Dur Malappuram

DISTRICT URBANISATION REPORT
MALAPPURAM
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DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING - GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

January 2011
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PREFACE
Planning is a prerequisite for effective development. Development becomes comprehensive when

growth centres are identified considering physical, social and economic variables of an area in an integrated
manner. This indicates that planning of villages and towns are to be complementary. Second Administrative
Reforms Commission (ARC) while interpreting the article 243 ZD of the Constitution of India states as
follows. “This, in other words, means that the development needs of the rural and urban areas should be
dealt with in an integrated manner and, therefore, the district plan, which is a plan for a large area
consisting of villages and towns, should take into account such factors as ‘spatial planning’, sharing of
‘physical and natural resources’, integrated development of infrastructure’ and ‘environmental
conservation’. All these are important, because the relationship between villages and towns is
complementary. One needs the other. Many functions that the towns perform as seats of industry, trade
and business and as providers of various services, including higher education, specialized health care
services, communication etc have an impact on the development and welfare of rural people. Similarly,
the orderly growth of the urban centre is dependent on the kind of organic linkage it establishes with its
rural hinterland”. Therefore a move of harmonizing urban and rural centres of an area can be said as a
move of planned urbanisation of the area.
In this context, it is relevant to mention the 74th Amendment Act of the Constitution of India, which
mandated the District Planning Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the district. As per
Article 243 ZD of the Constitution, the District Planning Committee (DPC) shall consolidate Panchayat/
Municipality Plans in the district and prepare draft development plan for the district as a whole. The
Constitution also specifies that while preparing draft development plan due regard shall be given to
matters of common interest between panchayats and municipalities including spatial planning, sharing of
water and other physical and natural resources, the integrated development of infrastructure and
environmental conservation. In this respect, the district of Kollam has conducted an important experiment
of preparation of an Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP) for the district. Through preparation of
IDDP, the District Planning Committee of Kollam has become the first ever DPC in the country to own a
District Development Plan as envisaged by the Constitution. This path-breaking venture has become a
model in participatory district planning in a spatial platform. The Plan was released during the international
conference on district planning held at Kollam in August 2009. The Plan is now sanctioned by Government
of Kerala. As per G.O (Rt) 354/04/LSGD dated 01.02.07, the State Government have extended the project to
the remaining districts in the state and the districts of Alappuzha, Thrissur, Idukki, Palakkad and Wayanad
were selected for extending the project in the first phase. However, even in these districts, preparation of
IDDP is yet to be completed.
Preparation of such a plan will surely need decisions and commitment at various levels due to the
multiplicity of agencies involved and the vast spectrum of aspects to be addressed. However, delay in
planning shall not affect development. Hence a step by step approach may be adopted in planning.
Therefore, the Department of Town and Country Planning evolved a sequence of plan preparation at
district level, involving District Urbanisation Report (DUR), District Spatial Plan (DSP) and Integrated District
Development Plan (IDDP).
The District Urbanisation Report defines the future spatial structure of a district, which is formulated
by integrating hierarchy and activity pattern of urban and rural settlements and the connectivity between
them. The spatial structure of a district will act as a frame for the orderly development of urban centres
and their rural hinterland subsequently leading to a planned urbanisation.
The District Spatial Plan is a synergistic form of the District Urbanisation Report, since as a plan it is
congruent to a single unified physical design for the district through setting development goals and objectives
and formulating the development concept of the district. DSP will frame the general policies and strategies and
streamline directions of development of the district. The Development Directives of DSP is carved in the spatial
platform through the synthesis of findings of the analysis over the spatial structure based on secondary sources
of data. But it lacks the resource studies as co-ordination of various agencies remain as an uphill task.
The Integrated District Development Plan can be termed as the highest echelon of this series and manifest
all features of the draft district development plan as envisaged in Article 243ZD of the Constitution of India.
Democratisation of planning and translation of sectoral policies into spatial plans are the paramount qualities of
IDDP as against DSP. IDDP comprises of two components; a Perspective Plan for 15-20 years and an Execution Plan
for 5 years.
As said earlier, IDDP for Kollam District is already prepared under the leadership of the District Planning
Committee, Kollam with the involvement of all the Local Governments in the district and Special Technical
Advisory Committee for IDDP. The Department of Town and Country Planning gave technical support for Plan
preparation besides coordinating the entire process in the role of nodal agency.
Now, the Department has prepared District Spatial Plans for the districts of Thrissur and Palakkad and
District Urbanisation Reports for the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam,
Ernakulam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasaragod. The District Urbanisation Report
for Malappuram is one among the series.
I take this opportunity to appreciate the officials of the Malappuram District Office of the Department,
especially by Sri.V.K.Mohandas, Town Planner and Smt.Isha. P.A, Deputy Town Planner in the preparation of this
document. The State Project Cell for LDP-IDDP-SPP played anchor role in this regard, right from conceptualisation
to shaping the end product. The toolkits and customised computer applications developed by the State Project
Cell has enabled the district offices to accomplish the task in a time bound manner. I also appreciate the consistent
efforts of Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior Town Planner, Smt.Ushakumari.P.R, Town Planner, Sri. Baiju.K, Deputy Town
Planner and other officials of the State Project Cell. I also appreciate the officials of the circle headed by
Sri.G.Mohanan, Senior Town Planner for their efforts in vetting and finalising the District Urbanisation Report for
Malappuram.
This is a first step on the ladder leading to the draft development plan for the district as laid down in the
Constitution. It is hoped that the district of Malappuram will further extend the District Urbanisation Report into
Integrated District Development Plan for the district.
Certainly, the District Urbanisation Report for Malappuram will provide a framework for development as
well as future planning of the district.
Thiruvananthapuram Eapen Varughese

11- 02-2011 Chief Town Planner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The District Urbanisation Report, Malappuram district is prepared as part of the State Perspective Plan for
Kerala. In this connection, the level of urbanisation in the district, the functional character and hierarchy of
settlements etc are studied in detail and the probable future urban profile is derived. The future spatial struture
of the district is formulated through integrating hierarchy and activity pattern of settlements in the district and
the connectivity between them. In other words, the function and hierarchy of various settlements and the
required connectivity between settlements within the district is determined through deriving the spatial struture.
It is hoped that the District Urbanisation Report will pave way for the planned development of the district by
rendering the broad frame work for Planning and Development. The methodology for the study has been evolved
through a number of discussions and workshops and the same methodology is adopted for all districts in the
state for compatibility of results for comparison.
We have heavily relied on statistical data from various development departments. Their readiness to
share the data is gratefully acknowledged. Sri. Eapen Varughese, the Chief Town Planner and Sri. G. Mohanan,
Senior Town Planner gave necessary directions. The guidance and inspiration given by Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior
Town Planner, Smt. Ushakumari P.R, Town Planner and Sri. Baiju.K, Deputy Town Planner of the State Project Cell
is gratefully acknowledged without which this work would not have been possible. The other staff of the State
Project Cell also have been highly helpful in giving various inputs for the study.
Sri. K.M. Gopakumar and Sri. V.K. Mohandas contributed to the work as District Town Planners during the
currency of this project. The assistance offered by the statistical wing and Smt. Jamseera. C.P, Planning Assistant
is remarkable. The efforts put in by Sri. Saheer Poovanthodi, Town Planning Surveyor in the preparation of the
report needs special mention. All the staff of the District Town & Country Planning Office need to be specially
acknowledged for their keen participation in various stages without which this work would not have been
completed in the present form and time frame.
Malappuram Isha. P.A.

10-2-2011 Deputy Town Planner in charge of Town Planner
Town Planning Office, Malappuram,

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District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONTENTS iv
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Profile of the District

1.1 Administrative Divisions ................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Existing Functional Order of Settlements .......................................................................... 2
1.2 Area and Population .......................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Physiography .................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Physical Features .............................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Socio-Economic Aspects .................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Inference .......................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 2 History and Regional Linkages

2.1 Historical Background ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Regional Linkages
2.2.1 Regional Setting ................................................................................................................ 9
2.2.2 Connectivity .................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 3 Population
3.1 Population Size ................................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Growth of Population ...................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Population Density .......................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Sex Ratio ......................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Population Concentration Pattern ................................................................................... 12
3.6 Migration Details ............................................................................................................ 13
3.7 Population Projection (Trend Based) ............................................................................... 13
3.7.1 Inventory of Methods of Population Projection ................................................................ 13
3.7.2 Population Projection of Malappuram District ................................................................. 15
3.8 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 15
Chapter 4 Occupational Structure

4.1 Work Force of the District ............................................................................................... 17
4.2 Occupational Structure ................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Occupational Structure – Variation in Urban and Rural Areas ........................................... 19
4.4 Occupational Structure – Estimation of Nine fold Classification of 2001 ......................... 20
4.5 Spatial Distribution of the Major Classes of Workers ....................................................... 21
4.6 Activity Pattern Based on Occupational Structure ........................................................... 23
4.7 Occupational Structure – Temporal Variation .................................................................. 26
4.8 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 27
Chapter 5 Land Use

5.1 Land Use Pattern of Kerala State ..................................................................................... 29
5.2 Land Use Break up of the District .................................................................................... 29
5.3 Regional Land Use Study ................................................................................................. 31
5.4 Concentration Pattern of Land Use ................................................................................. 34
Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
v CONTENTS District Urbanisation Report -Malappuam
5.4.1 Agricultural Land Use ...................................................................................................... 34

5.4.2 Other Built Up Land Use ................................................................................................. 35
5.4.3 Forest Land Use .............................................................................................................. 36
5.4.4 Residential Land Use ...................................................................................................... 37
5.4.5 Residential / Agriculture Mixed Land Use ....................................................................... 38
5.4.6 Water Bodies .................................................................................................................. 38
5.4.7 Plantations ...................................................................................................................... 38
5.4.8 Marshy Land / Kole Land ................................................................................................. 39
5.4.9 Other Land Use ............................................................................................................... 39
5.5 Activity Zones Based on Land Use Concentration Pattern ............................................... 39
5.6 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 42
Chapter 6 Functional Character of Settlements

6.1 Character of Settlements ................................................................................................ 43
6.2 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 44
Chapter 7 Hierarchy of Settlements

7.1 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements ................................................................................... 45
7.2 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements
7.2.1 Suggested Hierarchy Of Settlements-Methodology Adopted ........................................... 46
7.2.2 Suggested Hierarchy Of Settlements-Procedure Adopted ................................................ 47
7.3 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 50
Chapter 8 Urban Profile

8.1 Trend of Urbanization – Kerala ........................................................................................ 51
8.2 Urban Areas in the District .............................................................................................. 52
8.3 Urban Population Content (Existing) ............................................................................... 52
8.4 Growth Rate of Urban Population .................................................................................... 52
8.5 Urban Settlements from 1971-2001................................................................................. 53
8.6 Future Urbanization Profile of the District ....................................................................... 54
8.7 Urban Vision 2021 .......................................................................................................... 58
8.8 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 58
Chapter 9 Activity Pattern

9.1 Description of Land Use Concentration ........................................................................... 59
9.2 Description of Future Urban Profile ................................................................................. 59
9.3 Description of Functional Classification .......................................................................... 59
9.4 Determination of Activity Pattern .................................................................................... 59
9.5 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 61
Chapter 10 Nodes
10.1 Nodes ............................................................................................................................. 63
10.2 Suggested Hierarchy of Nodes ........................................................................................ 65
10.3 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 66

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONTENTS vi
Chapter 11 Connectivity
11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 67
11.2 Road Network ................................................................................................................. 67
11.3 Rail Network ................................................................................................................... 67
11.4 Water Transport .............................................................................................................. 67
11.5 Air Transport ................................................................................................................... 68
11.6 Future Regional Road Network ........................................................................................ 69
11.7 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 72
Chapter 12 Spatial Structure

12.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 73
12.2 Activity Pattern ............................................................................................................... 74
12.3 Hierarchy of Settlements ................................................................................................. 74
12.4 Proposed Road Network .................................................................................................. 74
12.5 Formulation of Spatial Structure ...................................................................................... 75
12.6 Inference ........................................................................................................................ 76
Chapter 13 Summary of Findings .................................................................................................... 77

vii CONTENTS District Urbanisation Report -Malappuam
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters ........................................................................................ 1

Table 1.2 Block Panchayats and Their Head Quarters ....................................................................... 2
Table 1.3 Details of LSGs in Malappuram District ............................................................................. 2
Table 1.4 GSDP in Various Districts, 2008-09 .................................................................................... 7
Table 1.5 NSDP in Various Districts, 2003-04 .................................................................................... 7
Table 1.6 NSDP (At Factor Costs By Industry of Origin)-At Constant Price (Base Year 1999-00) -
Malappuram ..................................................................................................................... 8
Table 1.7 NSDP At Constant Price With Base Year2004-2005-Kerala ................................................ 8
Table 1.8 District-Wise Per Capita Income at Constant (1999-2000) Prices ...................................... 8
Table 3.1 District Wise Population and Growth Rate of Population - 1971-2001 ............................. 11
Table 3.2 Methods of Population Projection ................................................................................... 14
Table 3.3 Projected District Population-Decreasing Rate Method ................................................... 15
Table 3.4 Projected Population of the District - Apportionment Method ......................................... 15
Table 3.5 Final Projected Population Figures of the District ........................................................... 15
Table 4.1 Number of Workers in Malappuram District..................................................................... 18
Table 4.2 Workers Classification of Malappuram District 2001 ....................................................... 19
Table 4.3 Workers Classification 2001- Urban And Rural Areas......................................................... 19
Table 4.4 Activity Pattern Based on Occupational Structure ........................................................... 25
Table 4.5 Four Fold Classification of Workers ................................................................................. 26
Table 4.6 Numbers of Various Categories of Workers In Urban Areas of the District ....................... 27
Table 4.7 Numbers of Various Category of Workers In Rural Areas of the District ........................... 27
Table 5.1 Land Use Break-Up-Kerala State 2008 ............................................................................. 29
Table 5.2 Land Use Break up - Malappuram District ....................................................................... 31
Table 5.3 Comparison of Land Use Break Up of Malappuram District and Kerala State................... 31
Table 5.4 Land Use Break-Comparison With Neighbouring Districts ............................................... 32
Table 5.5 Grouping of Land Use Classifications .............................................................................. 40
Table 5.6 Criteria of Determination of Activity Zones Based on Land Use ...................................... 41
Table 5.7 Activity Zones of the District ........................................................................................... 41
Table 6.1 Functional Character of the LSGs of the District .............................................................. 43
Table 8.1 Population Figures (2001) of Kerala at a Glance ............................................................. 51
Table 8.2 Trends of Population Growth of Kerala - 1981-2001 ........................................................ 51
Table 8.3 Trends in Urbanisation of Kerala-1981-2001 ................................................................... 51
Table 8.4 District Wise Percentage of Urban Population ................................................................ 52
Table 8.5 Growth Rate of Urban Population-Comparison with State and Nation ............................. 53
Table 8.6 Urban Settlements From 1971-2001 ................................................................................ 53
Table 8.7 Future Urban Profile of the District ................................................................................. 56
Table 8.8 Urban Centres and their Proposed Hierarchy ................................................................... 58
Table 8.9 Changing Urban Profile of the District ............................................................................. 58
Table 9.1 Activity Pattern of the Settlements of the District ........................................................... 59

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONTENTS viii
10.1 Hierarchy of Nodes ......................................................................................................... 63

10.2 Proposed Hierarchy of Nodes .......................................................................................... 66
10.1 Important Connections Shown in the Conceptual Road Network ..................................... 70

ix CONTENTS District Urbanisation Report -Malappuam
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1.1 Location of Malappuram ................................................................................................... 1

Fig 1.2 Taluks in Malappuram District .......................................................................................... 1
Fig 1.3 Block Panchayats in Malappuram District ......................................................................... 2
Fig 1.4 Physiographical Divisions of the District ........................................................................... 4
Fig 1.5 Spatial Distribution of the Water Bodies of Malappuram District ...................................... 6
Fig 1.6 Temporal Variation of Sectoral Distribution of NSDP-Malappuram District ........................ 8
Fig 1.7 Temporal Variation of Sectoral Distribution of NSDP-Kerala State ...................................... 8
Fig 2.1 Regional Setting of Malappuram District ......................................................................... 10
Fig 2.2 Regional Linkages ........................................................................................................... 10
Fig 3.1 Rural-Urban Composition of Population-Malappuram District ......................................... 11
Fig 3.2 Rural-Urban Composition of Population Destiny-Malappuram District ............................ 12
Fig 3.3 Variation of Population Density ....................................................................................... 12
Fig 3.4 Population Concentration Pattern 2001 ........................................................................... 12
Fig 4.1 Work Participation Rate-Malappuram District 2001 ........................................................ 17
Fig 4.2 Main, Marginal and Non Workers Malappuram District 2001............................................ 17
Fig 4.3 Main Workers and Marginal Workers-Temporal Variation ................................................. 17
Fig 4.4 Nine Fold Classification of Workers-1991 Malappuram District ....................................... 18
Fig 4.5 Workers Classification 1991-Malappuram District ........................................................... 18
Fig 4.6 Classification of main Workers 2001-Malappuram District .............................................. 19
Fig 4.7 Classification of Workers in Urban Areas-Malappuram District-2001 .............................. 19
Fig 4.8 Classification of Workers in Rural Areas-Malappuram District-2001 ............................... 19
Fig 4.9 Nine Fold Classification of Workers 2001 ........................................................................ 20
Fig 4.10 Workers Classification 2001-Malappuram District ........................................................... 20
Fig 4.11 LSG Wise Distribution of Workers Based On 9 Fold Classification For 2001(Estimated) ... 21
Fig 4.12 LSG Wise Distribution of Workers (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) For 2001(Estimated) ..... 21
Fig 4.13 Variation of Concentration Index of Agricultural Labourers ............................................. 22
Fig 4.14 Variation of Concentration Index of Cultivators ............................................................... 22
Fig 4.15 Variation of Concentration Index of HH Industrial Workers .............................................. 22
Fig 4.16 Variation of Concentration Index of Other Workers ......................................................... 22
Fig 4.17 LSGs Wise Distribution of Primary Workers ..................................................................... 23
Fig 4.18 LSGs Wise Distribution of Secondary Workers ................................................................. 23
Fig 4.19 LSGs Wise Distribution of Tertiary Workers ..................................................................... 23
Fig 4.20 Activity Pattern Based on Occupational Structure ........................................................... 24
Fig 4.21 Variation in the Number of Different Category of Workers in Urban Areas ....................... 27
Fig 4.22 Variation in the Number of Different Category of Workers in Rural Areas ........................ 27
Fig 5.1 Land Use Breakup-Kerala State ....................................................................................... 29
Fig 5.2 Land Use Map-Malappuram District ................................................................................ 30
Fig 5.3 Percentage of Land Use Breakup-Malappuram District ................................................... 31
Fig 5.4 Comaparison of the Percentage Share of Forest Land Use of the State in Surrounding
District ............................................................................................................................ 32

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONTENTS x
Fig 5.5 Forest Land Use Comparison With Surrounding Districts ................................................. 32
Fig 5.6 Comparison of the Percentage Share of Land Marked as Marshy Land of the State in
Malappuram and Surrounding District ............................................................................. 32
Fig 5.7 Percentage Share of Marshy Land-Comparison With Surrounding Districts ..................... 32
Fig 5.8 Comparison of the Percentage Share of Residential Land Use in District of Kerala-
Malappuram and Surrounding Districts ........................................................................... 33
Fig 5.9 Comparison of Percentage Share of Residential Land Use in Malappuram & Surrounding
Districts .......................................................................................................................... 33
Fig 5.10 Comparison of Percentage Share of Agricultural Land Use of the State - Malappuram &
Surrounding Districts ....................................................................................................... 33
Fig 5.11 Percentage Share of Agriculture Land Use-Malappuram & Surrounding Districts ............ 33
Fig 5.12 Comparison of Population Land Use Malappuram & Surrounding Districts ...................... 33
Fig 5.13 Comparison of the Percentage Share of State Res/Agr Mix Land Use of the State in
Malappuram & Surrounding ............................................................................................ 34
Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res/Agr Mix Land Use in the Districts ...................................................... 34
Fig 5.15 Concentration Pattern of Agricultural Land Use .............................................................. 35
Fig 5.16 Variation of Concentration Index of Agricultural Land Use among LSGs of Malappuram
District ............................................................................................................................ 35
Fig 5.17 Concentration Pattern of Other built Up Land Use .......................................................... 35
Fig 5.18 Variation of concentration Index of Other Built up land Use among LSGs of Malappuram
District ............................................................................................................................ 36
Fig 5.19 Concentration Pattern of Forest Land Use in LSGs of Malappuram District ...................... 36
Fig 5.20 Variation of Concentration index of Forest Land Use Among LSGs of Malappuram District .... 37
Fig 5.21 Concentration Pattern of Residential Land Use ............................................................... 37
Fig 5.22 Variation of Concentration Index of Residential Land Use Among LSGs of Malappuram
District ............................................................................................................................ 37
Fig 5.23 Concentration Pattern of Res/Agri Mixed Land Use ......................................................... 38
Fig 5.24 Concentration Pattern of Water Body .............................................................................. 38
Fig 5.25 Concentration Pattern of Plantation Land Use ................................................................. 39
Fig 5.26 Concentration Pattern of Marshy Land / Kole Land Use .................................................. 39
Fig 5.27 Concentration Pattern of Other Land Use ........................................................................ 39
Fig 5.28 Concentration Pattern of Urban Land Use ....................................................................... 40
Fig 5.29 Concentration Pattern of Agricultural Land Use .............................................................. 40
Fig 5.30 Concentration Pattern of Forest Land Use ....................................................................... 40
Fig 5.31 Concentration Pattern of Plantation Land Use ................................................................. 41
Fig 5.32 Activity Zones Based On Land Use Concentration ........................................................... 41
Fig 6.1 Functional Classification of the LSGs of the District ........................................................ 44
Fig 7.1 CFI Vs Frequency Graph ................................................................................................... 45
Fig 7.2 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements ................................................................................... 46
Fig 7.3 Existing 1st and 2nd Order Settlements ............................................................................. 47
Fig 7.4 Existing Third Order Settlements ..................................................................................... 48
Fig 7.5 Proposed Third Order Settlements Based on Four Criteria ............................................... 48

xi CONTENTS District Urbanisation Report -Malappuam
Fig 7.6 Size of Service Area Polygone of 3rd Order Settlemets ..................................................... 49
Fig 7.7 Determination of 3rd Order Settlements-Hexagons Adjusted ............................................ 49
Fig 7.8 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements ................................................................................ 50
Fig 8.1 Urban Areas of the Malappuram District ......................................................................... 52
Fig 8.2 Decadal Variation of urban Population in the District ...................................................... 52
Fig 8.3 Comparison of Growth Rate of Urban and District Population ......................................... 53
Fig 8.4 Growth Rate of Population-LSG wise Variation ................................................................ 53
Fig 8.5 Future Urbanisation Profile 2021 ..................................................................................... 57
Fig 9.1 Activity Pattern of the Settlements of the District ........................................................... 61
Fig 10.1 Spatial Distribution of Nodes .......................................................................................... 65
Fig 10.2 Suggested Hierarchy of Nodes ........................................................................................ 65
Fig 11.1 Transportation Network (Existing)-Malappuram District .................................................. 68
Fig 11.2 Conceptual Road Network Based On Hierarchy of Settlements ....................................... 69
Fig 11.3 Proposed Regional Road Network ................................................................................... 72
Fig 12.1 Formulation of Spatial Structure ...................................................................................... 73
Fig 12.2 Activity Pattern - Malappuram District ............................................................................ 74
Fig 12.3 Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements - Malappuram District .............................................. 74
Fig 12.4 Proposed Road Network - Malappuram District ............................................................... 75
Fig 12.5 Formulation of Spatial Structure ...................................................................................... 75
Fig 12.6 Spatial Structure - Malappuram District........................................................................... 76

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONTENTS xii
ANNEXES
Annexe 1 Taluks and Villages in Malappuram District .................................................................... 79
Annexe 2 Population projection of Kerala ....................................................................................... 81
Annexe 3 Estimation of Nine fold classification of workers for 2001 ............................................... 83
Annexe 4 List of LSGs with CI of various land uses greater than one .............................................. 86
Annexe 5 Concentration index of Urban, Agriculture, Forest and Plantation land use ..................... 89
Annexe 6A Weightage of facilities .................................................................................................... 91
Annexe 6B Composite functional index (CFI) of settlements ............................................................. 92
Annexe 7 Existing hierarchy of settlements .................................................................................... 94
Annexe 8 Centrality and connectivity ............................................................................................. 96
Annexe 9 Determination of third order settlement from NE sub region ......................................... 102
Annexe 10 Deteremination of third order settlement from SE sub region ........................................ 102
Annexe 11 Suggested hierarchy of settlements .............................................................................. 103
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District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT 1
Chapter 1
PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
1.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
T he administration set up of the district is

comprised of Revenue Divisions, Taluks, Villages and
Desoms. There are two Revenue Divisions in the
district namely Perintalmanna and T irur. Ernad,
Perin talmanna , T irur, Ponnani, Ni lambu r and
Tirurangadi are the six taluks in the district and Manjeri,
Perintalmanna, Tirur, Ponnani, Nilambur, Tirurangadi
are the respective taluk headquarters. The district
comprises of 132 villages.The details are given in
Annexe 1.
Malappuram Fig 1.2: Taluks in Malappuram District

District Table 1.1: Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters
Sl.
N o. Talu k Talu k He ad Q u arte rs
1 Ern ad Manje ri
2 N ilam b u r N ilam b ur
3 P e rin talm an n a P e rin th alm ann a
4 Tiru r Tiru r
5 Tiru ran gad i Tiru rangad i
6 P on n an i P o n n an i
100 Grama Panchayats, 7 Municipalities, 15 Block
Panchayats and one District Panchayat are the local
self government institutions in the district.
The names of the block panchayats and the
Fig 1.1 Location of Malappuram block headquarters are listed in Table 1.2.

