Wesleyan University-Philippines

John Wesley School of Law and Governance

1st Semester, AY 2023-2224

Course: Torts and Damages

Day and time: Wednesday, 5:30 – 7:30 p.m.
Units: Two (2)
Professor: Judge Emelita Miranda-Portillo
Email: emportillo@wesleyan.edu.ph

Course output

(1) There will be reporting/recitation every class, and it is expected that at the end of the course, students
will be able to intelligently discuss principles of torts and damages and their application to specific
situations.

(2) There will be mid-term and final exams.

(3) Students are to submit a compiled handwritten case digest of assigned cases.

Grading:

(1) Mid-term Exam: 30%

(2) Final Exam: 30%
(3) Recitation/Report: 30%
(4) Case Digest: 10%

Attendance:

Shall be checked only to determine whether a student has used up the maximum number of absences for the
entire semester. (ONLY THREE (3) ABSENCES ALLOWED).

References:

REPUBLIC Act No. 386, “Civil Code of the Philippines”2

Executive Order No. 209 “Family Code of the Philippines” [“Family Code”]
PINEDA, Torts and Damages
Revised Penal Code
Various Jurisprudence

I. General Considerations/ Conceptual Framework

1. Tort Defined
2. Kinds of Tort Liabilities
3. Philippine Tort Law
4. Purposes
5. Justifications
6. Persons who can sue and be sued:
Plaintiffs and Defendants
7. Remedies

II. Negligence
A. Statutory Basis and Requisites
1. Quasi-Delict
2. Delict
3. Contract - ARUCAN, JOHN ERWIN
4. Distinctions
 B. Concept of Negligence
1. Definition - AZARCON, LOVELY SHIELA
2. Test
3. Foreseeability - CATBAGAN, CARL CONRAD
4. Negligence is Conduct - CHUA, ALYSSA MAE
5. Calculation of Risk -CRUZ, MARIA ALMIGTHA
6. Circumstances to Consider - CRUZ, ARAMY & DE LEON ZYRENE (2)
7. Standard of Conduct - ESGUERRA, GAGELONIA & GARCIA (3)
8. Standard vs Specific Rules - HULIPAS, CEFERINO
9. Other Factors - LU GEENEX & MANLAPIG NESLYN (2)
10. Degrees of Diligence
11. Degrees of Negligence - MESANA LARRA MAE
12. Proof of Negligence
A. Burden of Proof - OLMO CHOLYNDA
B. Presumptions
c. Res Ipsa Loquitur - OROPESA LORENA

III. Affirmative Duties

1. Misfeasance and Nonfeasance - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
2. Duty to Rescue
3. Owners, Proprietors and Possessors - AZARCON LOVELY SHIELA
4. Employers and Employees - CATBAGAN CARL CONRAD

IV. Malpractice
1. Negligence of Health Care Professionals
A. Medical Malpractice - CHUA, CRUZ A. CRUZ M.A (3)
B. Liability of Hospitals - DE LEON ZYRENE
C. Nurses - ESGUERRA JOHN LOUIE
D. Pharmacists - GAGELONIA ANA KATRINA
E. Clinical Laboratories - GARCIA BON CHARLO
2. Negligence of Lawyers - HULIPAS CEFERINO
3. Accountants and Auditors - LU GEENEX

