. This program was held for two days, 25 June
2022 – 26 June 2022 in Taman Desa Kemandol involving 20 community members
and 10 students from SK Bukit Kemandol. The program also has been collaboration
with external agency from industry, UNESCO-IHP Malaysia. A talk and video
demonstration has been conducted on rainwater harvesting system to give them
understanding on the application of rainwater harvesting system and the benefits of
it.

1. Expose and introduce the community regarding the rainwater harvesting system
OBJECTIVE as an alternative water resources.
13 Specify the objectives; 2. Help the community use rainwater more effectively and solve water problems in
minimum 3. the area.
3. Creating a community that contributes to the development of green technology and
environmental sustainability
 JUSTIFICATION
i) Provide a justification on
the needs to conduct the Water shortages are frequently occurred in that area. The community in Taman Desa
programme. Kemandol is using water from the pond for sanitation purposes which can expose
14 ii) Specify the intellectual / them to preventable health risks. The awareness on the use of rain water as an
physical / energy resources of alternative water source need to be exposed to tackling the issue of water scarcity
the university to solve the and for the community just not depending to domestic water resource only.
problem faced by the
community.
1. Face-to-face programme
2. Entrance survey
METHOD
3. Video explanation
Research design, sampling
15 4. Demonstration using mini model
technique, instrument,
5. Quiz
analysis technique.
6. Exit survey

ACTIVITY 1. Meeting with team members and advisor

Identify / Plan / Implement / 2. Site visit
Evaluate. 3. Meeting with school and community representative
Example : 4. Conduct the programme
16
1. Meeting with stakeholders
2. Site visit
3. Conduct the programme /
lab

E STAKEHODER / COMMUNITY INFORMATION

TARGETED PARTICIPANT
who they are / why they are chosen /
number of people involved.
1. Students from SK Bukit Kemandol (40 participants)
17 Example:
2. Community from Taman Desa Kemandol (20 participants)
1. SPM students or youth aged 16-26
2. Focus group: SPM students; 200
participants

Stakeholder
UiTM student 4

UiTM Staff 1 Government Agency

ACTUAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS
18
INVOLVED DURING THE PROGRAMME
Community 60 Industry 1

Learning
NGO
Institution

COLLABORATIVE PARTNER (multi-stakeholders)

i. List the collaborative partners and their roles
ii. State approximate value of collaboration partners’ contribution in Ringgit Malaysia (RM).
iii. Provide evidence such as contribution letter, bank transfer, cheque etc.
Contribution (RM) *
Name of Collaborative Partner Equipme
In kind Gift Monetary Facility Others
nt

19 Government Agency: eg: FELDA unesco ihp - rm20K

Industry: eg: IOI PROPERTIES

Civil Society : eg : PPRT Ayer Panas

University/ Learning Institution: eg :
uitm= pa system
UiTM
NGO: eg : Persatuan Pustaka Jalanan
 Total Project Cost (RM)

F PROGRAMME ASSESSMENT

20 Analysis based on questionnaire / observation / interview (before and after the programme is conducted)

BEFORE AFTER
 The community consider the programme relevant &  An assessment is carried out right after the programme
needed. is conducted.
 A formal university-community cooperation agreement  The participants exhibit the expected changes based
exists. on the objectives of the programme such as change of
attitude or increment of knowledge / skills / aspirations.

Through the entrance survey: Through the exit survey:

1. The participants are not aware about the water
shortage problems and use the water from the pond
for sanitation purposes
2. The participants lack of knowledge about the
importance and use of rainwater harvesting system
1. The water shortage problems can be solved and
educate how to conserve water wisely
2. The participants have an awareness on the
importance of conserving water resource

PROJECT OUTCOME
Example*:
i. Facility / Tools / Equipment / Machinery / System 1. Installing a rainwater harvesting system at school
invented for the community 2. Exposing UiTM students to conduct a programme
21
ii. MOU / MOA / LOI / IP that give benefits to the community and give
iii. Award experience to collaborate with industry agency.
(*Please provide evidence for the project outcome)

IMPACT OF THE PROGRAMME

Indicate the project's impact on / or:

i. The community, the students and the lecturers

involved. 1. Students was able to apply the knowledge that
ii. The number of beneficiaries directly/indirectly have been learn into real life situation
22 involved. 2. Improve students’ problem- solving skills
iii. The frequency of yield 3. Community was aware to the problems
iv. Time frame for yield output encountered and the importance of the system
v. Monetary output
vi. Economic benefits due to the change
vii. Impact to the community