2 PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram
Table 1.2: Block Panchayats and their Head Quarters

Sl. N a m e o f B l o ck P o p u la tio n B l o ck H e a d N a m e o f t h e L S G w h e re B l o ck
N o. P a n ch a y a t 2001 q u a rt e rs H Q i s s itu a te d
1 A re e k o d e 243571 A re e k o d e A re e k o d e
2 K alikav u 196025 K alik av u K alik av u
3 K o n d o tty 267572 K o n d o tty K o n d o tty
4 K u t t i p p u ra m 240373 Th o zh u van n u r V a l a n ch e ri
5 M a l a p p u ra m 171168 V aliy an gad i M a l a p p u ra m M u n i ci p a l i t y
6 M an kad a 172107 R a m a p u ra m P u zh a k k a ttiri
7 N ilam b u r 169849 N ilam b u r N ilam b u r
8 P e ri n t a l m a n n a 259341 P e ri n t a l m a n n a P e ri n t a l m a n n a M u n i ci p a l i t y
9 P e ru m p a d a p p a 146437 P e ru m p a d a p p u P e ru m p a d a p p u
10 P on n an i 115541 Ed ap p al Ed ap p al
11 Tan u r 265928 Tan u r Tan u r
12 T i ru r 206842 T h e k k u m m u ri T i ru r M u n i ci p a l i t y
13 T i ru ra n g a d i 325403 Ch e m m ad T i ru ra n g a d i
14 V e n g a ra 221318 V e n gara V e n g a ra
15 W an d oor 215219 W an d o or W an d oor
T o t a l 3216694
1.1.1 Existing functional order of settlements

The name of local governments with their area
and grade in the district is shown below.
Table 1.3: Details of LSGs in Malappuram
District
Block
P ancha
Sl. Tal Are a in Grade of
yath/ N ame of LSG
No. uk Sq. km s LSG
Munici
pality
1 A re e kode 12.21 Spe cial
2 Che e kkode 23.96 First
3 Kavanoor 31.3 Third
Areekode
4 Kizhuparam ba 14.99 Third

5 Kuzhim anna 23.66 Third
6 Muthuvaloor 22.76 Third
Eranad
7 Pulpatta 30.12 Third

8 Urngattiri 76.09 Se cond
9 Che rukavu 16.87 Se cond
10 Kondotty 10.85 Se cond
Kondoty
11 N e diyiruppu 20.28 First

12 Pulikkal 27.95 First
13 V azhakkad 23.78 Se cond
Fig 1.3: Block Panchayats in Malappuram District 14 V azhayur 21.19 Se cond

15 Anakkayam 45.23 Second
Malappu
57 Munici Ponnani (M) 16.59 Third
ram
16 Morayur 24.57 Second pality
17 Pookkottur 20.63 Second 58 Alamcode 20.53 Third
Perumpadappa
18 Munici Malappuram (M) 33.61 Third
Ernad
59 Marancheri 20.47 Special

19 pality Manjeri (M) 53.06 First 60 Nannamukku 19.36 First
Ponnani
20 Edavanna 49.13 Special
Wandoor
61 Perumpadappa 15.02 First

21 Pandikkad 57.01 First 62 Veliyankode 15.21 Special
22 Trikkalangode 59.9 Second 63 Edappal 22.28 Special
Ponnani
23 Karuvarakundu 64.2 Special 64 Kalady 19.87 Third
24 Mambad 67.93 First 65 Tavanur 22.5 Special
Wandoor
25 Porur 34.86 Third 66 Vattamkulam 20.84 Special

26 Thiruvali 33.83 Third 67 Athavanad 26.77 Second
27 Thuvvur 31.38 First
kuttippuram
68 Edayoor 30.63 Second
28 Wandoor 59.45 Special 69 Irimbiliyam 24.06 Third
29 Munici Nilambur (M) 36.26 Newly 70 Kuttippuram 31.31 Special
pality formed 71 Marakkara 27.76 Second
Nilambur
30 Amarambalam 140.15 Special 72 Valanchery 21.9 Special

31 Chaliyar 124.28 Third 73 Malap Ponmala 21.6 Second
32 Chokkade 78.9 Special puram
33 Chungathara 155.69 Special 74 Munici Kottakkal (M) 20.43 Newly
Nilambur
34 Edakkara 55 First pality Tirur (M)

75 23.32 First
35 Kalikavu 61.3 Special
76 Cheriyamundam 11.26 Second
36 Karulai 131.31 Third
77 Kalpakancheri 16.25 Second
Tirur
37 Moothedam 52.24 Third

78 Niramaruthur 9.55 Special
38 Pothukal 54.38 Special
79 Ozhur 15.92 Second
Tanur
39 Vazhikkadavu 114.38 Special

80 Perumanna Clari 9.1 Special
40 Angadippuram 36.94 Special
81 Ponmundam 9.12 Special
41 Kodur 18.42 Second
82 Tanalur 15.12 Special
42 Koottilangadi 20.92 Third
83 Tanur 19.49 Special
Mankada
43 Kuruva 35.79 Second

84 Valavannur 15.28 Second
44 Makkaraparamba 11.17 Second
85 Mangalam 12.12 Special
45 Mankada 31.33 Third
46 Moorkkanad 30.55 Second 86 Purathur 24.8 Second
87 Talakkad 16.04 First
Perintalmanna
Tirur
47 Pulamanthole 32.1 First

48 Puzhakkattiri 22.69 First 88 Thirunavaya 19.58 Special
49 Munici Perintalmanna 34.41 Second 89 Triprangode 20.67 Third
pality (M) 90 Vettom 15.13 Special
50 Aliparamba 35.67 Third 91 Kondo Chelembra 15.81 Second
51 Edappatta 25.77 Third 92 ty Pallikkal 25.85 Second
Perintalmanna
Tirurangadi
52 Elamkulam 21.31 Second 93 Malap Oorakam 21.56 Second

53 Keezhattur 40.93 Second puram
54 Melattur 27.24 Second 94 Kannamangalam 28.27 Special
Tirurang
adi
55 Thazhekode 45.03 Second 95 Moonniyur 22.4 Special

56 Vettathur 35.84 First 96 Nannambra 18.35 Second
97 Parappanangadi 22.25 Special
Tirurangadi
98 Pe ruvallur 19 Special
99 Thenhippalam 16.19 Special
100 Tirurangadi 17.73 Special
101 V allikkunnu 25.14 First
Tirurangadi
102 A bdu Rahim an 14.83 First

N agar
103 Edarikode 15.28 Third
Vengara
104 Othukkungal 17.28 Third

105 Parappur 15.11 First
106 Thennala 10 Se cond Padinharekara Beach- Ponnani
107 V e ngara 18.66 Special
1.4 PHYSICAL FEATURES
1.2 AREA AND POPULATION a) Natural Sub-Divisions:
With a total area of 3550 sqkm Malappuram Similar to the other parts of the state,
district accounts for 9.13% of the geographical area of Malappuram district also consists of three natural divi-
Kerala state. With a total population of over 36 lakhs sions, low land, mid land and high land. The low land
(as per Census 2001), it has over 11.39% of total stretches along the seacoast, the midland in the cen-
population of state. Population density of Malappuram tral area and the highland region towards the eastern
district is 1021 persons/sq. km, which is above state and north eastern parts. Nilambur taluk lies completely
average (819 persons/sq. km) and is ranked 5th in the in the highland region, Eranad and Perinthalmanna
state as per census 2001. Taluks lie in the midland region and Ponnani Taluk lies
in the lowland region where as Tirur and Tirurangadi
1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY
Taluks lie both in lowland and midland regions.
View from Kottakunnu - Malappuram
As the name suggests, Malappuram is a district

with hilly terraced tract. The streams that meander
the hills reach the coconut fringed sea coast. The
topography of the district is highly undulating. It starts
from the hill tops covered with thick forests on the
east along the Nilgiris and gradually slopes down to
the valleys and the small hills, before finally ending
on the sandy flat of cocunut grooves in the west. The
sea coast of the district extents to 70 km. The major
forest area is concentrated in Nilambur and Wandoor
blocks and Melattur in the western ghats. Fig 1.4 Physiographical divisions of the district

The district level analysis of topography and re- forests in Malappuram district are classified under
lief reveals that about 18.48% of the area of the dis- evergreen and deciduous forests. Of these, 80% is
trict is in the low land region where as 44.93% of the deciduous and the rest is evergreen.
total area of the district lies in the mid lands region. The evergreen forests are found in the slope of
36.59% of the total area of the district is in the high Western Ghats and deciduous forests in the plain and
land region. Nilambur Taluk largely constitutes the the lower ghats slopes. Forests are located in
highland category. This taluk also covers the maxi- Amarambalam, Edakkara, Chungathara, Kalikavu,
mum forest area of the district and is characterized by Nilambur, Mampad, Urangattiri, Karuvarakundu and
very low density of population. Perakamanna areas of Nilambur taluk and Mankada,
b) Climate: Vettathur, Kariavattam and Arakkuparamba areas of
Perintalmanna taluk.
The district has more or less the same climatic
conditions prevalent elsewhere in the state, viz, dry The North- eastern portion of the district has
season from December to February, hot season from mountains and hills. The important hills of the district
are Vayut mala, Vellarimala, Chakkumala, Uroth mala
March to May, and the south west and north east mon-
and Pandallur hills.
soon from June to November. The southwest mon-
soon is usually very heavy and nearly 75 % of the an- Malappuram district is not rich in mineral wealth.
nual rains are received during this season. The climate Laterite stone, locally known as Vettukallu, is found
is generally hot and humid, the range of temperature abundantly in the midland areas. It is exploited
economically for construction work and hundreds of
varies between 20 ºC and 30ºC. The average annual
quarries cutting laterite stones are in operation, giving
rainfall is 2900mm.
employment to thousands in the region.
c) Forests and Mountains: d) Rivers:
Nilambur Teak forest Kadalundi River

The district has a total area of 3550 sq km The district is gifted with four important rivers of
comprising of 759 Sq km of forest area, out of which the state. They are Chaliyar, Kadalundipuzha,
325 Sq.km is reserve forest and 434 Sq km is vested Bharatapuzha and Tirurpuzha. Chaliyar stretches over a
forests. Forest area is concentrated in Nilambur and length of 169 kms, and originates from Illambaleri hills
Wandoor blocks and Melattur in the Western Ghats.The in Tami lnadu. Kadalundipuzha has a circuitous

6 PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Biyyam Kayal
Fig 1.5: Spatial Distribution of the water bodies of
Malappuram District
1.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
In the case of socio-economic aspects the
following parameters are analyzed.
 Literacy rate (1991 and 2001);

co u r s e o f 1 3 0 k m s a n d i s f o r m e d b y t h e
co n f l u e n ce o f tw o r i v e r s , th e Ol i p u z h a a n d  Share of Work force (1991 and 2001);
Veliyar. Bharatapuzha, the second longest river
in Kerala, flows along the southern border of  Gross State Domestic Product 2008-09
th e d i s t r i ct a n d d r a i n s i n to A r a b i a n S e a a t
P o n n a n i . T h o o th a p u z h a , a tr i b u ta r y o f  Net State Domestic Product (2008-09);and
Bharathappuzha originates from the silent val-
 Per capita Income (2009-10)
l e y, f l o w s t h r o u g h T h o o t h a , E l a m ku l a m ,
P u l a m a n th o l e , a n d j o i n s th e m a i n r i v e r a t a) Literacy Rate:
Pallipuram. T irurpuzha 48 kms long, originates As per 2001 census, Kerala is the most literate
from Athavanad hills in T irur Taluk, flows in a state in India having literacy rate of 90.92%. Inter-
south west course up to Thirunavaya, deviates district analysis within Kerala reveals that the
to en circl e T iru r town a nd flo ws sou th west highest literacy is recorded in Kottayam district
p a r a l l e l to th e s e a , u n ti l i t j o i n s th e (95.9%) and the lowest is in Palakkad district
Bharatapuzha near Ponnani Port. (84.3%). The literacy rate of Malappuram is 89.6%,
just below the state average. The district occupies
The Biyyam kayal and Veliyamkode kayal
9th position among the other districts with respect
near Ponnani are the important backwaters of
to rate of literacy.
the district. Biyyam kayal is an ideal picnic spot
b) Share of Workers:
where DTP C has arrang eme nts for boating.
Maniyar kayal, Valanchery kayal and Marenchery The Work Participation Rate (WPR) in Kerala
kayal, all in Ponnani taluk, are the other minor has increased from 34.75% to 35.93% from 1991 to
backwaters in the district. 2001. Malappuram district is having the lowest

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT 7
value of WPR (24.12%) as per the Census 2001. It domestic product was recorded in Wayanad district
has been showing a decreasing trend during the (Rs. 2440.12 crores). The GSDP of Malappuram district
past few decades, with WPR of 25.17% in 1981 and was Rs. 10303.48 crores, (7.62% of total GSDP of
24.87% in 1991. A considerable percentage of the State) in 2008-09 and is ranked 5 th in the state. The
male population is working abroad which is not details are given in Table 1.4.
accounted for in the census. Also, the number of d) Net State Domestic Product (NSDP)
female workers in the district is less compared to NSDP district wise distribution at factor cost
other districts. This may be the reason for the low shows that Ernakulam district continues to have
value of WPR. highest income at Rs. 9957.15 crores in 2003-04. While
c) Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP): lowest net domestic product was recorded in Wayanad
district (Rs. 1618.42 crores). The NSDP of Malappuram
During 2008-09 the contribution from primary,
district was Rs.5924.31 crores (7.51% of total NSDP of
secondary and tertiary sectors to the GSDP of state
State) in 2003-04 and is ranked 6th in the state. In the
at constant prices (1999-2000) constitutes 12.42%,
year 2008-09 the NSDP of the state has become
25.02% and 62.56% respectively. While analyzing the
144818.05 Crores, the corresponding figure for the
sectoral distribution of state income it is seen that
the contribution from primary sector is decreasing district being 9269.81 Crores
and tertiary sector is increasing. But secondary Table 1.5: NSDP in Various Districts, 2008-09
sector remains almost stagnant. GSDP district wise Sl. NSDP in Percentage
distribution at factor cost shows that Ernakulam No Name of District crores to total
1 Thiruvananthapuram 13129.55 10.90
district continues to have highest income of Rs.
2 Kollam 8818.36 7.32
19940.06 crores in 2008-09. While lowest gross 3 Pathanamthitta 4725.95 3.93
4 Alappuzha 7767.86 6.45
Table 1.4: GSDP in Various Districts, 2008-09
5 Kottayam 8429.48 7.00
N am e o f GSDP in P e rce n ta g e 6 Idukki 3796.53 3.15
Sl N o
D i s tri ct cro re s t o to ta l 7 Ernakulam 17646.7 14.66
T h iru v a n a n t 8 Thrissur 11968.61 9.94
1 14941.69 11.05% 9 Palakkad 9003.7 7.48
h a p u ra m
10 Malappuram 9269.81 7.70
2 K o ll a m 9974.42 7.38%
11 Kozhikode 10801.44 8.97
P a th a n a m t h 12 Wayanad 2170.64 1.80
3 5321.41 3.94%
i tt a 13 Kannur 8858.95 7.36
4 A lap p u zh a 8755.38 6.48% 14 Kasaragod 4016.48 3.34
5 K o tta y a m 9495 7.02% Total 120404.06
6 Id u k k i 4354.11 3.22% Table 1.6: NSDP (At factor costs by Industry of
7 E rn a k u la m 19940.06 14.75% Origin)-at Constant Price (Base year 1999-00)-
8 T h ri s s u r 13338.06 9.87%
Malappuram
9 P alak kad 10209.08 7.55%
10 M alap p u r am 10303.48 7.62% Primary Secondar Tertiary
11 K o z h ik o d e 11938.27 8.83% Year in lakhs y in lakhs in lakhs Total in lakhs
12 W ayanad 2440.12 1.80% 2005-06 146353 142880 447141 736374
13 K an n u r 9743.37 7.21% 2006-07 121595 162174 508760 792529
14 K a s a rg o d e 4448.04 3.29% 2007-08 116186 181166 571799 869151
To ta l 135202.49 2008-09 117332 201541 608108 926981
Source: Department of Economics & Statistics Source: Department of Economics & Statistics
Table 1.7: NSDP At Constant price with base e) Per Capita Income (PCI):
year 2004-2005-Kerala The per capita income of Malappuram has
increased from Rs. 16294/- in 2004 to Rs.18001/- in 2005
and to Rs 33783/- in 2009-10. But when compared to
Primary Secondar Tertiary Total in other districts it is the lowest, the state average in 2009-
Year in lakhs y in lakhs in lakhs lakhs 10 being Rs 52984/-
2005-06 1837492 2529366 7183128 11549986 Table 1.8: District-wisePer Capita
2006-07 1680597 2698859 8083010 12462466 Income at constant (1999-2000) Prices
2007-08 1668131 2920130 8986199 13574460 Grow th
2008-09 1647681 3079721 9754403 14481805 Sl.
District
2008- Ra 2009- Ra Rate
Source: Department of Economics & Statistics No 09(P ) nk 10(Q) nk ( % )2008-
09
Thiruvananth
100% 1 52266 3 57563 3 10.14
apuram
80% 2 K ollam 44914 10 48795 11 8.64
60.72 64.19 65.79 65.60
60% Pathanam thi
3 51752 4 56994 4 10.13
tta
40%
19.40 4 A lappuzha 48549 7 53535 6 10.27
20% 20.46 20.84 21.74
5 K ottayam 56190 2 61668 2 9.75
19.87 15.34 13.37 12.66
0% 6 Idukki 49705 6 51367 7 3.34
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 7 Ernakulam 71548 1 79553 1 11.19
8 Thrissur 51071 5 56087 5 9.82
Primary in % Secondary in % Tertiary in % 9 P alakkad 44769 11 49825 10 11.29
10 M alappuram 31900 14 33783 14 5.9
11 K ozhikode 46585 9 50389 9 8.16
Fig 1.6: Temporal variation of Sectoral Distribution of NSDP -
Malappuram District 12 W ayanad 40096 12 38341 13 -4.38
13 K annur 47808 8 50623 8 5.89
14 K asaragod 40013 13 44588 12 11.44
100%
STATE 48655 52984 8.9
80%
62.19 P - P rovis ional, Q - Q uic k E s tim ate
64.86 66.20 67.36
60%
P - Provisional, Q - Quick Estimate
40%
21.90 Source: Economic Review 2010
20% 21.66 21.51 21.27
15.91 13.49 12.29 11.38 1.6 INFERENCE
0%
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Malappuram is the district having the largest
number of local bodies in the state- 100 grama
Primary in % Secondary in % Tertiary in % panchayats and 7 municipalities. The physiography of
the district deserve special mention as it have all the
Fig 1.7: Temporal variation of Sectoral Distribution of NSDP - three divisions, namely high land in the eastern and
Kerala State
north eastern parts, mid land in the central area and
From the figure it is seen that the contribution the low land on the western side adjacent to the
from primary sector is decreasing both at the state Lakshadweep sea. The district has about 29% of its
level and district level and that from the teritiarysector geographical area as forest mainly seen in the eastern
increasing but the secondary sector is almost static part.
< CONTENTS > CHAPTER 2 >>

<< CHAPTER 1 < CONTENTS >
District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES 9
Chapter 2
HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The ancient history of the district is obscure.
During the Sangam period, the district formed part of
Chera Empire. The inscriptional evidence found at
the Triprangode temple indicates that Godaravi of the
Chera empire had his sway over this region. The rulers
Malappuram
District
of Ernad were the ancestors of Zamorins and the later
history of the district is interwoven with the history of
Zamorin rulers. Zamorin or Samuthiri originally
belonged to Nediyirippu in Ernad Taluk of the district,
before shifting his seat to Calicut. Zamorins later
conquered over Prappanad and Vettattunad (Tanur).
The war with the Valluvakonathiri ended in
establishing Zamorin’s superiority and gave him the
honour of presiding over the Mamangam, as the
During the rule of British, the Mappila out breaks
protector of Mamangam. By 1400 AD Zamorins
occurred. The Non-cooperation and Khilaphat
established control over the entire district.
movement during the struggle for independence also
The Mysorian invasion during the period 1766 have repercussions in the district (Reference : District
– 93 had political overturn in Malabar. Manjeri was the Census Hand book, Malappuram district 2001 ).
headquarters of Hyder Ali’s troop. Later in 1788, Tippu
2.2 REGIONAL LINKAGES
Sulthan descended in Kerala with large army and
established his authority in Malabar and made Feroke 2.2.1 Regional Setting
his Capital. But signing of treaty on SreeRangapattanam Malappuram district is situated in the Southern
in 1792 resulted in the collapse of Mysorian throne and part of Malabar Region of Kerala. The district is situated
the large tract of Malabar, which were under the between 10o 42’ and 11o 82’ North latitude and between
authority of Mysorians were ceded to the British. 75o 48’ and 76o 33’ in the east longitude. The total
Thereafter the district was under direct control of the extent of the district is 3550 sqkm, which is 9.13 % of
British and Zamorins were vested with the power to the total extent of the state. With regard to area,
administer over the region. In October 1798, the British Malappuram district ranks 3rd in the state. The district
East India Company assumed full control of the region is bounded on the north by Kozhikode and Wayanad
covered by the Zamorin. Thereafter British Collectors districts, east by Nilgris district of Tamil Nadu, and south
ruled Malabar, which included the present Malappuram by Palakkad and Thrissur districts and west by the
district. Arabean Sea.

10 HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
through the district. Kuttippuram, Tirur,

Parappanangadi, Angadippuram and Nilambur Road are
the important railway stations in the district. The
distances from the major centers of the state, viz.
Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode to Tirur, the
major railway station in the district are 373 km, 152 km
and 40 km respectively.
The Calicut international Air port, the only airport
in the Malabar region, located at Karippur in Pallikkal
Panchayat of the District give international connectivity.
It is situated at a distance of 22 km from the district
headquarters.
Fig 2.1: Regional setting of Malappuram District
Malappuram town, the headquarters of the

district is at a distance of 400km by road from the state
capital of Thiruvananthapuram. Kochi, the commercial
capital of the State is at a distance of 160 km from the
town and the distance to Kozhikode city, the commercial
center of Malabar region is 53 km.
Thrissur, Palakkad, Shornur and Guruvayoor are
the other major urban centers in the vicinity of the
town. Distances to these centers are 90 km, 90 km, 60
km and 70 km respectively.
2.2.2 Connectivity
The District‘s major regional linkages of National
importance are the Kochi - Mangalore NH 17 and
Palakkad - Kozhikode NH 213. The major state highways Fig 2.2: Regional Linkages
passing through the district are Perumpilavu –Nilambur,
Calicut-Nilambur-Gudallur, Tirur-malappuram and 2.3 INFERENCE
Parappanangadi-Malappuram. Malappuram has a rich history and cultural heri-
The district headquarters, Malappuram is not tage. The district is well connected to other parts of
situated on the rail network. But ‘Shornur –Mangalore’ the state and the country through three modes of trans-
and ‘Shornur – Nilambur Road’ railway lines are passing port, road, rail and air.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram POPULATION 11
Chapter 3
POPULATION
3.1 POPULATION SIZE 3.2 GROWTH OF POPULATION
The population of the district as per 2001 Census The population of the district showed tre-
is 36,25,471, with a break up of 17,54,576 males and mendous increase during 1961-’71 and thereafter the
18,70,895 females. The district has recorded the highest
growth rate has been steadily declining. During 1981-
population and highest rate of growth of population in ’91 the growth rate was the highest (28.87%) among
the state during the last two decades. The district the districts of the state which was more than double
having 9.13% of the total geographical area of the the growth rate of the state (14.32%). As per census
state accommodates 11.39% of the total population of 2001 the growth rate of the district is 17.10%,
the state. whereas growth rate exhibited by the rural and ur-
ban areas of the district are 16.20 % and 26.10% respec-
The district population is divided between rural tively.
and urban areas in the ratio of 9:1 in 2001 whereas it The variation of population among the districts
was 10:1 in 1991. Fig. 3.1 shows the rural- urban of Kerala and the decadal growth rate of population
composition of the district population. during 1971-2001 are shown in Table 3.1.
3.3 POPULATION DENSITY
Population density is one of the important indi-
ces of concentration of population. As per 2001 Cen-
sus, the overall density of population in the dis-
trict is 1021 persons per sq.km, ranking 5th in the state.
The usual trend of urban areas exhibiting high
density compared to the rural areas is true with the
district as well. As per 2001 Census, the average density
Source: Census of India
Fig 3.1: Rural- urban composition of population- of urban areas of the district is 1904 persons per sqkm
Malappuram district
Table 3.1 District wise Population and Growth rate of Population - 1971-2001
Sl. Are a PO PULATIO N GROW TH RA TE 1991-
No N am e of Districts/State (Sqkm ) 1971 1981 19 91 2001 197 1-81 1981-91 2001
1 Ka s a ra god 1992 - - 1071508 12040 78 - 22.78 12.3 7
2 Ka nnur 2966 22 35829 2803467 2251727 24089 56 25.39 16.63 6.9 8
3 W a ya na d 2131 4 13850 554026 672128 780 619 33.87 21.32 16.1 4
4 Kozhikode 2344 18 21734 2245265 2619941 28791 31 23.25 16.69 9.8 9
5 Malappuram 3550 18 56357 2402701 3096330 36254 71 29.43 28.87 17.0 9
6 Pa l a kka d 4480 16 85347 2044399 2382235 26174 82 21.3 16.52 9.8 8
7 Thris s ur 3032 21 28797 2439543 2737311 29742 32 14.6 12.2 8.6 6
8 Erna kula m 2407 21 63674 2535294 2817236 31057 98 17.18 11.12 10.2 4
9 I dukki 5019 7 65608 971636 1078066 11292 21 26.91 11.22 4.7 5
10 Kotta ya m 2203 15 39030 1697442 1828271 19536 46 10.29 7.71 6.8 6
11 Al a ppuzha 1414 21 25722 2350145 2001217 21091 60 10.56 7.28 5.3 9
12 Pa tha na mthi tta 2642 - - 1188332 12340 16 - 5.6 3.8 4
13 Kol la m 2491 24 12821 2813650 2407566 25852 08 16.61 10.68 7.3 8
14 Thi ruva na ntha pura m 2192 21 98606 2596112 2946650 32343 56 18.08 13.5 9.7 6
Ke rala State 38863 213 47375 25453680 29098518 31841 374 19.24 14.32 9.4 3

12 POPULATION District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
whereas the corresponding figure for rural areas is only 3.4 SEX RATIO
972 persons per sqkm. Fig. 3.2 shows the rural- urban
As per census 2001 the sex ratio of the district is
composition of population density of the district.
1066 (ie.1066 females for 1000 males) as against a state
figure of 1058. In 1991 also the district figure was
higher than that of the state, being 1053 and 1036 for
the district and state respectively. Since1981, the
district is witnessing a continuous increase in sex ratio.
Generally rural areas have higher proportion of
females than urban areas, the sex ratio for rural and
urban areas of the district being 1067 and 1061
Source: Census of India respectively in 2001.
Fig 3.2: Rural- urban composition of population density-
Malappuram district
3.5 POPULATION CONCENTRATION PATTERN
Among the municipal towns Ponnani
municipality has the highest density-3525 persons per The analysis of density of population in the LSGs
sqkm. Tirur municipality stands next, with a population of the district shows that 2/3rd of the total population
density of 3242 persons per sqkm. Fig 3.3 shows the of the district is concentrated in the low land and
variation of density among the LSGs of the district. mid land areas. This is presented in Fig 3.4.
Fig 3.3: Variation of Population Density Fig 3.4: Population Concentration Pattern 2001
Source: census 2001

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram POPULATION 13
3.6 MIGRATION DETAILS assuming that the same pattern of growth will continue
in the future, the present population is projected to
Malappuram district is one of the major
the desired future period.
contributors to the immigrant population in the
Middle East from the state. The occupational structure
There are different methods for projecting
of the district, the lowest rate of work participation
the population.
and the lowest per capita income indicate this, but no
clear cut data are available to substantiate this fact. 1. Arithmetic increase method
2. Geometric increase method
3.7 POPULATION PROJECTION 3. Incremental increase method
4. Changing rate of increase method (Decrease
The Population parameter serves as the base
rate of method)
in all the development endeavors. One of the
5. Graphical method
objectives of all sorts of planning is providing
6. Logistical curve method
maximum benefits for the maximum number of
7. Apportionment method
people. Estimate of future population is therefore
required for planners to visualize the future
In the arithmetic increase method, population is
development scenario which is resultant of the
assumed to be increasing at a constant rate. The average
current trends and differentials and consequences
increase in population is found out from the previous
of interventions made.
decades population data. This is added to the present
population to obtain the population in the succeeding
3.7.1 Inventory of Methods of Population Projection.
decade.
Population growth of an area depends on In the Geometrical increase method average of
number of births, number of deaths and numbers of the percentage increase in population over each
in migrants/out migrants over the time period taken decade is found out and the present total population
for population projection. If one can predict the exact is multiplied by this average percentage increase in
future values of all these factors, population population to find out the added population over the
projection of that area can be done very accurately.
present population in a decade.
The mathematical expression is as follows: Incremental increase method is a combination

P1 = P0 + B- D + I-O where P1 and P0 refer to the of the above two and gives the advantage of both the
size of population at the beginning and end of the time methods. In this method the average increase of
population per decade and the net incremental
period and B, D,I and O are the numbers of births,
increase of the population per decade are found out.
deaths, immigrants and out migrants respectively in
The net incremental increase in population is added to
the time period concerned.
the average increase of population to get the corrected
average increase of population and this figure is added
Practically this is very difficult. So understanding to the present population figures to get the future
the pattern of population growth in the past and population figures.

