FINAL COACHING NA MAY KASAMANG PAGMAMAHAL

MODULE 5

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME AND ETHICS AND HUMAN RELATIONS (15%)

INSTRUCTION: Answer each question on the MCQ encircling the letter you have chosen.

1. It is the study of human society, its origin structure, a. August Comte b. Positivists
functions and direction. c. Positivism d. Sociologists
a. criminology b. sociology August Comte – father of sociological positivism; Determinism –
c. psychology d. anthropology everything has sufficient causes.
criminology – entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a 6. It is the study of formation of the skull in relation to the
social phenomenon. It includes within its scope, the process behavior of the criminal.
of making laws, breaking of laws, and society’s reaction a. entomology b. penology
towards the breaking of laws. (Edwin Sutherland) c. phrenology d. criminology
Psychology – study of human behavior and personality other names: craniology; cranioscopy
Anthropology – study of mankind Author: Franz Joseph Gall
2. The science of classifying the physical characteristics. Entomology – study of insects
a. free will b. positivism Penology – latin “poena” pain and suffering – brach of criminology
c. atavism d. somatology which deals with the management and administration of inmates
William Sheldon (Penal Science)
Fat – endomorph – fraud and estafa
Thin – ectomorph – theft and robbery 7. Science concerned with improving the quality of offspring.
Buff – mesomorph – violence and rape a. criminology b. eugenics
c. genetics d. heredity
Ernest Kretschmer – 4 Types of Body Builds *Charles Goring – criminals must be prohibited from having children.
1. Pyknic – fat Genetics – study of heredity and genes (Gregor Mendel – father of
2. Asthenic – thin genetics)
3. Athletic – muscular Heredity – transmission of traits from parents to offspring
4. Combination – Dysplastic 8. Commonly known as victimless crime:
Freewill – cause of crime according to Classical (Cesare A.occasional crime B.political crime
Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham) C.public order crime D. conventional crime
Atavism – state of incomplete evolution or presence of at least *crimes with no private offended party
5 traits of an ape (Born Criminal ➔ Cesare Lombroso) *crimes with no complaining victim
3. The approach that is using the perspective of heredity in *public order crime
explaining the cause of crime. 9. This refers to a significant loss of contact with reality.
a. geographical approach a. split mind b. psychosis
b. biological approach c. neurosis d. schizophrenia
c. psychiatric application *neurosis – mild mental disorder
d. psychological application – mental disorders Anxiety – excessive worry
Adolphe Quetelet – father of moral statistics & 1st scientific Depression – excessive sadness / melancholia
criminologist Phobia – exaggerated fear
- Cartographic School (Statistics, Climate and Location) Obsession – uncontrollable thoughts
- Thermic Law – relationship between temperature and *psychosis – severe mental disorder
crime Hallucination – false perception
4. The purpose of penalty in the positivism school of Illusion – false interpretation
criminology. Delusion – false belief
a. retribution b. rejection 10. What is a person who kills 3 or more in a separate event?
c. reformation d. restoration A. mass murder B. serial killer
other options – rehabilitation or treatment. C.homicidal D. spree killer
*note: what is the purpose of penalty in Classical School – *mass murder – killing of large number of people in a single violent
Retribution outburst
5. He founded Sociology and applied scientific methods in *serial - killing of large number of people overtime or in separate
the study of society, which to him passes through stages event
divided on the basis of how people try to understand it, leading *spree – continuous killing in one event
them to adopt a rational scientific understanding of the world. *genocide – killing of an entire race (holocaust)
Comte called this the positive stage and those who followed
his writings were called, _____
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 11. These are the rights of an accused that are derived from
special laws enacted by Congress. 18. The ruling class in a capitalist (business owner) system is
A. Constitutional rights – right to suffrage the
B. Civil rights – right to private transaction A. Proletariat – laborers; workers (manggagawa)
C. Statutory rights B. Bourgeois - upper class; owners; capitalist
D. Natural rights – right to life and liberty C. Capitalist
D. Ruling class
Conflict Theory by Karl Max
12. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the national total (Capitalism Theory)
crime volume of 84, 875, how many crimes were reported to Bourgeois are abusing the welfare of the proletariats
the police? Bourgeois ➔ earning “M” – Millions
a. 22, 868 b. 22, 068 Proletariat ➔ earning “M” – minimum – SSS – Philhealth –
c. 20, 250 d. 32, 644 Pagibig
formula: LCV = NCV x % (decimal form)

13. Murder cases numbered 180 in 2010 and 220 in 2011. 19. Who proposed the theory of capitalism and invoked
What was the percent increase? communism as a remedy?
a. + 22.2% b. + 20.2% A. George Vold
c. + 22.0% d. + 20.1% B. Karl Marx
formula: C. Emile Durkheim
𝑣 = 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 − 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 x 100 D. Max Weber
Old data *Emile Durkheim
14. In 2000 the police recorded a total of 84,875 crimes 1. father of modern sociology
committed. If the population was 62 million what was the crime 2. he said that “Crime is normal”
rate? 3. Anomie
a. 139.6 b. 193.6 a. B – breakdown of social order
c. 136.9 d. 163.9 b. A – absence of social norms
c. N – normlessness
formula: 𝐶𝑅 =
crime volume
x 100,000 20. The term criminology was originally derived from Italian
population word:
a. crimen b. criminologo
15. If the 128 murder cases in City B represent 40% of the c. criminologia d. criminology
total murder cases in the province, what is the total value for
murder cases province wide? 3 Origin of the Word Criminology
a. 120 b. 420
c. 430 d. 340 a. LATIN – “Crimen”
LCV
formula: 𝑛𝑐𝑣 = % (note: the % must be in decimal form) b. ITALIAN – “Criminologia”- Rafael Garofalo
c. FRENCH – “Criminologie” – Paul Topinard
16. This theory views crime and delinquency as a result of the
21. It is the scientific study of crime and the effort of the
frustration and anger people experience over their inability to
society to prevent and repressed them?
achieve legitimate social and financial success.
a. Crime – act or omission punishable by law prohibiting or
a. strain theory b. psychological theories
commanding it.
c. differential association d. labeling theory
b. Criminology
c. Victimology - refers to the study of the role of victim (Benjamin
differential association theory – criminal behavior is
Mendelsohn)
LEARNED thru socialization
d. Criminal justice – study of different government agencies
Labeling Theory (Tannembaum and Lemert) – social stigma
5 Pillars of CJS
causes deviant amplification
L.E. ➔ PNP, BFP, LTO, LTFRB, MMDA, BIR, PCG, BFAR
Ex. Prisoners ➔ inmate ➔ “PDL”
PROS ➔ Ombudsman & National Prosecution Service
Ex. Juvenile Delinquent ➔ Youthful offender ➔ “CICL”
COURT ➔ SC, CA, SB, CTA, Shari’a, RTC & MTC’s
CORR ➔ BJMP, BuCor, Provincial Jails, BPP & PPA
Strain theory by Robert K. Merton
COMM ➔ “Brgy” – Captain, Secretary, Kgwd, Tanod, SK
Goal ➔financial success ➔ American Dream
Failure
22. The study of Criminology involves the use of knowledge
F – frustration
and concept of other sciences and field of study which makes the
R – resentment
study of criminology:
A – anger strains = crime
a. Dynamic b. Nationalistic
P – pressure
c. Social science d. An applied science
S – stress
4 Nature of Criminology (SAND)
“kung hindi kita mapa oo gamit ang chocolate at rosas,
S – social science – we study people & community
mapapa oo kita gamit ang vetsin at dahas”
A – Applied Science – we barrow knowledge from other science (F
medicine, F chemistry, F photography & F psychology)
17. In the power control theory by Hagan, which father and
N – Nationalistic – we study our OWN Criminal Law
mother share similar roles in the workplace and power in the
D – Dynamic - we are changing, improving
family
A. Feminist theory – males and femals are becoming equal
Samuel Colt – 1st practical revolver (single action ➔
B. Egalitarian family – father and mother are equal
double action)
C. Patriarchal family – father is the leader of the family (si
Pistol – single shot ➔ semi auto ➔ full auto
tatay ang umiibabaw kay nanay sa pamilya)
Laws
D. Matriarchal family – mother is the leader of the family (si
1932 ➔ RPC ➔ “Rape” – male (penis) vs female (vagina) –
nanay ang umiibabaw kay tatay sa pamilya)
sexual intercourse
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 1997 ➔ penis – anus; penis – mouth; object – sex organ
(RA 8353) – sexual assault 29. What crimes according to the time or period of the
commission are those which are committed only when the
23. Criminal ________ refers to the study of the relationship circumstances or situation is conducive to its commission like for
between criminality and the inhabitants (population) of a instance, committing theft in a crowded place.
certain locality: a. seasonal crimes b. instant crimes
a.Ecology b) Demography c. situational crimes d. continuing crimes
c) Epidiomology d) Physical anthropology
Other Related Sciences in Criminology Typology of Crimes – Types of Crimes
a. Criminal demography – crime & population a. Instant crime – short time
b. Criminal Ecology – Crime & spatial distribution b. Episodical Crime – longer time
c. Criminal epidiomology – Crime & environment (milieu) c. Static Crime – one place
d. Criminal Psychology – Crime & human behavior d. Transitory / continuing crime – 2 or more places
e. Criminal Psychiatry – Crime & human mind e. Acquisitive crime – material gain
f. Criminal physical anthropology – Crime & physical f. Extinctive crime – destruction of life & property.
appearance g. Blue collar – lower class
g. Victimology – study of role and participation of victim h. White collar – upper class
i. Rational crime – criminal is normal and sane
j. Irrational crime – criminal in abnormal and insane
24. It deals primarily with the study of crime causation. k. Seasonal Crime – committed in a certain part of the year
a. Criminology b. Criminal Etiology 30. Crimes such as theft, shoplifting, and others which are
c. Victimologyd. Criminal Sociology committed to maintain one’s livelihood or as a means for living are
what crimes?
3 BRANCHES OF CRIMINOLOGY (SEP) a. Rational crimes b. Irrational crimes
S – Sociology of Laws – nature, contents and administration c. Blue-collar crimes d. White collar crimes
of criminal law (katanginan, laman at paraan ng 31. The commission of criminal acts using the instruments of
pagpapatupad ng batas) modern technology such as computers or the internet.
E – Etiology of Crimes / Criminal Etiology – Causes, origin a. cyber sex b. cyber crime
and reason of crimes (dahilan, pinanggalingan at rason kung c. computer crimes d. computer hacking
bakit may krimen) *RA 10175 – Cyber Crime prevention act
P – Penology – management and administration of inmates *Cyber Sex – Online sexual prostitution
(pangangalaga at pagbabago ng preso) *Hacking – illegal access to a computer or website without
permission of the owner (aka “Cracking”); highest form of cyber
25. It refers to the study of the role of the victim in the crime.
commission of a crime. *1st Filipino hacker – Onel De Guzman (I love you Virus)
a. criminal victim b. criminal psychiatry
c. victimless crime d. victimology 32. The killing of a large number of people over time by an
*Benjamin Mendelsohn – father of victimization or father of offender who seeks to escape detection.
victimology a. road rage b. hate crime
*Victim – offended party; forgotten character of the CJS c. mass murder d. serial murder
26. It is the scientific study of human behavior or man’s *Road rage – 2 or more motorist assaulting each other
external manifestation in relation to criminality. *hate crime – “bias crime” / selective victimization (LGBT, Race,
a) Epidiomology – crime & environment Religion)
b) Criminal Psychiatry – crime & human mind
c) Criminal psychology 33. Known as the “Mother of Criminals”.
d) Physical anthropology – crime and physical appearance a. Margaret Juke b. Ada Kallikak
c. Ada Juke d. Ada Edwards
27. It is the process by which individual reduce the frequency *Richard Dugdale – he studied the family of Ada juke. 92% of the
of their offending behavior as the age increases. descendants of Ada Juke’s are criminals.
a. doing gender b. aging out 34. A phenomenon that refers to the handling down of
c. criminal reduction d. active precipitation delinquent behaviors as socially learned and transferred from one
*Spontaneous rescission – other term for aging out generation to the next taking place mostly among disorganized
Signs of aging: urban areas.
- Blurry eyes a. Cultural Transmission b) Social Phenomenon
- Arthritis c. Crime d) Delinquent behavior
- Weaker bones *Cultural Deviance Theory – crime is a product of conflict between
- Poor hearing upper class and lower class (Johann Thorsten Sellin)
- Erectile disfunction 35. A type of violent offender who uses violence as a means
28. Crimes are classified under the Revised Penal Code of perpetrating the criminal act:
according to their gravity. What crime to which the law a. Culturally violent offender – poor families and low income
attaches the capital punishment or afflictive penalties? families
a. grave felonies b. less grave felonies b. pathologically violent offender – violence caused by
c. light felonies d. complex felonies mental disorder
*light felonies – penalized by arresto menor c. Criminally violent offender
*less grave – penalized by arresto mayor up to prision d. situationally violent offender – occasional law breaker
correccional *author – John Conrad – he classified inmates as to types of
*grave – prision mayor, reclusion temporal, reclusion perpetua violence
up to Death penalty 36. One way of classifying criminals is on the basis of
Q - What is the classification of destierro? etiology. What kind of criminal is that whose action arises from the
A – less grave