V. Negligence of Selected Business Organizations

1. Schools and Administrators
2. Banks - MANLAPIG NESLYN
3. Firearms Related Negligence
4. Resort and Swimming Pool Operators - MESANA LARRA MAE
5. Hotels
6. Theater
7. Electric Power Companies - OLMO CHOLYNDA
8. Building Contractors - OROPESA LORENA
9. Towage
10. Stevedoring - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
11. Common Carriers
VI. Defenses in Negligence Cases
A. Plaintiff’s Conduct
1. Plaintiff’s own Negligence as the Proximate Cause - AZARCON LOVELY
2. Contributory Negligence - CATBAGAN CARL CONRAD
3. Violation of Statute - CHUA ALYSSA MAE
4. Assumption of Risk - CRUZ A. & CRUZ M.A (2)
B. Fortuitous Event - DE LEON ZYRENE
C. Effect of Death of Defendant - ESGUERRA JOHN LOUIE
D. Prescription - GAGELONIA ANA KATRINA
E. Involuntariness
F. State of most significant relationship rule - GARCIA BON CHARLO
VII. Causation
1. Concept of Proximate Cause - HULIPAS CEF & LU GEENEX (2)
2. Test of Proximate Cause - MANLAPIG, MESANA & OLMO (3)
3. Efficient Intervening Cause - OROPESA LORENA
4. Contributory Negligence - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
5. Doctrine of Last Clear Chance - AZARCON LOVELY SHIELA
VIII. Human Relations: Intentional Torts
1. General Concepts - CATBAGAN CARL CONRAD
2. Abuse of Right - CHUA, CRUZ A. & CRUZ M.A (3)
3. Acts Contra Bonus Mores - DE LEON, ESGUERRA & GAGELONIA (3)
IX. Human Dignity
A. Privacy
1. Violation of Right to Privacy as Independent Tort - GARCIA, HULIPAS &
LU (3)
2. Standard Used in Determining Tort Liability
3. Classification of Torts Violation of the Right to Privacy
- NO. 2 & 3 MANLAPIG, MESANA, OLMO & OROPESA (4)
B. Interference with Family and other Relations - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
C. Vexation and Humiliation - AZARCON LOVELY & CATBAGAN CARL (2)
D. Sexual Harassment - CHUA, CRUZ A & CRUZ M.A (3)
X. Independent Civil Action
1. Articles 32, 33 and 34
ARTICLE 32 - DE LEON ZYRENE & ESGUERRA JOHN LOUIE (2)
ARTICLE 33- GAGELONIA, GARCIA, HULIPAS, LU & MANLAPIG (5)
ARTICLE 34- MESANA, OLMO & OROPESA (3)

XI. Civil Liability Arising from Delict

1. Basis of Liability
2. Persons Liable
3. Inclusions - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
4. Proximate Cause
5. Circumstances Affecting Liability - AZARCON LOVELY SHIELA
6. Extinction and Survival of Liability - CATBAGAN CARL CONRAD
7. Concurrence of Causes of Actions and Remedies - CHUA & CRUZ A. (2)
8. Prejudicial Question - CRUZ MARIA ALMIGTHA
XII. The Defendants
1. Concurrent Negligence - DE LEON, ZYRENE
2. Vicarious Liability - ESGUERRA, GAGELONIA, GARCIA, HULIPAS, LU,
MANLAPIG (6)
3. Spouses - MESANA LARRA MAE
4. State and Government Instrumentalities - OLMO CHO & OROPESA
LORENA(2)
XIII. Strict Liability
1. History
2. Animals
3. Falling Objects - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
4. Liability of Employers
5. Nuisance - AZARCON LOVELY SHIELA
6. Unjust Enrichment - CATBAGAN CARL CONRAD
XIV. Product and Service Liability
1. Product Liability Law - CHUA ALYSSA
2. Fraud or Misrepresentation - CRUZ ARAMY
3. Warranties - CRUZ MARIA ALMIGTHA
4. Negligence - DE LEON ZYRENE
5. Intentional Act: Physical Damage or Injury - ESGUERRA JOHN LOUIE
6. Delict -
7. Strict Liability - GAGELONIA ANA KATRINA & GARCIA BON CHARLO (2)
XV. Business Torts -
1. Non-Possessory Invasion - HULIPAS CEF
2. Interference with Contract - MANLAPIG NESLYN
3. Interference with Prospective Advantage - MESANA LARRA MAE
4. Unfair Competition and Restraint of Trade - OLMO CHOLYNDA
5. Securities Related Torts - OROPESA LORENA
XVI. Damages
1. Definition and Concept - ARUCAN JOHN ERWIN
2. Damnum Absque Injuria - AZARCON LOVELY
3. Kinds of Damages
4. Actual Damages - CATBAGAN, CHUA, CRUZ A., CRUZ M.A & DE LEON
(5)
 5. Mitigation of Liability - ESGUERRA JOHN LOUIE
6. Moral Damages - GAGELONIA, GARCIA, HULIPAS, LU (4)
7. Nominal Damages - MANLAPIG NESLYN
8. Temperate Damages - MESANA LARRA MAE
9. Liquidated Damages - OLMO CHOLYNDA
10. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
11. Fixed Amounts of Damages in Criminal Cases - OROPESA LORENA