14 POPULATION District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
In the changing rate of increase method the The table analyses the suitability of each of the
percentage increase in population over each decade above methods.
and the average of the increase or decrease of net
percentage increase in population are found out. The Table 3.2: Methods of population projection
average of the increase or decrease in net percentage
Sl Methods Of
increase in population is added (or subtracted) to the
No Population Suitability
present decade’s percentage increase of population to
Projection
get the corrected increase of percentage of population
and with this the future population figures can be found 1 Arithmetic Suitable where increase in
Increase population is uniform and where
out.
method population growth is nearing
In the graphical method cities having conditions saturation level.
and characteristics similar to the city where future 2 Geometrical Suitable where percentage
population is to be estimated are selected. It is then Increase increase in population is uniform
assumed that the city under consideration will develop method and in old cities
as the selected similar cities have developed in the 3 Incremental This is modification of the above
past. This method has a logical back ground, and if increase two methods and gives correct
statistics of development of similar cities are available, method result where these two methods
quite precise and reliable results can be obtained. are suitable
4 Changing rate Most suitable when the rate of
Logistical curve method assumes that the
of increase increase in population goes on
population of a limited space follows the growth curve
method reducing
characteristics of living things provided birth, death and
migration within the limited space do not produce
5 Graphical Suitable when population data
extra ordinary changes. The curve is S shaped. P.F Methods and details of development
Verhulst has put forward a mathematical solution to pertaining to similar cities are
the curve. The population P at any time t from origin available
(t=0) with Po is the original population. 6 Logistical Suitable for any area where extra
curve method ordinary changes in death rate,
P = Ps / (1+ m. loge 1 (nt))
birth rate and migration are not
Where Ps = Saturation Population, m,n = constants
expected
Ps =2 PoP1P2 – P12 (P0+P1)/(P0 P2 – P12)
In the apportionment method, census 7 Apportionme Suitable for any area where extra
nt method ordinary changes in death rate,
population record is expressed as the percentage of
birth rate and migration are not
the population of the whole country. The ratio of the
expected
town population under consideration to the National
Population is calculated for the last three or four
decades. A graph is plotted between these ratios and From the above table it can be found that the
the time. The extension of the graph will give the ratio most suitable methods of population projection for
corresponding to the future years for which forecasting Malappuram are decreasing rate method, logistical
of the population are to be done. curve method and apportionment method.

District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram POPULATION 15
3.7.2 Population projection of Malappuram Table 3.4: Projected Population of the District
District
– Apportionment method
Decreasing rate method: Ratio of
The population growth rate of 2011 & 2021 are T otal population District
Change in
Year populati
calculated assuming that the same percentage of Malappur the ratio
on to
decrease in population growth prevails as that of 2001 Kerala
am Sate
for the succeeding two decades. Based on the x District
y y/x
population growth rate calculated, the population of 19 71 21347375 18 5636 2 0.087
19 81 25453680 24 0270 1 0.094 0.007
the district is projected for 2011 and 2021 and the same
19 91 29098518 30 9633 0 0.106 0.012
is shown in Table 3.3. 20 01 31841374 36 2547 1 0.114 0.007
20 11 33817196 41 0244 0 0.121 0.007
Table 3.3: Projected District Population – 20 21 35198589 45 3231 5 0.129 0.007
Decreasing rate method NB: Due to the non availability of data needed, the logistical
curve method is not attempted here.
T he projected total population by the two

Growth rate
Growth rate
% Decrease
population
Population
Population
methods differs slightly. The average of these two is

Total
Year
in
taken as the population figures of Malappuram District.

This is shown in Table 3.5
1971 1856362 Table 3.5: Final Projected Population
1981 2402701 29.43 figures of the District
1991 3096330 28.87 -1.91 Total
Total
2001 3625471 17.09 -40.8 population as Average
population as
2011 3992234 10.12 -40.8 Year per population
per decrease
apportionmen figures
2021 4231308 5.99 -40.8 rate method
t method
2011 3992234 4102440 4047337
Apportionment method: 2021 4231308 4532315 4381812
In the apportionment method, the ratio of the So it can be concluded that the total population
District population to the State population has been of Malappuram District will be 4047337 and 4381812
by 2011 and 2021 respectively if the present trend
found out and the same is projected to the next two
continues.
decades assuming that the change in the ratio during
2001 -2011 and 2011-2021 is the same. In order to find 3.8 INFERENCE
Malappuram is the most populous district in the
out the projected population in 2011 and 2021,the
state during the last two decades. Also the district
projected population of the state for the same period shows the highest rate of population growth. It ranks
are needed. The details of population projection of fifth in the state in population density. Two third of
Kerala are elaborated in the Annexe 2. The projected the total population live in 28.27% of the area of the
population of the district based on the apportionment district, confined mostly to the low land and midland
method is shown in Table 3.4. areas.

District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE 17
Chapter 4
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The economic base of the district based on the
occupational structure as per census 2001 is studied in
this chapter. The change in economic base over a period
of time is also analysed.
4.1 WORK FORCE OF THE DISTRICT
The process of urbanisation is closely linked
with the economic activities of the region. The three
criteria adopted during the census operations to
declare an area as urban are
a) Minimum population size of 5,000
b) Minimum population density of 400 Fig 4.2: Main, Marginal and Non workers Malappuram
district 2001
persons per SqKm and
c) 75% of male working population in non- The change in the number of total workers and
agricultural sector. the main workers over a period of time are shown in
A large number of local governments in the the Fig 4.3 and Table 4.1. The graph shows that the total
district satisfy the first two criteria. The third criteria workers and main workers are gradually increasing over
which is related to the economic activities of the the last two decades (from 1981 to 2001).
region, is the crucial one.
As per census 2001, the work participation rate 1000000

874476
900000
of Malappuram District is 24.1%, which is the lowest in 800000
770033
the state. Out of the total population of 36.25 lakhs, 700000 604736
8.74 lakhs are workers. The total workers are further 600000 665399 691848
500000
divided into the main and marginal workers. Main 522883
400000 Total workers
workers constitute 18.9 % of the total population and 300000 Total main
marginal workers constitute 5.2 % of the total 200000 workers
population. This is shown in Fig 4.1 and 4.2. 100000

0
1981 1991 2001
Fig 4.3: Main workers and Marginal workers-temporal

variation
Even though the number of the total workers

of the district show increase in figures during 1991-
2001, the growth rate of the workers during this period
(growth rate is 11.94%) is below the growth rate of the
total population (growth rate of total population is
Fig4.1: Work participation rate-Malappuram district 2001 17.1%) of the same period. This indicates that the

18 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram
opportunity of working is not increasing in proportion

Nine fold classification of workers 1991
to the growth of population. This may be due to the Cultivators
shrinking economic base of the district.

Agr lbrs
14%
Table 4.1: Number of workers in Malappuram 15%
Livestock, Forestry,
District Fishing, Hunting,

Plantation, Orchards, and
allied activites
6% Mining and Quarring
1981 1991 2001 Manufacturing, Processing

Serviciing and repairs in
Total workers 604736 770033 874476 13% Household industries
Manufacturing,
Total Main workers 522883 665399 691848 36% Processing, servicing and
repairs in other than
household industries
Trade and commerce
7%
2% 6%
Transport , storage and
1% Communic-ations
4.2. OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE Other Services
Fig 4.4: Nine fold classification of workers-1991 Malappuram

The occupational pattern is the major indicator District
Source: Census 1991
of economic activities of the region. Due to change in
the workers classifications in different censuses, it is Workers classification 1991
difficult to compare and study the change in workers Primary Secondary Teritary
classification.
The nine fold classification of workers of 34%
Malappuram district in 1991 is shown in Fig 4.4.

From the figure it is clear that 35% of the workers
56%
were agricultural labourers and 15% were engaged
in other services. For the purpose of analysis the
workers are classified into primary, secondary and 10%
tertiary sectors (fig 4.5). Primary sector includes

Fig 4.5 Workers Classification 1991- Malappuram
agricultural labourers, cultivators and livestock, District
forestry, fishing, hunting, plantation, orchard and Source: Census of India
allied activities & mining and quarrying. Secondary A s per the census 2001, the main workers
sector includes Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing are classified into four categories viz. cultivators,
and repairs in Household industries and other than agricultural laborers, household industrial workers
household industries. Tertiary sector includes Trade and other workers. The other workers category
and commerce, Transport, Storage and mainly includes workers in service sectors. However
Communications & other services. As per the above primary sector workers like fishermen, workers
grouping 55% workers were engaged in primary engaged in mining and plantation workers are also
sector, 11% of workers were engaged in secondary seen included in the other workers category.
sector and 34% of workers were engaged in tertiary Taluk wise details of workers as per census 2001
sector. is presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Workers classification of Malappuram 4.3 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE – VARIATION IN
District 2001 URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
The Table 4.3 shows the four-fold classification
Other workers
H.H.Industries
of workers in the urban and rural areas of the district.
Agricultural
Cultivators The same values are depicted in pie in Fig. 4.8
labourers
Table 4.3: Workers Classification 2001 –
Sl.No
Taluk
Urban and Rural areas

1 Ernad 13,616 41,135 3,427 1,35,062 Agricultur HH
Cultivat Other
2 Nilambur 11,362 36,395 2,961 93,445 al industrial
ors workers
Perintalma laborers workers
3 12,462 34,770 2,813 83,066 Urban 2116 7084 1567 75946
nna
Rural 55272 148663 16045 567783
4 Tirur 8,983 18,274 3,289 1,50,395
Source: Census 2001
5 Tirurangadi 6,256 14,177 2,236 1,11,800
6 Ponnani 4,709 10,996 2,886 69,961 Urban
Malappuram 57,388 1,55,747 17,612 6,43,729
Dist 2% 8%
Cultivators
2%
The cultivators and agricultural labourers
Agricultural
constitute only 24.37 % of the total main workers labourers
whereas lion share of the main workers( 75.63%) H.H Industries
belongs to the other workers category (See Fig 4.6).
Other workers
As mentioned earlier, the other workers category will
88%
include some of the primary workers like fishermen
and plantation workers. Assuming that about 10 % of
Fig 4.7: Classification of Workers in urban areas-
the total workers belong to this primary worker Malappuram District-2001
category, even then it can be seen that more than 50
% of the total workers are engaged in tertiary activity. Rural
This finding poses a contrast against the national

figures where more than 60% of the total workers 7%
Cultivators
engage in primary activity. This is a clear indication of 19%
Agricultural
the declining trend of the primary sector in the laborers
2%
economy of Malappuram District. HH industrial
workers
72% Other workers
6%
18% Cultivators
Agricultural Fig. 4.8: Classification of Workers in rural areas- Malappuram

labourers
2%
H.H Industries
District-2001
The figures show that the share of cultivators
Other workers
74% and agricultural labourers are 10% and 26% in urban
and rural areas respectively. The share of household
industrial workers is the same at 2% in both the urban
Fig 4.6: Classification of Main Workers 2001- Malappuram and rural areas. This indicates that as far as the workers
District
Source: Census of India classification is considered, major share of the workers-
20 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report -Malappuram
88% in urban areas and 72% in rural areas depend on other than house hold industries, trade & commerce,
the tertiary sector for their lively hood. transport, storage & communication and others are
4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE- ESTIMATION OF totalled to calculate the percentage of male workers
NINE FOLD CLASSIFICATION OF 2001 in non-agricultural activities in each of the LSGs of the
district. The details are shown in Annexe 3 and Fig 4.9
A study on the existing occupational structure
& 4.10.
in various settlements of the District will put light on
those settlements likely to become census urban
shortly. The workers of each settlement which are
classified into four fold classification as per census 2001
are divided into the following nine categories based
on the workers classification in the 1991 census.
1. Main Cultivators
2. Main Agricultural Labourers
3. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting,
Plantation, Orchards, and allied activities
4. Mining and Quarrying
Fig 4.9: Nine fold classification of workers 2001
5. Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and
repairs in Household industries
6. Manufacturing, Processing, servicing and
repairs in other than household industries
7. Trade and commerce
8. Transport, storage and Communications
9. Others
The methodology adopted for the

extrapolation to get the nine- fold classification of
workers in 2001 based on the workers classification in
Fig 4.10: Workers classification 2001 –Malappuram
census1991 is described briefly here. The only two
District
types of workers included in both 1991 and 2001 census
are the cultivators and agricultural labourers. The
Comparing the nine fold classification of
remaining two types of workers in the 2001 census,
workers in 1991 with the estimated nine fold
house hold industrial workers and other workers are classification in 2001, it can be seen that work force in
totalled together and this total is divided in to 7 classes house hold industries, other than household
of workers in the same proportion as these 7 classes of industries, trade and commerce, transport, storage and
workers as were there in the 1991 census. Then the communication and others show an increasing trend
number of male workers in manufacturing, processing, whereas cultivators and agricultural labourers show
servicing and repairs in House hold industries, declining trend. When grouped into primary,
manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in secondary and tertiary sectors the figures round to 22%,
24% and 54% respectively in 2001 while the The workers in the tertiary sector are also distributed
corresponding figures in 1991 are 55%, 11% and 34% in more or less the same pattern as that of secondary
respectively. From this it can be concluded that there workers, the concentration being more towards the
is a significant shift in the occupational structure of urban centres. The percentage of tertiary workers vary
the district from primary to secondary and service between 26 to 77, the highest being 76.40% in Thennala
sectors. grama panchayat.
The LSG wise distribution of workers based on
the nine fold classification for 2001 (estimated) is
shown in Fig 4.11 and the same classified in to primary,
secondary and tertiary workers is shown in Fig 4.12.
The figures show that the primary workers are
concentrated more in the middle and north eastern
region of the district. The percentage of primary
workers in different local governments in the district
varies from 16 to 46. The urban areas except Manjeri
and most of the panchayats on the western half of the
district are having low percentage of primary workers.
The percentage of secondary workers in
different LSGs varies from 6 to 22. Higher CI values are
seen in the LSGs falling along the major traffic routes.
The figures show an even distribution of secondary
workers among the LSGs when the net area of the
district is considered.
Fig 4.12 LSG wise distribution of workers (Primary,

Secondary, Tertiary) for 2001 (estimated)
4.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR CLASSES
OF WORKERS
The spatial distribution major classes of workers
viz. cultivators, agricultural labourers, household
industrial workers and other workers is analysed based
on their concentration indices. The concentration index
gives an idea about where a particular class of workers
is concentrated in the district.
Fig 4.13 shows the variation of the concentration

index of agricultural labourers. From the map it is clear
that the agricultural labourers are concentrated in the
Fig 4.11 LSG wise distribution of workers based on 9 fold
classifications for 2001 (estimated) north eastern part of the district.
22 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Fig 4.13: Variation of Concentration Index of Agricultural

Labourers
Fig 4.15 Variation of Concentration Index of HH Industrial
Similarly the variations of the concentration
Workers
indices of other classes of workers are presented in
the following maps.
Fig 4.14: Variation of Concentration Index of Cultivators Fig 4.16: Variation of Concentration Index of Other Workers
District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE 23
4.6 ACTIVITY PATTERN BASED ON OCCUPATIONAL
STRUCTURE
The variation of concentration index of
primary sector, secondary sector and tertiarysector
workers (as depicted in Fig 4.17, Fig 4.18 and Fig 4.19
respectively) are studied and their spatial variation
analysed to derive the activity pattern of the district.
Fig 4.19 LSG wise distribution of Tertiary workers

The figures show that primary sector workers
are concentrated in the midland and highland region;
the secondary and tertiary sector workers are evenly
distributed.
The cultivators and agricultural labourers are

Fig 4.17 LSGs wise distribution of Primary workers evenly distributed in the district except in the urban
centres and coastal local bodies. The household
industrial workers are concentrated in the coastal LSGs
and the eastern areas. The other workers are more in
the mid land and coastal stretch.
Over laying the concentration pattern of
primary, secondary and tertiary sector workers the
activity pattern based on occupational structure can be
derived as follows.
1. Primary Activity
2. Secondary Activity
3. Tertiary Activity
4. Combination of Primary and
Secondary Activities
5. Combination of Primary and Tertiary
Activities
6. Combination of Secondary and
Fig 4.18 LSGs wise distribution of Secondary workers Tertiary Activities
The activity pattern derived thus is depicted in Fig. 4.20.
Fig 4.20 Activity Pattern based on occupational structure

Table 4.4 Activity Pattern based on occupational structure
Name of LSG Activity Pattern Name of LSG Activity Pattern

Aliparambu Primary Thavanoor Secondary
Chaliyar Primary Vattamkulam Secondary
Chokkad Primary Vazhakkad Secondary
Chungathara Primary Vazhayoor Secondary
Edakkara Primary A.R. Nagar Tertiary
Edapatta Primary Alangode Tertiary
Kalikavu Primary Areekode Tertiary
Karulai Primary Athavanad Tertiary
Karuvarakundu Primary Cheekkode Tertiary
Kavannoor Primary Cheriyamundom Tertiary
Keezhattur Primary Edarikkode Tertiary
Mampad Primary Edayoor Tertiary
Mangalam Primary Elamkulam Tertiary
Mankada Primary Irimpiliyam Tertiary
Moorkanad Primary Kalpakancheri Tertiary
Moothedom Primary Kannamangalam Tertiary
Peruvalloor Primary Keezhparamba Tertiary
Porur Primary Kodur Tertiary
Pothukall Primary Koottilangadi Tertiary
Pulamanthole Primary Makkaraparamba Tertiary
Pulpatta Primary Marakkara Tertiary
Thazhekode Primary Melattur Tertiary
Thuvvoor Primary Morayur Tertiary
Tiruvali Primary Muthuvalloor Tertiary
Trikkalangode Primary Nannambra Tertiary
Urangattiri Primary Nannamukku Tertiary
Vazhikkadavu Primary Nediyiruppu Tertiary
Vettathur Primary Niramaruthur Tertiary
Chelembra Secondary Oorakam Tertiary
Cherukavu Secondary Othukkungal Tertiary
Kalady Secondary Ozhur Tertiary
Kondotty Secondary Parappur Tertiary
Kuzhimanna Secondary Perumanna Klari Tertiary
Maranchery Secondary Perumpadappu Tertiary
Pulikkal Secondary Ponmala Tertiary

Name of LSG Activity Pattern From this analysis it is seen that as the economy
Ponmundom Tertiary moves up from secondary to tertiary there is clear
Pookkottur Tertiary concentration towards higher order settlements. In 28
Puzhakkattiri Tertiary LSGs the predominant activity is primary; in 11 LSGs
Thalakkad Tertiary the predominant activity is secondary and in 41 LSGs
Thanlur Tertiary the predominant activity is tertiary. There are 5 LSGs
Thenchippalam Tertiary with a predominance of both primary and secondary
Thennala Tertiary
and 15 LSGs with a predominance of both secondary
Thirunavaya Tertiary
and tertiary sector activities. In 7 LSGs predominant
Valavannur Tertiary
activity is a combination of primary and tertiary.
Veliyankode Tertiary
Amarambalam Primary + Secondary 4.7 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE- TEMPORAL
Edavanna Primary + Secondary VARIATION
Kuruva Primary + Secondary
Purathur Primary + Secondary The number of various categories of workers
Wandoor Primary + Secondary from 1981 to 2001 in the district is shown in the Table
Anakkayam Primary + Tertiary 4.5.
Angadipuram Primary + Tertiary Table 4.5: Fourfold classification of
Pandikkad Primary + Tertiary Workers
Parappanangadi Primary + Tertiary Year Cultivators Agr labourers HH ind Others
Ponnani Primary + Tertiary
workers
Tanur Primary + Tertiary
Vettom Primary + Tertiary
Edappal Secondary + Tertiary 1981 68561 194693 14827 244802
Kottakkal Secondary + Tertiary 1991 88408 225737 17296 333958
Kuttippuram Secondary + Tertiary 2001 57388 155747 17612 643729
Malappuram Secondary + Tertiary Source: Census of India
Manjeri Secondary + Tertiary
Munniyoor Secondary + Tertiary The cultivators and agricultural labourers show
Nilambur Secondary + Tertiary an increase in number during 1981-91 but it is on
Pallikkal Secondary + Tertiary decline in the next decade, whereas the other workers
Perinthalmanna Secondary + Tertiary show an increase of nearly three times. This is a clear
Tirur Secondary + Tertiary indication of the movement of economy from primary
Tirurangadi Secondary + Tertiary to service sector, in the district.
Triprangode Secondary + Tertiary The Fig 4.21 and Table 4.6 show the variation
Valanchery Secondary + Tertiary of the number of different category of workers in
Vallikunnu Secondary + Tertiary the urban areas of the district from 1981 to 2001. There
Vengara Secondary + Tertiary is significant increase in the category of other

workers during this period, meanwhile the category of

workers in cultivators and agricultural labourers are in
the decline during the same period, despite the slight
increase during 1981-91.
Fig 4.22: Variation in the Number of different category of

workers in Rural Area
Fig 4.21: Variation in the number of different category of Table 4.7: Number of various category of
workers in urban areas workers in rural areas of the District
Table 4.6: Number of various categories of Year Cultivators Agr labourers HH ind Others
workers in urban areas of the District workers
Year Cultivators Agr labourers HH ind Others

1981 66749 189460 14082 215735
workers
1991 83921 213591 16072 292461
2001 55272 148663 16045 567783
1981 1812 5233 745 29067 Source: Census 2001
1991 4487 12146 1224 41497
2001 2116 7084 1567 75946 4.8 INFERENCE
The study of the occupational structure of the
district shows that around 76 % of the population are
The Fig 4.22 and Table 4.7 show the variation
of different category of workers in rural areas of non workers. The district is having the lowest rate of
Malappuram district during the period from 1981- 2001. work participation in the state. There is a drastic decline
The pattern of change in the number of workers in in the primary sector in terms of number of workers
different category show that the rural areas also engaged in primary activities. The only sector which
exhibit the same pattern as that of the urban areas. shows growth is the service sector. It is observed that
This indicates that the primary sector activity, mainly the rural areas of the district are also slowly
the agricultural activity is on the decline in the rural withdrawing from the primary sector and have started
areas of the district. depending more on the service sector.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram LAND USE 29
Chapter –5
LAND USE
Land use is indicated by the predominant activity Table 5.1: Land use break-up – Kerala State
be it agriculture, residential, commercial, forest etc, 2008
for which a parcel of land is put into. Hence the analysis
of the existing land use is inevitable to understand the Land Use % of Total
predominant economic activities of an area as well as Sl. No. Area(sqkm)
Category Area
the availability of vacant land for future economic
1 Forest 8426.6 23.18
activities. In order to spatially analyze the land use
2 Water bodies 1061.34 2.92
pattern and economic activity as well as linkages
3 Marshy Land 102.51 0.28
between them land use survey in all the 107 LSGs in
4 Residential 1253.86 3.45
the district has to be completed. However this will take
5 Agriculture 3695.24 10.17
considerable time. Hence land use data generated as
6 Plantation 3638.05 10.01
part of Natural Resources and Environmental Data Base
7 Res/Agr Mix 15043.82 41.38
(NREDB) and procured from KSLUB has been made use 8 Other Built up
of. The source of the data is from IRS-P6, LISSIV, IC/ID Land Use 173.36 0.48
LISS III+ PAN Satellite data,2003-04 (ie from India 9 Others 2956.94 8.13
Satellite Data). The above data base is predominantly Total 36351.73 100
agriculture oriented and as such the analysis limited to Source: Natural resources and environmental data
that extent. base of Kerala
5.1 LAND USE PATTERN OF KERALA STATE

Based on the land use data of the Natural
Resources and Environmental Data Base, the Land use
of Kerala can be categorized under 9 Major categories
and the percentage share of these categories is shown
in Table 5.1 and Fig 5.1. Accordingly predominant land
use of the state is a mix of residential and agricultural
which constitute 41.38 % of total Land area. It can be
further seen that Forest area of the state contributes Fig 5.1: Land use breakup – Kerala State
nearly 23.18 % of the total area making the forest land
use second highest land use of the state. The 5.2 LAND USE BREAK UP OF MALAPPURAM
Agricultural Land use and plantation land use together DISTRICT
constitute 20.18% (Agricultural 10.17% and plantation
10.01%) of total area. The above analysis support the Total area of the district is 3551.87 Sq.km. The
peculiar scenario of the state in terms of rural-urban land use map of the district is shown in Fig. 5.2. The
continuum, highly scattered settlement pattern, and breakup of land use of the District with its percentage
traditional homestead type of development where to total area of the District is shown in Table 5.2 and Fig.
individual houses are surrounded by agricultural land 5.3. The highest percentage of land use falls under the
mainly of mixed cultivation. category Residential / Agricultural mix, which include
30 LAND USE District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Fig 5.2: Land use map – Malappuram District

mainly dry cultivation lands wherein residential From the analysis of land use of the district it is
developments are co-existent. The district consists of clear that the major portion of the total land area of
252.27 sq km of pucca agricultural land and 18.14 sq km the District is coming under three major uses–
of land under intense residential land use. Water Residential / Agricultural mix (60.79%), forest land
bodies and forest also has a significant share (57.05 and (18.11 %) and agriculture (7.10%). The land use analysis
643.13sq km respectively) in the land use of the district. shows that the district has potential resources such as
agricultural land and forest.
Table 5.2: Land use breakup – Malappuram 5.3 REGIONAL LAND USE STUDY
District
In this section the land use pattern of
Land Use % of Total Malappuram District is compared with the state as well
Sl. No. Category Area(sqkm) Area as the surrounding districts of Thrissur, Palakkad and
1 Forest 643.13 18.11 Kozhikode. Land use pattern of Malappuram in
2 Water bodies 57.05 1.61 comparison with Kerala state is shown in Table 5.3. From
3 Marshy Land 11.87 0.33 the table it is clear that within the district the
4 Residential 18.14 0.51 predominant land use is a mix of residential and
5 Agriculture 252.27 7.1 agriculture. The comparison of category wise land use
6 Plantation 138.19 3.89 with that of Kerala shows that the Residential /
7 Res/Agr Mix 2159.13 60.79 Agricultural land use category is higher compared to
8 Other Built up that of the state.
Table 5.3 Comparison of Land use break up of
Land Use 19.79 0.56
9 Others 252.3 7.1 Malappuram District and Kerala state
Total 3551.87 100 % of the
Source : Generated from NREDB of the State % of total correspon
Land Use Area
Sl. No. in the ding area
Category ( sq.km)
District in the
State
1 Forest 643.13 18.11 23.18
2 Water bodies 57.05 1.61 2.92
3 Marshy Land 11.87 0.33 0.28
4 Residential 18.14 0.51 3.45
5 Agriculture 252.27 7.1 10.17
6 Plantation 138.19 3.89 10.01
7 Res/Agr Mix 2159.13 60.79 41.38
8 Other Built up
Land Use 19.79 0.56 0.48
9 Others 252.3 7.1 8.13
Total 3551.87 100 100
Generated from NREDB of the State
The comparison of Land use pattern of

Malappuram District with neighbouring Districts
Fig 5.3: Percentage of land use breakup- Malappuram dist (Thrissur, Palakkad and Kozhikode) is shown in Table
Source : Generated from NREDB of the State 5.4.

