Organelle Location and Size Function

occurrence in the cell

Nucleus Usually one per cell in 10-20μm Contains the heredity material
cytoplasm (DNA) which codes for synthesis
of proteins in the cytoplasm

Nucleolus One to several in the 1-2μm Synthesises ribosomal RNA and

nucleus manufactures ribosomes

Rough endoplasmic Throughout cytoplasm Membranes about Transport of protein synthesised

reticulum (RER) 4nm thick, enclosing on ribosomes

Smooth In cytoplasm cisternae of varying Synthesis of lipids

endoplasmic diameter
reticulum (SER)

Ribosomes Attached on RER or 20-25nm Synthesises proteins destined for

free in cytoplasm secretion by exocytosis through
cell membrane

Golgi Body In cytoplasm Variable Synthesis of glycoproteins,

packaging, translating and
modification of proteins

Lysosomes In cytoplasm 100nm Digestion of unwanted materials

Mitochondria In cytoplasm, several to 1μm wide and up to Production of ATP from aerobic
thousands per cell 10μm in length respiration

Microtubules and Throughout cytoplasmm Microtubules 25nm Form cytoskeleton and allow
microfilaments in diameter, movement of cell organelles
microfilaments 7nm

Centrioles Pair, in cytoplasm, 0.5μ x 0.2μm Form the spindle fibres during cell
usually near nucleus division of animal and fungal cells

Cilia and flagella Surface of some animal Cilia 5-10μm in Movement of extracellular fluid
cells length, flagella (cilia) or whole cell (flagella)
100μm in length

Microvilli Small folds in the A few μm in length Increase surface area for
plasma membrane of absorption
some cells

Cell wall Cellulose layer Variable, sometimes Support the cell and maintain its
surrounding plant cells thickened by shape
additional materials

Chloroplast In cytoplasm of some 2-10μm in diameter Contains chlorophyll, site of

plant cells photosynthesis
 Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells

True nucleus surrounded by a nuclear No true nucleus

envelope

Linear DNA associated with histone Circular DNA not associated with proteins.
proteins forming true chromosomes Separate loops of DNA called plasmids

Cell wall, if present, made of cellulose Cell wall containing peptidoglycan

(plants and algae) or chitin (fungi

Endoplasmic reticulum present No endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane-bound organelles present No membrane bound organelles

Large (80S) ribosomes attached to Small (70S) ribosomes scattered in

endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm

If present, flagella have (9+2) arrangement If present, flagella are made of a single
of microtubules microtubule

Cells are large, typically 10-100μm Cells are small, typically 0.5-3μm in
diameter, some cells can be up to 400μm diameter.
Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats

Contains a single bond. Contains at least one double bond.

Not to be consumed more than 10 percent of Not to be consumed more than 30 percent of total
total calories per day. calories per day.

Excessive consumption leads to heart diseases. Good for consumption, but excessive may
increase cholesterol.

Increases low- density lipoproteins (LDL), which Increases High-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is
is called as bad cholesterol. commonly known as good cholesterol and also
reduce low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

Would not spoil quickly. Spoil quickly.

Foods sources of saturated fats are whole milk, Foods sources of unsaturated fats are walnuts,
butter, cheese, margarine, coconut oil, vegetable flax, avocado, sunflower oil, soybean oil, fish oil,
oil, meat, peanut, fried foods, etc. canola oil, red meat, etc.

High melting point. Low melting point.

Solid state in room temperature. Liquid state in room temperature