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intra-psychic conflict between the social and anti-social components
of his personality? P – Panopticon – cylindrical prison
a. Acute – criminal by passion, burst of feelings (Criminaloids) H – Hedonism – people seek pleasure and avoid pain.
c. Chronic – they have deliberate thinking; normal thinking U – Utilitarianism – greatest happiness principle; principle of utility
b. neurotic (ang bawat batas ay dapat para sa ikaliligay ng mas nakararami;
d. normal – idolization, copy cat crime. Theory of imitation. ginagawa ng tao ang mga bagay na alam nyang may pakinabang)
37. Criminals can also be classified according to this F – Felicific calculus – imaginary math formula to compute pain
behavioral system. What are those criminals who have high and pleasure
degree of organization that enables them to commit crime
without being detected and usually operates in a large scale? 43. This theory contested the findings of Beccaria’s Free Will
a. ordinary criminals Study, stating that its absence among mentally retardated persons
b. professional criminals – highly skilled; use crime as a or those with some psychological imbalances and personality
source of income disorders or physical disabilities, could likewise lead to violation of
c. situational criminals laws thereby citing said theory as one of crime causation.
d. organized criminals a. Classical Criminology - freewill is absolute
b. Positivist Criminology
38. A forcible sex in which the offender and the victim are c. Neoclassical Criminology
acquainted (friends) with each other. d. Social Structure Theory
a. statutory rape b. date rape *other names of classical – juristic theory or choice theory
c. marital rape d. acquaintance rape
44. This refers to the act of killing a large number of people in a
Statutory Rape – rape of a child 16 years old below single violent outburst.
Marital Rape – rape of the husband against his wife a. Road rage
Date Rape – rape of a woman by his intimate partner (BF/GF) b. serial killing
c. Mass murder
2 Laws on Rape d. mass destruction – genocide
1. RPC – Rape thru sexual intercourse ( 1932) *overtime – serial
2. RA 8353- Rape thru sexual assault (1997) *separate event – serial
*continuous – spree
39. It is the most essential part of the definition of the criminal
law: 45. A type of sexual deviancy where the person achieves sexual
a. elements b. penalty gratification by cruelty, psychotic desire to often torment, torture or
c. degree of evidence d. motive otherwise abuse his victim.
criminal law – branch of public substantive law, which defines a. Masochism
crimes, treats of their nature and provide for their punishment. b. bestiality
3 Parts of Criminal law c. Sadism
a. Definition / elements of crime d. Incest
b. Nature – characteristics (dolo / culpa / mala inse / mala *paraphilia – abnormal sexuality / sexual deviance
prohibita / light / less grave / grave) Normal Sexuality
c. Penalty – punishment for the crime
40. The concept that conduct norms are passed down from a. Heterosexual – opposite sex
one generation to the next so that they become stable within b. Marital affair – married or living as husband and wife
the boundaries of a culture. c. Goal – procreation / reproduction
a. heredity b. inheritance d. Position – Missionary
c. cultural transmission d. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
*heredity – transmission of TRAITS from parents to offspring Some Paraphilias
*Inheritance – passing of heirloom, properties of a dead family 1. Blood related person – incest
member 2. Same gender – homosexuality
Pinasa ang ugali – cultural transmission 3. Sex with a minor – pedophilia
Pinasa ang katangian – heredity 4. Sex with an old person – geronphilia
Pinasa ang mga ariarian – inheritance 5. Sex with a dead – necrophilia
6. Sex with yourself – autosexual or masturbation
41. Group of urban sociologists who studies the relationship 7. Sex with an object – fetishism
between environmental conditions and crime. 8. Sex with 3 person – troilism – cockholdism
a. classical school – Freewill is absolute; retribution and 9. Sex with 4 or more – pluralism / sexual festival
deterrence 10. Anal sex – sodomy; buggery
b. chicago school – social structure theory 11. Sex with violence – sadism
c. neo-classical school – freewill is not absolute; not all have 12. Sex while accepting violence – masochism
freewill 13. Gratification while watching nude woman – voyeurism
d. positive school – scientific factors; rejects freewill 14. Gratification while watching a private sex act – scoptophilia
15. Sex with animals – bestiality, bestosexual, zoophilia
42. He said that individuals are like human calculators. Before 16. Sucking of jun jun – fellatio
a person commits a crime, he first analyzes whether the 17. Licking of nene – cunnilingus
satisfaction he would gain is greater than the possible 18. Fingering and mashing of breast – uranism
negative effect he would have to suffer if the gets caught doing 19. licking of ass hole - Annilingus
the crime: 46. These are violent acts directed toward a particular person
a. Cesare Beccaria b. Cesare Lombroso or members of group merely because the targets share
c. Edwin Sutherland d. Jeremy Bentham discernible racial, ethnic, religious or gender characteristics.
a. Violent crimes – caused death, injury or damage to
Contributions of Jeremy Bentham (PHUF) property.
b. hate crimes – “bias crime”
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 c. Copy-cat crimes – product of imitation variations in crime rates are associated with variations in economic
d. victimless crimes – no offended party conditions.
47. A term to denote a premeditated (planado), politically a. Cartographic School – Adolphe Quetelet
motivated (may political na adhikain) violence perpetrated b. Socialist School
against non-combatant targets (ang biktima ay sibilyab) by c. Psychiatric School
subnational groups or clandestine agents (violent group), d. Chicago School
usually intended to influence an audience (government). 55. “Manie sans delire” (madness without confusion) This
a. Rebellion – taking of arms to overthrow the government was the term used by Philippe Pinel describing the personality that
b. Piracy – robbery in the high seas is characterized by an inability to learn from experience, lack of
c. Terrorism warmth, and no sense of guilt better known as:
d. little war – “guerrilla” – forest warfare a. psychotic personality – “H.I.D.”
48. The law that provides Board Examination for b. psychopathic personality
Criminologists in the Philippines. c. neurotic behavior – Anxiety, depression, phobia, obsession.
a. R.A. 6975 – DILG Act of 1990 (Tri Bureau) d. dementia praecox – Schizophrenia
b. R.A. 8551 – PNP Reform and Reorganization act of 1998 Symptoms of Schizophrenia
c. R.A. 6506 - Author: Teodulo C. Natividad 1. psychosis (HID)
d. R.A. 8353 – Anti Rape Law of 1997 2. imaginary environment
3. bizarre behaviour
Other Laws Passed by T. Natividad
56. A stage of development when girls begin to have sexual
1. RA 5487 – private security agency law feeling for their fathers.
2. RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966 – PolCom Law a. Oedipus complex b. doing gender
3. RA 6506 – Registered Criminologist c. Electra complex d. chivalry hypothesis
4. PD 968 – Probation Law Oedipus complex – boy having sexual feeling for the his mother
*note: Oedipus and electra complex are both under Phallic Stage
49. The law that repealed RA 6506 and established the (3-6)
“Criminology Profession Act of 2018” Psychosexual Development
a. RA 10175 – anti cyber crime Birth – 2 y/o ➔ mouth ➔ oral stage – skipped – fixated person
b. RA 11131 – Dec 2022 2 y/o – 3 y/o ➔ anus ➔ anal stage
c. RA 10591 – fire arms and ammunition code 3 – 6 ➔ phallic stage – genital sensitivity
d. RA 10575 – BuCor law of 2013 Oedipus – Boy – lust – mother
50. He introduced the “theory of imitation” which states that Electra – girl – lust – father
individuals copy behavior patterns of other individuals, and 6 – puberty ➔ latency ➔ weakening of sexuality
that those with weaker personalities tend to get influenced Puberty – present ➔ genital stage – sexual maturity
easier by those with stronger personalities: 57. The legal principle by which the decision or holding in an
a. Emile Durkheim – “Anomie” ➔ normlessness earlier case becomes the standard by which subsequent similar
b) Adolphe Quetelet – Cathorgraphic ➔ Thermic Law cases are judged. It literally means “to stand by decided cases”.
c) Gabriel Tarde a. jus desert b. stare decisis
d) Enrico Ferri – Sociological (Economic and Political factors) c. story decisis d. just stare
51. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined *stare decisis = jurisprudence
genetically; that ancestry determines IQ; and, that low Jurisprudence – are decisions of the court that became part of the
intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is linked to behavior law.
including criminal behavior: Note: Evidence gathered in illegal means shall not be admissible in
a. Nature Theory b) Psychological theory court (fruit of the poisonous tree; Mapp Vs Ohio)
c) Strain Theory d) Labeling theory Sandigan Bayan vs Juan Ponce Enrile = Bail due to old age and
Alfred Binet – invented the 1st IQ test sickness
52. The theory which states that attachment, connection and 58. His study focused on the Kallikak family tree and he
link to society will determine whether a person shall commit a concluded that feeblemindedness is inherited and related to deviant
crime or not: behavior and poverty. He was the first person to use the term
a. social control – containment theory “moron – low IQ”
b) social disorganization a. Robert Dugdale b. Henry Goddard
c) social bond c. Ernest Hooton d. Charles Goring
d) social learning – learning thro socialization
*Social Disorganization Theory – Clifford Shaw and Henry 59. This theory focuses on the development of high crime
Mackay areas associated with the disintegration of conventional
O – over crowding / over population values caused by rapid industrialization, increased migration
M – migration and urbanization.
U – unemployment a. Cultural Deviance Theory – Upper class vs lower class
B – broken home b. Differential Association Theory – criminal behavior is
I – industrialization LEARNED
U – urbanization c. Social Disorganization Theory (OMUBIPU_
53. A condition in which the glucose in the blood falls below d. Strain Theory – crime is a product of frustration due to
levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning. inability to achieve goals
a. hyperglycemia b. hyperglycomia 60. He invoked that only justified rationale for laws and
c. hypoglycemia d. hypoglycomia punishment is the principle of the greatest happiness shared
*hypo – low by the greatest number of people.
Glycemia – Glucose a. Utilitarianism
54. This school on crime causation emphasized economic b. Jeremy Bentham
determinism and concentrated on the need for the quality among all c. Felicific Calculus
citizens. They provided statistical data which claimed to show that d. Cesare Beccaria

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 61. These are crimes which are wrong from their very nature. 2 Types of Laws
Examples of these are murder, robbery, and other violations
of the Revised Penal Code. a. Law prohibiting an act / prohibitions (pagbabawal)
a. Heinous crimes – crimes punishable by death penalty (RA -killing – homicide
7659 – Heinous Crime Law) -carnal knowledge – rape
b. mala in se - steal – theft
c. Serious crimes – crimes with a penalty of more than 6 - hurt – physical injuries
years b. Law commanding an act / commanding (paguutos) – failed
d. mala prohibita follow the command ➔ omission
MALA INSE / MALLUM INSE - Pay tax
- morally wrong - Wear helmet (RA 10054)
- naturally evil - Wear seatbelt (RA 8750)
- violations of RPC (murder, rape, homicide, robbery) - Bring license (RA 4136)

MALA PROHIBITA / MALLUM PROHIBITUM Act – “gawa” ngunit ipagbabawal

- wrong due to a law
- without the law, this is not prohibited
- usually violations of SPL
seatwork: determine whether the SPL is Mala Inse (MI) or
Mala prohibita (MP)
1. RA 9262 – Anti Vawc - MI
2. RA 10175 – anti Cyber Crime – MP
3. RA 6539 – anti carnapping – MI ➔ theft and robbery
4. PD 533 – anti cattle rustling – MI ➔ theft or robbery
5. EO 26 – anti public smoking – MP – unique
How to determine if Mala Inse or Mala Prohibita?
a. Abolition test – imagine that the law is abolished
o Legal – MP
o Illegal – MI
b. Similarity test
o Unique = MP
o Similar to RPC = MI
c. MI always has stages; MP always consummated
1.
Part 2 – Juvenile Delinquency and Crime Prevention
62. Refers to any person below 18 years of age or those over
but unable to fully take care of themselves from neglect,
abuse, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination due to some
physical defect or mental disability or condition.
a. child b. wards
c. physically disabled d. youth
Child = Juvenile ➔ latin = “JUVENILIS” – youth
PD 603 – a child is any person below 21 years old (1975)
RA 6809 – a child is any person below 18 years old (1989)
RA 7610 – a child is any person below 18 and those over 18
but having insanity or imbecility (autism or down syndrome) –
josh, budoy, taptaptap, boyet ➔ child
Wards – a child under guardianship of other person beside his
parents
Physically Disabled / Physically Handicapped – buta, bungol,
amang & piang.
63. Act or omission which may not be punishable if committed by
an adult, but becomes unlawful when they are committed by a child
or a person of tender year or one who is in need of supervision or
assistance.
a. crime – act or omission punishable by law prohibiting or
commanding it.
b. status offense (ex. Curfew, smoking, truancy)
c. delinquency
d. felonies
Amici Review Center
Omission – “hindi nagawa”
64. The power of the state to give any form of charity of public
nature. It is the philosophy behind the view that youthful
offender/child in conflict with the law is the victim of improper care
and that the state is duty bound to provide protection.
a. positivism b. loco parentis
c. patria potestas d. parens patriae
4 Latin Doctrines in Juvenile Delinquency
a. Parens patriae – “father of the land”
o Charity
o CICL are not criminals but victim
o Parental assumption of state
b. Patria Potestas – “parental authority”
o Power of the parents over his/her child
o Power of the parents to control the person and property of their
unemancipated child
c. Loco Parentis – “temporary guardian”
o Teachers
o Nurses
o Babysitters
d. Guardian ad Litem – “ad litem” – for the proceeding
o Guardian appointed by court
o Ex. Social workers
65. The civil personality of the child is deemed to have been
commenced upon:
a. birth of the child
b. when the child celebrates his first birthday
c. from the time of his conception (pregnancy)
d. upon reaching the age of majority
2 Types of Aborting in PD 603
a. Criminal Abortion – abortion punishable by RPC whether
intentional or unintentional abortion
b. Clinical or Therapeutic Abortion – abortion for medical
purposes.
66. Under the RA 9344 a child over 15 under 18 is exempt from
criminal liability unless:
a. he is committed a henious crime
b. he is the principal accused
c. he acted without discernment
d. he acted with discernment
67. A child left by himself without provisions for his needs/or
without proper supervision falls under what special category
of a child?
a. abandoned child b. abused child
c. neglected child d. dependent child
2 types of Neglect
a. Physical neglect – food, water, clothes, shelter.
b. Emotional Neglect – love, attention & care
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 *abandoned – no parents, no guardian for consecutive 3
months
PD 603- 6 months abandonment
PD 9523 – 3 months abandonment
*dependent child – “needs” are coming from parents or
public support
68. In the absence or death of both parents of the child who
shall continue to exercise authority over the child?
I.Surviving grand parents (1st)
II. Elder brother and sister over 21 years of age (2nd)
III.Surviving parents of child
IV. Actual custodian of the child over 21 years of age. (3 rd)
a. I, II and IV only b. I and II only
c. I, II, III only d. all of the above
*the scenario above follows the “substitute parental authority
doctrine”
*what if the parents are separated?
- below 7 – maternal preference rule
- 7 up – power of choice (psychological parent doctrine)
Note: this rule is only for legitimate child
69. Refers to the totality of the circumstances which are most
beneficial for the child.
a. child as zone of peace – status of child in case of war
b. nation building
c. best interest of the child
d. presumption of minority – in absence of proof age
note: all of the procedures, laws and decisions must be for the
best interests of the child.
70. Children shall be given priority during_____ as result of
armed conflict (war)?
a. war b. treatment
c. evacuation d. education
note: schools and daycare centers shall not be used as
barracks
71. Refers to a child raise to the status of legitimate child by
subsequent marriage of his/her parents.
a. illegitimate b. legitimated
c. legitimate d. adopted
a. Marriage before bearing child ➔ legitimate child
b. Child before marriage ➔ legitimated
c. Child without marriage ➔ illegitimate
Note: RA 9255 allows illegitimate child to use the surname of
his/her father.
d. Founding ➔ a child with unknown parents
72. In case of separation between parents of the child, a child
79.
of such age is given by the court the preference to choose
between either parents.
a. under 9 years of age b. 7 years of age
abuse – maltreatment of children whether habitual or not
c. 10 years of age d. 5 years of age
prostitution – sex for hire
*psychological parent doctrine – a child can choose between
RA 9208 – Human Trafficking Law / Trafficking in Person Law
either parents in which he feels the greater love.
73. A child born inside a marriage where either party is
suffering from an impediments (ground for annulment).
a. illegitimate child b. legitimated child
c. legitimate child d. adopted child
74. This refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a
child who committed an offense by the law enforcement officer:
a. initial contact with the child
b. preliminary investigation
c. initial investigation
d. inquest proceedings
75. In case of a child in conflict with the law, his age shall be
determined. In the absence of proof what principle shall be
observed?
a. He is presumed to be minor
Amici Review Center
b. He should prove his age
c. The Birth certificate should be produced pending such
issuance he should be hold.
d. The testimony of the child should be enough to prove his age.
76. It is the psychological, emotional and behavioral reactions
and deficits of women victims and their inability to respond to
repeated physical and psychological violence?
A. Battered Woman Syndrome – effect of abuse to
women victims
B. Battered Wife – women who experience battery (Physical +
psychological abuse)
C. Abused Woman
D. Rape trauma syndrome – psychological effect of rape
*People vs Genoza – 1st application of Battered Woman
Syndrome as an absolutory cause (exempting circumstances)
Summary:
Battery – act of physically and psychologically abusing women
Battered Woman – victim of battery
Battered Woman Syndrome – effect of battery
77. Child in conflict with the law may undergo diversion
program without necessity of court intervention on the following:
a. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committee is
not more than six (6) years imprisonment;
b. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed
exceeds six (6) years imprisonment;
c. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed
exceeds six (6) years but not more than 12 years imprisonment;
d. Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed
does not exceeds 12 years imprisonment.
Summary:
- Crime is punishable by 6 years below ➔ diversion will be
held in police, brgy or dswd
- Crime is punishable by more than 6 years ➔ the case
will be settled in court
78. All records and proceedings involving children in conflict
with the law from initial contact until final disposition of the case
shall be:
a. placed in the dockets of court forms part of the public record;
b. open to the public;
c. considered restricted;
d. considered privileged and confidential
media interview – child is given an alias + face is in blurred
It is the act of buying and selling children:
a. exploitation b. prostitution
c. abuse d. trafficking
80. This refers to pledging by the debtor of his or her personal
services or those of a person under his or her control as
security or payment for a debt, when the length and nature of
services are not clearly defined:
a. debt bondage b. involuntary servitude
c. abuse d. slavery
*human trafficking – recruitment, hiring, employment, receipt
and transportation of person (ACT) thru coercion, fraud,
violence and intimidation (MEANS) for the purpose of slavery,
forced labor, prostitution, exploitation and sale of organ
(purpose).
Act only = no crime
Act + means = coercion or estafa or threats
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 Act + means + purpose = human trafficking d. sexual violence

81. A working child below fifteen years old may be allowed to 87. Refers to a program organized by travel establishments
work for only _______ hours per day: and individuals which consist of packages or activities, utilizing and
a. eight b. four offering escort and sexual services as enticement for tourists.
c. five d. six a. prostitution b. exploitation
*RA 9231 – Anti Child Labor Law c. sex tourism d. pornography
Rule 1 – time pornography – anything whether written, video, audio or drawing
15 below – 4 hours per day (6am – 8pm) that cause sexual excitation.
17 – 17 y/o – 8 hours per day (6am – 10pm) Types of Porn
Rule 2 – Nature of work
X – underground a. Soft Core Porn – videos without penetration (rigodon, balahibong
X – under water pusa, langitngit sa papag, kahit banig yayanig, kapag ang palay
X – high altitude nagging bigas may bumayo, luha sa dulo batuta, wasakin mo ang
X – toxic substance masakip kong tilapia)
X – model (liquor, porn, lewdness, cigarettes) b. Hard Core Porn – videos with penetration (Xvideos, Pornhub,
Rule 3 – Education youporn, pinayflix)
- A child must ensure that he is studying until secondary. 88. Before any petition for adoption may be approved, the
Rule 4 – Work Permit adopter and the adoptee must first undergo a supervised trial
- Signed by parents ‘ custody for a period of:
- Signed by employer a) at least six months b) not more than six months
- Signed by DOLE c) at least one year d) not less than one year
Rule 5 – Salary Distribution adoptee – adoptive child
- 100% ➔ child adopter – adoptive parent
- Max of 20% ➔ share to parents Who may adopt?
- Min of 30% ➔ saving account a. Legal age (21 y/o)
b. Filipino Citizen
82. In cases of working children, this has the duty of securing c. 16 years gap
the permit from the Department of Labor and Employment: d. Not convicted of any crime
a. parents b. working child Note: an alien may adopt provided that he/she is 27 y/o above; 3
c. manager d. employer years residency and from a country with diplomatic relations
83. This form of violence includes acts causing or likely to 89. This refers to the document issued by the court signifying
cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but the approval of the application for adoption:
not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking and repeated a) decree of adoption
verbal abuse: b) petition for adoption - application for adoption
a. battery – physical + psychological c) annulment – declaration of voiding of marriage
d) rescission - taking back of the child
b. psychological
c. sexual - molestation 90. Emancipation takes place when:
d. physical – punching, kicking, beating, hitting. a) the parents decide to emancipate him or her
*RA 9262 – Anti Violence Against Women and their Children b) the child becomes 18 years old
Applicability: VAWC can be filed against the abuser in which c) the child is already married
the woman victim has a romantic, dating or sexual d) the child applies for it
relationship. *emancipation – freedom of the child from his/her parents \
*Q – can RA 9262 applied to lesbian partners?
91. The law enforcement officer must ensure that all
84. The following person are liable for child prostitution, statements signed by the child during investigation are witnessed
EXCEPT: and signed by the following:
a. those who act as procurer of child prostitute – pimp a) his parents, lawyer and social worker
b. children recruited as prostitutes = victim b) his parents or guardian
c. managers or owners of the establishment where the c) legal counsel
prostitution takes place – hotel / motel d) social worker
d. clients of child prostitute – customer

92. Discernment is the determining factor if the CICL is over

85. The legislative act that penalizes the acts, means and fifteen years old. The decision as to whether the child acted
purposes of human trafficking: with or without discernment is made initially by the _______:
a. R.A. 9344 – Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 – Kiko a) social worker c) law enforcer
Cuneta b) CICL `d) judge
b. R.A. 7610 – Anti Child Abuse *Determination of age = law enforcement officer
c. R.A. 9208 *Determination of discernment = social worker
d. R.A. 8043 – Intercountry Adoption Law *Determination of guilt = judge
86. It refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the 93. The age of full criminal responsibility is:
woman or her child resulting to the physical and psychological or a. Less than 18 but more than 70 years old
emotional distress. b. More than 18 but less than 70 years old (19 – 69)
a. stalking – unlawful following (psychological) c. Over 15 but under 18 years old
b. economic abuse d. Not less than 18 but not more than 70 years old (18 – 70)
c. battery
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 *age of full criminal irresponsibility – 15 years old and below e. Suppression – active forgetting
f. Regression – acting childish
94. It pertains to the document that must be signed by the g. Rationalization – excuses
parents of the child in conflict with the law as part of the h. Denial – rejection of truth
conditions of diversion:
a) contract of diversion proceedings 99. This personality system controls the gateway to action.
b) certification of conciliation a. alter ego – other personalities inside a person (Multiple
c) memorandum of agreement Personality)
d) contract of diversion b. Id – instinctual drive – pleasure principle
*how long is the period of diversion = 45 days c. ego – controller or gateway to action – reality principle
d. Superego – moral principle; conscience
95. When the court decides to execute the suspended *theory – Psychoanalytical Theory – Sigmund Freud – father of
sentence, the child must be transferred to a: psychoanalysis
a) youth rehabilitation center – place under suspended
sentence 100. What is the process of interpreting our behavior in ways
b) youth detention home – Place for CICL while under trial to make it more acceptable to the self usually with the use of good
c) agricultural farm – place for incorrigible children reasons and alibi to substitute for real cause?
d) prison – place for person convicted of more than 3 years a. projection b. sublimation
(BuCor) c. rationalization d. Compensation
situation: the child in incorrigible (extremely violent and compensation – focusing on something you can excel after a failure
uncooperative)
101. Conflicts and their behavioral outcomes are classified as
PART 3 – HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND CRISIS follows, EXCEPT:
MANAGEMENT a. avoidance-approach
b. avoidance-avoidance
96. It refers to the sum total of man's reaction to his c. approach-avoidance
environment or the way human beings act. d. approach-approach
a. Human Beings - highest form of ANIMAL. *conflict – 2 or more goals or objective come along at the same time
b. Learning – change of behavior due to experience and and incompatible to one another
practice * + + = approach – approach
c. Human Behavior – reaction of a human being to an *- - = avoidance – avoidance
external stimulus (reaksyon ng tao sa kanyang kapaligiran) * + - = approach – avoidance

d. Stimulus – any external forces 102. Manny, angry at his girlfriend, boxed a nearby tree
manifests what particular defense mechanism?
97. Refers to any behavioral reactions or reflexes exhibited a. repression b. sublimation
by people because of their inherited capabilities or the c. displacement d. projection
process of natural selection. 103. Kadyo Tero, a B.S. Criminology student, after tasting an
a. Inherited Behavior unripe mango grimaced. This sensation is said to be:
b. Inborn Behavior a. olfactory - smell
c. Learned Behavior b. Auditory - hearing
d. both a and b - note: inherited and inborn is the same c. cutaneous - touch
Types of Behaviors d. gustatory
104. This is a serious mental and emotional disorder that is a
a. inborn – inherited – present at birth (crying) manifestation of withdrawal from reality.
b. learned = product of experience and practice a. Neurosis - mild mental disorder (no hallucination, no illusion and
c. simple – one act only at a time no delusion)
d. complex – 2 or more act at the same time b. Depression – excessive sadness; melancholia (melancholic –
e. voluntary – controllable (on/off) depressed)
f. involuntary – uncontrollable (always on) c. Psychosis
g. conscious – aware d. Anxiety – excessive worry; neurotic fear
h. unconscious – unaware (ex. Somnambulism – sleep *other questions related to psychosis
talking) Q – lost of contact with reality = psychosis
i. rational – normal thinking Q – total withdrawal from reality = psychosis
j. irrational – insane / abnormal Q – severe mental disorder = psychosis
k. symbolic – use of images, signs Q – presence of hallucination, illusion and delusion =
l. instinctive – necessary for survival (eating, drinking and psychosis
sex)
m. habitual – repetitive motor activity. 105. It is characterized by anxiety, depression and
phobia.
98. It is a behavior pattern where an individual return to a a. psychoses b. neuroses
state of form adjustment (childish) and attempt to experience them c. abnormality d. Psychopathy
again in memory. Psychopathy – antisocial, cold, brutal, no remorse, no sense
a. phobia b. anger of guilt and no conscience
b. frustration d. regression
Types of Defense Mechanism
a. Displacement – transfer of anger to an object
b. Sublimation – transfer of anger to an acceptable 106. Texting while driving is an example of what
channel. classification of human behavior?
c. Fantasy – daydreaming a. Habitual – repetitive
d. Repression – unconscious forgetting
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 b. Symbolic – images, objects, signs 112. It is the ability to withstand frustration without developing
c. Instinctive inadequate modes of response such as being emotionally
d. Complex depressed or irritated, becoming neurotic, or becoming aggressive.
a. Frustration Tolerance – ability to cope with frustration.
107. It refers to the person’s knowledge of a given stimulus b. Frustration Shield
which largely helps to determine the actual behavioral c. Frustration Flexibility
response in a given situation. d. all of the above
a. Perception
b. Awareness – interpretation of past experiences (memory) 113. Which of the following items does not belong to the
c. Sensation – senses – receptors – “CAVOG” group?
d. Learning – change of behavior as a result of experience a. prostitution
and practice b. assassination – oldest tactic of terrorism
c. sabotage - intentional destruction of property and systems of a
108. A person who is a balanced introvert and competitor
extrovert is said to be: d. bombing – most common tactic of terrorism
a. Psychotic *note: assassination, sabotage and bombing are common terrorist
b. ambivert tactics
c. Neurotic
d. angry bird 114. This is an abnormal mental condition whereby a person
*introvert – loner, cold, less sociable, schizoid performs an act while sleeping.
*extrovert – outgoing, love adventure, love thrill, sociable a. somnambulism b. mesmerism
c. somnolencia d. delirium
109. Coping mechanism is the way people react to *somnambulism – sleep talking and sleep walking
__________. *fugue – unconscious wandering or walking
a. Fear
b. anxiety 115. Animals are used for the achievement of sexual excitation
c. Frustration - failure to achieve goals and gratification.
d. Anger a. voyeurism b. fetishism
Coping Mechanisms c. pedophilia d. bestiality
other options ➔ bestosexual; zoophilia
a. Direct Approach / Fight – look for the solution to the
problem. 116. These are priorities in a hostage taking situation EXCEPT,
b. Withdrawal / flight – escape from the problem, sulking, a. Preservation of life
giving up b. Arrest of hostage taker
c. Detour – look for an alternative ways to achieve the goal c. recover and protect property
d. Defense Mechanism – safety valve against fear and d. involve the media
frustration. Basic Steps in Hostage Taking Negotiation
e. Frustration Tolerance – ability to withstand frustration Step 1- containment / crowd control – control of area and people –
without developing negative modes of response kitibzer
Step 2 – establish command post (place for planning and
110. It can be seen among people who handle their preparation)
problems in a very objective way. Step 3 – establish contact (point of communication)
a. Coping Mechanism Step 4- negotiation
b. Direct Approach – fight
c. Detour - Never say “NO” – mortal sin in hostage scene
d. Withdrawal – flight - Cardinal rule – commander should not negotiate, and negotiator
should not command
111. Human actions in relation to events taking place - Avoid bluff – lying
inside the body such as the brain and the nervous system is - Need a linguist negotiator
known as: - Never state your rank
a. Neurological - Prolong the time
b. psychological Step 5 – Assault – last option (attack with precision)
c. Cognitive
d. Humanistic 117. Containment in a hostage taking situation refers
Views on Human Behaviour to:
a. Neurological – human activities are possible because of brain a. police handling of the situation
b. Humanistic – human behavior focused on experience and goals b. negotiation
c. Behavioral – human behavior must be overt c. contact
d. control of area and people
Q – Mario is a funeral parlor attendant, he takes pleasure by
imagining (covert; internal acts, mens rea) himself having sexual 118. The cardinal rule to follow in a hostage taking
intercourse with a dead female body. What type of behavior is situation is,
present? a. commanders should not negotiate, negotiators should not
a. Necrophilia command – why? Conflict of interest
b. Rape b. open the communication at once
c. Acts of Lasciviousness c. negotiate
d. None d. ask for demands
119. When both hostage and hostage taker develop
a mutual feeling of sympathy, understanding, and other
shared stand on issues, leading them to become enemies of
the State, this turn referred to as,
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 a. Stockholm Syndrome c. Retarded Ejaculation – takes too long to ejaculate / failure to
b. Confrontation ejaculate
c. Negotiation Female
d. familiarization a. arousal insufficiency – failure to lubricate/dry/numb (frigity)
b. orgasmic disfunction – failure to reach orgasm
c. dyspareunia – painful sexual intercourse
3 Unique Syndromes in Hostage Taking d. vaginismus – vaginal spasm or vaginal lock
a. Stockholm Syndrome – the hostages extend their 126. A personality disorder characterized by suspiciousness,
sympathy and kindness to the hostage taker (ang hostage ay hypersensitivity, envy, excessive self important, and
nagparamdam ng kabaitan at kabutihang loob para sa argumentativeness, plus a tendency to blame others for one’s own
hostage taker) mistakes and failure and to ascribe evil motives to others.
b. Lima Syndrome – the hostage taker extends their A. Paranoid Personality
sympathy and kindness to the hostage (ang hostage taker ay B. Dependent Personality – no self-reliance
nagparamdam ng kabaitan at kabutihang loob sa mga C. Schizoid Personality – loners / introvert
hotages) D. Borderline Personality – drastic mood shift
c. London Syndrome – the hostage and the hostage takers Types of Paranoia
are hostile (uncooperative hostages)
a. Persecutory paranoia – feels that he/she is always being blamed
120. A person has _____ when he/she has painful b. Jealous Paranoia – irrational jealousy
memories associated with some shocking experience which c. Erotic Paranoia – GGSS
are repressed and cannot be recalled. d. Exalted paranoia – hero, god, superpower
a. anxiety b. delusions
c. amnesia d. phobia 127. When the disorder is characterized by chronic mental and
physical fatigue and by various aches and pains, it is considered as:
3 Types of Amnesia (Amnestia – forget) A. Anxiety Disorder – excessive worry & nervousness
B. Somatoform Disorder – psychosomatic disorder (pain disorder)
C. Dissociative Disorder – Multiple Personality (split personality)
a. Retrograde amnesia – forgot all in the past D. Amnesia – inability to recall past events
b. Anterograde amnesia – forgot something that has just
occurred. 128. In general, hostage takers are emotionally tense, when
c. Localized / selective amnesia – forgot parts of the past trapped expand a great deal of emotional physical and psychic
121. The most important person in a hostage energy, hence:
situation: a. swift and precise attack will be one advantage for the authorities
a. negotiator b. hostage taker b. shortening the time will pressed him to surrender
c. commander d. hostage c. prolonging the passage of time shall wear them down
*other options: captives d. aggravating their stress will lead them to surrender.
*ultimate goal of crisis management = SALVARI VITAS
*Salvari vitas – to save lives 129. Considered as a “mortal sin” in hostage situation.
122. In hostage situation, non-verbal communication a. giving all the demands of the hostage taker
which indicates openness and willingness to listen can be b. acting that would prejudice the lives of the hostages
shown by: c. deceiving and bluffing the hostage taker
a. a posture of folded arms in a dominant position d. saying “no” to the demands of the hostage taker
b. calmly repeating words of comfort and assurance *cardinal rule – commander should not negotiate and
c. by not attempting to trick or lie negotiator should not command
d. keeping arms open and with a gesture that you are willing
to negotiate 130. It is an effective planning, formulation of an effective plan,
policies, procedures and techniques in dealing with sudden violent
123. This is a mentally disturbed person who is act of terrorist and natural calamities .
opposed to the principles upon which society is based. a. Crisis management b. stress mgt.
a. Anti-social b. Psychopath c. hostage negotiation d. political analysis
c. Schizophrenic d. Sociopath *crisis management – utilization of available resources to quell
2 types of Anti Socials the disastrous effect of crisis
a. Psychopath – inborn with high IQ, less sociable but brutal, cruel *hostage taking – incident where in people are being held by
and feels no remorse and no sense of guilt another person against their will or thru coercion and
b. Sociopath – product of environment, less sociable, but they are demands are ask in exchange for their safety.
brutal, cruel and feel a slight level of conscience
124. A morbid insanity characterized by a deep and morbid 131. It is any incident in which people are being held
sense of religious feeling. by another person or persons against their will, usually by
a. mania b. mania fanatica force or coercion, and demands are being made by the
c. delusion d. legal insanity perpetrator.
125. This is impairment in desire for sexual gratification in the a. kidnapping b. crisis management
male or female or an inability to achieve it. c. hostage incident d. abduction
a. masturbation b. prostitution
c. exhibitionism d. frigidity Differences Kidnapping Hostage
Types of Sexual Disorders Taking
Males Point of “ransom” – “demands”
exchange always – anything
a. Erectile Disfunction – failure to erect – impotency financial
b. Pre-Mature Ejaculation – fast or easy to ejaculate

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 Location of Unknown Known a. Proactive – “4Ps” – Plan, predict, prepare and prevent ➔ before
victim the crisis
Line of Electronic Personal b. Reactive – “1P” – perform ➔ “during”
communication (phone, negotiation
email, 137. An Act Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System in the
viber, Philippines.
messenger) A. RA 9344 – Juvenile Justice and Welfare System of 2006
Similarities Deprivation of Liberty B. RA 10630 – law that amended RA 9344
(Serious Illegal Detention) C. RA 10627
D. RA 8960
132. “Persons in crisis” are those hostage takers 138. It is one of the most important assets of the nation. Thus,
who take hostages: every effort should be exerted to promote his welfare and enhance
a. by reason of mental illness his opportunities for a useful and happy life.
b. by reason of prolonged frustration, despair and problems A. Teenager
c. for personal reason B. Kid
d. because of political and ideological belief C. Child
D. Youth
E.
5 Types of Hostage Takers 139. The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC) is under
(C-4P) what agency of the government?
A. Department of Justice – old law – RA 9344
B. Department of Social Welfare and Development – new
a. C – common criminals ➔ personal interest law RA 10630
b. P – person in crisis ➔ problem and frustration C. Department of Tourism
c. P – prisoners ➔ better treatment; escape D. Department of Interior and Local Government
d. P – Political Terrorist ➔ political goal and ideology Agencies under DOJ
e. P – psychotics ➔ mental disorder 1. BuCor
2. NBI
133. In psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wish 3. PPA
for death is called; 4. BPP
A. eros – love & sex B. animus 5. Bureau of Immigration
C. thanatos D. lupus 6. PAO
*Sigmund Freud 7. National Prosecution Service
Agencies under DILG
134. It is the position from which a unit commander a. PNP
and his staff exercise command over the hostage incident. b. BFP
a. command post b. outer perimeter c. BJMP
c. inner perimeter d. command headquarters d. PPSC (NPTI, NFTI, NJMPTI, PNPA, NPC)
*Q – where shall we place the command post? e. NAPOLCOM
a. inner perimeter f. LGU (Brgy, City and Provinces)
b. outer perimeter g. PLEB
c. outside the perimeter
d. away from the scene 140. It shall coordinate with the Local Council for the Protection
of Children (LCPC) in the formulation and implementation of juvenile
135. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator intervention and diversion programs in the community.
should not: A. Women and Children Protection Desk
a. give his name B. Local Government Unit
b. give his rank and designation C. Sangguniang Kabataan
c. give in to all demands D. Local Social Welfare and Development
d. look friendly or accommodating National Level ➔ JJWC – DSWD
2 Types of Demands LGU (City / Municipality) ➔ LCPC – LSDWO
a. Negotiable demands – food, water, money, vehicle, SK (Barangay)
cellphone, media exposure
b. Non-negotiable – firearms, drugs, exchange of person, 141. It refers to a person whose behavior results with
explosives repeated conflict with the law.
*Q – what if the hostage taker is asking for a non negotiable A. Delinquent
demands? B. Habitual delinquent
A – talk to him and delay the moment; prolong the time. C. Juvenile – latin – juvenilis – youth / minor
D. Recidivist
136. The stage of advance planning, organization and Recidivist
coordination and control in response to an anticipated future crisis
occurrence is called 1st crime - robbery ➔ guilty ➔ 6 years ➔ SERVED ➔
a. Proactive Crisis Management RELEASE
b. Reactive Crisis Management 2nd crime – murder ➔ guilty ➔ 3 years = RECIDIVIST
c. Performance Stage
d. Reaction Phase 3 Elements of Recidivism
a. Committed 2 crimes
2 Phases of Crisis Management b. 2nd the crime was committed after the release from the
1st crime
c. 1st and 2nd crime is the same title

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 4. no – torture
1st crime – murder – guilty 20 years ➔SERVING 5. no – handcuff
2nd crime – rape – guilty = QUASI RECIDIVIST 6. search – same gender
7. right to bail
3 Elements of Quasi Recidivist 8. right to probation
a. committed 2 crimes 9. right to be with his parents in all proceedings.
b. the 2nd crime was committed while serving the penalty for 10. right to diversion (alternative for trial)
the 1st crime 11. imprisonment is the last resort
c. the 2nd crime must be felony (violation of RPC) 12. incase of imprisonment – separated from adult
13. incase of imprisonment – same gender
2010 – THEFT; 2013 – Estafa; 2018 – Physical Injuries 14. right to confidentiality of records
15. right to automatic suspension of sentence ➔ 18
Habitual Delinquent 145. Who are those with any behavioral disorder, whether
functional or organic, which of such a degree of severity as to
3 Elements of Habitual Delinquents require professional help or hospitalization?
a. Committed 3 crimes or more A. Mentally Ill Children
b. the 3 convictions happened within 10 years B. Physically Handicapped Children – PWD – blindness,
c. the 3 crimes falls in FRESH mute, crippled, deaf.
f – falsification C. Emotional Disturbed Children – neurotic children
r – robbery D. Retarded at Maturity – Low IQ / mentally sub normal
e – estafa E.
s – serious or less serious P.I. Levels of Retardation
h – hurto (theft) a. Borderline / dull = 75- 89 IQ Pts.
b. Educable / Moron = 50 – 74 Pts
142. This view asserts that children who started c. Trainable / Imbecile = 25 – 49 Pts
delinquent careers early and committed violent acts d. Custodial / Idiot = below 25
throughout their adolescence would likely to continue as
adults.
A. Culture conflict 146. A delinquent child who internalizes his conflicts and
B. Persistence – Latent Trait Theory becomes preoccupied with his feelings is a:
C. Containment theory A. Social delinquent – aggressive youth that resents
D. Reflective role taking – “labelling theory” authority
B. Accidental delinquent – peer pressure, curiosity, wrong
*Latent Trait Theory ➔ people have master trait (unchanging) place and wrong time
C. Asocial delinquent - cold, brutal, no conscience
*Containment theory (Walter Reckless) (psychopaths)
a. inner control – self-control, temperance, patience, D. Neurotic delinquent
maximum tolerance. E.
b. outer control – Criminogenic Pulls (temptation) sex, 147. This is the highest group of mentally retarded, with I.Q.s
power, fame, money. from about 75 to about 89. The members of this classification are
only slightly retarded and they can usually get by in regular classes
143. What is an institution that receives and if they receive some extra help, guidance and consideration.
rehabilitates youthful offenders or other disturbed children A. Trainable group – 25 – 49 “imbecile
who have behavioral problems for the purpose of determining B. Custodial group – below 25 “idiot”
the appropriate care for them or recommending their C. Educable group – 50 -74 – “moron”
permanent treatment or rehabilitation in other child welfare D. Borderline or low normal group - “dull
agencies? 148. This cause of behavioral disorder of the youth is a result
A. Rehabilitation Center of factors such as personal problems, ignorance and curiosity.
B. Reintegration Center A. Predisposing factor – root cause of delinquency
C. Reformation Center
D. Restoration Center B. Environmental factor – peer pressure, poverty,
*specific answer – Bahay Pagasa (DSWD) unemployment, influence
144. Which among the following is NOT part of the rights of a C. Biologic factor – genes and heredity; physical
child in conflict with the law? defect
A. The right to be imposed a sentence of capital punishment D. Precipitating factor – factor leading to
or life imprisonment, without the possibility of release (no) continuation of delinquency (money, angst, fame, power)
B. The right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, 149. This is where the molding of the character of the
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (yes) child starts and every member of the family should strive to
C. The right not to be deprived, unlawfully or arbitrarily, of make it a wholesome and a harmonious place.
his/her liberty; detention or imprisonment being a disposition of last A. Family
resort, and which shall be for the shortest appropriate period of time B. Home
(yes) C. Church
D. The right to bail and recognizance, in appropriate cases D. School
(yes) TYPES OF FAMILIES
a. Nuclear family – composed of father, mother and
15 Rights of a CICL children
b. Extended family – father (haligi), mother (ilaw), children
1. no – life imprisonment (prutas), grandparents, aunt , uncle, palamuning pinsan
2. no – reclusion perpetua (anay). Note: kabit – reserbang ilaw / emergency light
3. no – death penalty c. Blended Family = mixed family due to remarriage

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 d. Conjugal Family = father + mother = no child D. Sexually Neglected Child
150. It is the application of the criminal justice to
minors and youthful offender through the cooperation of the 157. Family home type which provide temporary shelter from
criminal justice system. 10 to 20 days for children under observation by the DSWD.
A. Child Justice System A. Receiving homes
B. Youth Justice System B. Maternity homes – place for pregnant woman and her
C. Minor Justice System child
D. Juvenile Justice System – RA 9344 as amended RA C. Nursery – provides care to children below 6 years of age.
10630 D. Shelter care institution – provides care and welfare to
151. A category of delinquency which may be abused and abandoned children.
credited to peer pressure or pure curiosity on the part of the
young person. 158. His delinquent act has a cold, brutal, vicious quality for
A. Social which the youth feels no remorse.
B. Accidental A. Asocial
C. Neurotic B. Neurotic – preoccupied feelings
D. Asocial C. Accidental – peer pressure and curiosity
D. Social – aggressive youth
152. It asserts that lower class youths with limited
legitimate opportunity, join gangs and pursue a criminal career 159. View that youth can move in and out of delinquency and
to achieve alternate means universal success goals. that their lifestyle can adjust and embrace both deviant and
A. Culture conflict conventional values.
B. Social development model A. Swift
C. Containment theory B. Drift
D. Differential opportunity theory – LLOYD OHLIN C. Coast
153. Under the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of D. Waft
2006”, which among the following refers to a child who is
alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an Neutralization Theory (Drift theory) – Davit Matza and Gresham
offense under Philippine laws? Sykes
A. Juvenile Delinquent J – justification
B. Child in Conflict with the Law A – alibi
C. Minor Offender R – rationalization
D. Youth Criminal 160. What is a child caring institution that provides care for six
*note = the term CICL will be used in all of the pillars of CJS or more children below six years of age twenty-four hours a day,
Law enforcement ➔ suspect = CICL except those duly licensed to offer primarily medical and educational
Prosecution ➔ respondent = CICL services?
Court ➔ Accused / Defendant = CICL A. Nursery
Correction ➔ PDL = CICL B. Detention Home – place for children under trial
Community ➔ Client / Person / Citizen / Ex Convict = CICL C. Day Care
D. Maternity – place for pregnant woman or her child

154. It refers to anti-social act which deviates from 161. It refers to a series of activities, which are designed to
normal pattern of rules and regulations. address issues that caused the child to commit an offense. It may
A. Recidivism take the form of an individualized treatment program, which may
B. Juvenile delinquency include counseling, skills training, education, and other activities
C. Quasi recidivism that will enhance his/her psychological, emotional and psychosocial
D. Delinquency well-being.
*note: kapag walang binabanggit na bata sa question, wag A. Diversion – alternative program in replacement to a
dagdagan ng salitang juvenile judicial proceeding
B. Rehabilitation – reformation
155. It refers to persons and individuals who are effective C. Probation – PD 968 – disposition underwhich a defendant
deterrents to crime and delinquency such as police or watchful and after conviction and sentence is released subject to the
concerned neighbors. conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a
A. Clever guardians probation officer.
B. Proficient guardians D. Intervention
C. Capable guardians
D. Qualified guardians John Augustus – father of probation in USA
Routine Activities Theory Matthew Davenport Hill - father of probation in England
Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson Edward Savage – 1st appointed probation officer
3 elements of Crime Teodulo Natividad – father of probation in the Philippines
a. Presence of motivated offender (desire)
b. Availability of suitable targets (capability) 162. This period of human life covers puberty to 17
c. Absence of capable guardians (opportunity) years old.
A. Adolescence
156. It exists when the child is malnourished, ill clad and B. Early adolescence
without proper shelter. A child is unattended when left by himself C. Juvenile
without provision for his needs and/or without proper supervision. D. None of the above
What classification of neglected child is this?
A. Physically Neglected Child 10 Stages of Human Development
B. Psychologically Neglected Child
C. Emotionally Neglected Child – love and care

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 1. pre natal stage – starts in conception up to 9 months (fetal (Herbert Packer)
stage) a. Crime Control model – ginawa ang CJS para
2. infancy stage – birth to 2 weeks (shortest period, protektahan ang tao laban sa krimen
hazardous age) b. Due Process model – protection of equal rights and
3. Babyhood – 2 weeks to 2 y/o – age of rapid development maintenance of uniform procedure (pantay na Karapatan at
4. Early Childhood – 2 y/o – 6 y/o – pre school age; parehong proseso)
troublesome age
5. Late Childhood – 6 – 10 or 12 – elementary age; 167. According to this criminal justice model, the rights of an
quarrelsome age (10% suntukan; 90% ano ano ano ano) individual must be co-equal with the concern for public safety.
6. Puberty – 10/12 – 14 – rapid change; overlapping a. Crime prevention b b. crime control
7. Adolescence – 14 – 17 – threshold of adulthood c. Law and order d. due process
8. Early Adulthood – 18 – 40 – time of reproduction; time of
creativity, time of isolation. 168. This principal character of the criminal justice process
9. Middle age – 40 – 60 – time of empty nest; dangerous links all components of the CJS.
age; time of evaluation a. Offender
10. old age / senescence – 60 – death = age of decline; b. Victim
aging out. c. witness
d. Crime
163. A 24-hour child-caring institution that provide *most important person
short term resident care for youthful offenders. *main actor
A. Bahay Pag-asa *superstar of CJS
B. Nursery *forgotten Character – victim
C. Child caring institution 169. The frontline defender of democracy in the CJS.
D. Foster home – placement agency for adoption purposes. a. Prosecution b. Correction
Adoptee – adoptive child c. Police d. Court
Adopter – adoptive parents Summary of 5 Pillars
a. Law Enforcement – initiator, starter, police pillar, prime
164. It refers to a principle, which requires a process mover, frontline defender, 1st responder & gatekeeper.
of resolving conflicts with the maximum involvement of the b. Prosecution – linking pillar, screening pillar, evaluation
victim, the offender and the community. It seeks to obtain pillar & lawyer of the state, lawyer of the PP.
reparation for the victim; reconciliation of the offender, the c. Court – centerpiece of CJS, most important pillar,
offended and the community; and reassurance to the offender mediator, arbiter, dispenser of justice, only pillar not under the
that he/she can be reintegrated into society. It also enhances executive branch & carrier of judicial power
public safety by activating the offender, the victim and the d. Correction – weakest pillar, penalization pillar, tax eating
community in prevention strategies. pillar (P70 per day), color coded
A. Restorative Justice – non punitive justice e. Community – reintegration pillar, independent pillar
B. Rehabilitative Justice 170. He is responsible in evaluating the evidence the
C. Reformative Justice police have gathered and deciding whether it is sufficient to
D. Reintegrative Justice warrant the filing of charge(s) against the alleged violator.
*Retributive justice – a justice that ends the process thru the a. Investigator
imprisonment and punishment of the offender b. judge – arbiter of the court
c. prosecutor
Part 4 – Criminal Justice System d. solicitor general – prosecutor for cases in CA and SC
171. He is an arbiter in court who ensures that the
165. Who is the chairman of the Lupon Tagapamayapa in the defense and the prosecution adhere to the legal requirements
Barangay Level where there is a diversion program? of introducing evidences.
A. Punong Barangay a. Clerk of court – alter ego of the judge b. judge
B. BCPC Chairman c. sheriff – executor of the judge orders d. jury
C. LSWDO
D. PNP member shire – military camp
Composition of Lupon Tagapamaya rieve – head man
1. Chairman – Brgy Captain constabuli – constable – keeper of the horse
2. Secretary – Brgy. Secretary
3. Members – 10 to 20 members 172. The pillar of the CJS which is not under the
executive branch of the government.
Function: Mediation Process and to have an amicable settlement a. law enforcement
(15 days) b. court
c. prosecution
*Q – What cases can be hear by Brgy.? d. correction
*A – PD 1508 says that all crimes with penalty of ONE (1) YEAR
BELOW or FINE of 5,000 or less 173. A pillar of CJS which occupies a unique position
in the Philippine Criminal Justice System serving as the
PD 1508 – Katarungang Pambarangay Law (Ferdinand Marcos) lawyer of the State or government in criminal cases.
a. law enforcement b. court
166. This criminal justice model is based on the idea that the c. prosecution d. correction
most important function of the CJS is the protection of the public and
the repression of criminal conduct. 174. This document is required by the Prosecutor’s
a. Crime prevention b. Crime control Office before it can entertain a complaint on a case covered
c. Law and order d. Due process by the Barangay Court.
2 Models of CJS a. Certificate of Non-Settlement

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 b. Certificate of Non-arbitration * Q – summary proceeding to determine the legality of arrest for
c. Certificate to file action (CFA) those person arrested without warrant? = INQUEST
d. complaint affidavit *Q – Simple questioning – interview
*Certificate to File action – if the mediation and arbitration *Q – vigorous questioning – interrogation
failed
182. In cases committed by Public officer with salary grade 27
175. It refers to the study of the various agency of our and above in violation of Act 3019, R.A. 1379 or Art. 210 to 212 of
government in charged of processing law violators to ensure the Revised Penal Code a complaint should first be filed to the
the protection of the society and maintenance of peace and office of _______ for the conduct of the required preliminary
order. investigation.
a. Criminology – study of crimes and criminals a. Ombudsman b. Solicitor General
b. Criminal Justice c. Judge of MTC d. the President
c. Victimlogy – study of role of victim Q – what is the jurisdiction of the ombudsman
d. Sociology – study of society
A – ombudsman is a special prosecutor for cases against public
176. Refers to the person who is being implicated to official for cases related to their official function
the commission of a crime and subject of an investigation.
a. Convict b. respondent *Q – a mayor is suspected to have committed graft and corruptin.
c. Accused d. suspect Where shall we file the complaint
preliminary investigation (prosecutor) ➔ respondent a. national prosecution service (regular prosecutor)
Judicial proceeding (court) ➔ accused b. Barangay
Penalization / rehabilitation ➔ PDL / convict c. Office of the Ombudsman
d. MTC
177. Is the machinery of the state which enforces the
rules of conduct necessary to protect life and property and to *Q – in relation to the above question. What will the ombudsman
maintain peace and order? do? ➔ preliminary investigation and look for probable cause
a. Criminal Justice System
b. Criminology – study of crimes and criminal as a social *Q – in relation to the above question, after finding of the probable
phenomenon. cause, where to file the information? SANDIGAN BAYAN
c. Criminal law – branch of public substantive law which
defines crimes, treats of their nature and provide for their 183. It is the authority of the court to try/hear cases for the first
punishment time to the exclusion of other courts.
d. Criminal jurisprudence – court decisions that became part a. original jurisdiction - 1st court
of the law. b. exclusive jurisdiction - specific case
c. appellate jurisdiction – 2nd or 3rd court
178. What do you call a court covering two (2) or d. concurrent jurisdiction
more municipalities? exclusive jurisdiction – specific cases
a. MTC b. MeTC SB – RA 3019 and RA 7080
c. MCTC d. MTC’s Shari’a – PD 1083 – Muslim Personal Law (Civil)
for municipalities – MTC
for cities in NCR – METC 184. The Lupon Tagapamayapa shall be composed
for cities outside NCR – MTCC of the Brgy. Chairman as Chairman of the Lupon and the Brgy.
for courts for 2 municipalities – MCTC Secretary as the Secretary of the Lupon and other members
for cases with penalty of more than 6 years = RTC who shall be:
for muslim civil cases – sharia a. more than 10 but less than 20
for tax cases – CTA b. not less than 10 but not more than 20
for cases of graft and corruption – SB c. more than 10
for cases of appeals – CA d. less than 10
for general and last resort – SC 185. This is the power to apply the law to contests or
179. A pillar of our CJS which is not under or interdependent disputes concerning legally recognized rights or duties
from any branch of government. between the state and private persons, or between individual
a. prosecution b. correction litigants in cases properly brought before the judicial tribunal.
c. court d. community a. Judicial Power b. Judicial Review
c. Court d. Court of Justice
180. During trial of a criminal case, it is the prosecutor who *other definitions
directs the prosecution of the offense and he/she did it on the - power to mediate
behalf of the state. Once a case is elevated to the higher court - power to settle cases
such as Court of Appeals, who represents the State in the Judicial Review – power of the SC to review the
prosecution of the offense? constitutionality of laws passed by the congress
a. Chief State Prosecutor Judicial independence – the court has the power against
b. Solicitor General interference from other agencies
c. National or provincial prosecutor
d. Judge 186. It refers to the “court of last resort”.
a. RTC b. Sandiganbayan
181. It refers to the questioning initiated by law enforcement c. Supreme Court d. MTC
officer after a person has been taken into custody. Summary of the Judiciary Branch
a. custodial investigation b. interview *Supreme Court
c. inquest d. interrogation - highest court of the land
*Q – what law provides for the rights of a person arrested, - court of last resort
detained or under custodial investigation = RA 7438 - general jurisdiction – it can hear ALL cases