Table 5.4 Land Use Break - Comparison with 28.28

30.00 25.46
Neighbouring Districts
18.11 18.68
20.00
Sl. Land Use Malappu Kozhiko
Palakkad Thrissur 10.00
No. Category ram de
0.00
1 Forest 1263.9 772.86 643.13 438.53 Palakkad Thrissur Malappuram Kozhikode
2 Water bodies 123.42 88.58 57.05 59.68
3 Marshy Land 4.58 32.62 11.87 4.23 Fig 5.5 Forest Land use Comparison with surrounding districts
4 Residential 12.05 31.53 18.14 80.28 Generated from NREDB of the State
5 Agriculture 755.55 353.65 252.27 127.75 Comparison of the percentage share of Marshy
6 Plantation 208.59 159.35 138.19 6.74 land use of Malappuram District and neighboring three
7 Res/Agr Mix 1813.06 1544.9 2159.13 1502.22 Districts is shown in Fig. 5.6. The figure shows
Other Built up Malappuram District has a contribution of about 11.58
8 Land Use 56.75 19.67 19.79 4.41 % of the total area under this category in the state.
9 Others 231.08 32.46 252.3 124.23 Where as Thrissur District has highest contribution
Total 4468.98 3035.63 3551.87 2348.07 (31.82%) of the total area.
Generated from NREDB of the State
40.00 31.82
Comparison of the percentage share of Forest
30.00
land use of Malappuram district and neighbouring three
20.00 11.58
districts shown in Fig. 5.4. The figure clearly shows that 4 .47
10.00 4.13
Palakkad district has the highest share where as Thrissur 0.00
is placed in the second position and Malappuram is in Palakkad Thrissur Malappuram Kozhikode
the third position.
Fig 5.6 Comparison of the percentage share of land
marked as Marshy Land of the state in Malappuram and
15.00 surrounding district
15.00 The percentage of Marshy land of each district
9.17
10.00 7.63 is shown in Fig. 5.7. The figure shows Malappuram
5.20
5.00 District has only a contribution of about 0.33 % of the
total area. It is observed that the Kole lands of the
0.00
district is categorized as Marshy land as per NREDB.
Palakkad Thrissur Malappuram Kozhikode
Where as Thrissur District has highest contribution
Fig 5.4 Comparison of the percentage share of Forest Land
(1.07%) of the total area.
use of the state in surrounding districts
1.50
Generated from NREDB of the State 1.07
1.00
The percentage of Forest Land Use of each district
0.50 0.33
is shown in Fig.5.5. Palakkad district shows highest 0.10 0.18
percentage (28.28%) followed by Thrissur (25.46%). 0.00

Malappuram and Kozhikode shows less percentage of
forest land when compared to the neighbouring
Fig 5.7 Percentage share of Marshy Land - Comparison
districts. with surrounding districts
Comparison of the percentage share of In case of wet agriculture land use Palakkad
Residential Land Use in districts of Kerala shown in Fig. district shows highest percentage (20.45%) followed
5.8. Residential land use which include land uses by Thrissur.( 9.57%). In case of Malappuram district it
categorized as Mixed Built-up/Mixed Built-up shows only 6.83% share of wet land.
converted from paddy, Residential, and Residential
(Converted from Paddy) shows higher concentration 25.00 20.45
20.00
in Kozhikode District with 6.4 % of the total area under 9.57
15.00 6.83
this category in the state. The corresponding share of 10.00 3.4 6
Malappuram District is only 1.45 %. At the same time it 5.00
0.00
is higher than the corresponding share of Palakkad
Palakkad Thrissur Malappuram K ozhikode
district and less than that of Thrissur district.
Fig 5.10 Comparison of the percentage share of Agricultural
Land use of the State - Malappuram & surrounding districts
8.00 6.40 The comparison of percentage of Agriculture
6.00
Land Use of each district is shown in Fig.5.11. The fig-
4.00 2.51
1.45
ure shows that Palakkad district shows highest percent-
2.00 0.96
age (16.91%) and Thrissur District is in second position
0.00
(11.65%) followed by Malappuram (7.1%) and
Kozhikode (5.44% ).
Fig 5.8 Comparison of the percentage share of Residential 20.00 16.91
Land Use in districts of Kerala – Malappuram and
15.00 11.65
Surrounding Districts
10.00 7.10
5.44
T he percentage of Residential Land use of 5.00
Malappuram & Surrounding Districts is shown in Fig. 0.00
5.9. The figure shows that Kozhikode district shows Palakkad Thrissur Malappuram Kozhikode
highest percentage (3.42%) followed by
Fig 5.11 Percentage share of Agriculture land use -
Thrissur.(1.04%). Malappuram and Palakkad shows Malappuram & Surrounding districts
lowest percentages of Residential Land use which is The percentage share of Plantation Land Use in
0.51% and 0.27% respectively. Malappuram & surrounding districts is shown in Fig.
5.12. The figure shows that Thrissur district shows
highest percentage (5.25%), Malappuram comes in the
4.00 3.42
3rd position.
3.00
6.00 5.25
2.00 4.67
1.04 5.00 3.89
1.00 0.51 4.00
0.27
3.00
0.00 2.00
1.00 0.29
0.00
Fig 5.9Comparison of Percentage share of Residential land
Fig 5.12 Comparison of Plantation Land use Malappuram &
use in Malappuram & Surrounding Districts Surrounding districts
Res / Agri mix category mainly include dry The Concentration Index value may be greater
agriculture land uses. Compared to the other districts than one, equal to one or less than one. LSGs with
of Kerala, Malappuram shows highest percentage Concentration Index greater than one indicates that
(14.35%), followed by Palakkad (12.05%), Thrissur the land use under consideration is concentrated more
(10.27%), and Kozhikode (9.99%) of residential and in that LSG than in other LSGs of the district.
agricultural land uses. Using the above method concentration index of
9 categories of Land use (which are Forest, Water
14.35
15.00 12.05 Bodies, Marshy Land, Residential, Agriculture,
10.27 9.99
10.00 Plantation, Resi/Agri Mix, Other built up land use and
others) are analysed.
5.00
The regional land use study shows a general
0.00
observation that Malappuram stand in the second or
third position with respect to surrounding districts in
Fig 5.13Comparison of the percentage share of State Res/Agr the case of urban components of land use (residential,
Mix land use of the state in Malappuram & Surrounding mixed built up, resi/agri mix etc., other built up etc.).
The percentage share of Res / Agr mix of each In case of rural components of land use (Agriculture,
district are shown in Fig. 5.14. The figure shows that plantation etc.), Malappuram stand in the third
Kozhikode district shows highest percentage (63.98%) position.
followed by Malappuram (60.79%). Thrissur shows
50.89% and Palakkad shows lesser percentage (40.57%) 5.4.1 Agricultural Land Use
of Resi / Agri mix land.
The Agricultural land use consists of Cashew/
80.00 63.98
orange/ pepper/pineapple, Viruppu (1st Crop)/
60 .79
60.00 50.89 Mundakan, Land without scrub, Double Crop/Triple
40.57
40.00
crop, Agriculture farm, Agriculture farm (Orchids)/and
Mixed trees categories of land use as demarcated in
20.00
the land use map generated out of NREDB. The
0.00
concentration pattern of agricultural land use (Figure-
5.15) shows that agricultural area of the district is
Fig 5.14 Percentage of Res / Agr mix land use in the districts mainly concentrated in the central, and some of the
up land regions of the district. The pattern also reveals
5.4 CONCENTRATION PATTERN OF LAND USE
that agricultural land use is also influenced by the
location of water bodies.
The concentration pattern of a land use gives an
idea about where that particular land use is The variation of concentration index of
concentrated within the district. The Land use Agricultural land use among the LSGs is shown in Fig
concentration Index can be used to identify the 5.16. The list of LSGs with concentration index of
concentration pattern of a land use within an area. agricultural land use more than one is given in Annexe
CI of a land use in a local body= 4. The highest concentration of agricultural land use
within the district is seen in Grama Panchayats of
(Area of the Land use in a LSGI/Total Area of the LSGI)
Alangode, Vattamkulam, Thavanoor, Triprangode,
(Area of the Land use in the District/Total Area of
Thalakkad, Thirunavaya, Irimpiliyam, Nannambra.
the District)

5.4.2 Other Built Up Land Use
Other built up land use include Commercial,

Industrial /Industrial Park and Educational Institutions.
Figure 5.17 shows the distribution of the concentration
pattern of the Other Built up Land Use. From the figure
it is clear that Other Built up area of the district is
mainly concentrated in the western and south eastern
parts .Also it is observed that the concentration index
of the Other Built up land Use in urban LSGs and in
those LSGs along the major transport corridors are
higher than that in other LSGs. Also it is observed that
high land area of the district has lesser concentration
of Other Built up Land Uses even in LSGs along main
transportation corridors indicating that the economic
activity of hill areas is not considerably dependent on
secondary / tertiary sectors. The list of LSGs with high
concentration of the Other Built up Land Use (i.e.
concentration index of other built up land use greater
Fig 5.15: Concentration pattern of agricultural land use
Fig. 5.16: Variation of concentration Index of agricultural

land use among LSGs of Malappuram District Fig 5.17 Concentration pattern of other built up land use

than one) is shown in Annexe 4. The variation of Dense mixed forest mainly rubber, Under utilized /
concentration index of other built up land use among degraded notified forest and Dense Grassland/
the LSGs where concentration index of other built up Degraded grass land.
land use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.18. The The concentration pattern of forest land use
highest concentration of other built up land use within shows (Figure 5.19) that forest area of the District is
the district is seen in Kondotty, Pallikkal, Areekode, mainly concentrated in the North - Eastern part of the
Tirurangadi, Vengara, Tanur, Kottakkal, Kuttippuram District. Total area of active forest land of the district is
and Ponnani LSGs. 643.13 sq km which is about 18.11% of the total area of
the district. The forest land of the district is
concentrated in 12 LSGs namely grama panchayats of
Pothukal, Chungathara, Edakkara, Vazhikkadavu,
Karulai, Amarambalam, Chokkad, Karuvarakundu,
Urangattiri, Vettathur, Mampad, and Chaliyar. The
forest land is seen in the high land regions of the
district. The variation of concentration index of Forest
Land use among the LSGs is shown in Fig 5.20
Fig 5.18 Variation of concentration Index of other built up

land use among LSGs of Malappuram district
5.4.3 Forest Land Use
Forest Land use contains land use categories of

Dense Mixed Forest, Dense Mixed Forest (R.F)/Forest
Blank, Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo, Dense
mixed forest mainly bamboo & teak (R.F), Dense mixed
forest mainly bamboo (R.F), Dense mixed forest mainly
teak or cashew, Bamboo (R.F), Barren Rocky/ Stone
waste/ sheet rock (RF), Open mixed forest/Open mixed
Fig 5.19: Concentration pattern of forest land use in LSGs of
forest (RF), Scrub forest, Degraded grass land (RF), Malappuram Dist

Fig 5.21: Concentration pattern of Residential land use
Fig 5.20: variation of Concentration Index of forest land use

among LSGs of Malappuram District
5.4.4 Residential Land Use
The concentration pattern of Residential land

use shows (Figure 5.21) that the concentration of the
Residential land Use in urban LSGs and in those LSGs
along the major transport corridors(Road and
Railways) are higher than that in other LSGs.
The list of LSGs where residential land use is

concentrated is given in Annexe 4. The variation of
concentration index of Residential land use among
the LSGs where concentration index of Residential
land use is greater than one is shown in Fig 5.22. From
the figure it is observed that Edarikkode,Chelembra,
and Vallikkunnu LSGs are characterized with the
highest concentration index for residential land use
Fig. 5.22: Variation of concentration index of Residential land
(5 to 10). use among LSGs of Malappuram District

5.4.5 Residential / Agriculture Mixed Land Use puzha Tirur puzha, Biyyam kayal and Veliyamkode
Resi/Agri mixed land use consists of land use kayal. Fig. 5.24 shows concentration index based on
categories of Arecanut, Banana, Banana & Tapioca, extend of land under water bodies in LSGs of
Coconut/ coconut & Arecanut/coconut & tapioca, Malappuram.
Coconut dominant mixed crop, Current fallow, Mixed
Crop, Rubber, Mixed and Tapioca as per the land use
data of NREDB. The concentration pattern of Resi/ Agri
land use is shown in Fig. 5.23. From the figure it is
observed that Resi / Agri area concentrated in almost
all LSGs of district except in a few LSGs. The pattern
also reveals that the concentration of Res/Agri land use
is mainly in and around the urban centers and main
transport corridors of the district.
Fig 5.24: Concentration pattern of water body

5.4.7 Plantations
This category of Land use include land use
categories of Rubber (R.F),Tea/Cofee/cardomom/
Eucalptus, Tea & Eucalyptus, Tea (R.F)/Cofee (RF)/
Cardomom(RF), Teak, Teak & Softwood (R.F), Teak (R.F)/
Cashew (RF), Eucalyptus (R.F)/ Eucalptus and soft wood
(RF)/Sof wood (silver oak), Oil Palm and Oil Palm (R.F)
as per land use data of NREDB.
Fig 5.23: Concentration pattern of Res/Agri mixed land use Plantations are concentrated in most of the
5.4.6 Water Bodies north eastern areas of the district. The concentration
pattern of Plantations is shown in Fig.5.25. From the
Water bodies include perennial, Reservoir/ figure it is observed that Chungathara, Chaliyar,
Canal, Reservoir Bed/River bed/River island, Water Nilambur, Mampad, Moothedom, Vazhikkadavu,
Bodies, and Back waters. The land use is concentrated Karulai, and Edakkara LSGs are characterized with
among the major river basis and important backwaters concentration index greater than one for Plantation
which are Chaliyar Puzha, Kadalundy puzha, Bharatha land use.
Land parcels which are categorised as
temporarily marshy land / Marshy land/Permanently
marshyland as per NREDB is included under Marshy land
/ Kole land. The concentration pattern of marshy land
use is shown in Fig. 5.26. From the figure it is observed
that marshy areas are concentrated in low land regions
of district.
5.4.9 Other Land Use
Following land use of NREDB are grouped to
form the category Other Land use - Barren Rocky/ Stone
waste/ sheet rock, Coastal Sand, Sands/ reverine/Flood
plain, Beaches, Harbour / Port, Mining / Industrial waste
land, Airport, Playground, Mining. Other Land uses are
spread along the major transport corridors. The
concentration pattern of other land use is shown in
Fig. 5.27.
Fig 5.25: Concentration Pattern of Plantation landuse
5.4.8 Marshy Land / Kole Land
Fig 5.27: Concentration pattern of other land use

5.5 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED ON LAND USE
CONCENTRATION PATTERN
The area of concentration of major land uses
are analyzed in the above paragraphs. By combining
the concentration pattern of the major land uses
Fig 5.26: Concentration pattern of Marshy land/Kole land
use spatially and analysing the resulting pattern, area of
specialization (based on the existing land use) of

activities can be delineated. In order to evolve the
activity zones the nine catagories of land uses are
grouped into four catagories which are urban or non
agricultural, agricultural, plantation and forest as given
Table 5.5. The concentration index of these major land
use catagories are shown in Annexe 5 The
concentration patterns area shown in Fig.5.28, 29, 30
and 31 respectively. Based on this, the activity of LSGs
is evolved as per the criteria given in Table 5.6.
Table 5.5 Grouping of Land Use Classifications

Sl.
M ajo r Lan d u se Lan d u se C ate g o ri e s g ro u p e d
No
. O th e r B u i lt
Urb a n (N o n u p t+O th e rs+Re sid e n ti al ( P l o t
1 A gri cu l tu re ) size <50 C e n ts)
A gri +R e s/A g ri+R e si d e n ti al( P lo t
2 A gri cu l tu re size >50 C e n ts)
A l l co m p o n e n ts o f F o re st Lan d
3 F o re st u se
Fig 5.29 Concentration pattern of Agricultural Land use
A l l co m p o n e n ts o f P l an tati o n
4 P l an tati o n Lan d u se
Fig 5.28 Concentration pattern of Urban Land use Fig 5.30 Concentration pattern of Forest Land use

Fig 5.31 Concentration pattern of Plantation Land use Fig 5.32 Activity zones based on Land use Concentration
Table 5.6 Criteria of determination of Activity
Table 5.7 Activity zones of the district
zones based on Land use
Sl Activity based Activity Based on Land
Criteria Sl.No Name LSG
No. on Land use use
1 Urban CI*Urban>Agri/CI Plantation/CI Forest
1 A.R. Nagar Urban
2 Agriculture CI*Agri>Urban/CI Plantation/CI Forest 2 Areekode Urban
3 Plantation CI*Plantation>Urban/CI Agri/CI Forest 3 Athavanad Urban
4 Forest CI*Forest>Urban/CI Agri/CIPlantation 4 Cheekkode Urban
*CI-Concentration Index of 5 Cherukavu Urban
6 Edarikkode Urban
Thus the district can be divided to four distinct
7 Edayoor Urban
zones based on the land use analysis – Urban activity 8 Elamkulam Urban
area, agricultural area ,Plantation area and forest 9 Kalpakancheri Urban
resource area.The Activity zones derived based on the 10 Kannamangalam Urban
above criteria are shown Fig 5.32 and Table 5.7 11 Kondotty Urban
12 Kottakkal Urban
LSGs showing urban nature are evidently the 13 Kuttippuram Urban
existing urban LSGs and those along the major 14 Kuzhimanna Urban
transport corridors Activity zones based on agriculture 15 Malappuram Urban
16 Marakkara Urban
is concentrated in the LSGs in the mid land and low 17 Morayur Urban
land region . LSGs having Plantation and Forest Land 18 Munniyoor Urban
use are concentrated in the high land region. 19 Muthuvalloor Urban
20 Nediyiruppu Urban

21 Oorakam Urban 72 Perumpadappu Agriculture

22 Pallikkal Urban 73 Ponmala Agriculture
23 Parappur Urban 74 Ponmundom Agriculture
24 Perumanna Klari Urban 75 Pookkottur Agriculture
25 Peruvalloor Urban 76 Porur Agriculture
26 Ponnani Urban 77 Pulamanthole Agriculture
27 Pulikkal Urban 78 Pulpatta Agriculture
28 Purathur Urban 79 Puzhakkattiri Agriculture
29 Tanur Urban 80 Thalakkad Agriculture
30 Thenchippalam Urban 81 Thanlur Agriculture
31 Thennala Urban 82 Thavanoor Agriculture
32 Tirur Urban 83 Thazhekode Agriculture
33 Tirurangadi Urban 84 Thirunavaya Agriculture
34 Valanchery Urban 85 Thuvvoor Agriculture
35 Vazhakkad Urban 86 Tiruvali Agriculture
36 Vazhayoor Urban 87 Trikkalangode Agriculture
37 Vengara Urban 88 Triprangode Agriculture
38 Alangode Agriculture 89 Valavannur Agriculture
39 Aliparambu Agriculture 90 Vallikunnu Agriculture
40 Anakkayam Agriculture 91 Vattamkulam Agriculture
41 Angadipuram Agriculture 92 Veliyankode Agriculture
42 Chelembra Agriculture 93 Vettathur Agriculture
43 Cheriyamundom Agriculture 94 Vettom Agriculture
44 Edapatta Agriculture 95 Wandoor Agriculture
45 Edappal Agriculture 96 Edakkara Plantation
46 Edavanna Agriculture 97 Mampad Plantation
47 Irimpiliyam Agriculture 98 Moothedom Plantation
48 Kalady Agriculture 99 Amarambalam Forest
49 Kalikavu Agriculture 100 Chaliyar Forest
50 Kavannoor Agriculture 101 Chokkad Forest
51 Keezhattur Agriculture 102 Chungathara Forest
52 Keezhparamba Agriculture 103 Karulai Forest
53 Kodur Agriculture 104 Karuvarakundu Forest
54 Koottilangadi Agriculture
105 Pothukall Forest
55 Kuruva Agriculture 106 Urangattiri Forest
56 Makkaraparamba Agriculture 107 Vazhikkadavu Forest
57 Mangalam Agriculture
58 Manjeri Agriculture
59 Mankada Agriculture 5.6 INFERENCE
60 Maranchery Agriculture
61 Melattur Agriculture The district is blessed with land and other
62 Moorkanad Agriculture natural resources. In most of the LSGs there is a high
63 Nannambra Agriculture concentration of agriculture land use. The land use
64 Nannamukku Agriculture
65 Nilambur Agriculture analysis shows that there is a clear demarcation of
66 Niramaruthur Agriculture urban,agricultural, forest and plantation land uses and
67 Othukkungal Agriculture the urban development has taken place mostly along
68 Ozhur Agriculture
the major transport corridors. This indicates the
69 Pandikkad Agriculture
70 Parappanangadi Agriculture necessity of proper planning intervention in order to
71 Perinthalmanna Agriculture avoid haphazard growth.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS 43
Chapter 6
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS
The function of a settlement is the major 6.1 CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS
activity within the settlement, be it agricultural and
In the Kerala context, where a rural urban
allied activity (rural) or secondary sector and tertiary
continuum exists, settlement will be having either
sector activities (urban activities). The peculiar character
pucca urban area, pucca rural area or mixed
of the land use pattern existing in Kerala makes it
(Residential cum agricultural) use area in separate or
difficult to clarify a LSGs as either pucca urban of pacca
in its combination. Also the mixed land use area can
rural. Here an attempt is made to determine the major
be further classified into urban, semi urban, semi rural
function of a settlement by studying the major land
and rural as noted above. When the total area of a
use and the average plot size within the settlement.
settlement is concerned, the predominance of any of
The analysis is based on the Methodology explained in
the four (urban land use, rural land use, semi urban or
the Annexure 6 of the Volume I, Perspective Plan, IDDP,
semi rural) determines the character of the area. The
Kollam. functions of all settlements of the district are derived
Table 6.1: Functional character of the LSGs of based on the cited methodology and are shown in Table
the district 6.1 and Fig 6.1
30 Porur RURAL AGR
Sl. Functional Land Use
Name of LSG 31 Wandoor RURAL AGR
No Classification Concentration 32 Thuvvoor RURAL AGR
1 Urangattiri RURAL AGR 33 Ka ruvarakundu RURAL AGR
2 Keezhparamba RURAL AGR 34 Mankada RURAL AGR
3 Cheekkode RURAL AGR 35 Makkaraparamba RURAL AGR
4 Muthuvallur RURAL AGR 36 Koottilangadi RURAL AGR
5 Kavannoor RURAL AGR 37 Kodur RURAL AGR
6 Kuzhimanna RURAL URBAN 38 Kuruva RURAL AGR
7 Pulpatta RURAL AGR 39 Puzhakka ttiri RURAL AGR
8 Vazhakkad RURAL URBAN 40 Angadipuram RURAL URBAN
9 Pulikkal RURAL AGR 41 Pulamanthole RURAL AGR
10 Nediyiruppu RURAL URBAN 42 Moorkanad RURAL AGR
11 Morayur RURAL AGR 43 Edapatta RURAL AGR
12 Pookkottur RURAL AGR 44 Melattur RURAL AGR
13 Anakkayam RURAL AGR 45 Ke ezhat tur RURAL AGR
14 Pandikkad RURAL AGR 46 Vettathur RURAL AGR
15 Edavanna RURAL AGR 47 Thazhekode RURAL AGR
16 Trikkalangode RURAL AGR 48 Aliparambu RURAL AGR
17 Chaliyar RURAL PLANTATION 49 Elamkulam RURAL URBAN
18 Chungathara RURAL PLANTATION 50 Veliyankode RURAL AGR
19 Pot hukal RURAL AGR 51 Nannamukku RURAL AGR
20 Edakkara RURAL PLANTATION 52 Alangode RURAL URBAN
21 Moot hedom RURAL PLANTATION 53 Maranchery RURAL AGR
22 Vazhikkadavu RURAL PLANTATION 54 Vattamkulam RURAL AGR
23 Karulai RURAL PLANTATION 55 Marakkara RURAL URBAN
24 Nilambur RURAL PLANTATION 56 Edayoor RURAL AGR
25 Chokkad RURAL AGR 57 Valanchery RURAL URBAN
26 Amarambalam RURAL PLANTATION 58 Athavanad RURAL URBAN
27 Kalikavu RURAL AGR 59 Irimpiliyam RURAL AGR
28 Mampad RURAL PLANTATION 60 Ponmala RURAL AGR
29 Tiruvali RURAL AGR 61 Chelembra RURAL AGR

