Dec2022 FC Crim by Prof. Mindug

CRIMINOLOGY
INTENSIVE FINAL COACHING

Prepared by: Prof. Al-Nashrin Mindug, 5th Placer June 2022 CLE
a. 60%
b. 65%
I. INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY c. 70%
1. This act is known as “The Philippine Criminology Profession Act d. 75%
of 2018”. e. 80%
a. Republic Act No. 11131
b. Republic Act No. 6506 9. Instances when the examinee shall retake all the board
c. Republic Act No. subjects.
d. Republic Act No. a. Failure to have a grade of 75%
b. Failure to retake the failed subject within 1 year
2. It refers to the scientific study of crimes, criminals, and victims, c. Failed to get a passing mark of 85% upon retaking the
it also deals with the prevention, and solution. exam
a. Anthropology d. Failed two board subjects
b. Crime prevention
c. Psychology 10. Instances when the examinee shall retake all of the board
d. Criminology subjects.
e. Sociology a. Failure to have a grade of 80%
b. Failure to retake the failed subjects within 1 year
3. It is a collegial body under the administrative supervision and c. Failed to get a passing mark of 85% upon retaking the
control of the Professional Regulation Commission, to be exam
composed of a chairperson and four (4) members appointed by d. Failed three or more board subjects
the president of the Philippines.
a. Accredited Professional Organization of Criminologists 11. The following are the grounds for revocation or suspension of
b. Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists the certificate of registration of a registered criminologist and
c. Commission on Higher Education cancellation of temporary/special permit granted to foreign
d. Integrated Bar of The Philippines criminologist, except;
a. Aiding or abetting the illegal practice of a non-
4. it is one and only recognized and accredited integrated national registered criminologist by allowing the use of one's certificate of
organization of criminologists. registration and/or professional identification card or
a. Accredited Professional Organization of Criminologists temporary/special permit;
b. Professional Criminologist Association of the Philippines b. Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining one's
c. Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists certificate of registration, professional identification card or
d. Professional Regulation Commission temporary/special permit;
c. Gross incompetence, negligence or ignorance resulting
5. The Chairperson and members of the Professional Regulatory to death or injury of a person, or damage to property;
Board of Criminologists shall hold office for a term of ______ years d. Nonrenewal of the professional identification card for a
from the date of appointment or until their successors shall have period of three (3) years with the PRC without justifiable cause;
been qualified and appointed.
a. 1 12. DECEMBER 2021, What is Republic Act 11131?1000stars
b. 2 A. a law that amend the Republic Act 6506
c. 3 B. A law that partially amend Republic Act 6506
d. 4 C. A law that repeal the Republic Act 6506
e. 5 D. A law that do not repeal Republic Act 6506
6. The Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists is under 13. DECEMBER 2021, Which is not a qualifications for the board
the administrative supervision of what agency of the government? examiners (the Chairperson and its members) under RA 11131?
a. National Police Commission *1,000star
b. Department Of the Interior and Local Government A. Must be a naturalized-born Filipino citizens and a
c. Professional Regulation Commission resident of the Philippines;
d. Commission On Higher Education B. Must be of good moral character, good reputation and
of sound mind and body;
7. Refresher course is required to those who failed for how many C. Not convicted by a court of competent jurisdictions of
times the Criminologist licensure examination? any offense involving moral turpitude;
a. 1 D. Must be a graduate of Bachelor of Science in
b. 2 Criminology, and a holder of a Post-Graduate Degree in
c. 3 Criminology or a lawyer in any reputable school recognized by
d. 4 CHED.
e. 5
14. DECEMBER 2021, Under the Philippine Criminology Profession
8. To pass the licensure examination for criminologist, a candidate Act of 2018, the following are the qualifications for Criminology
must obtain a weighted rating of: Licensure Examination,
which is NOT? *1000star
Amici Review Center Page 1

A. Must be a citizen of the Philippines or a foreign citizen a. Crime
whose country/state has reciprocity with the Philippines in the b. Illegal act
practice of criminology c. Offense
B. Must be of good moral character, good reputation and d. Felony
of sound mind and body certified by the school where he/she
graduated and the barangay where he/she lives, unless the 24. lack of foresight is _____
examinee is a foreign national a certification from any professional a. Negligence
of good standing will do. b. Imprudence
C. Must hold a bachelor’s degree in criminology duly c. Impatience
accredited by the CHED and conferred by a d. Impartial
school/college/university duly authorized by the government or its
equivalent degree obtained by either Filipino or foreign citizen 25. Behavior that is outside the limits of societal toleration.