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 - 14 Associate Justice & 1 Chief justice (14+1) T – temporary stay
*Court of Appeals CA- Cancellation
- 2nd highest court W – withholding or withdrawal
- appellate court for RTC, CTA and Sharia Grounds for Reprieve
- 68 associate justice & 1 presiding justice a. Pregnant – wait for delivery
b. Newly given birth – 1 year
*Sandigan Bayan c. Old age – 70 y/o
-PD 1606 d. Insanity
- Anti Graft Court
- Public Officials for cases related to their official functions d. C – Commutation – LO-MI-RE-DI-SHO-T
- RA 3019 – Anti Graft and Corrupt Practices Act LO – lowering
- Ra 7080 – Anti Plunder Law – 50,000,000 above MI – mitigation
- Salary grade 27 above RE – reduction
- 14 + 1 DI – diminution
SHO – shortening
*Shari’a Court T – transforming
- PD 1083
- headed by a sharia Judge 189. Prison is a place for confinement of convicted prisoners.
- personal Muslim laws What classification of prisoners is sentenced to serve a prison term
2 Types of Shari’a Court of one day to three (3) years or whose fine is less than 6,000 but
a. Sharia Circuit Court – equivalent of MTC in BARMM more than 200 or both?
b. Sharia District Court – equivalent of RTC in BARMM a. National prisoner
b. City prisoner
*Court of Tax Appeals c. provincial prisoner
- Ra 1125 d. municipal prisoner
-5+1 TYPES OF PDL’s
- hear cases decide by BIR (Tax) and Bureau of Customs a. Trial, investigation, waiting final judgment – detainee –
(Customs Duties) nyellow
b. Convicted by final judgement / mittimus order – sentence
*Regional Trial Court prisoner
- court of 1st instance c. Imprisoned for protection and care – safekeeping
- headed by regional judge d. Sentence of 1 day to 6 months – municipal prisoner
- +720 branches nationwide e. Sentence 6 mos & 1 day up to 3 years – provincial
- cases with a penalty of more than 6 years prisoner
- Special Laws like RA 9165, RA 9262, RA 7610 & RA 9344 f. Sentence 1 day to 3 years – City Prisoner
Note: RTC changes its name to Family court if the case is g. Sentence more than 3 years – Insular or National
involving abuses against women and children and if the case Prisoner ➔ BuCOr ➔ 7 wonders of the Philippines
is CICL h. 20 years above, heinous crimes, life imprisonment,
death penalty ➔ MAXIMUM PRISONER – tangerine
*MTC i. Below 20 years, 1st time offender, newly arrive
- 1st level court ➔MEDIUM PRISONER - mlue
- hear case with a penalty of less than 6 years j. 6 month left, handicapped or 65 y/o above ➔
- cases of violation of ordinances MINIMUM PRISONER – mrown
- violation of rental laws
- handle failed mediation with CFA 190. He represent the government’s position in a
criminal case during court proceedings from the time of the
187. This court was created under RA 1125, as amended, suspect’s arrest until the adjudication of his case.
which has exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review on appeal a. Counsel de officio b. counsel de parte
decisions of the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue involving c. Public Attorney’s Office d. prosecutor
internal revenue taxes and decisions of the Commissioner of counsel de officio – lawyer given by the government
Customs involving customs duties. counsel de parte – private lawyer / defense lawyer
a. Court of Justice b. Court of Appeals PAO – gives free legal assistance (Atty. Persida Acosta)
c. Sandiganbayan d. Court of Tax Appeals
191. What is the highest rank in the national
188. Executive clemencies are acts of grace exercise by the prosecution service?
president. Which of the following is not one of them? a. Prosecutor V b. Prosecutor IV
a. Pardon b. Amnesty c. Prosecutor VI d. Chief Prosecutor
c. Commutation of Sentence d. Parole highest rank – prosecutor 5
Executive – “president” highest position – prosecutor general
Clemency – forgiveness
Types of Executive Clemencies (PARC) 192. The Office of the ____________represents the
a. P – pardon – act of grace granted by the chief executive Government of the Philippines, its agencies and
to convicted offender by means of extinction of criminal liability instrumentalities and its officials and agents in any litigation,
(removal of imprisonment) proceeding, investigation or matter requiring the services of
b. A – Amnesty – general pardon, blanket pardon, granted lawyers
to a group of political offenders, granted by the president with the a. Solicitor General
concurrence congress (2/3 of votes) b. Public Attorney’s Office
c. R – reprieve – “SU-PO-T-CA-W” – death penalty c. Counsel de officio
SU – suspension b. counsel de parte
PO – postponement *2 functions of SolGen

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 a. acts as the lawyer of the state for CA and SC *delicadeza – ability to sacrifice self interest
b. acts as the lawyer of the government in case of litigation *camaraderie – spirit of team work and cooperation
*honor code – highest law in police and military (do not lie, do not
PART 5 – POLICE ETHICS AND VALUES cheat, do not steal nor tolerate those who do) – Douglas Mc Arthur

193. An established and generally accepted moral 200. PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all
values refer to. times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization.
a. integrity b. morality This commitment to police professional conduct is simply known
c. ethical standard d. authority as _________:
*Integrity – ability to stay away to any form of corruption a. discipline c. devotion to duty
*Morality – quality of being moral or immoral b. delicadeza d. dedication to work
*Authority – power to command subordinates
201. A manifestation of love of country with a pledge of
194. These are forbidden acts involving misuse of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
office or authority for personal gain. a. nationalism c. heroism
a. corruption c. immorality b. patriotism d. valor
b. deviance d. brutality *valor – highest form of bravery; ability to sacrifice life
*Deviance – behavior violating norms
*Brutality – excessive use of police force in the exercise of 202. It is the ability to last.
duty (police oppression) a. endurance b. patience
RA 3019 – Anti Graft and Corrupt Practices Act b. perseverance d. fortitude

195. Considered as the highest form of love in the *perseverance – ability to go on despite of obstacles.
PNP hierarchy of police values. *patience – ability to remain calm
a. love of women *fortitude – firmness of the mind, courage to endure without
b. love of God yielding
c. selfless love of people
d. love of power 203. It means courage to endure without yielding.
a. prudence c. fortitude
Police Officers Creed b. temperance d. justice
a. I believe in God, a supreme being, a great provider and *prudence – ability to discipline oneself; ability to make sound
the creator of everything that is dear to me. judgment
b. I believe in selfless love and service to people *temperance – ability to control oneself, ability to moderate
c. I believe that respect for authority is a duty sexual appetite.
d. I believe in sanctity of marriage and respect for women *justice – ability to give someone of his rights
e. I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship
over material things 204. It means “love for the country”
f. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness a. patriotism c. nationalism
b. valor d. bravery
196. The _____ character of the police requires adherence to
the rule on merit and fitness system. 205. What Executive Order provides for the
a. civilian c. social institutionalization of the Doctrine of Command Responsibility
b. authoritarian d. democratic in all law enforcement agencies particularly in the PNP?
Art 16 Sec 6 of 1987 Constitution – the state shall establish and a. E.O. 266 b. E.O. 226 -FVR
maintain one police force which national in scope (nationwide) c. E.O. 227 d. E.O. 236
and civilian in character to be supervised and administered by the *command responsibility – commensurate accountability of
NAPOLCOM. superiors to his subordinate
WOA ➔ Marwan (Zulkifhi Binhir) ➔ mamasapano
197. Giving unfair breaks to friends and relatives.
a. deviance c. misconduct WOA ➔ PNOY ➔ PDG Allan Purisima ➔ PDir. Hetulio
b. nepotism d. corruption Napenas ➔ 45 SAF Trooper ➔ serve the warrant ➔
other options: cronyism Marwan was killed but 44 SAF trooped died

198. PNP members are expected to by the public not to seek 3 Exemptions to Command Responsibility
political influence nor get “padrino” on matters pertaining to a. If the superior is not informed
assignment, award, training and promotion. This means that all b. If you conducted an immediate investigation
PNP members are discouraged to resort to: c. If you just follow legal orders from higher authorities.
a. political patronage
b. influence peddling 206. Excessive use of force or police brutality is a
c. partisan politics violation of the ethical standards. PNP members shall
d. political corruption exercise proper and ______ use of authority in the
*Q – who appoints chief of police – Mayor or Local Chief Executive performance of duty.
*Q – who appoints provincial director? Governor a. effective c. proportionate
*Q – who appoints the chief of the PNP? – president b. legitimate (legal) d. responsible

199. Insp. Garcia’s word is his bond, he stand by it and commit 207. Otherwise known as the “Code of Ethics of
to uphold it. Inspector Garcia therefore has: Public Officials or Employees”.
a. delicadeza c. word of honor a. a. R.A. 3019 c. R.A. 7080
b. camaraderie d. honor code b. R.A. 6713 d. R.A. 7438
*RA 3019 – anti graft and corruption

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 *RA 7080 – anti plunder law
*RA 7438 – rights of a person arrested, detained or under 216. The best relation a law enforcement organization can give
custodial investigation. to the community is:
a. good and credible performance
b. frequent media coverage of police work (propaganda)
208. Under this ethical standard, the PNP member c. good public press relations
shall take legitimate means to achieve goals despite of d. community visitations
internal of external and internal difficulties. 217. In launching a police community program, to attain a
a. integrity c. orderliness sound degree of success, link or “ugnayan” should be made first
b. humility d. perseverance with:
*humility – service without arrogance a. Community Civic organization
*orderliness – ability to follow procedures. b. Local prominent residents
c. local ladies club
209. All PNP members must have the moral d. Barangay officials
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-
honored principle of ____. 218. To develop public good will, a policeman on duty must do
a. Delicadeza c. Amor propio the following, EXCEPT:
b. Pride d. Pakikisama a. be selective of people to serve - partisanship
b. be courteous and fair
210. It is an omission or refusal, without sufficient c. be quick to assist individuals in their problem
excuse, to perform an act or duty which is the police officer’s d. perform job with dedication and efficiency
legal obligation to perform. *Non – Partisanship – service to all without discrimination
a. nonfeasance b. misfeasance despite of color, race or religion.
b. malfeasance d. corruption
Misfeasance – you follow legal orders BUT you committed 219. It refers to the conceptual policy laid down for the
mistakes in the performance of duty / improper performance observance of all law enforcement personnel to exercise utmost
(sinunod mo pero mali ang pagkakagawa) restraint and self-control in the performance of their official
Malfeasance – you committed prohibited acts not ought to be functions.
done (gumawa ka ng ipinagbabawal o isang bagay hindi a. command responsibility
pinagagawa) - misconduct b. reasonable force
Nonfeasance – failure to perform legal orders (neglect of duty) c. rules of engagement
d. maximum tolerance
211. No PNP member shall engage in any activity which shall
be in conflict with their duties as public servant. 220. The primary purpose of police ethics is to
a. malingering c. moonlighting enlighten the members of the police service of _________.
b. loyalty to the service d. delicadeza a. what is right and what is wrong
*malingering – faking sickness to escape work b. the right attitude
c. what behavior is really acceptable
212. What is the primary purpose of a public relation program? d. the right thing to do
a. to develop mutual understanding between the police and Ethics – science of morality of men; science of understanding
public; what is ethical and unethical. (Ethos – character; Ethikos –
b. To plan for a community relation program; Customs)
c. To recruit new members for community relations;
d. To train police officers in community relations. 221. It is a habit which inclines a man to act in a way
*Police Community Relations (PRC) that harmonizes with his nature. (Habit of doing good)
- cooperation a. ethics c. virtue
- good image b. right d. conscience
- public trust *habit of doing bad – vice
- mutual understanding *conscience – principle of morality
- goodwill
- public confidence 222. The police officer’s relations with the officers
213. What program is concerned with creating a favorable and men of his own department, his supervisor, the station
public image of the police? commander, as well as the city or municipal mayor where he
a. police relations c. Press relations is assigned is an example of:
b. Community relations d. public relations a. intra-departmental relations
b. professional relation
214. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and c. good relation
cooperation in the police organization. d. inter-departmental relation
a. loyalty c. patriotism intra – inside
b. camaraderie d. valor
*loyalty – pledge of allegiance to a country 223. All PNP officers shall follow logical procedures
*breach of loyalty / allegiance = TREASON in accomplishing task assigned to them to minimize waste in
the use of time, money and efforts. This refers to ________.
215. It is the sum total of all the dealings of the police with the a. perseverance c. humility
people it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation the police b. orderliness d. integrity
needs for the greatest possible efficiency in public service.
a. Police Community Relations 224. The act of extending hospitality to visiting
b. Human relations personnel who pays respect to the command or unit.
c. Police Public relation a. courtesy – respect
d. Public relations b. exit call – ceremony for leaving police officer