44 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
62 O ora ka m RURAL AGR 85 Ka l pa ka ncheri SEMI RURAL URBAN

63 Va l l i kunnu RURAL AGR 86 Ma nga l a m SEMI RURAL AGR
64 Thenchi ppa l a m RURAL URBAN 87 Tha l a kka d SEMI RURAL AGR
65 Ka nna ma nga l a m RURAL URBAN 88 Vettom SEMI RURAL PLANTATI O N
66 Ma njeri RURAL URBAN 89 Tri pra ngode SEMI RURAL AGR
67 Ma l a ppura m RURAL URBAN 90 Pa l l i kka l SEMI RURAL URBAN
68 Peri ntha l ma nna RURAL URBAN 91 Peruva l l oor SEMI RURAL AGR
69 Areekode SEMI RURAL URBAN 92 Munni yoor SEMI RURAL URBAN
70 Va zha yoor SEMI RURAL URBAN 93 Pa ra ppa na nga di SEMI RURAL AGR
71 Cheruka vu SEMI RURAL AGR 94 Na nna mbra SEMI RURAL AGR
72 Perumpa da ppu SEMI RURAL AGR 95 Pa ra ppur SEMI RURAL URBAN
73 Tha va noor SEMI RURAL AGR 96 O thukkunga l SEMI RURAL URBAN
74 Ka l a dy SEMI RURAL AGR 97 Eda ri kkode SEMI RURAL URBAN
75 Eda ppa l SEMI RURAL AGR 98 Kondotty SEMI URBAN URBAN
76 Kutti ppura m SEMI RURAL URBAN 99 Thi runa va ya SEMI URBAN AGR
77 Kotta kka l SEMI RURAL URBAN 1 00 Pura thur SEMI URBAN AGR
78 O zhur SEMI RURAL URBAN 1 01 Venga ra SEMI URBAN URBAN
79 Ponmundom SEMI RURAL AGR 1 02 A.R. Na ga r SEMI URBAN URBAN
80 Peruma nna Kl a ri SEMI RURAL AGR 1 03 Thenna l a SEMI URBAN AGR
81 Tha nl ur SEMI RURAL AGR 1 04 Ta nur URBAN URBAN
82 Ni ra ma ruthur SEMI RURAL AGR 1 05 Ti rura nga di URBAN URBAN
83 Cheri ya mundom SEMI RURAL AGR 1 06 Ponna ni URBAN URBAN
84 Va l a va nnur SEMI RURAL AGR 1 07 Ti rur URBAN URBAN
Fig 6.1: Functional Classification of the LSGs of the district

6.2 INFERENCE
The study of the functional character of semi rural, 6 as semi urban and 4 as urban. This
settlements shows that 68 out of the 107 shows the comparatively lower level of urbanisation
settlements are termed as rural, 29 are termed as of the district.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS 45
Chapter 7
HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
The existing hierarchy of settlements in the in the district. The graph so obtained is shown in Fig
district is determined based on the number and order 7.1. While plotting the graph Perintalmanna
of facilities, and suggestions on required hierarchy of Municipality is not taken in to account because of its
settlements is made mainly based on their locational very high CFI, which will make it difficult for assessing
aspects, so that balanced distribution of facilities is the hierarchy of the lower order settlements. It is
made possible. assumed that Perintalmanna Municipality is the first
order settlement of the district. Hence in the graph
7.1 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS second order and other lower order settlements are
Cumulative Functional Index (CFI) method is identified.
used to find out the hierarchy of settlements. The CFI
of a settlement is assessed based on the number and From the graph it is seen that there are 4 second
presence of the following types of facilities in the order settlements, 5 third order settlements and 97
settlement. fourth order settlements as given below.
1. Educational facilities I order settlement

2. Health facilities Perintalmanna Municipality
3. Markets II order settlements
4. Facilities in Agriculture and allied sector Ponnani Municipality
5. Physical infrastructure facilities Tirur Municipality
6. Transportation facilities Manjeri Municipality
Malappuram Municipality
III order settlements
Kondotty
Angadippuram
Kottakkal
Nilambur
Thenhipalam
IV order settlements See Annexe 7
The spatial distribution of the settlements of

Fig 7.1: CFI Vs Frequency graph
different hierarchies is shown in the Fig 7.2. The first
The weightage of each of these facilities in the
order settlement is at the meeting point of National
district and CFI calculated based on this is given in the
Highway 213 and SH 39. In all the settlements (up to
Annexes 6A & 6 B.
third order), except Tirur, Thenhipalam, Manjeri and
CFI is plotted against the number of Nilambur there is a node which is a meeting point of
settlements to find out the hierarchy of settlements National highway and State highway.
46 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Fig 7.2: Existing Hierarchy of Settlements

7.2 SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS that they exist for purely economic reasons; the city/
7.2.1 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements- the higher order facility centre will be located centrally
and it exists primarily to provide goods and services to
Methodology Adopted
its surrounding population. Two important assumptions
The proposed hierarchy of settlements in the made about human behavior are
district is identified based on Christaller’s Central Place
Theory. It is a spatial theory in western geography that 1) humans will always purchase goods from the closest
attempts to explain the reasons behind the distribution place that offer the good and
pattern, size and number of cities and towns around 2) whenever demand for a certain good is high, it will
the world. It is based on the conclusion that people be offered in close proximity to the population; when
gather together in cities to share goods and ideas and demand drops, so too does the availability of the good.

Another important concept in Chirstaller’s lower order settlements will be located at the vertices
theory is the threshold, which is the minimum number of the hexagonal shaped service area of the higher
of people needed for a central place business or order settlements. In Malappuram district
activity to remain active and prosperous. Small Perintalmanna is the first order settlement, which is
businesses dealing with lower-order goods/facilities not centrally placed. It is located at the south east end
can survive in small towns because people will buy of the district, and also caters equally to the needs of
frequently at the closer locations instead of going into the neighboring district, Palakkad.
the city. But businesses with higher order facilities
Fig 7.3 shows the spatial distribution of the
cannot survive in areas where the population is small.
first order and the second order settlements.
Therefore they are to be located in large cities that
can serve a large population in the surrounding For analysis purpose the district is divided into
hinterland. four sub regions and it is assumed that there are at
The concept of centrality and connectivity are least four second order settlements in the district, one
explained in Annexe 8 from each of the sub region. But this methodology is
7.2.2 Suggested Hierarchy Of Settlements – not applicable in the case of Malappuram.
Procedure Adopted The density pattern of Malappuram District
According to Christaller’s Central Place Theory, shows that the western part comprising the coastal
there will be a first order settlement serving the entire areas are the most thickly populated. Two of the four
region (district) which will be centrally located; the second order settlements are located in this narrow
Fig 7.3: Existing 1st and 2nd order Settlements

HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
48
belt. The other two are in the medium density zone. 1.Existing administrative status of the settlement
The eastern part consisting mainly of forest &
2. Centrality
plantations are the low density areas. No second order
3. Connectivity
settlement is identified from this area which includes 4. Existing hierarchy
the north east and northwest sub regions. Considering
the factors like service population(threshold), terrain Thus Wandoor from the north east quardant is
etc it is understood that no higher order facility can identified as the 3rd order settlement which is shown
survive in these sub regions. Hence the spatial in Fig 7.5. The method of determination of 3rd order
distribution of the next lower order settlements (ie.3rd settlement from SE sub region is explained in Annexe 10.
order) is studied. Angadippuram and Kottakkal from
the south west, Thenhipalam and Kondotty from the
north west and Nilambur from the north east sub
region are the existing 3 rd order settlements. The
spatial distribution of the third order settlements is
shown in Fig 7.4.
Fig 7.5: Proposed third order settlement based on four criteria
Since a higher order settlement can act as a lower

order settlement as well, the total number of 1 st, 2nd
and 3rd order settlements is taken as the number of 3rd
order settlements.
Fig 7.4: Existing third order settlements

Then the population to be served by a 3rd order
settlement = District population / No. of 1st, 2nd and
There is no 3rd order settlement in the north east 3rorder settlements. And accordingly the service area
sub region. Hence a 3rd order settlement is proposed of 3rd order settlement in each of the density zone is
here, based on the following criteria. calculated.

According to Christaller’s Central Place Theory,
the service area of a settlement will be hexagonal in
shape. Lower order settlements are located on the
vertices of the service area hexagon of a higher order
settlement. But due to the absence of 2 nd order
settlements in the eastern part of the district and the
possibility of suggesting one being nil because of the
lack of threshold population, the method of
identifying 3rd order settlements as the vertices of the
polygon formed by the perpendicular bisectors of the
line joining the 2nd order settlements is not attempted LEGEND
here. Hence the proposed 3rd order settlements are Proposed 3rd Order Settlement
High Density Zone
Medium Density Zone
identified as described below. Low Density Zone
The service area of a 3rd order settlement being

known, the service area hexagon for each of the density Population to be served by 3rd order Settlement 329588
zone can be formed. The size of service area polygons side = 15.44Km
of third order settlements are shown in Fig. 7.6. These Side = 10.58Km
Average Density
hexagons are placed centrally over the 3 rd order Side = 7.76Km Average Density
531.5 Per/Sqkm
1133Per/Sqkm
settlements and the areas not served by a 3 rd order Average Density
2104Per/Sqkm
Area to be served
Area to be served 620 Sqkm
settlement are identified. Service area hexagons of Area to be served
156.65 Sqkm
290.90 Sqkm
suitable size according to the population density of the

Fig 7.6: Size of service area polygon of 3rd order settlements
region are placed on these settlements. Accordingly
Valanchery from the south east sub region, Tirurangadi
from the south west sub region and Areekode from the
north west sub region are identified as proposed 3 rd
order settlements,(shown in Fig 7.7) taking into
consideration the following criteria.
1.Centrality 2.Connectivity 3. Existing hierarchy
Thus the 3rd order settlements are :
1. Angadippuram
2. Kottakkal
3. Thenhippalam
4. Kondotty
5. Nilambur
6. Valanchery
7. Wandoor
8. Tirurangadi
9. Areekode
The suggested hierarchy of settlements is given in Fig
7.8 and Annexe 11. Fig 7.7: Determination of 3rd order settlements-Hexagons
adjusted
50 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Fig 7.8 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements

7.3 INFERENCE
In the suggested hierarchy of settlements, three municipal towns in the district, viz. Manjrei,
there is one first order settlement, 4 second order T i ru r an d Po nn an i. Of th e ni ne thi rd o rd er
settlements and 9 third order settlements in the se ttle me nts Ko ttak kal a nd N il am bu r ha ve
district. The first order settlement, Perintalmanna attained urban status recently; Angadippuram,
is urban in nature. Malappuram Municipality, Ko nd otty, Val an ch er y, T he nh ip pa la m,
though the headquarters of the district belongs Tirurangadi, Areekode and Wandoor are the other
to the second order group, followed by the other 3rd order settlements

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram URBAN PROFILE 51
Chapter 8
URBAN PROFILE
8.1 TREND OF URBANIZATION – KERALA Table 8.2: Trends of population growth of
At the turn of the 20th century, Kerala had a Kerala - 1981-2001
population of 63.96 lakhs, of which 59.42 lakhs were in
Growth Growth rate
its rural areas (source census 2001, p 17). This Total
Year rate of total of urban
constituted 92.89 per cent of the total population of population
population population
the state. At the end of the 20 th century the total
population in Kerala has increased to 3.18 crores
1981 25453680 19.24 37.64
(31838619) of which rural population is 2.35 crores. This
1991 29098518 14.32 60.97
means that the rural population constitutes about 74 % 2001 31841374 9.43 7.64
of the total population in 2001. The population figures
Source: census 2001 Provisional totals, p 106
of the State as per census 2001 are shown in Table 8.1.
whereas population of only 27.4 lakhs were added
Table.8.1: Population figures (2001) of Kerala within the next decade. The growth rate of urban
at a glance population of Kerala over the last three decades
shows that it is in a transition phase. Over the last two
Growth
Person Males Females decades (1971-81 and 1981-91) growth rate in urban
rate
population was on the rise, 37.64% in 71 - 81 and 60.97%
Total 31841374 15468614 16372760 9.43
Rural 23574449 11451282 12123167 10.07 in 81- 91. But it has drastically declined to 7.64% in
Urban 8266925 4017332 4249593 7.64 2001 with a decrease of 87.5 % over the preceding
Source: census 2001, Provisional totals, p 1 decadal urban population growth rate. At the same
time the growth rate in total population has decreased
There is an increase of about 400% in the total
from 14.32 % to 9.42% only with a decrease rate of
population of Kerala within a century. During this period
34.2%.
the rural population has increased by 300%. Rural
Table 8.3: Trends in urbanisation of Kerala -
population content in Kerala has declined from 92.89%
1981-2001
to 74% of the total population within a century. This is urban population
an indication on the trend of urbanisation in Kerala that
Total population
total population
Growth rate of
Growth rate of
Total urban
population
has happened in a century. To know the urbanisation

population
% of urban
trend in the immediate past the population figures of

Year
the last three decades are analyzed here (see Table

8.2).
There is a steady decline in the population
growth rate over the last three decades. Population 1981 25453680 4771275 18.7 19.24 37.64
growth rate was 19.24% in 1981 and it reduced to 9.24% 1991 29098518 7680294 26.4 14.32 60.97
in 2001. During the period 1981-91 population of 36.45 2001 31838619 8267135 26 9.42 7.64
lakhs were added to the previous decades population, Source: census 2001, Provisional totals, p 106

52 URBAN PROFILE District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
8.2 URBAN AREAS IN THE DISTRICT Table 8.4: District wise percentage of urban
population
As per the 2001 census, the population of
Urb a n
Malappuram District is 3,625,471, which constitutes P o p u l a ti o n 2 0 0 1
Co n te
about 11.4% of the total population of the State, D i s tr i c t nt
% Ra nk
standing first among the 14 districts of the state. Of the Urb a n Rura l To ta l
Urb a n 2 00 1
total population of the Malappuram district, 3, 561, 70
K a nnur 1212898 1196058 2408956 5 0 .3 1
is urban population. That is 9.82 % of the total Er n a k u l a m 1 4 7 7 0 8 5 1 6 2 8 7 1 3 3 1 0 5 7 9 8 4 7 .6 2
population of the District is in the urban areas of the K o zh i ko d e 1 1 0 1 1 5 7 1 7 7 7 9 7 4 2 8 7 9 1 3 1 3 8 .2 3
Th i r u va n a
District. There are five municipalities, Malappuram,
n th a p u r a
Manjeri, Perintalmanna, Tirur and Ponnani in the m 1091661 2142695 3234356 3 3 .8 4
district. The urban areas of Malappuram District is Al a p p u zh a 621457 1487703 2109160 2 9 .5 5
shown in Fig 8.1 Th r i s s u r 839433 2134799 2974232 2 8 .2 6

K a s a ra god 2 33 7 0 0 970378 1204078 1 9 .4 7
8.3 URBAN POPULATION CONTENT (EXISTING)
Kolla m 465978 2119230 2585208 18 8
K o tta ya m 299808 1653838 1953646 1 5 .3 9
The process of urbanization of an area can be
Pa lakkad 356575 2260907 2617482 1 3 .6 10
assessed in relation to its urban population content. P a th a n a m
The urban population content of Kerala state is 26%, th i tta 123798 1110218 1234016 10 11
M alap pu r a
whereas that of the District is 9.82%. On comparing the m 356170 3269301 3625471 9 .8 12
urban content of all the 14 District of the State, it can I d u kk i 57593 1071628 1129221 5 .1 13
be seen that the urban content of Malappuram District W a ya n a d 29612 751007 780619 3 .8 14
is very low, which is positioned in the 12th rank.
8.4 GROWTH RATE OF URBAN POPULATION
The graph (Fig 8.2) shows the decadal variation

in the urban population of Malappuram District from
1971 to 2001. The total urban population of the District
has increased from 124852 to 356170 in a period of three
decades. The variation during this period is somewhat
uniform.
Population
400000
350000 356170
300000
282454
250000
200000
177774 Population
150000
124852
100000
50000
0
1971 1981 1991 2001
Fig 8.2 Decadal variation of Urban Population in the

Fig 8.1 Urban Areas of the Malappuram District District

The graph (see Fig 8.3) shown below depicts
the growth rate of urban population against the growth
rate of population over the last two decades in the
District. The total population of the district has been
doubled since the formation of the district. But the
Urban population in the district has been tripled in the
corresponding period.
70
60 58.88
50
40 District
30 28.87
26.10 Urban
20
17.09
10
0
1981-91 1991-01
Fig 8.3 Comparison of Growth rate of Urban and District

Population
The growth rate of district population is more
when compared to the growth rate of the population
of the country and the state during the decade 1971-81 Fig 8.4: Growth rate of population- LSG wise variation
and 1981-91. But it is less than the national growth rate 8.5 URBAN SETTLEMENTS FROM 1971-2001
in the decade 1991-01.
The following table compares the growth rate The number of urban settlements of the district
of urban population of thedistrict with that of the State increased from 4 in 1971 to 5 in 1991 (see Table 8.6).
and the Nation. The table shows that there is a huge They are Malappuram, Manjeri, Tirur, Ponnani and
decline in the growth rate of urban population of the Perintalmanna, Perintalmanna being the newly added
state. The district also shows a reduction in urban municipal town.
growth rate. Table 8.6 – Urban settlements from 1971-

Table 8.5 Growth rate of urban population –
2001
Comparison with State and Nation
1981-91 1991-01
Non municipal towns
Urban out growths
Total area (sq km)

Municipal Towns
Total number of
Urban centres
Census Towns
Kerala 60.97 7.64

Census year
Malappuram 58.88 26.10

India 36.47 31.13
Growth rate of population among the LSGs of
the district as per census 2001 (Fig 8.4) shows that 1971 5 1 4 0 0 77.9
growth rate is the highest among those grama 1981 5 4 1 3 0 113
1991 5 5 0 1 0 172
panchayats adjacent to the urban LSGs and those along
2001 5 5 0 0 0 186
the major transportation corridors.
8.6 FUTURE URBANIZATION PROFILE OF THE to avoid the possibility of error, i.e. exclusion of some
DISTRICT of the actual urban areas in the extrapolation of the
data on classification of workers based on 1991 census,
The analysis of the occupational structure of the
the gramapanchayats with nonagricultural male
District shows that the production sectors- i.e., the
workers more than 70% (instead of 75%) is taken for
agriculture and industrial sector, shows declining trend
the study. Based on this, there are 44 grama panchayats
in the district. The only sector, which shows growth, is
identified in the district, which are satisfying the three-
the service sector. More than 50% of the total urban
fold census classification to be termed as urban, the
population depends on the service sector for their
list of which is given below.
lively hood. It is observed that rural area of the district
Sl. No. Name of Sl. No. Name of
is also slowly withdrawing from the primary sector and
panchayat panchayat
started depending more on the service sector. Because 1 Keezhparamba 23 Ponmundom
of this shift in the occupational structure some of the 2 Areakode 24 Perumanna Klari
rural areas will be having more than 75% of the male 3 Vazhakkad 25 Thanalur
workers in the non-agricultural category in the near 4 Vazhayoor 26 Niramaruthur
future and hence will fall in the category of census 5 Cherukavu 27 Cheriyamundom
urban. Hence there may be significant increase in the 6 Pulikkal 28 Thirunavaya
urban population as well as in the extent of urban areas 7 Kondotty 29 Thalakkad
8 Nediyiruppu 30 Triprangode
of the District in the future. In the following paragraphs,
9 Nilambur 31 Chelembra
the future urban LSGs are delineated based on the
10 Makkaraparamba 32 Pallikkal
three fold census classification as per census 2001, and 11 Koottilangadi 33 Oorakam
the results are further iterated with the factors like 12 Kodur 34 Vallikunnu
grade of the LSGs, hierarchy of settlements and the 13 Nannamukku 35 Thenhippalam
impact of proposed urban development projects. 14 Maranchery 36 Kannamangalam
15 Thavanoor 37 Munniyoor
Criteria 1 Existing urban areas
16 Edappal 38 Nannambra
17 Kalady 39 Tirurangadi
As per the Census 2001 there are 5 Urban LSGs in the 18 Valanchery 40 Vengara
district. They are 19 Kuttippuram 41 A.R. Nagar
1. Malappuram 20 Irimbiliyam 42 Thennala
2. Manjeri 21 Kottakkal 43 Parappur
3. Perintalmanna 22 Ozhur 44 Othukkungal
4. Tirur
5. Ponnani The classification of an area into urban
These are expected to retain their status. depending upon the 9 fold classifications of workers
Criteria 2 Census urban areas derived out of a mere extrapolation of the census 2001
data based on the previous decades data cannot be
A study of the existing occupational structure
taken as very accurate. Though it gives a near accurate
in various settlements of the District will put light on
those settlements likely to become census urban picture about the trend of urbanization, some other
shortly. For this an estimation of nine fold classification factors like the grade assigned to the Grama Panchayats
of workers of each settlement is attempted based on earliar, hierarchy of settlements and impact of proposed
the workers classification in the 1991 census. In order urban development projects need to be considered.
Criteria 3: Grade 1. Marancheri
The grading was done comparing physical and 2. Edappal
economical development in various LSGs. So ,here, in 3. Ponmundam
the absence of direct data to assess the physical and 4. Perumannaclari
economic development, the grade of Panchayat can 5. Tanalur
be taken as a proxy indicator to measure the physical 6. Niramaruthur
and economic development of the LSG. 7. Thirunavaya
8. Kannamangalam
Out of the 44 Panchayats listed based on
9. Moonniyur
criteria one, 17 are the Special grade Panchayts. The
10. Vengara
list of LSGs after exclusion of the lower grade
panchayats is given below. Wandoor, which is a special grade panchayat
with CFI Value 91.05 is also included in the list. Thus
1 Areekode the list of probable future Urban centres based on
2 Nilambur
hierarchy of settlements becomes as follows.
3 Maranchery
4 Thavanoor 1. Kottakkal
5 Edappal 2. Nilambur
6 Valanchery
3. Thenhippalam
7 Kuttippuram
8 Kottakkal 4. Kuttippuram
9 Ponmundom 5. Valanchery
10 Perumanna Klari 6. Areekode
11 Thanalur 7. Tavanur
12 Niramaruthur 8. Wandoor
13 Thirunavaya
14 Thenhippalam Criteria 5: Perspectives in urban development
15 Kannamangalam
16 Munniyoor Before finalizing the future urban profile of the
17 Vengara district, the urban development projects of the district
and their impact are also to be studied.
Criteria 4: Hierarchy of settlements
Important projects in the district which influence
The hierarchy of the above 17 LSGs in the the urban development are KINFRA food and IT Park at
overall context of the district are also to be taken in to Chelembra panchayat, LPG Bottling Plant of IOC at
account before finalizing the urban profile, because Thenhippalam Panchayat, Fishing Harbor and Cargo
the hierarchy of a settlement is an indicator on the Park at Ponnani, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal and
type and number of facilities in the settlement. The Regulator cum Bridge at Chamravattom.
Annexe 3 shows the hierarchy of the settlements. Out The industrial park of KINFRA located at
of the 17 Grama Panchayats listed above the following Kakkenchery in Chelembra panchayat houses a large
are in the category of settlements having the lowest number of food processing units, IT industries, a
hierarchy (CFI 0- 50) and hence excluded from the list Biotechnology unit and 10 acres of knowledge space
of probable future urban centres. and creates an average movement of 300 tones of

materials a day through the national highway. This 7. Tavanur

certainly will boost the industrial activities in the 8. Wandoor
district which in turn will influence the development. 9. Chelembra
Hence Chelembra Panchayat is included in the list of 10. Talakkad
future urban LSGs though it was excluded from the list 11. Triprangode
because of being a lower grade panchayat. 12. Kondotty
The Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge 13. Pallikkal
which is one of the major projects taken up by the State 14. Parappanangadi
Government paves way for the formation of a coastal 15. Angadippuram
highway; the project once completed will reduce the Clearly, the above LSGs will define the future urban
distance from Eranakulam to Kozhikode by about 20 profile of the District. The likely future urban profile of
km, improve the facilities for drinking water, irrigation the district evolved is shown in the Table 8.7 and the
etc. and also creates better inland water transportation same is shown in Fig 8.5.
and scope for tourism activities in the region. The LSGs
Angadippuram Panchayat which is expected to
which are to be benefited in the long run with the
attain urban nature by 2011 is adjacent to
realization of this project are Talakkad and Triprangode.
Perintalmanna, the first order settlement, and hence
Hence these two are included in the list even though
is assumed to become a part of the municipality.
they are lower order grama panchayats.
The Karipur International Airport located in Table 8.7: Future urban profile of the District
Kondotty and Pallikkal panchayats has a direct influence
Future probable Urban
on the development of these panchayats. The Sl No Existing Urban LSGs
Centres
proposed fishing harbour at Parappanangadi will also
influence the industrial development of the district. 1 Malappuram Kottakkal
Hence these grama panchayats are included in the list 2 Majeri Municipality Nilambur
of probable Urban LSGs. 3 Perintalmanna Angadippuram
4 Tirur Municipality Kondotty
Angadipuram, a special grade panchayat 5 Ponnani Parappanangadi
adjacent to Perintalmanna Muncipality is not included 6 Valancheri
in the list due to the percentage of nonagricultural male 7 Kuttippuram
workers being less than 70%, but as the developments 8 Thenhipalam
in Perintalmanna Muncipality have direct influence on 9 Tirurangadi
the developments in this grama panchayat and this 10 Areakode
need to be included in the list. 11 Thavanoor
12 Chelembra
The select list after including these seven
13 Triprangode
grama panchayats is given below. 14 Thalakkad
1. Nilambur 15 Pallikkal
2. Thenchipalam
16 Edappal
17 Wandoor
3. Kuttippuram
4. Kottakkal Note: Of the above, Kottakkal and Nilambur have attained
5. Valanchery urban status very recently (November 2010).
6. Areekode
The projected and existing urban areas and the future urban profile of the district shown in Fig
their proposed hierarchy are given in Table 8.8 and 8.5.
In the next 10 years

Existing Urban Centres
1 Kottakkal
1 Malappuram
2 Nilambur
2 Tirur
3 Angadippuram
3 Perintalmanna
4 Kondotty
4 Manjeri
5 Parappanangadi
5 Ponnani
In the next 20 years

1 Kuttippuram
2 Thenhippalam
3 Tirurangadi
4 Areekode
5 Tavanur
6 Chelembra
7 Triprangode
8 Talakkad
9 Pallikkal
10 Edappal
Fig 8.5: Future Urbanisation Profile 2021

Table 8.8: Urban Centres and their proposed The changing urban profile of the district from
Hierarchy 1971 to 2021 is shown in Table 8.9.
Table 8.9 Changing urban profile of the District

Period of
achieve
Urban areas
Corporation
Municipaliti
Out growth
Proposed
number of
Urban Centres
Municipal
municipal
Sl No ment of
Hierarchy
proposed
towns
Total
Year
Non
status
es
1 Malappuram Existing 2 1971 1 0 1 4 0
1981 4 0 4 1 3
2 Perintalmanna Existing 1 1991 5 0 5 0 1
3 Manjeri Existing 2 2001 5 0 5 0 1
2011 11 0 7 4 0
4 Tirur Existing 2 2021 22 0 22 0 0
8.7 URBAN VISION 2021
5 Ponnani Existing 2
It is envisaged that there will be 22 urban LSGs
6 Kottakkal 2011 3
in Malappuram district by the year 2021. Besides the
7 Nilambur 2011 3 existing 5 urban settlements Kottakkal, Nilambur,
8 Angadippuram 2011 3 Angadipuram, Kondotty, Parappanangadi and
Valanchery are expected to attain urban status by 2011
9 Kondotty 2011 3 and the next 11 settlements to become urban by 2021.
10 Parappanangadi 2011 4
8.8 INFERENCE
11 Valanchery 2011 3
12 Kuttippuram 2021 4 From the above study it can be concluded that
the level of urbanization of the State shows a declining
13 Thenhippalam 2021 3 trend in general. Malappuram District shows even a
14 Tirurangadi 2021 3 lesser level of urbanization when compared to the
State average. The percentage of urban population in
15 Areacode 2021 3 the district is somewhat steady in the past two decades.
16 Thavanur 2021 4 It indicates that the increase in the urban population
only by natural growth and the migration from the rural
17 Chelembra 2021 4 areas is only marginal. Malappuram is one of the least
18 Triprangode 2021 4 urbanized districts in the state, which occupies twelfth
place among the fourteen districts leaving only Idukki
19 Talakkad 2021 4 and Wayanad districts behind it. Considering the
20 Pallikkal 2021 4 criteria like existing urban areas, census urban areas,
grade of LSGs and hierarchy of settlements, the future
21 Edappal 2021 4 urban profile is derived. The number of urban centres
22 Wandoor 2021 3 in the district is expected to become 22 by the year
2021.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram ACTIVITY PATTERN 59
Chapter 9
ACTIVITY PATTERN
The activity pattern identifies the economic 9.3 DESCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONAL

activity for which the settlement under consideration CLASSIFICATION
is most suitable. This is derived from the settlement The function of a settlement is the major
studies (based on spatial analysis- study of the spatial
activity within the settlement. The functional
distribution of various aspects). The aspects under
character of each settlement is determined based on
consideration are land use concentration pattern,
the land use, population distribution and average plot
functional character (determined based on population
size within the settlement. It is classified as rural, semi
distribution and land use) and urban profile (derived
rural, semi urban and urban. The details are shown
from occupational structure and hierarchy of
Chapter 6 Functional Character.
settlements). These three aspects are considered
together in judging the most suitable activity pattern
for the LSG under consideration. 9.4 DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY PATTERN
The activity pattern of the settlements of the
9.1 DESCRIPTION OF LAND USE CONCENTRATION district is determined based on the land use
From the study of the land use pattern of the concentration pattern, functional character of the
district it is seen that urban activities are concentrated settlement and the future urban profile of the district.
more in the existing urban LSGs and those LSGs along This is presented in the Fig 9.1 and Table 9.1
the national highways and important state highways.
In majority of the LSGs agricultural land use is there. Table 9.1: Activity pattern of the Settlements of
Plantation activities are concentrated more in a few of the District
the north eastern LSGs, and there is a concentration of Name of
Sl
forest area in the eastern part of the district. Water Panchayats/Municip Activity Pattern
No.
bodies are seen more in the low land areas. The land alities
1 Alangode AGR+ANM HUSB
use concentration pattern has been analyzed in detail
2 Athavanad AGR+ANM HUSB
in Chapter 5 Land Use. 3 Cheriyamundom AGR+ANM HUSB
4 Cherukavu AGR+ANM HUSB
5 Chokkad AGR+ANM HUSB
9.2 DESCRIPTION OF FUTURE URBAN PROFILE
6 Edappal AGR+ANM HUSB
The future urban profile of the district is 7 Elamkulam AGR+ANM HUSB
determined based on criteria like existing statutary 8 Kalpakancheri AGR+ANM HUSB
urban areas, census urban areas, grade of LSGs, 9 Kannamangalam AGR+ANM HUSB
10 Kuzhimanna AGR+ANM HUSB
hierarchy of settlements and perspectives in urban
11 Mangalam AGR+ANM HUSB
development. It is estimated that the number of urban 12 Marakkara AGR+ANM HUSB
centres will become 22 in the next 20 years. This has 13 Nannambra AGR+ANM HUSB
been explained in detail in Chapter 8 Urban Profile 14 Nediyiruppu AGR+ANM HUSB
15 Niramaruthur AGR+ANM HUSB

60 ACTIVITY PATTERN District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
16 Parappanangadi AGR+ANM HUSB 62 Koottilangadi PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)

17 Perumanna Klari AGR+ANM HUSB 63 Kuruva PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
18 Perumpadappu AGR+ANM HUSB 64 Mankada PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
19 Peruvalloor AGR+ANM HUSB 65 Maranchery PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
20 Ponmundom AGR+ANM HUSB 66 Melattur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
21 Thanlur AGR+ANM HUSB 67 Moorkanad PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
22 Thavanoor AGR+ANM HUSB 68 Morayur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
23 Thenchippalam AGR+ANM HUSB 69 Makkaraparamba PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
24 Triprangode AGR+ANM HUSB 70 Nannamukku PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
25 Valanchery AGR+ANM HUSB 71 Oorakam PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
26 Valavannur AGR+ANM HUSB 72 Pandikkad PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
27 Vazhakkad AGR+ANM HUSB 73 Ponmala PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
28 Kalady AGR+ANM HUSB 74 Pookkottur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
29 A.R. Nagar AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 75 Porur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
30 Angadipuram AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 76 Pothukall PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
31 Areekode AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 77 Pulamanthole PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
32 Edarikkode AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 78 Pulikkal PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
33 Malappuram (M) AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 79 Pulpatta PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
34 Manjeri (M) AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 80 Puzhakkattiri PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
35 Munniyoor AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 81 Thazhekode PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
36 Othukkungal AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 82 Thuvvoor PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
37 Ozhur AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 83 Tiruvali PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
38 Pallikkal AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 84 Trikkalangode PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
39 Parappur AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 85 Urangattiri PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
40 Perintalmanna (M) AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 86 Vallikunnu PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
41 Purathur AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 87 Vattamkulam PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
42 Thalakkad AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 88 Veliyankode PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
43 Thennala AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 89 Vettathur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
44 Thirunavaya AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 90 Muthuvalloor PRI ACTIVITY(AGR)
45 Vengara AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 91 Amarambalam PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
46 Vettom AGR+SSI+ANM HUSB 92 Chaliyar PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
47 Chelembra PRI ACTIVITY 93 Chungathara PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
48 Wandoor PRI ACTIVITY 94 Edakkara PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
49 Aliparambu PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 95 Karulai PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
50 Anakkayam PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 96 Mampad PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
51 Cheekkode PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 97 Moothedom PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
52 Edapatta PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 98 Nilambur PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
53 Edavanna PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 99 Vazhikkadavu PRI ACTIVITY(PLANTATION)
54 Edayoor PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 100 Kondotty TER ACTIVITY
55 Irimpiliyam PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 101 Kottakkal TER ACTIVITY
56 Kalikavu PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 102 Kuttippuram TER ACTIVITY
57 Karuvarakundu PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 103 Ponnani (M) TER ACTIVITY
58 Kavannoor PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 104 Tanur TER ACTIVITY
59 Keezhattur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 105 Tirur (M) TER ACTIVITY
60 Keezhparamba PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 106 Tirurangadi TER ACTIVITY
61 Kodur PRI ACTIVITY(AGR) 107 Vazhayoor TER ACTIVITY
District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram ACTIVITY PATTERN 61
Fig 9.1: Activity Pattern of the settlements of the district
9.5 INFERENCE SSI along with agriculture and animal husbandary activity
It is seen that as per the activity pattern derived, is predominant. Ponnani and Tirur municipalities and
the predominant activity is primary activity (agriculture) the grama panchayats of Kondotty, Kottakkal,(presently
in 44 LSGs, in 9 LSGs the predominant activity is municipality), Kuttippuram, Tanur, Tirurangadi and
plantation. In 28 LSGs a mix of Agriculture and animal Vazhayoor exhibit Tertiary activity pattern.
husbandry activity is predominant. In another 18 LSGs

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram NODES 63
Chapter 10
NODES
10.1 NODES identified are weighed and the major ones are
proposed to be linked to the District Road Network.
The following criteria have been adopted for
identification of nodes.
 Nodes are identified on all important

intersections of roads in all the LSGs where there is
a concentration of commercial activities.
 Junctions with intense commercial activity or

physical development for a minimum distance of 250m
in all legs together or
In the Kerala context where urban rural
continuum persists, nodes have more importance than  In case of linear development, commercial
it has in any other part of the country. Nodes are the activity or physical development for a distance of
junctions formed by meeting of two or more roads. 250m.
The commercial development around these junctions
A list of important nodes identified within the
make them activity nodes and hence the name nodes.
district and their hierarchy is given in the Table 10.1
Extensive field survey has been carried out to and the spatial distribution of the nodes is shown in
identify the nodes and their linkages. The nodes Fig 10.1.
Table 10.1 Hierarchy of nodes
Sl
No. Name of node Order of nodes Weightage of nodes Name of LSG
1 Manjeri 1st order 23.25 Manjeri (M)
2 Areakode 18.25 Areakode
3 Malappuram 18 Malappuram (M)
2nd order
4 Kondotty 16.5 Kondotty

5 Perinthalmanna 15.5 Perinthalmanna (M)
6 Kottakkal 15 Kottakkal
7 Tirur 14 Tirur (M)
8 Vengara 13.75 Vengara
3rd order
9 Edavanna 12.25 Edavnna

10 Kuttippuram 11.5 Kuttippuram
11 Nilambur 11.25 Nilambur
12 Puthanathani 10.5 Mankara
64 NODES District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
13 Vylathur 9.75 Ponmundam

14 Angadipuram 9 Angadipuram
15 Valanchery 8.75 Valanchery
16 Wandoor 8.5 Wandoor
17 Karinkallathani 8 Thazhekode
18 Pandikkad 8 Pandikkad
19 Edappal 8 Edappal
20 Pookolathur 8 Kuzhimanna
21 Changaramkulam 7.75 Alangode
22 Chamravattam 7.25 Ponnani (M)
23 Chemmad 7 Tirurangadi
24 Valavannur 7 Valavannur
25 Anakkayam 4rd order 6.75 Anakkayam
26 Valluvambram 6.75 Pookkottur
27 Kavannur 6.75 Kavannur
28 Vadapuram 6.75 Mampad
29 Edarikkode 6.75 Edarikkode
30 Kadampuzha 6.75 Marakkara
31 Tiruvali 6.75 Tiruvali
32 Kolappuram 6.75 AR Nagar
33 Chelari 6.5 Munniyur
34 Parappanangadi 6.5 Parappanangadi
35 Vazhikkadavu 6.5 Vazhikkadavu
36 Pulamanthole 6.5 Pulamanthole
37 Makkaraparamba 6.5 Makkaraparamba
38 Kalikavu 6 Kalikavu
39 Koottilangadi 6 Koottilangadi
40 Pookottumpadam 6 Amarambalam
41 Mankada 6 Mankada
42 Karakunnu 6 Trikkalangode
43 Vadakkemanna 6 Kodur
44 Kolathur 6 Moorkanad
5th Order
45 Pulpatta 6 Pulpatta
46 BP Angadi 5.25 Thalakkad
47 Padaparamba 5.25 Kuruva
48 Thirunavaya 4.5 Thirunavaya
49 Tanur 2.25 Tnur
50 Pulikkal 2 Pulikkal
51 Othukkungal 2 Othukkungal

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram NODES 65
Identified since the service area identified do

not have the threshold population. The third order
nodes thus determined are
1. Valanchery
2. Valluvambram
3. Chemmad
4. Vylathur
5. Valavannur
6. Chamravattom
7. Edappal
Thus the suggested hierarchy of nodes are

as shown below.
Fig 10.1 spatial distribution of nodes
Manjeri is the first order node; Malappuram,

Areakode, Kondotty, Perintalmanna, Kottakkal and
Tirur are the second order nodes whereas Vengara,
Edavanna, Kuttipuram, Nilambur and Puthanathani are
the next lower order nodes.
10.2 SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF NODES
A node is considered as a commercial centre.

Hence a threshold population is fixed for each grade of
nodes. The population to be served by a second order
node is fixed as 4,50,000 and that by a third order node
as 80,000. Based on this the sizes of service area polygon
are worked out and the future higher order nodes are
identified. However no second order nodes are further Fig 10.2 Suggested Hierarchy of nodes

66 NODES District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Table 10.2 Proposed Hierarchy of Nodes
Ord Weigh 24 Pookolathur 8 Kuzhimanna

Sl er tage 25 Changaramkulam 7.75 Alangode
Name of node Name of LSGI
No. of of 26 Anakkayam 6.75 Anakkayam
nod
1st nodes 27 Kavannur 6.75 Kavannur
ord 28 Vadapuram 6.75 Mampad
1 Manjeri er 23.25 Manjeri (M)
2nd 29 Edarikkode 6.75 Edarikkode
4rd order
ord 30 Kadampuzha 6.75 Marakkara
2 Areakode er 18.25 Areakode 31 Tiruvali 6.75 Tiruvali
3 Malappuram 18 Malappuram (M) 32 Kolappuram 6.75 AR Nagar
4 Kondotty 16.5 Kondotty 33 Chelari 6.5 Munniyur
5 Perinthalmanna 15.5 Perinthalma nna (M) 34 Parappanangadi 6.5 Parappanangadi
6 Kottakkal 15 Kottakkal 35 Vazhikkadavu 6.5 Vazhikkadavu
7 Tirur 14 Tirur (M)
36 Pulamanthole 6.5 Pulamanthole
8 Vengara 13.75 Vengara
37 Makkaraparamba 6.5 Makkaraparamba
9 Edavanna 12.25 Edavnna
38 Kalikavu 6 Kalikavu
3rd order
10 Kuttippuram 11.5 Kuttippuram

39 Koottilangadi 6 Koottilangadi
11 Nilambur 11.25 Nilambur
40 m 6 Amarambalam
12 Puthanathani 10.5 Mankara
41 Mankada 6 Mankada
13 Valanchery 8.75 Valanchery
42 Karakunnu 6 Trikkalangode
14 Valluvambram 6.75 Pookkottur
43 Vadakkemanna 6 Kodur
5th Order
15 Chemmad 7 Tirurangadi
16 Vylathur 9.75 Ponmundam 44 Kolathur 6 Moorkanad
17 Valavannur 7 Valavannur 45 Pulpatta 6 Pulpatta
18 Chamravattam 7.25 Ponnani (M) 46 BP Angadi 5.25 Thalakkad
19 Edappal 8 Edappal 47 Padaparamba 5.25 Kuruva
20 Angadipuram 9 Angadipuram 48 Thirunavaya 4.5 Thirunavaya
4rd order
21 Wandoor 8.5 Wandoor 49 Tanur 2.25 Tnur

22 Karinkallathani 8 Thazhekode 50 Pulikkal 2 Pulikkal
23 Pandikkad 8 Pandikkad 51 Othukkungal 2 Othukkungal
10.3 INFERENCE
The nodes are formed at the road junctions. Based on existing hierarchy of nodes and areas un
The intensity of development at these nodes in most served by major nodes, the proposed hierarchy of
of the cases is depending upon the hierarchy of roads nodes of Malappuram district is derived. Accordingly,
meeting at these junctions. The pattern of distribution Manjeri is the existing first order node, Malappuram,
of the nodes shows that there is at least one Areekode, Kondotty, Perintalmanna, Kottakkal and
comparatively higher order node in most of the LSGs, Tirur are the second order nodes. Altogether there are
which serves the entire LSG and a number of lower 12 third order nodes of which 5 are existing third order
order nodes severing the immediate surroundings. nodes 7 are proposed third order nodes.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram CONNECTIVITY 67
Chapter 11
CONNECTIVITY
11.1 INTRODUCTION
The district‘s major regional linkages of
national importance are the Kochi - Mangalore NH 17
and Palakkad - Kozhikode NH 213. Shoranur- Mangalore
line and Shoranur – Nilambur road line passing through
the district impart the rail link to the district. Calicut
international Air port, the only airport in the Malabar
region located at Karippur in Pallikkal panchayat of
Malappuram district gives international connectivity
to the district. Railway Station,Tirur
11.2 ROAD NET WORK Tanur, Parappanangadi, Vallikkunnu and Kadalundi.
Cherukara, Angadippuram, Pattikad, Melattur, Tuvvur,
N H 17 & 213 are the major National Highways in
Todiyappulam, Vaniyambalam and Nilambur Road are
the district. It has a total length of 221.35 km passing
the stations in Shornur – Nilambur Road line. Tirur is
through the district. The major state highways in the
the most important station in the district; services are
district are Perumbilavu - Nilambur, Tirur - Manjeri,
available from this station to most of the towns within
Parappanangadi - Malappuram, and Kozhikode –
the state and the country.
Nilambur – Gudallur roads. The state PWD maintains
the SH and other district roads. The total length of 11.4 WATER TRANSPORT
roads maintained by the PWD is 1828 km. Apart from Water Transport is limited to Ponnani region.
these roads the LSGs of the district also own and Ponnani is a minor port in the estuary of the river
maintain a few roads totaling to a length of 12500 km. Bharathapuzha and is very shallow. The important
places connected by waterways are Ponnani, Tirur and
11.3 RAIL NETWORK
Tirurangadi. Tirur River which flows north-south forms
The ‘Shoranur – Mangalore’ and ‘Shoranur- part of West Coast water transport system. The share
Nilambur road’ are the two rail links in the district. The of water transport is negligible compared to other
history is that railway line connecting Kadalundi and modes of transport.
Tirur which form part of Shoranur – Mangalore line was
the first rail link opened for traffic by the Madras
Railway Company on 12 th March 1861 and it was
extended to Kuttippuram on lst May 1861. The Shoranur
– Nilambur feeder railway line was opened for traffic
in February 192. This railway line was constructed
mainly for the transportation of forest produces. The
total length of the Railway line in the district is 91 km.
The main stations along the Shoranur-Mangalore rail
links in the district are Kuttippuram, Thirunavaya, Tirur,
Boat service in Bharathapuzha
68 CONNECTIVITY District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
11.5 AIR TRANSPORT
The Calicut International Air Port located 24km

from the district headquarters is catering to the air
travel needs of the people of Malabar region. Services
are operated to the major destinations of the country
as well as the Gulf countries from this airport.
Calicut International Airport at Karippur
Fig 11.1 Transportation Network (Existing) - Malappuram District

11.6 FUTURE REGIONAL ROAD NETWORK
The future regional road net work is proposed in Fig 11.2). This is compared with the existing road
taking into consideration the hierarchy of settlements, network to identify the missing links. From the study it
hierarchy of nodes and existing linkages. For this a is seen that majority of these connections are existing
conceptual road network is formed by connecting the roads, though some of them need strengthening or
higher order settlements to higher order nodes(shown modification to alignment.
Fig11.2 Conceptual Road Network based on hierarchy of settlements

The table below shows the important connections shown in the conceptual road network.
Table 11.1 Important connections shown in the conceptual road network

Category
Sl No. Node/Settlement Name of Road of Road
1 Chamravattam Vattamkulam Ponnani- Palakkad Raod MDR
Thrisur - Kuttippuram SH
2 Kuttippuram VattamKulam Mangalapuram Edapally NH
3 Kuttippuram Valanchery Mangalapuram Edapally NH
4 V alanchery Changuvetty Mangalapuram Edapally NH
Mangalapuram Edapally NH
5 Tirurangadi Changuvetty Parappanangadi - Malappuram SH
Parappanangadi - Malappuram SH
6 Vengara Tirurangadi Parappanangadi - Malappuram SH
Parappanangadi - Malappuram SH
7 Tirurangadi Kondotty Parappanangadi - Areakode SH
Chemmad - Thalappara MDR
8 Tirurangadi Thenchipalam Mangalapuram Edapally NH
Kottappuram - Kakkanchery MDR
9 Thenchipalam Kondotty Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
Tirur - Manjeri SH
Puthoor - Padapramba MDR
Padaparamba - Angadippuram MDR
10 Perinthalmanna Changuvetty Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
Valanchery - Angadippuram MDR
11 V alanchery Perintalmanna Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
12 Malappuram Perintalmanna Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
13 Malappuram Valluvambram Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
Tirurkad - Anakkayam MDR
14 Perintalmanna Manjeri Tirur - Manjeri SH
15 Kondotty Valluvambram Kozhikode - Palakkad NH
16 Tirur Changuvetty Tirur - Manjeri SH

17 Changuvetty Malappuram Tirur - Manjeri SH
18 Malappuram Manjeri Tirur - Manjeri SH
Parappanangadi - Areekode SH
19 Kondotty Areekode Edavanna - Koilandy SH
20 Areekode Edavanna Edavanna - Koilandy SH
21 Manjeri Edavanna CNG Road SH
22 Manjeri Valluvambram CNG Road SH
23 Nilambur Edavanna CNG Road SH
Perumpilavu - Nilambur SH
24 Perintalmanna Wandoor Perintalmanna - Vadapuram MDR
25 Tirur Chamravattam BP Angadi - Chamravattam MDR
Manjeri - Areekode MDR
26 Manjeri Areekode Edavanna - Koilandy SH
Tiruvaly - Edavanna MDR
27 Wandoor Edavanna Tiruvaly - Wandoor MDR
28 Malappuram Vengara Parappanangadi - Malappuram SH
29 Tirur Valanchery No Alignment Existing
30 Tirur Tirurangadi No Alignment Existing
31 Valanchery Malappuram No Alignment Existing
32 Tirurangadi Valluvambram No Alignment Existing
33 Manjeri Wandoor Thrikkalangode- Wandoor MDR
From Fig.11.2 it is seen that the link between Initiative prepared in 2006-07 it can be seen that the
Vengara and Parappanangadi needs strengthening in a alternate alignments for some of the lengthy or
small stretch near Kakkad. Similarly the Thenhippalam- circuitous routes are not feasible due to the difficult
Kondotty road also need strengthening at some terrain and this need further detailed study.
stretches. The existing alignments viz. Tirur- Valanchery
The proposed regional road network is shown
and Tirur- Tirurangadi are very lengthy and need
in Fig 11.3. The Proposed Roads are
modification. There are no existing alignments for
1. Tirur – Valanchery
Valanchery- Malappuram and T irurangadi-
Valluvambram. For Manjeri- Wandoor there is an 2. Valanchery – Malappuram
existing unimportant road which needs strengthening. 3. Tirur – Tirurangadi
4. Tirurangadi – Valluvambram
Comparing the result of this study with that of 5. Wandoor – Nilambur.
the Road Connectivity Plan For Malappuram- An MGP
Fig 11.3 Proposed regional road network

11.7 INFERENCE
It can be concluded that Malappuram District rail and air; the share of water transport is negligible
is well connected to other parts of the State by road, compared to other modes of transport.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram SPATIAL STRUCTURE 73
Chapter-12
SPATIAL STRUCTURE
12.1 INTRODUCTION
The spatial structure of a region is defined as hierarchy of settlements, their activity pattern and
the geographical distribution of people and other uses connectivity among the constituent LSGs taken
of land across the region and the pattern of trips together gives shape to the spatial structure of an
necessitated by these land uses. Spatial structure of a area. This is obtained by overlaying the maps of
region defines the functions within the sub regions Activity Pattern, Hierarchy of settlements and
(LSGs), hierarchy and connectivity. The functional Connectivity.
Proposed Hierarchy
of settlements
Activity pattern
Proposed Road network
Spatial Structure
Fig 12.1: Formulation of Spatial Structure

74 SPATIAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
The spatial structural integrity is the key to 12.3 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

robust economic development of any region. The major
factors affecting the spatial structure of a region are
activity pattern of settlements, connectivity and
physiographical limitations.
12.2 ACTIVITY PATTERN
The plantation and dry cultivation are

concentrated mainly on the high land region. The
midland region has a concentration of agriculture and
consists of small market centres (nodes) almost evenly
distributed in the region. The urban centres also show
dispersed distribution in the district.
Fig 12.3 Proposed Hierarchy of settlements –Malappuram

District
The higher order settlements also show a trend

of following the transport corridor. No new second
order settlements are proposed. The south east
quadrant is devoid of a higher order settlement mainly
due to the concentration of plantations in this area.
12.4 PROPOSED ROAD NETWORK
Physiographically, the district has distinct high

land on the eastern side, a mid land region and a coastal
strip on the west. This makes the connectivity in east-
west direction difficult. However, even with these
limitations, a few roads are running in the east west
Fig 12.2 Activity pattern –Malappuram District
direction (T irur Manjeri State High way, Calicut

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram SPATIAL STRUCTURE 75
Nilambur Gudallore road, Valancheri Perintalmanna The plantation and forest resources are
road, Parappanangadi Malappuram road, Kottakkal concentrated in the eastern highland region. In the
Perintalmanna road etc). As a result the north south west, the coastal strip is segregated from the rest of
corridor which is very strong elsewhere in the state the district by railway line running in north south
with National Highway and Railway running in this direction. This is a constraint on connectivity. The
direction does not get a primacy. The proposed road economic activities, various land uses, workers and
net work connecting the higher order settlements are people are almost evenly distributed in the rest of the
shown in Fig 12.4. Most of these roads are existing district. The urban nodes are also evenly distributed
unimportant roads which have to be up graded as per showing a dispersed urban growth. The transport
the proposal. network (well developed) is in the form of a hub and
spoke with an outer ring strengthening this nature of
growth. Manjeri, Malappuram and Valluvambram
junctions come in the vertices of a triangle which forms
the hub. The spokes are approximately in the north,
south, east and west directions. Higher order
settlements (other than Manjeri and Malappuram) are
placed mostly at junctions where these hubs intersect
the outer ring. So the district has a sound spatial
structure which needs only a few improvements (like
standards of roads, alignment changes etc) by conscious
efforts.
Fig 12.4 Proposed Road network–Malappuram District
12.5 FORMULATION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Overlaying the activity pattern, hierarchy of
settlements and road network gives an idea of the
spatial structure of the district.
From the analysis the spatial structure is conceived

as follows:-
Fig 12.5 Formulation of Spatial structure
76 SPATIAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Fig 12.6 Spatial structure–Malappuram District

12.6 INFERENCE
spatial structure of the district includes distinct area
As per the proposed hierarchy of settlements, of forest resources, agricultural land and urban
there is one first order settlement, 4 second order activity area overlaid with higher order settlements
settlements and 9 third order settlements in the in an almost rational arrangement and the road system
District. The character wise analysis of these higher connecting the different activities to the higher order
order settlement shows that, the first order settlement, settlements and providing circulation among the
Perintalmanna Municipality is urban in nature. The higher order settlements.