from an institution of learning in a foreign country/state; a. Deviance
D. That those who failed three times whether consecutive b. Delinquency
or cumulative in the CLE present a certification of refresher from c. Torts
a reputable institution duly recognized by the CHED. d. Truancy
Note: Five (5) times dapat
26. DECEMBER 2021, Criminology is also related to the study of
15. It is an interdisciplinary science that gathers and analyzes data ______________ behaviors or those actions that depart from
on various aspect of crime and criminal behavior. social norms, values, beliefs, and customs. 1000stars
a. Criminology A. deviant
b. Sociology B. delinquency
c. Psychology C. abnormal
d. Psychiatry D. violent
16. Criminology changes as social condition changes. This means 27. JUNE 2018 CLE, Any act committed or omitted in violation of
the progress of criminology is concordant with the advancement a public law forbidding or commanding it.
of other sciences that has been applied to it. This means that a. Felony
criminology is. (June 2018 CLE) b. Offense
a. Dynamic c. Crime
b. Progressive d. Mala In se
c. Applied Science
d. Nationalistic 28. it refers to a broad range of activities that the majority in
society may view as eccentric, dangerous, annoying, bizarre and
17. DECEMBER 2021, In 1940s, criminology had been attacked does not conform to the expectation of the group.
and questioned for its fitness as a a. Emotion
science. From among the list below, who questioned the b. Deviant behavior
adequacy of criminology as a science? 1000stars c. Abnormal behavior
a. George L Wilmer d. Crime
b. George L. Wilker
c. George L. Wilber 29. These are results from the failure to properly socialized
d. George L. Wilder individuals and by unequal opportunities between groups.
a. Criminality
18. He coined the word criminology in 1889. b. Conventional values
a. Cesare Beccaria c. Crime
b. Edwind Sutherland d. Conformity
c. Rafaelle Garolfalo
d. Paul Topinard 30. They want to know why and how things go wrong; they want
to apply the scientific methods of research to the study of social
19. DECEMBER 2021, He was regarded as the Dean of American problem and their solution.
Criminology and founded the Theory on Differential Association. a. Criminologists
1000stars b. Sociologists
a. Henry Goddard c. Biologists
b. Richard Dugdale d. psychologists
c. Thorsten Sellin
d. Edwin Sutherland 31. He formulated the formula; Criminal behavior equals criminal
tendencies plus crime inducing situation divided by person
20. Crime is_____.(June 2018 CLE) emotional resistance to temptation. (JUNE 2018 CLE)
a. Individual act a. David Abrahamsen
b. Natural act. b. Sigmund Freud
c. Social problem c. Cesare Lombroso
d. Community problem d. Edwin Sutherland
21. In _______ , a criminal is a person who was found guilty 32. What is innate to man when desire and opportunity is present?
beyond reasonable doubt. a. Intent
a. Criminological Sense b. Motive
b. Legal Sense c. Criminal tendency
c. In criminal justice sense d. Instrumentality
d. Non sense
33. The study of criminology includes three basic concepts,
22. It is an act or omission punishable by penal law. except:
a. Felony a. Investigation of the nature of crimes and criminal law
b. Crime b. Gathering of evidence to prove beyond reasonable
c. Sin doubt the guilt of accused
d. All of the above c. Analysis of causation of crimes and behavior of
criminals
23. It is an act or omission punishable by law which is committed d. Study of the control of crime and the rehabilitation of
by means of dolo or culpa offenders

d. Criminal etiology
34. It refers to the sociological study of law and law-related
phenomena, whereby law is typically conceived as the whole of 45. It is branch of criminology dealing with prison management
legal forms in society as well as the practices and institutions that and the treatment of offenders especially with regards to their
are associated with those norms. rehabilitation. This is the study of punishment.
a. Etiology of crimes A. Dactyloscopy C. Ballistics
b. Sociology of law B. Penology D. Ethics
c. Penology
d. All of the above 46. It is a sub-field of criminology that is primarily concerned with
understanding the interaction between the victim and offender in
35. JUNE 2018 CLE, It is term as the relationship between the the criminal process.
victim and the offender. a. Criminology
a. Penal Couple b. Victimology
b. Married Couple c. Sociology
c. Crime-Suit Couple d. Psychology
d. None of these
47. A concept of crimes that consider behaviors are essentially
36. DECEMBER 2021, Which refers to a feature that can be harmful to a majority of citizens living in society and therefore
focused on separately but that cannot be understood without also have been controlled or prohibited by the existing criminal law.
