QUESTION 1

1.1 It allows us to describe and evaluate the objects, emotions and ideas we
experience. By using signs(words) we create, share and interpret meanings
about the world around us.

1.2 We use language to tell each other who we are and how we feel about each
other.
Language allows us to think about the past and anticipate the future.

1.3 An eminent British writer. Who expresses his concerns about how the
manipulation of language curtails our freedom of thought and expression.

1.4 -We use language to label and define: labelling means that we identify an
object, act or person by giving it a name so that we can talk about it.

1.5 -We use language to evaluate: evaluative language is any word or phrase that
judges the rightness or wrongness of an activity or behaviour words like ‘clever’,
‘stupid’, ‘wonderful’ etc.

-We use language to discuss things outside our immediate experience:

language enables us to talk about the past and the future, and to communicate
about people who are not present.

- We use language to entertain: we entertain ourselves and others by telling

jokes, doing crossword puzzles, watching movies and reading poetry and
novels.

-We use language to talk about language: using language to talk about
communication is called metacommunication and serves, for example to help us
judge our own communication skills.
QUESTION 2
2.1 self-concept can be described as everything that people think and feel about
themselves. It includes appearance, physical and mental capabilities, attitudes and
beliefs, strengths and weakness.

2.2 -The way we perceive ourselves depends to a large extent on how we believe
others see us.
-The link with others is communication, we become aware of how others see us
through their verbal and nonverbal communication.
-The more positive you feel about factors such as your physical appearance,
capabilities and the impression others have of you, the more positive your self-
concept and communication about yourself is.

2.3 -the physical self is the material body with its internal functions and outward
appearance.
-The emotional self, responding from the heart rather than the brain to a variety of
situations.
-The intellectual self, is associated with our mental processes and has to do with
problem-solving, reasoning and logical thinking.
-The moral self, consisting of our values, the principles we uphold and our ethical
beliefs.

2.4 -Decoding is that part of the process through which messages a taken into the
brain and made sense of.
-Integration refers to that part of the process during which the various bits of
information are put together.
-Memory is the storehouse of intrapersonal communication
-Schemata is the structure of thinking or ways of organizing information.
-Encoding is the final organization part of the process, in which meaning has been
assembled and signs arranged to produce meaningful communication.
2.5 -Values are the moral and ethical judgements we make about things that are
important to us, e.g. “world peace ought to be our highest goal.”
-Attitudes are learned reactions to a person or situation
-Beliefs, opinions and prejudices, beliefs are the building blocks of attitudes.
Opinions are based on preconceived ideas and not on our experiences. Prejudices
are extremely dangerous because they are very resistant to change and are
accompanied by strong emotional reactions.

QUESTIONS 3
3.1 He outlines the two types of interpersonal relationships: I-you relationships and I-
it relationships. The basis of human existence is that people are communicating
beings. Each of us is always in the process of communicating with the world by
making sense of situations in which we find ourselves in.

3.2- Initiating stage includes all the process we go through when we first come
together with other people, strangers or friends, either formally or informally.
-Experimenting stage, once communication has been initiated, we try to discover
something about the other person.
-Intensifying is when people achieve a relationship known as ‘close friends’ the
indicator of their relationship are intensified, albeit that they proceed with caution at
the outset.
-Integrating, the relationship has now reached a point where the two individual
personalities almost seem to fuse or coalesce. Often one partner will change political
or religious beliefs to create unity.
-Bonding is the institutionalism of the relationship.

3.3 To understand the difference between the two relationships, we must explain the
concepts of dialogue and monologue in interpersonal communication. A dialogue is a
conversation between two people in which both participants have the opportunity to
express themselves and interpret each other’s messages. A monologue, the
communicator is in a sense the only participants. The , he or she expresses his or
her point of view without taking into account the need of the recipient or giving him or
her the opportunity to respond.
3.4- Need for inclusion, the need for inclusion reflects a desire for social contact.
Schutz found that we need to be in the company of others and to establish and
maintain a feeling of mutual interest with them. Undersocial are people who prefer to
be left alone. Oversocial people are those who seek companionship of others.
-Need for affection, Schutz found that we all need opportunities to show affection for
others as well as to receive affection. This need is reflected in the development of
emotionally close relationships. Underpersonal people are those who value privacy
and seem to have little need for affection. Overpersonal people are those who have
a high need of close relationships.
-Need for control, is the desire the successfully manage and influence the events
and people around you and to allow others to establish that control. Abdicats are
people with a strong need to control. Autocrats are those who dominate others.

3.5