2nd Quarter Reviewer in Science

FORCE, MOTION, & ENERGY (ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM)

PHYSICS - is the natural science that studies matter. Its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through
space and time.

2 INVISIBLE FORCE FIELDS

ELECTRIC FIELD

 is the region of space around a charge where positive test change experiences a force.
 E=Fe/a
 + positive charge and – negative charge

MAGNETIC FIELD

 The region around a magnetic or a moving electric charge within which the force magnetism acts.
 North and south

AUDIO VISUAL

 Electronic media processing both a sound and a visual.

 Film production
 Business display
 Education innovation

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (EM WAVES)

 Waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field.
 Composed of oscillating magnetic and electric field.
 Produced by a charge that changes are direction to speed
 All transverse wave that propagates outward from source perpendicular to a direction of the waves travel.
 Creation of all EM waves begin with an oscillating changed particle, which creates an oscillating electric field
and magnetic fields
 Travel in free space at the speed of 3x10^8 m/s
ELECTRONS – changed particles that can produce electric magnetic fields.

TERMINOLOGIES
CREST – the section of the wave that rises above the undisturbed position.
THROUGH – the section of the wave that lies bellow the undisturbed position.
AMPLITUDE – the distance from the undisturbed position of medium to the top of the crest.
WAVE LENGTH – the distance between two adjacent corresponding locations of the wave train.
TRANSVERSE WAVE – is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular.
LONGITUDINAL WAVE – is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel.
PART OF THE WAVE
ELECTRICITY

 + and –
 Electric field, E caused by electric charges, stationary or in motion
 Like charges repel; unlike charges attract Electric charges can be isolated

Magnetism

 North and South

 Magnetic field, B caused by electric charges in motion
 Like poles repel; unlike poles attract Magnetic poles cannot be isolated

SEVEN TYPES OF EM WAVES IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

RADIO WAVES
•radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.
•they are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna.
•they are used to transmit sound and picture information over long distances.
•they are used to broadcast radio and television.

MICROWAVES
•microwaves have smaller wavelengths than radio waves.
•they are used in satellite communications, radar, television transmission and cooking.

INFRARED
•infrared radiation lies beyond red end of the visible light. it is emitted by all objects.
•our bodies radiate infrared and under the red camera or a night vision goggle, our images appear in a variety of
colors.

VISIBLE LIGHT
•light is the only EM wave that can be perceived by your eyes; hence it's obviously the most important for you to
observe the things around you.
•the greatest source of light on earth comes from the sun.
•visible light makes things able to be seen.

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
•further increase in temperature and energy of a body compared to the shortest wavelength of visible light falls
under the category of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
•this EM wave is produced by 20 every hot objects aside from the visible spectrum they emit, like the sun.

X-RAYS
•x-rays are more energetic region of the EM spectrum.
•this EM wave is discovered by Wilhelm roentgen.
•x-rays have shorter wavelength but carry higher energy than UV
•they are used to view inside bodies and objects.

GAMMA RAYS
•the last portion but definitely not the least in the EM spectrum is the gamma rays.
•they have the shortest wavelength but the highest frequency and energy of all EM waves.
•they are used in medicine for killing cancer cell through the process of radiotherapy.

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE THEORY

HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED - A physicist and chemist who discovered that the electric current in a wire can defect a
magnetized compass needle.

MICHAEL FARADAY (1791 - 1867) - Is probably best known for his discovery of electromagnetic induction.

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1867) -An English scientist who developed a scientific theory to better explain
electromagnetic waves.

HEINRICH HERTZ – a German physicist who applied maxwell’s theories to the production and reception of radio
waves.

ANDRE-MARIE AMPERE – made the revolutionary discovery that a wire carrying current can attract or repel another
wire next to it that’s also carrying electric current.

WILHELM GILBERT – discovered that earth was magnetic and theorized that electricity and magnetism are the same

WILHELM EDUARD WEBER – discover that the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic units equals the value of the
speed of light.

CHARLES AUGUSTIN DE COULOMB – developed coulomb’s law, which defined the electrostatic force of attraction
and repulsion.

ALBERT EISTEIN – formulated the concept of the photo electric effect.