considering other features a. Consensus view
a. Dimension b. Conflict view
b. Variable c. Interactionist view
c. Limitation d. Social contract view
d. Parameter
48. It is a sub-area of criminology involved in research on specific
37. What does the Latin maxim “Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine criminal types and patterns like violent crimes, theft and public
lege” means? order crimes.
a. There is a no crime if there is no law punishing the act a. Penology
b. There is no crime if there is no punishment b. Criminal behavior system
c. There is no crime if there is no suspect c. Theory construction system
d. There is no crime if there is no victim d. Sociology of law
38. It is the earliest surviving legal codes and which was 49. Crime is a function of competition for limited resources and
developed in about 2000 B.C., and its content is known today as power.
famous set of written laws. a. Structural perspective
A. Kalantiaw Code b. Development perspective
B. Code of Hamurabi c. Process perspective
C. Mosaic Code d. Conflict perspective
D. Twelve Tables
50. This theory purports the criminal behavior is the result of some
39. The society’s primary instrument for making known what acts flaw in their biological makeup of the individual.
are crimes and what sanctions may be applied to those who a. Psychological
commit acts defined as crimes. b. Behavioral
A. Media D. Law c. Sociological
B. Ethics E. Traditions d. Biological
C. Customs
51. A simple extension of this worldview was to define crime as a
40. These are laws made by justices in cases decided in the result of demonic possession or the evil abuse of free will.
appellate courts especially by the Supreme Court. a. Demonological theory
A. Case Laws C. Civil Laws b. Classical school of criminology
B. Statutory Laws D. Common Laws c. Neoclassical criminology
d. Positivist school of criminology
41. JUNE 2018 CLE, The mass of precepts which determines and
regulates those relations of assistance, authority and obedience
existing among members of a family as well as among members 52. The notion that criminal offenders deserve the punishment
of society for the protection of private interests. they received at the hands of the law.
a. Criminal Law a. Specific deterrence
b. Common Law b. Just deserts model
c. Civil Law c. General deterrence
d. Substantive Law d. Utilitarianism
42. Is a study of crime wherein victims area is the focal point. 53. Which refers to the cult or instant gratification?
A. Criminology C. Victimology A. Non-Utilitarian
B. correction D. Penology B. Short-run Hedonism
C. Negativism
43. The belief that criminal law reflects the conflicts of interest of D. Group Autonomy
groups and that the more powerful groups define the law.
a. Conduct norm 53.v. It grew out of a reaction the barbaric system of law,
b. Conflict model of law punishment and justice that existed.
c. Consensus model a. Demonological theory
d. Nota b. Classical school of criminology
c. Neoclassical criminology
44. What is the particular field of study in criminology when one d. Positivist school of criminology
is studying the causes of crime in a given geographical
location?1000Stars 54. A classical school philosophy that believed people act in
a. Sociology of crime accordance with their desires to maximize pleasure and avoid pain
b. Criminal Demography a. Hedonism
c. Criminal ecology b. Classical theory

c. Positivist philosophy 64. The study of criminology in relation to physical constitution of
d. Neo-classical school man is called.
A. Criminal ecology
55. DECEMBER 2021, It assumes that all human actions are B. Criminal psychology
calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing C. Criminal demography
happiness (pleasure) or unhappiness (pain), what is this? D. Criminal physical anthropology
1000stars
a. Utilitarianism 65. DECEMBER 2017, He developed a system of classifying
b. Altruism criminals according to bodily measurements, his method of
c. Hedonism identification centered on the fact that no two individuals are alike
d. Atavism in all dimensions.
a. Dr. Charles Goring
56. DECEMBER 2021, He reasoned that if prevention was the b. Alphonse Bertillon – Bertillonage system
purpose of punishment, and if punishment became too costly by c. RH Goddard
creating more harm than good, then penalties needed to be set d. John Howard
just a bit in excess of the pleasure one might derive from
committing a crime, and no higher. 1000stars 66. June 2018 CLE, Criminal____ the study of milieu in relation to
A. Jeremy Bentham criminality:
B. Cesare Beccaria A. Psychiatry
C. August Comte B. Psychology
D. Samuel Romilly C. Physical Anthropology
D. Epidemiology
57. They introduce the application of mitigating circumstances in
imposing penalties? 67. A school of thought in criminology that believe that scientific
a. Modern school methods can be used to study human behavior and explain its
b. Positive school causes.
c. Neo - classical school a. Classical
d. Classical school b. Neo-classical
c. Positivist
58. Pleasure and pain, reward and punishment are the major d. Developmental
determinants of choice.
a. Principle of punishment
b. Human rights principles 68. The term sociology was coined at first by a French philosopher
c. Principles of hedonism in 1838 in his famous book “Course De Philosophic Positive” so it
d. The principle of rationality is known as the science of society.
a. Cesare Beccaria
59. Under the utilitarian philosophy, the major theories are, b. Jeremy Bentham
except: c. August Comte
a. The law maybe hard, but it is necessary to control d. Herbert Spencer
behavior
b. Law must be efficient, economical means to prevent 69. Who applied the modern methods of the physical sciences to
crimes the social sciences that paved way for the birth of sociology?
c. Recommended the penalties must be fixed to impose 1000Stars
an amount of pain in excess of the pleasure A. Jeremy Sentham
d. Prevention was the only justifiable purpose of B. Cesare Beccana
punishment. C. August Comte
D. EARNEST HOOTON
60. He was considered as the father of Classical school of
Criminology. (DECEMBER 2017) 70. The main theories of the positivist school are, except:
a. Cesare Bonesa Marchese De Becarria a. Man is subdued occasional by a strange and morbid
b. Cesare Bonesana De Marchese Beccaria phenomenon which condition him to do wrong, contrary to his
c. Cesare Bonesana Marchese De Becarria own volition.
d. Cesar Montano Beccaria b. Basis of criminal responsibility in his dangerous state
c. Crime is morally wrong and must be given punishment
61. Which goal of criminal sentencing seeks to prevent a particular d. Crime is essentially social and moral phenomenon and
offender from engaging in repeat criminality? it cannot be treated with the imposition of punishment.
a. General deterrence
b. Just desert 71. Science offers an approach to both agreement reality and
c. Specific deterrence experiential reality. If we consider thing real because we have
d. Retribution been told they are real and everyone else seems to agree they
are real, it refers to _______
62. The following are the major theories of classical school, a. agreement reality
except: b. experiential reality
a. Man was with government and in forming a c. all of the above
government give up natural liberties in exchange for security d. nota
b. Laws of s state become means of preventing man from
encroachment with other’s freedom 72. He is considered the father of positive school of criminology.
c. Punishment is justified only if it prevents crime a. Cesare Lombroso
d. The insane and the feeble minded were incapable of b. Jeremy Bentham
freedom of action. c. Cesare Becarria
d. Charles Goring
63. He is considered as the father of face reading.
a. Johannes Kaspar Lavater 73. In Lombroso’s philosophy there are three classes of criminals,
b. Giambatista Dela Porta except:
c. Pythagoras a. Natural criminal
d. Johann Kaspar Spurzheim b. Insane criminals
c. Born criminals
d. Criminaloids

83. Classical schools differ from Positivist School on the premise
74. A person with an inclination towards crime; an occasional that classical is for definite sentence while positivist is for.
rather than habitual criminal; A. Doctrine of free will
a. Born criminal B. Indeterminate sentence
b. Insane criminal C. Death sentence
c. Criminaloids D. None of these
d. Nota
84. A doctrine which criminals where seen as distinct types of
75. A person who commits crime due to less physical stamina or humans who could be distinguished from non criminals by certain
self-control. (JUNE 2018 CLE) criminal traits.
a. Pseudo criminals A. Theory of biological inferiority
b. Insane Criminals B. Theory of national selection
c. Criminal By Passion C. Theory of differential association
d. Criminaloids D. Theory of evolution
76. The belief that criminals represent genetic “throwbacks to the 85. The purpose of penalty in the Positivist School of Criminology.
ape” or earlier, more primitive humanity. A. A. Retribution
a. Determinism B. B. Reformation
b. Atavism C. Rejection
c. Hedonism D. Restitution
d. Positivism
86. Classification of body physique by Sheldon is a group of people
77. In explanation of criminal behavior, _______ focused on the who are routinely active and aggressive, and are most likely to
brain rather than the external facial and skeletal features. commit crimes.
