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Từ quan hệ Chức năng Ví dụ

- thay cho danh từ chỉ người The man who saw the accident
Who
- làm chủ ngữ yesterday is my neighbor.
- thay cho danh từ chỉ người The man whom I talked to yesterday is
- làm tân ngữ John.
Whom - đi sau các từ chỉ số lượng I have three brothers, one of whom is
(some, none, half, one, studying abroad.
two…) + of (thay cho người)
- thay cho danh từ chỉ đồ The horse which I recently bought is from
vật, con vật, sự vật Sa Pa.
- làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ
- thay cho mệnh đề Burning coal is the main source of carbon
Which dioxide emissions, which can cause global
warming.
- đi sau các từ chỉ số lượng I have three smart phones, two of which
(some, none, half, one, are my parents’ gifts.
two…) + of (thay cho vật)
- chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ The table whose legs are broken is mine.
Whose
người hoặc vật đứng trước
- chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ This is the dictionary, the cover of which
Of which
vật đứng trước has come off.
- có thể dùng thay who,
whom, which, đặc biệt
thường được dùng nhiều
hơn trong các trường hợp I don’t like the jacket that is hung over
sau: there.
That + all, same, any, the first,
the last, the very, the only
+ no one, nobody,
somebody, someone,
nothing, something,
anybody…
What = the thing that
Where = in/on/at/from… which
When = in/on/at… which
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II. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH vs MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH

MĐQHXĐ MĐQHKXĐ
VD We are students of a school which/that We are students of Yen Hoa
is called school, which
Yen Hoa. is in Cau Giay District.
Dâu phẩy  
Đại từ  
THAT
Chức Dùng để xác định đối tượng Dùng để bổ sung thông tin về đối
năng tượng
Dấu hiệu Thường được dùng sau:
nhận biết - tên riêng (VD: Mary, Paris…)
- danh từ duy nhất (VD: the earth,
the sun...)
- từ sở hữu (VD: my, mine,
Peter’s…)
- đại từ chỉ định: this, that, these,
those

III. LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: khi ĐTQH

- giữ chức năng tân ngữ
- trong MĐQHXĐ
- không đứng sau giới từ

MĐQH Có thể bỏ ĐTQH?

1. The man who saw the accident
yesterday is my neighbor.
2. Mr. Smith, whom I have known for 10
years, is a doctor.
3. An actor with whom Geldon had
worked contacted him.
4. The man whom I talked to yesterday is
John.

IV. RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

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Nhóm Đặc điểm Cách rút VD

gọn
Động từ trong - Bỏ ĐTQH There are two people who are
I MĐQH ở thể chủ - V  V_ing standing.
động => There are two people standing.
Động từ trong - Bỏ ĐTQH - Cuc Phuong is a national park,
MĐQH: - Bỏ “to be” which is 45 km from Ninh Binh
- là ĐT “to be” => Cuc Phuong is a national park, 45
- ở thể bị động km from Ninh Binh.
II
- We are studying in a school that
was founded 50 years ago.
=> We are studying in a school
founded 50 years ago.
MĐQH xuất hiện - Bỏ ĐTQH Yuri Gagarin is the first man who
sau: - V  to V traveled into space.
- the first, second, => Yuri Gagarin is the first man to
III
…, last travel into space.
- the only
- so sánh cao nhất

Exercise 1: Write all the relative pronouns possible to complete each sentence. Write Ø if
the sentence is correct without adding any.
1. We talk about the party ______________ Sarah wants to organize for my birthday.
2. To get to Frank's house, take the main road _________ bypasses the village.
3. The paintings _________ _Mr. Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000.
4. Mrs. Richmond, ________ is 42, has three children.
5. Don is a friend _____________ I stayed with in Australia.
6. She was probably the hardest working student _________ I've ever taught.
7. Stevenson is an architect _________ designs have won international praise.
8. The Roman coins, ____ a local farmer came across in a field, are now displayed in the National
Museum.
9. Dorothy said something ___________I couldn't hear clearly.
10. There was a little _______ we could do to help her.

Exercise 2: Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. Post office is a place……… you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and receive mail.
A. that B. which C. where D. on which
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2. Do you know the date……….we have to hand in the essay?