1. The community can apply the knowledge that was

introduced through the programme.
SUSTAINABILITY VALUE FOR THE COMMUNITY
2. The community understand the actions that should
Provide evidence for the following:
be implemented after the programme and apply in
i. the community can independently sustain the practice
their life.
that was introduced through the programme.
ii. benefit the community who continue the practice /
23
change and improve their well-being (after 3 / 6 / 8 /
12 months of programme completion)
iii. the potential to replicate project to other interested
community.
G COMMUNITY TRANSFORMATION IMPACT STAR RATING FORM
(This Impact evaluation of the programme has to be done at the end of the programme)
RATING LEVEL
1 STAR RATING (Programme Acceptance)
 The community has a positive orientation towards the programme.
An attendance exceed or equal to 80%
*Evidence Star rating 1: Attendance List

Targeted attendance 60 people

Actual attendance 60 people
Percentage 100 %
2 STAR RATING (Meeting Community Needs)
 The community consider the programme relevant and needed.
 A formal university-community cooperation agreement exists.
Stakeholders generally agree to the implementation of the programme.
*Evidence Star rating 2: Questionnaire / Interview Questions

Number of participants who indicated that the programme is needed 60 people

___________
Total number of participants 60 people
___________
Percentage of participants indicating programme is needed 95 %
___________

3 STAR RATING (Knowledge, Aspiration, Skills or Attitude Change)

 The community action programme results in change in attitude/knowledge/skills or aspirations.

Participants exhibit a change in attitude, knowledge, skills and/or aspiration.

*Evidence Star rating 3: Interview transcription, Survey form & analysis

Number of participants who indicated they know the subject matter 50

___________ people
Number of participants who responded positively to the change ___________
40 people
Number of participants who showed they have acquired the desired skills 30
___________ people
Number of participants who wanted to adopt the innovation ___________
30 people
Total number of participants ___________
60 people
Average Percentage of Change ___________
67 %

4 STAR RATING (Adoption of Change)

 The community programme results in a change of practice.

Participants adopted the innovations that were introduced

*Evidence Star rating 4: Interview transcription, observation checklist &
analysis
40
___________ people
Number of participants who adopted the change ___________
60 people
Total number of participants ___________
67 %
Percentage of change adoption

5 STAR RATING (Sustainability)

The community is empowered and can independently sustain the practice that
was introduced through the programme.
Participants continue to practice innovations without UTM’s assistance
*Evidence Star rating 5: Report, observation checklist & analysis

Number of participants who continue to practice change 40

___________ people
Number of participants who received economic benefits due to change 60
___________ people
Number of participants who have improved their well-being ___________
60 people
Total number of participants ___________
60 people
Percentage of participants who continue to practice change ___________
67 %
Percentage of participants received economic benefits due to change ___________
100 %
Percentage of participants who have improved their well-being ___________
100 %
Average Percentage of sustainability ___________
100 %
 H PROJECT LEADER DECLARATION

I have duly completed this form and attached the relevant supporting documents:

Please tick (√ ) the box and circle relevant document.

1 Programme Impact in the form of:
/ Star Rating 1: Attendance List
/ Star Rating 2: Questionnaire / Interview Questions
/ Star Rating 3: Survey Form, Interviews Transcription & analysis
Star Rating 4: Observation Checklist, Interview Transcription & analysis
Star Rating 5: Report, Observation Checklist & analysis
2 Media coverage / Publication in the form of:
Newspaper articles, Magazine,
Media links / blogs / Web page / Facebook
Brochures / pamphlet
3 Contribution / Funding
RM - Copy of Bank Slip / Cheque/ EFT
Letter / Note / E-mail indicating the contribution in the form of In kind / Gift / Facilities / Equipment
4 Collaborative Partners:
MOA / MOU / LOI / LOC
Invitation Email / Letter / Certificate of Appreciation / Thank you letter
5 Additional Documents
Photographs before, during and after the implementation of the Community Programmes
End Report of the project / activities
URL of a short video of footage before and after the implementation of project / activities (maximum 2
minutes) (not compulsory)

I hereby declare that the information and documents provided are true and correct.

Date: ______9 JULY 2022_____________ Signature: ________________________________

Stamp :

I DEAN/ DEPUTY DEAN (RESEARCH & INNOVATION)

This project has achieved at least 80% rating for dimension:

3: Knowledge, Aspiration, Skills or

1: Programme Acceptance 2: Meeting Community Needs
Attitude Change

4: Adoption of Change 5: Sustainability

I hereby verify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.

Name: __________________________________

Date: _________________________ Signature: ________________________________

Stamp :
J MyRA SECRETARIAT APPROVAL

Overall score:

Review:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Date: _________________________ Signature: ______________________________

Stamp: