LIPIDS

Include a diverse group of compounds that are nonpolar in nature

 They are hydrocarbons that include mostly only nonpolar carbon-carbon or

carbon-hydrogen bonds.
 Lipids functions for long-term energy storage
 Also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals
 Also are building blocks of many hormones and are important constituent of
all cellular membranes
 Include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.

FATS and OILS

 A fat molecule has two main components- glycerol and fatty acids
 Glycerol is an organic compound (alcohol) with three carbons, five
hydrogens, and three hydroxyl (OH) groups

 Fatty acids have a long chain of hydrocarbons to which a carboxyl group is

attached
The ester linkage released water molecules
Fats are also called triaclyglycerols or triglycerides.

 Some fatty acids have common names that specify their origin:
 Palmitic acid- a saturated fatty acid derived from palm tree
 Arachidic acid- derived from Arachis hypogea

Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated

Saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acid

Unsaturated fatty acid (trans or cis)

Saturated

 Have only single bonds between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon

chain
 Saturated with hydrogen
 Has no double bonds thus no more hydrogen may be added to the carbon
atoms of the chain
 Animal fats with stearic and palmitic acid and the fat with butyric acid
(common in butter) are examples
 Mammals store fats as adipocytes
 In plants they are stored in seeds

Unsaturated

 Contains one or more double bonds

 Oleic acid is an example
 Are liquid at room temperature and are called oils
 Monounsaturated- one double bond in the molecule (olive oil)
 Polyunsaturated- has more than one double bond in the molecule (canola oil)
 Can be cis and trans
 Cis- if the hydrogens are present in the same plane
 Trans- if the hydrogens are on different planes.