A. which B. in which C. on that D. when
3. My uncle……….. you met yesterday is a lawyer.
A. which B. who C. whose D. to whom
4. The council is in discussion with Lord Thomas,……….. land most of the village is built on.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
5. These adults,……….. come to my night class, are very eager to learn.
A. whose B. who C. that D. when
6. A home computer………….. an opportunity for convenient and efficient work at home.
A. provides B. to be providing C. which provides D. providing
7. She cycled from London to Glasgow, ………… is pretty good for a woman.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
8. Most folk songs are ballads………..have simple words and tell simple stories.
A. what B. when C. where D. that
9. I think the reason ………..we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
10. Children ……….. diets contain high levels of protein do better in examination.
A. who B. who C. whose D. X
11. My mother ……………. enjoys hill walking.
A. ,who is in her seventies, B. that is in her seventies
C. ,which is in her seventies D. who is in her seventies
12. Where is the house …………………?
A. where they are living B. which they are living
C. where they are living there D. where they are living in
13. She lives in the house ……………….
A. which has the red door B. has the red door
C. that with the red door D. with its red door
14. The computer, ….. memory capacity has just been upgraded, is among the latest
generations.
A. that B. whose C. of which D. which of
15. Thousands of people …………….along the roads watched the bicycle .racing.
A. to stand B. that stand C. standing D. stood
16. Did you see the opening ceremony ……………..on TV last night?
A. which showed B. showed C. showing D. shown
17. The boys are talking about the exciting match ………… on TV.
A. seeing B. they saw C. whom they saw D. to see
18. I am sorry but that book does not have the information …………..
A. I need B. whom I need C. needing D. to need
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19. Bill Gate, ………… is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionaire.

A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
20. Louis Renault greatly improved automobile technology……… the drive shaft in 1898.
A. by inventing B. that he invented C. his inventing D. the invention of
21. That beach is the place ………. the Asian Beach Games will be held.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
22. They are talking about …………. they are looking at.
A. David Beckham is picture B. David Beckham's picture
C. David Beckham, which picture D. David Beckham, whose picture
23. We get the news of the Games………….by communications satellite.
A. which send B. sending C. sent D. to send
24. The energy …………by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.
A. that is producing B. which produces C. producing D. produced
25. They are making an artificial lake ……….water for an area.
A. provided B. that provided C. to provide D. which is provide
26. Carbon dioxide is the gas ………..human beings and other animals exhale.
A. that B. to which C. to that D. of whom
27. The industrialized nations have promoted the waste of fossil fuels,…………..
greenhouse gas emissions.
A. increases B. to increase C. increase D. which increases
28. Lady Astor was the first woman………her seat in Parliament.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. who takes
29. She is the only one in the discussion ………….to using nuclear power.
A. objects B. objected C. to object D. whom objects
30. The old man ……….a black suit is a famous energy researcher.
A. to wear B. wearing C. whom is wearing D. is wearing.
31. Johnny was the last applicant ……….. for a position in that energy station.
A. to interview B. which is interviewed C. interviewing D. to be interviewed
32. Is there any oil for me………..?
A. using B. being used C. to be used D. to use
33. Thank you very much for your letter __ you told me a very interesting story of your holiday.
A. in which B. which C. on which D. at which
34. She was the first student ___ to answer the question ___ by the teacher.
A. to volunteer/raised B. volunteering/raised
C. to volunteer/ to raise D. volunteered/raised
35. The children need a larger garden ___ in.
A. playing B. to play C. play D. played
36. There were a lot of people ___ for her when she was back.
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A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. being waited

37. ....................instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview.
A John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone;
B. John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone.
C. John Robbins I spoke to by telephone,
D. John Robbins; whom I spoke to by telephone,
38. He was always coming up with new ideas, ............. were absolutely impracticable.
A. most of whom B. that C. most of which D. most of that
39. February is the month ..................many of my co/leagues take skiing holidays.
A. when B. that C. in that D. which
40. There was no one................
A. I could ask for help B. when I could ask for help
C. I could ask whom for help D. for that I could ask for help
41. The children were quite attracted by the tamer and his animals ......... were performing on
the stage.
A. that B. which C. whom D. It who
42. Is there anything else ................you want to ask?
A. what B. where C. whom D. that
43. I come from the Seattle area,................many successful companies such as Microsoft and
Boeing are located.
A. which B. that C. where D. whom
44. They have just visited the town .................. location was little known.
A. where B. whose C. which D. that.
45. ................one of the most creative artists in rock 'n roll, came from California
A. Frank Zappa, who was B. Frank Zappa was
C. Frank Zappa, that was D. Frank Zappa whom was
46. He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, ................was a stupid
thing to do.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
47. He lives in a small town................
A. where is called Taunton B. which is called Taunton
C. is called Taunton D. that called Taunton
48. The house................is more than 100 years old.
A. where I live B. in where I live C. in that I live D. where I live in
49 ................want to get a god job have to have certain qualifications and experience.
A. Who B. Those which C. Those who D. Those whom
50. Wild animals ............. in their natural habitat will have a better and longer life than those
which are kept in protected areas.
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A. live B. to live C. living D. lived

51. We should participate in the movement ..............to conserve the natural environment.
A. organized B. to organize C. organizing D. organize
52. Neil Armstrong was the first person ............. foot on the Moon.
A. set B. to set C. setting D. who sets
53. Tuna,.............., may weigh up to 1,000 pounds.
A. one of the sea giants B. can be giants of the sea
C. is the sea giant D. the sea of the giant
54. He was the only one ............................... for the position in the committee this morning.
A. chosen B. to choose C. to be chosen D. choosing
55. King Henry,................was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire.
A. daughter B. whom daughter C. which daughter D. whose daughter
56. I saw a lot of new people at the party, ............. seemed familiar.
A. some of whom B. some of who C. whom D. some of that
57. My friend eventually decided to quit her job, ............ upset me a lot.
A. that B. when C. which D. who
58. They have just found the couple and their car ............. were swept away during the heavy
storm last week.
A. that B. which C. whose D. when
59. It was the worst winter .................. anyone could remember.
A. when B. that C. where D. why
60. I would like to know the reason............. he decided to quit the job.
A. why B. which C. that D. when

Exercise 3. Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C, or D - that needs correcting and correct
it.
1. Power is energy, especially electricity, is obtained (A) in large quantities from a fuel source
(B) and used to operate lights (C), heating (D), and machinery.
2. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the river's flow and collect the water.
A B C D
3. Louisa May Alcoa, she (A) best known for her books (B) for children, served (C) as a nurse
during (D) the Civil War.
4. I went to a reunion for students educating in the physics department during the 1980s.
A B C D
5. Natural resources provide the raw material are needed to produce finished goods.
A B C D
6. Those of (A) you who signed up for (B) Dr. Daniel's anthropology class should get their (C)
books as soon as possible (D).
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7. Nowadays people are more aware (A) of the fact that (B) wildlife all over the world which (C)
is in danger (D).
8. Any country that (A) has to cope with (B) overpopulation, hunger, and poverty also that (C)
suffers from pollution (D).
9. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormous changes
A B
to the surface of the planet, where they are surviving and destroy.
C D
10. There is a threat of global warming, that comes from the results of Greenhouse effect.
A B C D
11. Our polluted (A) environment which (B) is the result of the overusing (C) of resources
and destroying (D) the wild.
12. Despite of a language barrier, humans have managed to communicate with others
A B C
through sign language, in which certain motions stand for letters, words, or ideas.
D
13. Radio stations at which broadcast only news first appeared in the 1970s.
A B C D
14. JKL Motorbikes sells six different models, the first which they started making in 1985.
A B C D
15. Visitors were (A) not permitted entering (B) the park after dark because of (C) the lack of
(D) security and lighting.
Exercise 4: Find the mistakes and correct. If they are already correct, write
1. He just said anything which came into his head.
2. Yesterday was the hottest day I can remember.
3. There isn't much can go wrong with the machine.
4. Thieves whom stole paintings from Not fort art gallery have been arrested in Paris.
5. It may be the most important decision which you will ever take.
6. The boy took the photograph was paid £100.
7. The South ham Chess Club, that has more than 50 members, meets -weekly on Friday
evenings.
8. The clock makes a noise what keeps me awake at night.
9. I heard many different accents in the room, but none which I could identify as British.
10. She is one of the kindest people who I know.