a. Rafaele Garofalo A. Mesomorphic C. Ectomorphic
b. Enrico ferri B. Endomorphic D. Asthenic
c. Cesare Lombroso
d. Gabriel tarde 87. Science concerned with improving the quality of offspring.
a. criminology
78. He was the first criminologist to expound the theory “crime is b. eugenics
the result of manifold causes, which although found always linked c. genetics
into an intricate network, can be detected by means of careful d. heredity
study” as sociologist, he wrote the “New Horizons in Criminal Law
and Penal Procedure” 88. JUNE 2018 CLE, The first school of Criminology in the
A. Cesare becarria Philippines
B. Lombroso A. University of Cordilleras
C. Garofalo B. Philippine College of Health and Sciences
D. Enrico Ferri C. Plaridel Education Institute
79. The following are Ferri’s classification of criminals, except: D. None of these
a. Insane
b. Occasional 89. The belief that criminal law originates in the will of the
c. Accidental majority.
d. Habitual a. Conduct norm
b. Conflict model of law
Ferri’s classification of criminalBorn or instinctive c. Consensus model
Insane d. Nota
Passional
Occasional 90. The study of crimes focused on the group of people and
Habitual society as a whole, based on the examination of the relationship
of demographic and group variables to crime.
80. JUNE 2018 Who are referred to as the HolyThree in A. Sociological Criminology
Criminology---------- B. Psychological Criminology
i. Cesare Lombroso C. Psychiatric Criminology
ii. Cesare Beccaria D. Scientific Criminology
iii. Raffaele Garofalo
iv. Enrico Ferri 91. A theory that highlighted the key influence of genetic and
v. Jeremy Bentham environmental process in giving rise to social and biological risks
A.1,2 and 3 factor that interactively predispose one to anti-social behavior.
B.1,3 and 4 a. Imitation
C.2,3 and 5 b. Aggressive model
D.3,4 and 5 c. Social push model
d. Abnormal tendencies
81. He was the first philosopher to use objective mathematical
techniques to investigate the influence of social factors, such as 92. Which of the following is/are the source/s of the criminal state
season, climate, sex, and age on the propensity to commit crime. of mind of the offender?
a. Adolphe Quetelet a. Desire for revenge
b. Andre Michael Guerry b. Emotional or psychological disorder
c. Gabriel Tarde c. Desire for financial or monetary gain
d. Enrico Ferri d. Desire for acceptance with in a peer group subculture
e. All of these
82. He discovered the tendency of crimes against persons to
increase in summer and property crimes to predominate in winter. 93. Their psychic conditions resembles that of a normal individual
a. Michael Andre Guerry except that they identify themselves with criminal prototypes.
b. Enrico Ferri a. Ordinary criminals
c. Rafaele Garofalo b. Normal criminals
d. Adolphe Quetelet c. Situational criminals
d. Accidental criminals

94. Semiprofessionals criminals who are generally unsuccessful at b. Acquisitive
their trades of larceny and burglary. c. Irrational
a. Professional criminal d. Rational
b. Situational criminal
c. Career criminal 105. a stage in the commission of an offense where in the
d. Conventional criminal offender commences the commission of a crime directly by overt
acts and does not perform all the acts of execution which should
95. They involve illegal activities whose acknowledged purpose is produce the felony by reason of some cause or accident other
profit through illegitimate business enterprise. than his own spontaneous desistance.
a. Organized crime group a. Consummated
b. Organized criminals b. Frustrated
c. Professional criminals c. Attempted
d. Passive-inadequate criminals d. Crime
96. it occurs when killings take place at two or more locations with 106. it is when a single act constitutes two or more grave or less
almost no time break between murders. grave felonies, or when an offense is a necessary means for
a. Serial murder committing the other.
b. Spree murder a. Delito complejo
c. Mass murder b. Delito compuesto
d. Professional crimes c. Composite crime
d. Complex crime
97. Killers who kill out for profit or want to protect themselves e. Compound crime
from a perceived threat.
a. Mission killers 107. Kardo fired a shot with intent to kill towards Narda but the
b. Thrill killers latter was not hit. Ding who was behind Narda was hit instead
c. Expedience killers and suffer an injury that lasts for almost a week. Kardo committed
d. Visionary what type of crime?
a. Complex crime
98. A type of serial killer who believes that a person or entity is b. Compound crime
commanding him to kill. Most likely suffering from psychosis. c. A or b
a. Visionary d. Nota
b. Mission-oriented
c. Hedonistic 108. A type of criminal who, at the time his trial for one crime,
d. Power/control shall have been previously convicted by the final judgement of
another crime under the same title of the revised penal code.