Assigned Cases:
1.
Barredo v. Garcia G.R. No. 48006, July 8, 1942
2. Naguiat v. NLRC, March 13, 1997
3. NAPOCOR vs Ibrahim, February 28, 2015
4. Garcia v. Salvador G.R. No. 168512, March 20, 2007
5. Lucas v. Tuaño, G.R. No. 178763, April 21 2009
6. Cangco v. Manila Railroad, G.R. No. 12191. October 14, 1918
7. Elcano v. Hill G.R. No. L-24803, May 26, 1977
8. Baksh v. CA G.R. No. 97336. February 19, 1993.
9. Fores v. Miranda, G.R. No. L-12163, March 4, 1959
10. Consolidated Bank v. CA G.R. No. 138569, September 11, 2003
11. Air France v. Carrascoso G.R. No. L-21438, September 28, 1966
12. PSBA v. CA G.R. No.. 84698, February 4, 1992
13. Syquia v. CA G.R. No. 98695, January 27, 1993
14. Light Rail Transit v. Navidad, G.R. No. 145804. February 6, 2003
15. Jorge v. Sicam G.R. No. 159617, August 8, 2007
16. Far Eastern Shipping v. CA, G.R. No. 130068. October 1, 1998
17. PNR v. Brunty, G.R. No. 169891. November 2, 2006
18. PNR v. CA. G.R. No. 157658, 15 October 2007
19. Amedo v. Rio G.R. No. L-6870, May 24, 1954
20. Marinduque v. Workmen’s G.R. No. L-8110, June 30, 1956
21. Ilao- Oreta v. Ronquillo G.R. No. 172406, October 11, 2007
22. Picart v. Smith G.R. No. L-12219, March 15, 1918
23. Sicam v. Jorge G.R. No. 159617. August 8, 2007
24. Corinthian Gardens v. spouses Tanjangco G.R. No. 160795. June 27, 2008
25. Añonuevo v. CA G.R. No. 130003 20 October 2004
26. Heirs of Completo v. Albayda G.R. No. 172200. July 6, 2010
27. Pacis v. Morales G.R. No. 169467. February 25, 2010
28. Taylor v. Manila Railroad G.R. No. 4977 March 22, 1910
29. Jarco Marketing v. CA G.R. No. 129792. December 21, 1999
30. Ylarde v. Aquino G.R. No. L-33722. July 29, 1988
31. Far Eastern Shipping v. CA, G.R. No. 130068. October 1, 1998.
32. US v. Pineda G.R. No. L-12858. January 22, 1918
33. Mercury Drug v. De Leon G.R. No. 165622. October 17, 2008
34. Cruz v. CA G.R. No. 1224-15. November 18, 1997
35. Dela Torre v. Imbuido G.R. No. 192973 September 29, 2014
36. Casumpang v. Cortejo G.R. Nos.171127, 171217 & 171221 March 11, 2015
37. Borromeo v. Family Care Hospital, Inc. G.R. No. 191018 January 25, 2016
38. Tison v. Sps. Pomasin G.R. No. 173180 August 24, 2012
39. Sanitary Steam v. CA G.R. No. 119092 December 10, 1998
40. Añonuevo v. CA G.R. No. 130003 20 October 2004
41. Professional Services v. Agana G.R. No. 126297 January 31, 2007
42. Josefa v. Manila Electric Co. G.R. No. 182705 July 18, 2014
43. BJDC Construction v. Lanuzo G.R. No. 161151 March 24, 2014
44. Layugan v. IAC G.R. No. 73998 November 14, 1988
45. Tan v. Jam Transit G.R. No. 183198 November 25, 2009
46. DM Consunji v. CA G.R. No. 137873 April 20, 2001
47. Cruz v. CA G.R. No. 122445 November 18, 1997
48. Bernardo v. Legaspi G.R. No. 9308. December 23, 1914
49. PLDT v. CA G.R. No. 57079 September 29, 1989
50. Manila Electric v. Remoquillo G.R. No. L-8328. May 18, 1956