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 c. courtesy of the post – ceremony for visiting high ranking C. descriptive research – research of current scenarios to give
officials detailed description on what, where, when, who, why and how
d. turn over ceremony – “change of command” D. criminological research – research applied to criminology
ex. Naga City police station chief visit the Chief of police of
Cebu City Other Types of Research
a. Thesis – research needed for a BS/AB or MS degree
Midnight Appointment – sudden appointment of officials to b. Dissertation – research need for a PhD or EdD Degree.
office before the retirement of the president. c. Pure research – to make a new theory
d. Applied research – to test a theory
225. The sum total of the dealings between the e. Explanatory research – detailed explanation
police and the people it serves, and whose goodwill and f. Experimental – study of the future events
cooperation it craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the 232. This finds answer to the questions who, what, when, where
service. and how; this type of research describes a situation or a given state
a. police community relations of affairs in terms of special aspects or factors.
b. police public relations A. descriptive research C. historical research
c. human relation B. experimental research D. all of these
d. community relation Experimental – study of the future events
Historical – study of the past events
226. It is the doing either through ignorance, Action Research – make immediate solution
inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no legal right Comparative research – similarities and differences.
to do. Correlational research – study the relationship between 2 or more
a. nonfeasance c. misfeasance variables (salary & performance)
b. malfeasance d. oppression
improper performance – mis feasance 233. It is concerned with the acquisition of new
failure to perform – nonfeasance knowledge (new theories) for the sake of science or the
development of the field.
227. Under these police professional conduct, PNP A. pure basic research C. applied research
members including their families must encourage to be actively B. empirical research D. action research
involved in religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image
of the organization without affecting their official duties. 234. In this classification of research; concepts are
a. Happy Hours c. Police Lifestyle assigned numerical value; and research methods in the social
b. Social Gatherings d. None of these sciences, of which criminal justice is heir, had followed these
*Specific answer – social awareness basic philosophical traditions.
*happy hours – Friday A. all of these C. quantitative research
*police lifestyle – living simple and decent life B. none of these D. qualitative research
*Quantitative – use of tool called “survey” and the result
228. “Judicious use of Authority” means: statistics
a. Respect for Human Rights – respect for democracy *Qualitative – use of tool called “interview” and the result is
b. Legitimate use authority the actual answer of the respondents.
c. Practical use of government resources
d. Logical procedures – orderliness 235. This is responsible for new products, new knowledge
and new ways of undertaking projects.
*what law created the PNP? RA 6975 A. Manufacturing C. Developmental
*what law requires PNP members to be college graduate? RA 8551 B. Research D. Experiment
*What law gave additional 5 years to PNP members to finish their
college degree? RA 9708 236. The first and the most important step in
*what law changes the ranking system of the PNP? RA 11200 conducting a research project.
A. Determining the appropriate research method
229. A practical science that treats the principle of human morality B. Collection of Data
and duty as applied to law enforcement. C. Identification of a research problem
a) Ethics D. Formulating hypothesis
b) Command responsibility
c) Police service 237. This refers to the overall plan and scheme in
d) police ethics conducting the study.
a. Methods of Research
230. The police officer performed an act under the law but b. Research Design
committed a mistake in the execution of such act: c. Both A and C
a) nonfeasance c. malfeasance d. None of them
b) misfeasance d. none of these Other options – research methodology (Chapter 3)
Chapter 1 – introduction
PART 6 – CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH Chapter 2 – review of related literature
Chapter 3 – methods of research
231. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge in the Chapter 4 – presentation and analysis of data
field of criminology or criminal justice, undertaken to discover or Chapter 5 – conclusion and recommendation
establish facts of the crimes or causations of crime.
A. social science research – research involving society and 238. A data-gathering instrument or device used to
environment determine what is occurring or what individuals are doing.
B. criminal justice research – research about the function of every A. Interview C. Questionnaire
government agencies B. Observation D. Survey

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 239. This is an oral type of questionnaire to b. Framework D. Hypothesis
determine the perceptions of the individuals or groups. *intelligent guess; scientific prediction = hypothesis
A. Interview C. Questionnaire 2 Types of Hypothesis
B. Observation D. Survey a. alternative hypothesis – positive prediction (H+)
b. Null Hypothesis – negative prediction (H-)
240. This uses carefully planned and printed items ex. Titan gel is very effective in men’s elongation of jun jun
given to respondents in order to elicit answers to questions of
the research. 251. Its purpose is to study intensively the background, current
A. Interview C. Questionnaire status, and environmental interactions of a given social unit: an
B. Observation D. Survey individual, group, institution or community.
Note: observation, interview and survey are called as a. Survey C. Case Study
research instrument / research tool (data gathering tool) b. Ethnographic D. None of them
252. This is used in studying the society – its customs,
traditions, behavior and beliefs.
241. The purpose of this part of research is to give a. Survey C. Case Study
readers the context of the present research. b. Ethnography D. None of them
A. Introduction – chapter 2 253. This section presents the specific problems of the study
B. Method of Research – chapter 3 that needs to be stated correctly by way of a precise question which
C. Review of Related Literature – chapter 2 demands specific answer.
D. Conclusion – chapter 5 a. Background of the Study
Other option: the problem and its background. b. Hypothesis of the Study
c. Statement of the Problem
242. These are inferences, deductions, abstractions d. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
and/or generalizations based on findings. *Other options – research objectives
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Recommendations 254. In this part of the research, the researcher outlines theory
he wishes to espouse or verify.
243. These are addressed to those concerned to a. Review of Related Literature
help solve the problem, guided by the research findings. b. Methods of Research
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion c. Theoretical Framework
B. Introduction D. Recommendations d. Introduction
*theoretical framework – it indicates the theory in which the
244. This part of research must be feasible, logical and valid research is anchored
which may address the findings of the research.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion Title: Effect of Childhood Socialization to Delinquent Behavior
B. Introduction D. Recommendations of Children
Theory: Differential Association theory (Edwin Sutherland)
245. This highlights the findings without detailed statistical data
and analysis. 255. In this part, the researcher reads literature,
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion summarizes the literature, and synthesizes the results in
B. Summary D. Recommendations relation to the problem.
Conclusion – findings, inferences, abstractions, highlights a. Review of Related Literature - chapter 2
Recommendation – solution, suggestion, product of research b. Methods of Research – chapter 3
c. Theoretical Framework - chapter 2
246. This part of research includes the works-and only those d. Introduction – chapter 1
works-cited in the text. Note:
A. References C. Appendices *literatures – published materials (books, journals, news
B. Bibliography D. Both A and B paper, internet contents)
*studies – unpublished materials (thesis, dissertation and
247. Is a method of inquiry for the purpose of obtaining facts in researches)
response to questions.
a. Manufacturing C. Developmental 256. Research in criminology is focused on –
b. Research D. Experiment a. Crime and Criminalities (yes)
*ultimate goal of research – solve the problem b. Criminals and Criminal Behaviors (yes)
c. Corrections and Treatment (yes)
248. It describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or d. All of them
measures. Note: wag masanay na laging sumasagot ng all of the above
a. Qualitative Research
b. Quantitative Research 257. These are terms that need to be defined in the
c. Both A and C study?
d. None of them a. Universally accepted terms
b. Operational Terms
249. The ultimate aim of research is – c. Terms defined over dictionaries
a. To test a theory – applied research d. None of them
b. To solve a problem *operational definition – the word must be defined depending
c. To develop new theory or product - pure research on the way it was USED in the research (idefine kung paano
d. All of them mo ginamit ang salita sa research)

250. This is a specific statement of prediction. Ex. Dionisio is the HEAD of the company.
a. Setting of the Study C. Introduction

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 Head – the leader of the company / president of the company
(operational)
Head – uppermost part of the body which contains the face, RCRIM KA NA!!!!!
eyes, nose, the skull and the brain (literal)
NOTHING FOLLOWS
258. Setting (place) of the Study in the Traditional
Format is similar to this component of the IMRAD Format. PREPARED BY:
a. Paradigm C. Research Design
b. Research Locale D. None of them DEAN JOHN MICHAEL D. DIONISIO, RCrim., MSCJ, CSP,
Traditional Format (APA – American Psychological PHD(C)
Association) – contains 5 chapters
IMRAD Format – shorter format or international format (I –
introduction; M- methods, R -result, a-and, D-dicussion
259. Simulacrum (flowchart) in the IMRAD Format is
similar to this part of the Traditional Format.
a. Paradigm C. Research Design
b. Research Locale D. None of them

260. The following scientific inquiry may be useful in

criminological research except –
a. Solutions of crimes and criminalities
b. Causation of Crimes
c. Marketing problems – BSBA
d. Crime Prevention

a. Explanatory Research
b. Keen Research
c. Pure Basic Research – create a theory
d. Qualitative Research – use of interview
261. This type of research emphasis verbal descriptions
(words) of human behaviour and practices in an attempt to
understand how the units or members of the study population
experience or explain their own world.
a. Explanatory Research
b. Exploratory Research
c. Qualitative Research
d. Quantitative Research
262. This refers to the type of research according to the type
of analysis commences with the total situations. Focusing its
interest on the system first and then on it’s internal relationships.
a. Analytical Research – study of specific phenomena
b. Applied Research – test a theory

c. Historical Research – study of the past

d. Holistic

263. It is an objective that relates directly to the research

problem and states clearly what the researcher will do and expects
to find out.
a. Alternative Hypothesis – positive hypothesis
b. General Objectives – title
c. Null Hypothesis – negative hypothesis
d. Specific Objectives – statement of the problem

264. Which of these frameworks has been emphasized when

arguments on how and why a particular factor can possibly
influence another are presented?
a. Conceptual Framework – research diagram (paradigm)
b. Framework
c. Research Frameworks
d. Theoretical Framework - anchored theory
265. Among the types of variables, which of this usually the
problem itself?
a. Antecedent Variable – affects the independent variable
b. Dependent Variable -changing
c. Independent Variable – will not change
d. Intervening Variable

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