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 77
Chapter 13
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Malappuram is the district having the largest analysis shows that urban development has taken place
number of LSGs in the state- 100 grama panchayats and mostly along the major transport corridors. This
7 municipalities. The physiography of the district indicates the necessity of proper planning intervention
deserve special mention as it have all the three in order to avoid haphazard growth.
divisions, namely high land in the eastern and north
The study of the functional character of
eastern parts, mid land in the central area and low land
settlements show that out of the 107 settlements 68
on the western side adjacent to the lakshadweep sea.
are rural, 29 are semi rural, 6 are semi urban and 4 are
The district has about 29% of its geographical area as
urban. This shows the comparatively lower level of
forest, mainly seen in the eastern part of the district.
urbanisation of the district.
The district has a rich history and cultural
In the suggested hierarchy of settlements,
heritage. It has a distinct position in the history of
there is one first order settlement, 4 second order
freedom struggle. The district is well connected to other
settlements and third order settlements in the District.
parts of the state and the country through three modes
The first order settlement, Perinthalmanna is urban in
of transport, viz. road, rail and air.
nature. Malappuram Municipality, though the
Malappuram is the most populous district in headquarters of the district, belongs to the second
the state, and also shows the highest rate of growth of order group, followed by the other three municipal
population. It ranks fifth in the state in population towns in the district, viz. Manjeri, Tirur and Ponnani.
density. Two third of the total population live in 28.27% Of the nine third order settlements Kottakkal and
of the area of the district, confined mostly to the low Nilambur have attained urban status recently;
land and midland areas. Angadippuram, Kondotty and Valanchery are expected
to attain urban status by 2011 and Thenhippalam,
The study of the occupational structure of the
T irurangadi, Areekode and Wandoor in 2021
district shows that around 76 % of the population are
respectively.
non workers. The district is having the lowest rate of
work participation in the state. With respect to number The District shows a lesser level of urbanization
of workers, there is a drastic decline in the primary when compared to the State average. The percentage
sector, mainly agriculture. The only sector which shows of urban population in the district is somewhat steady
growth is the service sector. It is observed that the rural in the past two decades. It indicates that the increase
areas of the district is also slowly withdrawing from in the urban population is only by natural growth and
the primary sector and have started depending more the migration from the rural areas is only marginal.
on the service sector. Malappuram is one of the least urbanized districts in
The district is blessed with land and other the state, which occupies twelfth place among the
natural resources. In most of the LSGs there is a high fourteen districts leaving only Idukki and Wayanad
concentration of agriculture land use. The land use districts behind it.

78 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Considering the criteria like existing urban order nodes. Altogether there are 12 third order nodes
areas, census urban areas, grade of LSGs and hierarchy of which 5 are existing third order nodes 7 are proposed
of settlements, the future urban profile is derived.It third order nodes.
is envisaged that there will be 22 urban LSGs in The district is well connected to other parts of
Malappuram district by the year 2021. Besides the the state by road, rail and air; the share of water
existing 5 urban settlements Kottakkal, Nilambur, transport is negligible compared to other modes of
Angadipuram, Kondotty, Parappanangadi and transport. The future regional road net work is
Valanchery are expected to attain urban status by 2011 proposed taking into consideration the hierarchy of
and the next 11 settlements to become urban by 2021. settlements, hierarchy of nodes and existing linkages.
For this a conceptual road network is formed by
Considering the functional character, future
connecting the higher order settlements to higher
urban profile and land use concentration in the LSGs,
order nodes (shown in Fig 11.2). This is compared with
suitable activity patterns are assigned to settlements
the existing road network to identify the missing links.
in the district. Activity pattern of 44 LSGs is agriculture,
From the study it is seen that majority of these
in 9 LSGs the predominant activity is plantation. In 28
connections are existing roads, though some of them
LSGs a mix of agriculture and animal husbandry activity
need strengthening or modification to alignment. The
is predominant whereas there is a predominance of
T irur-Valanchery, Tirur-T irurangadi, T irurangadi-
small scale industries also in addition to these two in
Valluvambram, Valanchery- Malappuram and
another 18 LSGs; Ponnani and Tirur municipalities and
Wandoor- Nilambur are the proposed roads. The
the grama panchayats of Kondotty, Kottakkal(presently
Proposed connectivity net work is shown in Fig 11.2
municipality), Kuttippuram, Tanur, Tirurangadi and
Vazhayoor exhibit Tertiary activity pattern. The spatial structure of the district is
determined by synergically linking the hierarchy of
The pattern of distribution of the nodes shows settlements and nodes, connectivity and the activity
that there is at least one comparatively higher order pattern of settlements. The spatial structure of
node in most of the LSGs, which serves the entire LSG Malappuram, thus evolved is depicted in Fig 12.6 of
and a number of lower order nodes serving the Chapter 12. It includes distinct area of forest resources,
immediate surroundings. Based on existing hierarchy agricultural land and urban activity area overlaid with
of nodes and areas un served by major nodes, the higher order settlements in an almost rational
proposed hierarchy of nodes of Malappuram district arrangement and the road system connecting the
is derived. Accordingly, Manjeri is the existing first different activities to the higher order settlements
order node, Malappuram, Areekode, Kondotty, and providing circulation among the higher order
Perintalmanna, Kottakkal and Tirur are the second settlements.
< CONTENTS > ANNEXES >>

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram ANNEXE 1 79
Annexe 1
TALUKS AND VILLAGES IN MALAPPURAM DISTRICT
ERNAD TALUK
1 Areekode 9 Kerala estate
2 Cheekode 10 Kurumbalangode
3 Chembrasseri 11 Mampad
4 Cherukavu 12 Nilambur
5 Edavanna 13 Porur
6 Elankur 14 Pullippadam
7 Karakunnu 15 Tiruvali
8 Kavanoor 16 Thuvvur
9 Kizhparamba 17 Vazhikkadavu
10 Kondotty 18 Vellayur
11 Kuzhimanna 19 Wandoor
12 Morayur
13 Muthuvallur
14 Nediyiruppu PERINTALMANNA TALUK
15 Pandallur
16 Pandikkad 1 Aliparamba
17 Perakamanna 2 Anamangad
18 Pookkottur 3 Angadippuram
19 Pulikkal 4 Arakkuparamba
20 Pulpatta 5 Edapatta
21 Trikkalangode 6 Elamkulam
22 Urangattiri 7 Kariavttom
23 Vazhakkad 8 Keezhattur
24 Vazhayur 9 Kodur
25 Vettikkattiri 10 Koottilangadi
26 Vettilappara 11 Kuruva
12 Kuruvambalam
NILAMBUR TALUK 13 Mankada
14 Melattur
1 Akampadam 15 Moorkanad
2 Amarambalam 16 Nenmini
3 Chokkad 17 Pulamanthole
4 Chungathara 18 Puzhakkattiri
5 Edakkara 19 Thazhekode
6 Kalikavu 20 Vadakkangara
7 Karulai 21 Valambur
8 Karuvarakundu 22 Vettathur

80 ANNEXE 1 District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
TIRUR TALUK
1 Ananthavoor 22 Thalakkad
2 Athavanad 23 Thanalur
3 Cheriyamundam 24 Thanur
4 Edayur 25 Thirunavaya
9 Kurumbathur 26 Triprangode
10 Kuttippuram 27 Valavannur
1 Ananthavoor 28 Vettom
2 Athavanad
3 Cheriyamundam
4 Edayur
9 Kurumbathur TIRURANGADI TALUK
10 Kuttippuram
1 AbruRahiman Nagar
11 Mangalam
2 Ariyallur
12 Marakkara
3 Chelembra
13 Melmuri
4 Kannamangalam
14 Naduvattom
5 Moonniyur
15 Niramaruthur
6 Nannambra
16 Ozhur
7 Neduva
17 Pariyapuram
8 Othukkungal
18 Perumanna
9 Pallikkal
19 Ponmala
10 Parappanangadi
20 Ponmundom
11 Parappur
21 Purathur
12 Peruvallur
22 Thalakkad
13 Thenhipalam
23 Thanalur
14 Thennala
24 Thanur
15 Tirurangadi
25 Thirunavaya
16 Urakam
26 Triprangode
17 Vallikunnu
27 Valavannur
18 Vengara
28 Vettom
11 Mangalam
PONNANI TALUK
12 Marakkara
13 Melmuri 1 Alancode
14 Naduvattom 2 Edappal
15 Niramaruthur 3 Kalady
16 Ozhur 4 Maranchery
17 Pariyapuram 5 Nannamukku
18 Perumanna 6 Perumpadappu
19 Ponmala 7 Thavanoor
20 Ponmundom 8 Vattamkulam
21 Purathur 9 Veliyancode

Annexe 2
POPULATION PROJECTION-KERALA
The population of the State is calculated based last four decades. The tables below (Table-1) show
on the decreasing rate method since the growth rate the population details of Kerala over a century.
of population of the State has been decreasing for the
Table 1 Population of Kerala

Year Total population Growth rate % Decrease in
Population Growth rate
1901 6396262
1911 7147673 11.75
1921 7802127 9.16 -22.06
1931 9507050 21.85 138.66
1941 11031541 16.04 -26.62
1951 13549118 22.82 42.32
1961 16903715 24.76 8.49
1971 21347375 26.29 6.18
1981 25453680 19.24 -26.83
1991 29098518 14.32 -25.56
2001 31841374 9.43 -34.17
The variation in the growth rate of population over a century is shown in the figure-1
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Series1 11.75 9.16 21.85 16.04 22.82 24.76 26.29 19.24 14.32 9.43
Fig. 1 Growth rate of Population-Kerala

Growth rate of population - Projection
30.00
25.00
20.00
Year
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2011 2021
Series1 11.75 9.16 21.85 16.04 22.82 24.76 26.29 19.24 14.32 9.43 6.21 4.08
Growth rate of ppn
Figure-2: Projected Growth rate of population - Kerala
The projected population details are shown in the table -2
Population of KERALA
Year Total population Growth rate % Decrease in
Population Growth rate
1901 6396262
1911 7147673 11.75
1921 7802127 9.16 -22.06
1931 9507050 21.85 138.66
1941 11031541 16.04 -26.62
1951 13549118 22.82 42.32
1961 16903715 24.76 8.49
1971 21347375 26.29 6.18
1981 25453680 19.24 -26.83
1991 29098518 14.32 -25.56
2001 31841374 9.43 -34.17
2011 33817196 6.21 -34.17
2021 35198589 4.08 -34.17

Annexe 3
ESTIMATION OF NINE FOLD CLASSIFICATION OF
WORKERS FOR 2001
LSGI name Cultiva- Agr lbrs Livestock, Mining Manufac- Manufa- Trade Transport , Other
tors Forestry, and turing, cturing, and storage Services
Fishing, Quarring Processing Processing, commerce and
Hunting, Serviciing servicing and Communic-
Plantation, and repairs in ations
Orchards, repairs in other than
and allied Household household
activites industries industries
Urangattiri 704 2766 1717 162 145 339 1078 407 2134
Keezhparamba 305 737 198 219 44 614 794 325 1518
Cheekkode 471 1570 129 365 112 792 656 301 1667
Areekode 411 1454 136 158 197 556 963 477 2404
Kavannoor 748 2040 235 232 206 662 903 494 2223
Kuzhimanna 838 1438 184 531 108 711 960 518 1637
Pulpatta 922 2600 212 623 166 548 1042 488 1761
Muthuvaloor 401 1336 109 313 97 676 557 256 1419
Vazhakkad 519 1247 338 375 142 1781 896 552 1652
Vazhayoor 247 1022 352 709 190 1423 1042 933 1604
Cherukavu 235 682 199 1091 102 1375 1368 1086 1949
Pulikkal 541 1211 440 1177 66 588 1110 645 1872
Kondotty 199 807 81 206 110 1207 1102 843 1440
Nediyiruppu 493 1226 162 192 79 882 1150 709 1665
Morayur 478 1363 261 338 113 676 998 699 1585
Pookkottur 741 1684 240 125 154 732 1055 703 1835
Anakkayam 979 2303 794 193 258 834 1714 952 2638
Pandikkad 1516 3670 306 210 389 803 1380 933 3309
Edavanna 765 3162 523 159 311 1019 1379 968 1967
Trikkalangode 1063 5445 401 169 212 682 1116 949 2143
Chaliyar 562 1589 2132 40 133 152 656 280 776
Chungathara 875 2869 1667 45 170 574 1212 523 1882
Pothukal 903 2341 1252 35 130 430 911 395 1414
Edakkara 564 1899 687 139 92 561 1157 397 1467
Moothedom 874 2867 657 32 168 222 623 256 952
Vazhikkadavu 1417 4705 768 44 353 508 1668 589 2176
Karulai 498 1624 1057 73 118 408 733 478 979
Nilambur 392 1303 734 48 309 1700 3009 1282 3068
Chokkad 562 1423 1960 108 285 329 1060 442 1602

LSGI name Cultiva- Agr lbrs Livestock, Mining Manufac- Manufa- Trade Transport , Other
tors Forestry, and turing, cturing, and storage Services
Fishing, Quarring Processing Processing, commerce and
Hunting, Serviciing servicing and Communic-
Plantation, and repairs in ations
Orchards, repairs in other than
and allied Household household
activites industries industries
Amarambalam 507 1774 2052 63 726 731 1314 588 1543
Kalikavu 557 1615 1852 102 268 310 1003 416 1514
Mampad 455 1732 881 100 186 701 1160 725 2074
Tiruvali 543 2333 289 260 233 589 1013 469 1599
Porur 590 2328 274 165 522 610 801 424 1257
Wandoor 949 3192 534 157 780 1541 1779 1047 2137
Thuvvoor 672 1790 552 171 308 687 1197 469 1277
Karuvarakundu 442 1011 3426 106 381 629 1580 815 1914
Mankada 822 2406 251 131 266 680 933 408 1773
Makkaraparamba 302 546 278 330 55 294 578 339 1071
Koottilangadi 404 1058 360 231 110 685 1407 861 2252
Kodur 564 738 526 130 99 596 1580 771 1763
Kuruva 764 1990 381 388 287 761 1458 790 2149
Puzhakkattiri 730 1626 225 69 220 931 1167 512 1568
Angadipuram 955 2974 327 163 336 1342 2191 976 3077
Pulamanthole 775 2542 216 97 201 689 1266 502 1954
Moorkanad 689 2205 226 308 249 649 1319 444 1651
Edapatta 730 2453 208 76 155 379 610 202 796
Melattur 606 2073 144 21 393 522 777 439 1176
Keezhattur 1020 2368 833 118 161 815 1122 372 1630
Vettathur 1045 2014 204 46 329 373 806 305 1184
Thazhekode 1011 3195 159 126 305 505 1296 431 1686
Aliparambu 1070 3182 115 107 439 797 1530 532 2019
Elamkulam 644 1793 167 113 284 491 1016 350 1217
Veliyankode 265 799 1673 4 149 929 1804 590 1342
Perumpadappu 307 381 1523 10 215 818 1590 476 1332
Nannamukku 728 953 210 25 264 747 1415 656 1736
Alangode 640 1427 293 130 132 957 1758 623 1799
Maranchery 323 1074 557 32 221 1111 1877 658 1753
Thavanoor 548 1421 361 318 337 885 1415 715 1812
Vattamkulam 743 1873 208 317 234 1208 1805 720 1720
Edappal 546 1299 276 126 228 1068 2011 877 1829
Kalady 483 1255 317 281 295 779 1241 628 1590
Marakkara 612 1181 845 254 108 495 971 1194 1636
Edayoor 395 1517 218 404 216 490 1446 622 1637
Valanchery 417 812 166 234 176 1040 2104 1086 2215

Athavanad 596 1123 1061 320 190 463 1163 928 1878
Kuttippuram 537 1094 437 415 456 1052 2699 1363 2358
Irimpiliyam 405 820 224 191 378 655 1647 625 1564
Kottakkal 435 676 225 126 128 2088 1704 985 2456
Ponmala 619 1074 351 94 136 672 1105 460 1458
Ozhur 475 963 308 112 477 441 1372 441 1432
Ponmundom 250 433 332 87 107 373 1065 526 1290
Perumanna Klari 325 542 256 62 67 474 918 464 1205
Thanlur 197 581 1523 61 204 782 2350 1059 1673
Niramaruthur 109 280 1072 43 143 549 1653 746 1176
Cheriyamundom 276 652 272 47 76 365 1275 638 1162
Valavannur 602 931 666 67 84 327 985 465 1138
Kalpakancheri 552 522 1106 39 71 408 1069 469 1427
Tanur 292 579 6322 51 522 1186 3454 1115 2198
Mangalam 142 309 2567 18 185 905 1596 599 1345
Thirunavaya 498 1185 490 114 182 887 1712 938 2183
Thalakkad 198 443 350 31 143 825 1700 717 2109
Vettom 183 565 4766 10 183 1204 2866 1066 2423
Purathur 428 788 2864 62 431 1670 1905 731 1606
Triprangode 490 1096 420 173 181 1041 2007 975 1896
Chelembra 128 772 206 280 115 1961 1092 821 1796
Pallikkal 471 972 151 492 280 1338 1528 806 2546
Oorakam 482 522 131 254 118 546 1168 543 1557
Vallikunnu 297 732 1841 254 657 1613 1922 1132 2542
Thenchippalam 201 817 136 116 133 896 1693 460 2592
Peruvalloor 406 1629 105 91 105 693 1311 355 2006
Kannamangalam 479 901 214 98 117 1028 2287 601 1398
Munniyoor 521 1176 263 92 624 1309 3707 907 2241
Parappanangadi 280 956 4441 34 505 1476 3436 1080 2795
Nannambra 329 732 304 43 138 812 2338 482 1541
Tirurangadi 308 577 271 28 157 1738 4005 1053 2400
Vengara 464 1121 240 112 133 1165 2588 679 1583
A.R. Nagar 360 935 80 37 248 1038 2516 325 1494
Thennala 236 364 193 31 71 475 1574 348 927
Parappur 389 548 416 154 347 670 1503 616 1896
Othukkungal 453 645 515 61 206 752 1370 803 2302
Edarikkode 448 775 450 52 45 690 985 512 1396
Manjeri 629 2580 644 382 322 2029 6670 2656 5250
Malappuram 411 792 525 313 212 1704 3854 1734 4604
Perinthalmanna 331 1607 98 45 342 1413 2354 1260 4636
Ponnani 96 420 5270 57 262 2061 4259 3235 4790
Tirur 126 514 415 39 210 1684 4260 1634 3088

Annexe 4
LIST OF LSGs WITH CI OF VARIOUS LAND USES
GREATER THAN ONE
Name of LSG Forest Water bodies Residential Agriculture Plantation Res/Agr Mix Other
Built-up
A.R. Nagar   
Alangode   
Aliparambu  
Amarambalam 
Anakkayam 
Angadipuram   
Areekode     
Athavanad   
Chaliyar  
Cheekkode  
Chelembra   
Cheriyamundom  
Cherukavu   
Chokkad 
Chungathara   
Edakkara  
Edapatta 
Edappal   
Edarikkode   
Edavanna   
Edayoor  
Elamkulam    
Irimpiliyam   
Kalady  
Kalikavu 
Kalpakancheri   
Kannamangalam
Karulai  
Karuvarakundu  
Kavannoor 
Keezhattur  
Keezhparamba   
Kodur 
Kondotty   
Koottilangadi   

Kottakkal    
Kuruva  
Kuttippuram    
Kuzhimanna   
Makkaraparamba   
Malappuram   
Mampad   
Mangalam   
Manjeri   
Mankada 
Marakkara    
Maranchery  
Melattur  
Moorkanad  
Moothedom  
Morayur 
Munniyoor     
Muthuvalloor  
Nannambra  
Nannamukku  
Nediyiruppu  
Nilambur     
Niramaruthur  
Oorakam 
Othukkungal   
Ozhur    
Pallikkal   
Pandikkad  
Parappanangadi    
Parappur     
Perinthalmanna   
Perumanna Klari   
Perumpadappu   
Peruvalloor 
Ponmala   
Ponmundom   
Ponnani     
Pookkottur  
Porur 
Pothukall 
Pulamanthole    
Pulikkal  

Pulpatta  
Purathur  
Puzhakkattiri   
Tanur    
Thalakkad   
Thanlur  
Thavanoor  
Thazhekode  
Thenchippalam    
Thennala  
Thirunavaya    
Thuvvoor 
Tirur     
Tirurangadi     
Tiruvali  
Trikkalangode 
Triprangode   
Urangattiri 
Valanchery    
Valavannur   
Vallikunnu   
Vattamkulam   
Vazhakkad     
Vazhayoor     
Vazhikkadavu  
Veliyankode  
Vengara   
Vettathur  
Vettom    
Wandoor  

Annexe 5
CONCENTRATION INDEX OF URBAN, AGRICULTURE,
FOREST AND PLANTATION LAND USE
Concentration Index 40 Kodur 1.23 1.38 0.08 0
Sl.N Name of
Agricult Plantat 41 Kuruva 1.17 1.42 0 0
o Panchayats Urban Forest
ure ion 42 Puzhakkattiri 0.32 1.49 0 0
1 Urangattiri 1.23 0.85 1.9 0 43 Angadipuram 0.41 1.49 0 0
2 Keezhparamba 0.71 1.26 0.42 0 44 Pulamanthole 0.86 1.42 0 0
3 Cheekkode 2.49 1.28 0 0 45 Moorkanad 0.63 1.45 0 0
4 Areekode 3.81 1.14 0 0 46 Edapatta 0.25 1.48 0.07 0
5 Kavannoor 0.72 1.45 0 0 47 Melattur 0.57 1.46 0 0
6 Kuzhimanna 3.58 1.19 0 0 48 Keezhattur 0.49 1.47 0 0
7 Pulpatta 1.02 1.43 0 0 49 Vettathur 0.47 1.18 1.05 0
8 Vazhakkad 2.52 1.21 0 0 50 Thazhekode 0.67 1.28 0.64 0
9 Vazhayoor 2 1.24 0 0 51 Aliparambu 0.21 1.49 0 0
10 Cherukavu 3.65 1.19 0 0 52 Elamkulam 1.49 1.35 0 0
11 Pulikkal 3.31 1.23 0 0 53 Veliyankode 0.29 1.32 0 0
12 Kondotty 2.5 1.29 0 0 54 Perumpadappu 0.44 1.39 0 0
13 Nediyiruppu 2.99 1.25 0 0 55 Nannamukku 0.03 1.46 0 0
14 Morayur 1.87 1.36 0 0 56 Alangode 0.17 1.5 0 0
15 Pookkottur 1.09 1.43 0 0 57 Maranchery 0.07 1.07 0 0
16 Anakkayam 0.42 1.46 0 0 58 Thavanoor 0.16 1.31 0 0
17 Pandikkad 0.46 1.47 0.02 0 59 Vattamkulam 0.14 1.52 0 0
18 Edavanna 1 1.3 0.33 0 60 Edappal 0.02 1.17 0 0
19 Trikkalangode 0.51 1.48 0 0
61 Marakkara 2.29 1.31 0 0
20 Chaliyar 0.54 0.3 3.72 1.22
62 Edayoor 2.34 1.31 0 0
21 Chungathara 0.68 0.72 2.09 1.64
63 Valanchery 2.06 1.33 0 0
22 Pothukal 0.48 0.14 4.51 0
64 Athavanad 2.17 1.33 0 0
23 Edakkara 0.21 0.76 1.56 4.59
65 Kuttippuram 2.44 1.08 0 0
24 Moothedom 0.04 1.14 0 6.44
66 Irimpiliyam 0.87 1.35 0 0
25 Vazhikkadavu 0.07 0.4 2.73 5.16
67 Kottakkal 3.95 1.16 0 0
26 Karulai 0.34 0.17 3.19 6.21
68 Ponmala 1.06 1.43 0 0
27 Nilambur 0.19 1.2 0 4.06
69 Ozhur 0.49 1.49 0 0
28 Chokkad 0.36 0.63 2.85 0
29 Amarambalam 70 Ponmundom 0.48 1.49 0 0
0.43 0.44 3.51 0.07 Perumanna
30 Kalikavu 0.41 1.16 0.94 0.92 71 3.45 1.21 0 0
Klari
31 Mampad 0.38 0.8 1.3 4.77 72 Thanlur 0.26 1.5 0 0
32 Tiruvali 0.93 1.44 0 0 73 Niramaruthur 0.28 1.49 0 0
Cheriyamundo
33 Porur 0.68 1.46 0.03 0 74 0.3 1.5 0 0
m
34 Wandoor 0.45 1.46 0.09 0 75 Valavannur 0.36 1.5 0 0
35 Thuvvoor 0.16 1.51 0 0 76 Kalpakancheri 1.78 1.37 0 0
36 Karuvarakundu 0.43 0.98 1.72 0 77 Tanur 1.66 0 0 0
37 Mankada 0.78 1.37 0.31 0 78 Mangalam 0.46 1.41 0 0
38 Nakkaraparamba 0.9 1.44 0 0 79 Thirunavaya 0.21 1.38 0 0
39 Koottilangadi 1.01 1.4 0 0 80 Thalakkad 0.07 1.48 0 0