51. Cagayan II Electric Cooperative Inc v. Rapanan G.R. No. 199886 December 3, 2014
52. Ma-Ao Sugar v. CA G.R. No. 83491 August 27, 1990
53. Añonuevo v. CA G.R. No. 130003 20 October 2004
54. NPC v. Heirs of Casionan G.R. No. 165969, November 27, 2008
55. Spouses Vergara v. Sonkin G.R. No. 193659, June 15, 2015
56. Lambert v. Heirs of Ray Castillon G.R. No. 160709. February 23, 2005
57. PNR v. Brunty G.R. No. 169891 November 2, 2006
58. Genobiagon v. CA G.R. No. 40452. October 12, 1989
59. Sicam v. Jorge G.R. No. 159617 August 8, 2007
60. Afialda v. Hisole G.R. No. L-2075. November 29, 1949
61. Calalas v. CA G.R. No. 122039 May 31, 2000
62. Nikko Hotel v. Roberto Reyes G.R. No. 154259. February 28, 2005
63. Pantaleon v. American Express G.R. No. 174269. August 25, 2010
64. Kramer v. CA G.R. No. 83524. October 13, 1989
65. Bataclan v. Medina G.R. No. L-10126 October 22, 1957
66. Mercury Drug v. Baking G.R. No. 156037, May 25, 2007
67. Pilipinas Bank v. CA G.R. No. 105410. July 25, 1994
68. Far Eastern v. CA G.R. No. 130968. October 1, 1998
69. Ruks Konsult and Construction v. Adworld Sign G.R. No. 204866 January 21, 2015
70. Manila Electric v. Remoquillo G.R. No. L-8328 May 18, 1956
71. Gabeto v. Araneta G.R. No. 15674 October 17, 1921
72. ANECO v. Balen G.R. No. 173146 November 25, 2009
73. Phoenix Construction v. IAC G.R. No. L-65295 March 10, 1987
74. Glan v. IAC G.R. No. 70493. May 19, 1989
75. Canlas v. GA G.R. No. 112160 February 28, 2000
76. Lapanday v. Angala G.R. No. 153076 June 21, 2007
77. Phil. Bank of Commerce v. CA G.R. No. 97626 March 14, 1997
78. Consolidated Bank v. CA G.R. No. 138569 September 11, 2003
79. Bustamante v. CA G.R. No. 89880 February 6, 1991
80. Pantrangco v. Baesa G.R. Nos. 79051-51 November 14, 1989
81. Engada v. CA G.R. No. 140698 June 20, 2003
82. Libi v. IAC G.R. No. 10890 September 18, 1992
83. Tamargo v. CA G.R. No. 85044 June 3, 1992
84. Palisoc v. Brillantes G.R. No. L-29025 Octobet 4, 1971
85. Amadora v. CA G.R. No. L47745 April 15, 1988
86. Salvosa v. IAC G.R. No. 70458 October 5, 1988
87. St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos G.R. No. 143363 February 6, 2002
88. St. Joseph’s College v. Miranda, G.R. No. 182353, June 29, 2010
89. Phil Rabbit v. Phil American G.R. No. L-25142 March 25, 1975
90. Castilex v. Vasquez G.R. No. 132266 December 21, 1999
91. Spouses Jayme v. Apostol G.R. No. 163609, November 27, 2008
92. Professional Services v. Agenda, G.R. no. 126297, January 31, 2007
93. Casumpang v. Cortejo G.R. No. 171127, 171217 &171221 March 11, 2015
94. Mendoza v. Spouses Gomez G.R. No. 160110 June 18, 2014
95. R. Transport Corp v. Yu G.R. No. 174161 February 18, 2015
96. Laconsay v Berog y Caraos G.R. No. 188686 December 3, 2014
97. Castilex v. Vasquez G.R. No. 132266 December 21, 1999
98. Lampesa v. De Vera G.R. No. 155111, February 14, 2008
99. Mercury Drug v. Huang G.R. No. 172122 June 22, 2007
100. Child Learning Center v. Tagario G.R. No.150920 November 25, 2005
101. Mendoza v. Spouses Gomez G.R. No.160110 June 18, 2014
102. Meritt v. Government G.R. No. 11154 March 21, 1916
103. Rosete v. Auditor General G.R. No. L-1120 August 31, 1948
104. Fontanilla v. Maliaman G.R. No. 55963. December 1, 1989; G.R. Nos. 559637 30045.
February 27, 1991
105. Afiada v. Filsole G.R. no. L-2075 November 29, 1949
106. Vestil v. IAC G.R. No. 74431 November 6, 1989
107. Chapman v. Underwood G.R. No. 9010 March 28, 1914
108. Caedo v. yu Khe Thai G.R. no. L-20392 December 18, 1968
109. Guilatco v. Dagupan G.R. no. 61516 March 21, 1989
110. Quezon City v. Dacara G.R. No. 150304. June 15, 2005
111. Jimenez v. City of Manila G.R. No. 71049 May 29, 1987
112. Alarcon v. Alarcon G.R. No. L-15692 May 31, 1961
113. Pascual v. Ford Motor Company Phils. G.R. No.220667 January 27, 2016
114. Gilchrist v. Cuddy G.R. No. 9356 February 18, 1915
115. So Ping Bun v. CA G.R. no. 120554 September 21, 1999
116. Lagon v. CA G.R. no. 119107 March 18, 2005
117. Gov. Cordero, G.R. no. 164703. May 4, 2010
118. Inocencio v. Hospicio de San Jose G.R. No.201787 September 25, 2013
119. Globe Mackay v. CA G.R. No. 81262. August 25, 1989
120. Albenson v. CA G.R. no. 88694. January 11, 1993
121. Amonoy v. Gutierrez G.R. no. 140420. February 15, 2001
122. UE v. Jader G.R. No. 132344. February 17, 2000
123. Pantaleon v. American Express. Supra
124. California Clothing v. Quinones G.R. No.175822 October 23, 2013
125. Sesbreno v. CA G.R. No.160689 March 26, 2014
126. Wassmer v. Velez G.R. no. L-20089. December 26, 1964
127. Comsavings v. Sps Capistrano G.R. No.170942 August 28, 2013
128. Tanjanco v. CA G.R. No. L- 18630. December 17, 1966
129. Baksh v. CA G.R. No. 97336. February 19, 1993
130. MHP Garments v. CA G.R. No. 86720 September 2, 1994
131. Silahis v. Soluta G.R. No. 163087 February 20, 2006
132. Vinzons- Chato v. Fortune G.R. No. 141309. June 19, 2007 and December 23, 2008
133. Sesbreno v. CA G.R. No.160689 March 26, 2014
134. Pe v. Pe G.R. No. L-17396. May 30, 1962
135. Grand Union v. Espino G.R. No. L-48250 December 28, 1979
136. Carpio v. Valmonte G.R. No. 151866 September 9, 2004
137. Arafiles v. Phil Journalism G.R. No. 150256 March 25, 2004
138. MVRS v. islamic G.R. No. 135306. January 28, 2003
139. Yochengco v. Manila Chronicle G.R. No. 184315. November 25, 2009
140. Heirs of Simon v. Elvin Chan G.R. No. 157547. February 23, 2011
141. Consing v. People G.R. No.161075 July 15, 2013
142. Capuno v. Pepsi Cola G.R. No. L-19331, April 30, 1965
143. Corpuz v. Paje G.R. No. L-26737 July 31, 1969
144. Madeja v. Caro, G.R. No. L-51183, December 21, 1983
145. Bonite v. Zosa G.R. No. L-33772 June 20, 1988