81 Vettom 0.66 1.35 0 0 94 Tirurangadi 2.59 0 0 0

82 Purathur 0.6 0 0 0 95 Vengara 3.53 0 0 0
83 Triprangode 0.01 1.37 0 0 96 A.R. Nagar 5 0 0 0
84 Chelembra 97 Thennala 3.65 0 0 0
0.95 1.44 0 0
98 Parappur 2.4 1.26 0 0
85 Pallikkal 4.37 1.12 0 0
99 Othukkungal 1.17 1.4 0 0
86 Oorakam 2.97 1.25 0 0
100 Edarikkode 4.69 1.08 0 0
87 Vallikunnu 0.38 1.3 0 0
101 Manjeri 0.63 1.47 0 0
88 Thenchippalam 2.84 1.24 0 0
102 Malappuram 1.56 1.35 0 0
89 Peruvalloor 6.26 0.94 0 0
103 Perinthalmanna 0.65 1.46 0.02 0
90 Kannamangalam 6.39 0.94 0 0 104 Ponnani 1.25 0 0 0
91 Munniyoor 1.88 1.23 0 0 105 Tirur 0.8 0 0 0
92 Parappanangadi 0.62 1.42 0 0 106 Muthuvallur 2.49 1.28 0 0
93 Nannambra 0.57 1.46 0 0 107 Kalady 0.16 1.31 0 0

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram ANNEXE 6A 91
Annexe 6A
WEIGHTAGE OF FACILITIES
Name of Facilities Weightage
Post Office HO 26.75
LP and UP 1
HS 1
HSS 1.13
Arts & Science College 4.65
BEd College 8.23
Teachers Training Institute 8.92
Engineering College/ College of Science and Technology/Poly Technic 9.73
Medical college ( Ayurveda/Allopathy/Homeo) 53.5
Banks(National/scheduled/cooperative bank) 1.02
Seed Farm 17.83
Market -Weekly 4.28
ITC/ITI 3.96
Taluk Hospital/District Hospital 17.83
CHC 11.89
PHC 1.13
ESI Hospital 35.67
Super speciality 107
Speciality Alone 35.67
Veteriinary Hospital 6.29
Krishi Bhavan 1.01
Fire station 21.4
Ferries/Boat jetty 107
Railway Station 8.23
Bus stand 3.45
Cinema A 21.4
Cinema B 6.69
Cinema C 1.62
Airport 107
University 107
Telephone exchange 1.57

92 ANNEXE 6B District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Annexe 6B
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONAL INDEX (CFI) OF
SETTLEMENTS
Sl.No Name of LSG CFI Sl.No Name of LSG CFI

1 Thennala 9.17 37 Kalikavu 26.13
2 Kalady 10.13 38 Pookkottur 26.79
3 Niramaruthur 10.92 39 Perumpadappa 27.38
4 Ponmundam 12.21 40 Kuruva 27.70
5 Karulai 13.87 41 Makkaraparamba 27.96
6 Muthuvaloor 14.26 42 Urangattiri 28.04
7 Chaliyar 15.94 43 Kodur 28.04
8 Abdu Rahiman Nagar 16.36 44 Puzhakkattiri 28.26
9 Tanalur 16.89 45 Mambad 28.67
10 Moothedam 16.93 46 Kizhuparamba 29.19
11 Edappatta 17.36 47 Morayur 29.37
12 Thiruvali 17.51 48 Moonniyur 29.62
13 Kannamangalam 17.81 49 Alamcode 29.71
14 Edayoor 17.89 50 Pulikkal 30.23
15 Vettathur 18.36 51 Pulamanthole 31.06
16 Porur 18.89 52 Vettom 31.08
17 Nediyiruppu 18.96 53 Cheekkode 31.23
18 Ozhur 19.00 54 Marancheri 31.28
19 Cherukavu 19.44 55 Talakkad 31.47
20 Nannamukku 19.49 56 Chelambra 32.51
21 Perumanna Clari 19.62 57 Kavanoor 33.16
22 Irimbiliyam 20.00 58 Purathur 33.85
23 Ponmala 20.19 59 Vazhikkadavu 34.20
24 Cheriyamundam 21.06 60 Valavannur 34.24
25 Peruvallur 21.58 61 Pallikkal 34.24
26 Urakam 22.13 62 Elamkulam 34.45
27 Marakkara 22.85 63 Vengara 34.53
28 Pulpatta 23.15 64 Edappal 34.90
29 Veliyankode 23.59 65 Trikkalangode 35.01
30 Thuvvur 23.74 66 Vattamkulam 35.83
31 Kuzhimanna 23.77 67 Mangalam 36.72
32 Triprangode 23.96 68 Thirunavaya 37.36
33 Othukkungal 24.49 69 Chokkade 37.79
34 Moorkkanad 25.26 70 Mankada 37.85
35 Edarikode 25.75 71 Karuvarakundu 38.49
36 Nannambra 26.03 72 Aliparamba 39.18

District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram ANNEXE 6B 93
Sl.No Name of LSG CFI Sl.No Name of LSG CFI

73 Vazhayur 39.37 90 Areekode 69.39
74 Keezhattur 40.41 91 Vazhakkad 70.63
75 Edakkara 41.97 92 Tirurangadi 70.74
76 Amarambalam 42.92 93 Kuttippuram 73.20
77 Koottilangadi 43.25 94 Anakkayam 74.92
78 Vallikkunnu 44.23 95 Edavanna 76.60
79 Pothukal 44.92 96 Wandoor 91.05
80 Melattur 47.71 97 Parappanangadi 98.77
81 Pandikkad 47.89 98 Thenhippalam 137.39
82 Chungathara 50.56 99 Nilambur 162.46
83 Kalpakancheri 50.87 100 Kottakkal 163.98
84 Tavanur 52.20 101 Angadippuram 170.84
85 Parappur 53.71 102 Kondotty 174.90
86 Athavanad 56.04 103 Malappuram (M) 230.60
87 Thazhekode 62.24 104 Manjeri (M) 231.45
88 Valanchery 64.55 105 Tirur (M) 285.66
89 Tanur 66.20 106 Ponnani (M) 310.90
107 Perintalmanna (M) 522.46

Annexe 7
EXISTING HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
Order of the Sl No. Name of the Order of the Sl No. Name of the
Settlement Settlement Settlement Settlement
I 1 Perintalmanna (M) 24 Keezhattur
2 Ponnani (M) 25 Vazhayur
II 3 Tirur (M) 26 Aliparamba
4 Manjeri (M) 27 Karuvarakundu
1 Malappuram (M) 28 Mankada
2 Kondotty 29 Chokkade
3.0 Angadippuram 30 Thirunavaya
III 4 Kottakkal 31 Mangalam
5 Nilambur 32 Vattamkulam
1 Thenhippalam 33 Trikkalangode
2 Parappanangadi IV 34 Edappal
3 Wandoor 35 Vengara
4 Edavanna 36 Elamkulam
5 Anakkayam 37 Pallikkal
6 Kuttippuram 38 Valavannur
7 Tirurangadi 39 Vazhikkadavu
8 Vazhakkad 40 Purathur
9 Areekode 41 Kavanoor
10 Tanur 42 Chelambra
11 Valanchery 43 Talakkad
12 Thazhekode 44 Marancheri
IV 13 Athavanad 45 Cheekkode
14 Parappur 46 Vettom
15 Tavanur 47 Pulamanthole
16 Kalpakancheri 48 Pulikkal
17 Chungathara 49 Alamcode
18 Pandikkad 50 Moonniyur
19 Melattur 51 Morayur
20 Pothukal 52.0 Kizhuparamba
21 Vallikkunnu 53 Mambad
22 Koottilangadi 54 Puzhakkattiri
23 Amarambalam 55 Kodur
Edakkara 56 Urangattiri

Order of the Sl No. Name of the Order of the Sl No. Name of the
Settlement Settlement Settlement Settlement
57 Makkaraparamba 77 Perumanna Clari
58 Kuruva 78 Nannamukku
59 Perumpadappa 79 Cherukavu
60 Pookkottur 80 Ozhur
61 Kalikavu 81 Nediyiruppu
62 Nannambra 82 Porur
63 Edarikode 83 Vettathur
64 Moorkkanad 84 Edayoor
65 Othukkungal 85 Kannamangalam
66 Triprangode 86 Thiruvali
IV 67 Kuzhimanna IV 87 Edappatta
68 Thuvvur 88 Moothedam
69 Veliyankode 89 Tanalur
70 Pulpatta 90 Abdu Rahiman Nagar
71 Marakkara 91 Chaliyar
72 Urakam 92 Muthuvaloor
73 Peruvallur 93 Karulai
74 Cheriyamundam 94 Ponmundam
75 Ponmala 95 Niramaruthur
76 Irimbiliyam 96 Kalady
97 Thennala

Annexe 8
CENTRALIITY AND CONNECTIVITY
A - Centrality
Centrality: - Centrality is the locational next layer of settlements adjacent to the settlements
importance acquired by an area because of its position having the regional centrality value of 2, possess the
in the geographical center or proximity to the regional centrality value of 3. In this way, the regional
geographical center of a region. An area placed in the centrality value of any settlement in a region can be
centre of a region or near to the center possesses the calculated. The figure below shows the variation of the
advantage that it is accessible (if there is no physical centrality value of various Local bodies of the District.
barrier in between) equally from all parts of the region
under consideration. In practical terms a local body Regional Centrality
located in the centre of a District has a potential deriving
LSG Value of
out of its central location with respect to the District.
Centrality
For deriving the proposed hierarchy of the settlement, Manjeri 1
this criteria, the centrality of the settlements are also Pandikkad 2
to be taken into account. An attempt is made here to Pulpatta 2
quantify the centrality of an area to make this value in Trikkalangode 2
analysis. Anakkayam 2
Pookkottur 2
This centrality value is very much useful in
Kalikavu 3
identifying the proposed hierarchy of various local Edapatta 3
bodies. The most important part in the identification Kavannoor 3
of the hierarchy of settlements is assigning various Edavanna 3
order (1 st Order, 2 nd Order, 3 rd Order etc.) to the Porur 3
settlement and for of this centrality at different levels Thuvvoor 3
are to be calculated. Practically it can be assumed that Keezhattur 3
centrality at three levels are existing. They are Regional Kuzhimanna 3
centrality, Sub regional centrality and Local Centrality Tiruvali 3
Mankada 3
Regional Centrality Koottilangadi 3
Regional Centrality is the locational Oorakam 3
importance, a settlement is deriving out of its proximity Morayur 3
to the geographical central position of the region. A Malappuram 3
settlement falling at the centre of the region possesses Chokkad 4
the maximum regional centrality value of 1 and it can Karuvarakundu 4
be termed as the central settlement. Those Melattur 4
Vettathur 4
settlements adjacent to the central settlement can be
Areekode 4
said to possess the regional centrality value of 2. The
LSG Value of Elamkulam 6

Centrality Irimpiliyam 6
Angadipuram 4 Parappanangadi 6
Kuruva 4 Thenchippalam 6
Kannamangalam 4 Valanchery 6
Nediyiruppu 4 Athavanad 6
Makkaraparamba 4 Ozhur 6
Kodur 4 Nannambra 6
Ponmala 4 Munniyoor 6
Vengara 4 Kalpakancheri 6
Othukkungal 4 Perumanna 6
Parappur 4 Klari 6
Muthuvalloor 4 Moothedom 6
Urangattiri 4 Chungathara 6
Mampad 4 Kuttippuram 7
Wandoor 4 Thanlur 7
Keezhparamba 5 Tanur 7
Amarambalam 5 Thirunavaya 7
Thazhekode 5 Ponmundom 7
Pulamanthole 5 Valavannur 7
Moorkanad 5 Vallikunnu 7
Pallikkal 5 Pothukall 7
Pulikkal 5 Vazhikkadavu 7
Puzhakkattiri 5 Edakkara 7
Edayoor 5 Niramaruthur 8
Tirurangadi 5 Triprangode 8
Peruvalloor 5 Thalakkad 8
Kondotty 5 Cheriyamundom 8
Marakkara 5 Thavanoor 8
Thennala 5 Tirur 8
A.R. Nagar 5 Vattamkulam 9
Kottakkal 5 Purathur 9
Edarikkode 5 Mangalam 9
Cheekkode 5 Vettom 9
Perinthalmanna 5 Kalady 9
Chaliyar 5 Alangode 10
Karulai 5 Edappal 10
Nilambur 5 Ponnani 10
Chelembra 6 Nannamukku 11
Cherukavu 6 Veliyankode 11
Vazhayoor 6 Maranchery 11
Vazhakkad 6 Perumpadappu 12
Aliparambu 6

DIVISION PANCHAYAT CENTRALITY

Sub Regional Centrality VALUE
SE 1 Thuvvoor 1
Sub Regional centrality is the locational 1 Kalikavu 2
importance; a settlement is deriving out of its proximity 1 Karuvarakundu 2
to the geographical centre of a sub-region. A region 1 Edapatta 2
can be divided into four sub-regions, Viz North-East 1 Porur 2
1 Pandikkad 2
region, North-West region, South-East region and South
1 Chokkad 3
West region. A settlement falling in the center of a
1 Keezhattur 3
sub-region will possess the maximum sub regional 1 Wandoor 3
value of 1 and this settlement can be termed as the sub 1 Amarambalam 4
regional central settlement. Those settlements 1 Melattur 4
adjacent to the central settlement can be said to 1 Vettathur 5
possess the Sub regional centrality value of 2. Similarly, 1 Karulai 5
settlements adjacent to the settlements with centrality 1 Thazhekode 6
value of 2 can be said to possess sub-regional centrality SW 2 Valanchery 1
2 Irimpiliyam 2
value of 3. The sub-regional centrality value of any
2 Kuttippuram 2
settlement in sub regional can be assessed like this.
2 Edayoor 2
The figure below shows the variation of the sub 2 Athavanad 2
regional centrality value of various Local bodies of the 2 Marakkara 2
District. 2 Moorkanad 3
2 Kuruva 3

DIVISION PANCHAYAT CENTRALITY 3 Tirurangadi 3

VALUE 3 Munniyoor 3
2 Thirunavaya 3 3 Kondotty 3
2 Ponmala 3 3 Kuzhimanna 3
2 Kalpakancheri 3 3 Thennala 3
2 Thavanoor 3 3 Morayur 3
2 Kottakkal 3 3 Othukkungal 3
2 Pulamanthole 4 3 Edarikkode 3
2 Vattamkulam 4 3 Parappur 3
2 Puzhakkattiri 4 3 Muthuvalloor 3
2 Triprangode 4 3 Malappuram 3
2 Thalakkad 4 3 Vazhayoor 4
2 Kodur 4 3 Vazhakkad 4
2 Valavannur 4 3 Parappanangadi 4
2 Kalady 4 3 Ozhur 4
2 Angadipuram 5 3 Nannambra 4
2 Mankada 5 3 Pulpatta 4
2 Elamkulam 5 3 Perumanna Klari 4
2 Alangode 5 3 Pookkottur 4
2 Purathur 5 3 Vallikunnu 4
2 Mangalam 5 3 Cheekkode 4
2 Edappal 5 3 Thanlur 5
2 Makkaraparamba 5 3 Tanur 5
2 TKoottilangadi 5 3 Ponmundom 5
2 Ponnani 5 3 Manjeri 5
2 Perinthalmanna 5 3 Niramaruthur 6
2 Cheriyamundom 5 3 Tirur 6
2 Nannamukku 6 3 Vettom 7
2 Veliyankode 6 NE 4 Nilambur 1
2 Maranchery 6 4 Mampad 2
2 Anakkayam 6 4 Chaliyar 2
2 Aliparambu 6 4 Chungathara 2
2 Perumpadappu 7 4 Edavanna 3
NW 3 Kannamangalam 1 4 Tiruvali 3
3 Pallikkal 2 4 Urangattiri 3
3 Peruvalloor 2 4 Pothukall 3
3 Nediyiruppu 2 4 Edakkara 3
3 Vengara 2 4 Moothedom 3
3 A.R. Nagar 2 4 Trikkalangode 4
3 Oorakam 2 4 Vazhikkadavu 4
3 Chelembra 3 4 Areekode 4
3 Cherukavu 3 4 Kavannoor 4
4 Keezhparamba 5
3 Thenchippalam 3
3 Pulikkal 3

Local Centrality
The Sub regions identified earlier can be LSG Grade of Type of road
further divided into four parts (NE, NW, SE, SW) and Railway Station
each area can be termed as a local area & the centrality A.R. Nagar NH
Alangode SH
of a settlement deriving out of the proximity of the
Aliparambu MDR
settlement with the centre of the local area can be
Amarambalam SH
termed as the local centrality. Like regional centrality, Anakkayam SH
different settlements can have the local centrality Angadipuram D NH
value of 1, 2, 3 etc. The figure below shows the variation Areekode SH
of the local centrality value of various Local bodies of Athavanad NH
the District. Chaliyar MDR
Cheekkode MDR
Chelembra NH
Cheriyamundom SH
Cherukavu NH
Chokkad SH
Chungathara SH
Edakkara SH
Edapatta SH
Edappal MDR
Edarikkode NH
Edavanna SH
Edayoor SH
Elamkulam F SH
Irimpiliyam MDR
Kalady NH
Kalikavu SH
Kalpakancheri NH
Kannamangalam SH
B - Connectivity Karulai MDR
Karuvarakundu SH
Connectivity is a term to denote how well an Kavannoor SH
area is connected to other parts of the region (inter Keezhattur F SH
regional) or other regions (intra regional). Two Keezhparamba SH
indicators are taken to assess the connectivity of an Kodur SH
area under consideration with other areas. First criteria Kondotty NH
Koottilangadi NH
is the existence of a road of the category of NH, SH or
Kottakkal NH
MDR and second is the grade of the rail way station
Kuruva MDR
existing (if any) in the area under consideration. The Kuttippuram B NH
details of the rail way station and the type of roads in Kuzhimanna SH
each of the local body of Malappuram District are shown
in the table below.

LSG Grade of Type of road LSG Grade of Type of road

Railway Station Railway Station
Makkaraparamba NH Pulpatta MDR
Malappuram NH Purathur
Mampad SH Puzhakkattiri NH
Mangalam Tanur D MDR
Manjeri SH Thalakkad MDR
Mankada MDR Thanlur MDR
Marakkara NH Thavanoor NH
Maranchery Thazhekode E NH
Melattur F SH Thenchippalam F NH
Moorkanad SH Thennala B NH
Moothedom MDR Thirunavaya MDR
Morayur NH Thuvvoor MDR
Munniyoor NH Tirur MDR
Muthuvalloor MDR Tirurangadi NH
Nannambra Tiruvali SH
Nannamukku SH Trikkalangode SH
Nediyiruppu NH Triprangode MDR
Nilambur D SH Urangattiri E
Niramaruthur Valanchery NH
Oorakam SH Valavannur MDR
Othukkungal SH Vallikunnu
Ozhur Vattamkulam SH
Pallikkal NH Vazhakkad MDR
Pandikkad SH Vazhayoor MDR
Parappanangadi D SH Vazhikkadavu SH
Parappur MDR Veliyankode NH
Perinthalmanna NH Vengara F NH
Perumanna Klari NH Vettathur SH
Perumpadappu NH Vettom MDR
Peruvalloor MDR Wandoor SH
Ponmala MDR
Ponmundom SH While calculating the proposed hierarchy of the
Ponnani NH
settlements the presence of NH or SH is given a value
Pookkottur NH
Porur SH of 1 and the presence of MDR is given a value of 2.The
Pothukall MDR railway station of A grade is given a value of 1 and the
Pulamanthole SH lower grades B,C,D etc is given values of 2,3,4 etc
Pulikkal NH
respectively.

102 ANNEXE 9-10 District Urbanisation Report - Malappuram
Annexe 9
DETERMINATION OF THIRD ORDER
SETTLEMENT FROM NE SUB REGION
Division LSG Name Existing Administrative status Centrality Connectivity Count Count Count Count
Heirachy Dist HQ Taluk Block (Sub Rail way Road of 1 of 2 of 3 of 4
HQ HQ regional ) sation
NE Nilambur 3 0.0 1.0 1 1 4 1 4.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Mampad 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 1.0
NE Chaliyar 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 0 0.0 1.0 0 1.0
NE Chungathara 4 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 1.0
NE Edavanna 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Tiruvali 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Urangattiri 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Pothukall 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 6 0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Edakkara 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 6 1 1.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Moothedom 4 0.0 0.0 0 3 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0
NE Trikkalangode 4 0.0 0.0 0 4 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 2.0
NE Vazhikkadavu 4 0.0 0.0 0 4 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 2.0
NE Areekode 4 0.0 0.0 1 4 0 1 2.0 0.0 0 2.0
NE Kavannoor 4 0.0 0.0 0 4 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 2.0
NE Keezhparamba 4 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 1.0
Annexe 10 DETERMINATION OF THIRD ORDER SETTLEMENT

FROM SE SUB REGION
Division LSG Name Existing Administrative status Centrality Connectivity Count Count Count Count
Heirachy Dist HQ Taluk Block (Sub Rail way Road of 1 of 2 of 3 of 4
HQ HQ regional ) sation
SE Thuvvoor 3 4.0 0.0 0 1 6 0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0
SE Kalikavu 4 4.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 2.0
SE Karuvarakundu 4 4.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 2.0
SE Edapatta 4 4.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 2.0
SE Porur 4 4.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 2.0
SE Pandikkad 4 4.0 0.0 0 2 0 1 1.0 1.0 0 2.0
SE Chokkad 4 4.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 2.0
SE Keezhattur 4 4.0 0.0 0 3 0 1 1.0 0.0 1 2.0
SE Wandoor 4 4.0 0.0 1 3 6 1 2.0 0.0 1 2.0
SE Amarambalam 4 4.0 0.0 0 4 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 3.0
SE Melattur 4 4.0 0.0 0 4 6 1 1.0 0.0 0 3.0
SE Vettathur 4 4.0 0.0 0 5 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 2.0
SE Karulai 4 4.0 0.0 1 5 0 1 2.0 0.0 0 2.0
SE Thazhekode 4 4.0 0.0 0 6 0 1 1.0 0.0 0 2.0

Annexe 11
SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
Order of the Sl No. Name of the Settlements Order of the Sl No. Name of the Settlements
Settlements Settlements
I 1 Perintalmanna (M) 21 Vazhayur
1 Ponnani (M) 22 Aliparamba
II 2 Tirur (M) 23 Karuvarakundu
3 Manjeri (M) 24 Mankada
4 Malappuram (M) 25 Chokkade
1 Kondotty 26 Thirunavaya
2 Angadippuram 27 Mangalam
3 Kottakkal 28 Vattamkulam
4 Nilambur 29 Trikkalangode
III 5 Thenhippalam 30 Edappal
6 Wandoor 31 Vengara
7 Valanchery 32 Elamkulam
8 Tirurangadi 33 Pallikkal
9 Areekode 34 Valavannur
1 Parappanangadi 35 Vazhikkadavu
2 Edavanna 36 Purathur
3 Anakkayam 37 Kavanoor
4 Kuttippuram IV 38 Chelambra
5 Vazhakkad 39 Talakkad
6 Tanur 40 Marancheri
7 Thazhekode 41 Cheekkode
8 Athavanad 42 Vettom
9 Parappur 43 Pulamanthole
IV 10 Tavanur 44 Pulikkal
11 Kalpakancheri 45 Alamcode
12 Chungathara 46 Moonniyur
13 Pandikkad 47 Morayur
14 Melattur 48 Kizhuparamba
15 Pothukal 49 Mambad
16 Vallikkunnu 50 Puzhakkattiri
17 Koottilangadi 51 Kodur
18 Amarambalam 52 Urangattiri
19 Edakkara 53 Makkaraparamba
20 Keezhattur 54 Kuruva

Order of the Sl No. Name of the Settlements Order of the Sl No. Name of the Settlements
Settlements Settlements
55 Perumpadappa 75 Cherukavu
56 Pookkottur 76 Ozhur
57 Kalikavu 77 Nediyiruppu
58 Nannambra 78 Porur
59 Edarikode 79 Vettathur
60 Moorkkanad 80 Edayoor
61 Othukkungal 81 Kannamangalam
62 Triprangode 82 Thiruvali
IV 63 Kuzhimanna 83 Edappatta
64 Thuvvur IV 84 Moothedam
65 Veliyankode 85 Tanalur
66 Pulpatta 86 Abdu Rahiman Nagar
67 Marakkara 87 Chaliyar
68 Urakam 88 Muthuvaloor
69 Peruvallur 89 Karulai
70 Cheriyamundam 90 Ponmundam
71 Ponmala 91 Niramaruthur
72 Irimbiliyam 92 Kalady
73 Perumanna Clari 93 Thennala
74 Nannamukku
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DISTRICT URBANISATION REPORT

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DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING - GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

Planning is a prerequisite for effective development. Development becomes comprehensive when

Thiruvananthapuram Eapen Varughese

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Malappuram Isha. P.A.

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Chapter 1 Profile of the District

Chapter 2 History and Regional Linkages

Chapter 4 Occupational Structure

Chapter 5 Land Use

5.4.1 Agricultural Land Use ...................................................................................................... 34

Chapter 6 Functional Character of Settlements

Chapter 7 Hierarchy of Settlements

Chapter 8 Urban Profile

Chapter 9 Activity Pattern

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Chapter 12 Spatial Structure

Chapter 13 Summary of Findings .................................................................................................... 77

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Table 1.1 Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters ........................................................................................ 1

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

10.1 Hierarchy of Nodes ......................................................................................................... 63

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Fig 1.1 Location of Malappuram ................................................................................................... 1

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Annexe 1 Taluks and Villages in Malappuram District .................................................................... 79

Annexe 2 Population projection of Kerala ....................................................................................... 81

Annexe 3 Estimation of Nine fold classification of workers for 2001 ............................................... 83

Annexe 6A Weightage of facilities .................................................................................................... 91

Annexe 6B Composite functional index (CFI) of settlements ............................................................. 92

Annexe 7 Existing hierarchy of settlements .................................................................................... 94

Annexe 8 Centrality and connectivity ............................................................................................. 96

Annexe 11 Suggested hierarchy of settlements .............................................................................. 103

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

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T he administration set up of the district is

Malappuram Fig 1.2: Taluks in Malappuram District

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Table 1.2: Block Panchayats and their Head Quarters

1.1.1 Existing functional order of settlements

4 Kizhuparam ba 14.99 Third

7 Pulpatta 30.12 Third

11 N e diyiruppu 20.28 First

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

59 Marancheri 20.47 Special

61 Perumpadappa 15.02 First

25 Porur 34.86 Third 66 Vattamkulam 20.84 Special

30 Amarambalam 140.15 Special 72 Valanchery 21.9 Special

34 Edakkara 55 First pality Tirur (M)

37 Moothedam 52.24 Third

39 Vazhikkadavu 114.38 Special

43 Kuruva 35.79 Second

47 Pulamanthole 32.1 First

52 Elamkulam 21.31 Second 93 Malap Oorakam 21.56 Second

55 Thazhekode 45.03 Second 95 Moonniyur 22.4 Special

97 Parappanangadi 22.25 Special

102 A bdu Rahim an 14.83 First

104 Othukkungal 17.28 Third

View from Kottakunnu - Malappuram