146. Spouses Guanio v. Makati Shangri-la G.R. No. 190601. February 7, 2011
147. St. Louis v. CA G.R. No. L-46061. November 14, 1984
148. Gregorio v. CA G.R. No. 179799. September 11, 2009
149. Sps Hing v. Chiacuy G.R. No.179736 June 26, 2013
150. Custodio v. CA G.R. No. 116100 February 9, 1996
151. Gatchalian v. Delim G.R. No. 56487 October 21, 1991
152. Oceaneering Contractors v. Baretto G.R. No. 184215 February 9, 2011
153. People v. Sarcia, G.R. No. 169641 September 10, 2009
154. PNOC v. CA G.R. No. 107518 October 8, 1998
155. Llorente v Sandiganbayan G.R. No.85464 October 3, 1991
156. People v. Lopez, G.R. No. 188902 February 16, 2011
157. Pleyto v. Lomboy G.R. No. 148737 June 16, 2004
158. People v. Ibanez G.R. No.197813 September 25, 2013
159. People v. Astrologo G.R. 169873 June 8, 2007
160. People v. Apattad G.R. No. 193188 August 10, 2011
161. People v. Bañago G.R. No. 128384 June 29, 1999
162. People v. Bartolini G.R. No. 179498 August 3, 2010
163. Sweet Lines v CA G.R. No.L-46340 April 28, 1983
164. Ong v. Bognabal G.R. No.149140 September 12, 2006
165. Arco Pulp and Paper Co, Inc v. Lim G.R. No.206806 June 25, 201
166. Curso, G.R. No 157009, 17, March 2010
167. ABS – CBN v. CA, G.R. No. 128690, January 21, 1999
168. Filipinas Broadcasting v. Ago, G.R. No. 141994, January 17, 2005
169. Republic v. Tuvera G.R. No.148246 February 16, 2007
170. Crystal v. BPI, G.R. No. 172428, November 28, 2008
171. People v. Marquez G.R. No. 181440 April 13, 2011
172. Almeda v. Carino G.R. No. 152143 January 13, 2003
173. Areola v. CA G.R. No. 95641 September 22, 1994
174. PNOC v CA G.R. No.107518 October 8, 1998
175. Pleno v. CA G.R. No. 56505. May 9, 1988
176. Tan v. OMC Carriers G.R. No. 190521. January 12, 2011
177. People v. Gidoc G.R. No.185162 April 24, 2009
 178. Suatengco v. Reyes, G.R. No. 162729, December 17, 2008
179. HL Carlos v. Marina G.R. No.147614 January 29, 2004
180. Titan v. Uni-Field, G.R. No. 153874, March 1, 2007
181. PNB v. CA G.R. No. 100630. April 2, 1996
182. People v. Dalisay G.R. No. 188106. November 25, 2009
183. People v. Dadulla G.R. No. 172321. February 9, 201
184. Kapalaran Bus Line v. Coronado, G.R. No. 85331, Augut 25, 1989
185. Baliwag Transit v. CA, G.R. No. 116624, September 20, 1996
186. Munsayac v. De Lara, G.R. No. L-21151, June 26, 1968
187. Singapore Airlines v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 142305, December 10, 2003

1-11 Arucan, John Erwin

12-22 Azarcon, Lovely Shiela
23-33 Catbagan, Carl Conrad
34-44 Chua, Alyssa Mae
44-55 Cruz, Aramy
56-66 Cruz, Maria Almigtha
67-77 De Leon, Zyrene
78-90 Esguerra, John Louie
91-102 Gagelonia, Ana Katrina
103-114 Garcia Bon Charlo
115-126 Hulipas Ceferino Jr.
127-138 Lu, Geenex Aries
139-150 Manlapig, Neslyn
151-162 Mesana, Larra Mae
163-174 Olmo, Cholynda
175-187 Oropesa, Lorena