99. it is sometimes referred to as crimes without victims or a. Recidivist criminal
legislated morality, refers to a number of activities that are illegal b. Occasional criminal
because they offend public morality. c. Habitual criminal
a. Occupational crimes d. Active criminal
b. Organizational crime
c. Political crime 109. One who has a lifelong involvement in crime.
d. Public order crime a. Conventional criminals
b. Professional criminals
100. Crimes committed by persons who usually occupy key c. Situational criminals
positions, maintains prestige and high social are referred to as d. Career criminals
________.
A. Blue collar crimes 110. One who is not actually acquainted with his victim, he selects
B. Economic crimes victim at random
C. Organized crimes A. Opportunistic offender
D. White collar crimes B. Targeted offender
C. Neurotic offender
101. A classification of crime committed by a person belonging to D. Psychotic offender
the upper socio-academic class in the course of his occupational
activities such as insurance fraud, medical malpractice and 111. Crimes committed by an individual for his or her own benefit,
falsification of documents in the course of performing a profession.
a. Blue-collar crime a. Transnational crime
b. White-collar crime b. International crime
c. Executive crime c. International crime
d. Green crime d. Occupational crime
e. Domestic crime
102. December 2018 CLE, Any crime committed by individual from
a lower social class of society. 112. a criminal act or transaction violating the laws of more than
A. White-Collar crime = upper socio-economic status one country or having an impact on a foreign country.
B. Blue-collar crime =ordinary criminals a. Domestic crime
C. Political crime b. International crime
D. None of these c. Transnational crime
d. Occupational crime
103. A crime attributed to a corporation but perpetrated by or on
the authority of an officer or high managerial agent. 113. It is used as a means of explaining the greater prevalence of
a. International crimes violent crime among low-income minorities from slum
b. Transnational crimes environments of large cities.
c. Corporate crimes a. Culturally violent offenders
d. Occupational crimes b. Subculture of violence
c. Criminality violent offenders
104. DECEMBER 2021, What crime is committed when a person d. Pathologically violent offenders
does not know the nature and quality of his act on account of the
disease of his mind? *1000stars 114. They commit acts of violence on rare occasions, often under
a. Extinctive provocation, such as in domestic disputes that get out of hand.

a. Culturally violent offenders 125. An aggression that begins with competition or desire for
b. Situational violent offenders some object or status possessed by another person like jewelry,
c. Criminally violent offenders money, territory, love.
d. Pathologically violent offenders a. Hostile aggression
b. Instrumental aggression
115. it refers to criminal activity which committed for ideological c. Depress aggression
purpose. d. Covert aggression
a. Terrorism
b. Organizational crime Instrumental aggression is usually a factor in robbery, theft, and
c. Political crime various “white-collar crimes”.
d. Organized crime
126. A type of aggression usually involves direct confrontation
116. They were described as one who approaches crime in a with victims and administration of physical harm or threats of
business like manner, expecting to earn his or her living from it. physical harm.
a. Professional criminals a. Overt aggression
b. Situational criminals b. Hostile aggression
c. Habitual criminals c. Instrumental aggression
d. Accidental criminals d. Covert aggression
117. It is a criminal offense that is committed for the purpose of 127. This occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions such as
material or financial gain. a real or perceived insults, physical attacks or ones’ own failure.
a. Destructive crime a. Induced aggression
b. Acquisitive crime b. Controlled aggression
c. Instinctive crime c. Hostile aggression
d. Crime Mala In Se d. Hidden aggression
118. They are individuals who use violence as a means of 128. It is a comprehensive, integrative, framework for
accomplishing a criminal act, such as robbery. understanding aggression.
a. Culturally violent offenders a. General deterrence model
b. Subculture violence b. General violence model
c. Criminally violent offenders c. General aggression model
d. Pathologically violent criminals d. I3 theory
119. it involves four or more victims in one location during a 129. . it is a type of norm which have been written down and
period of time that lasts anywhere from a few minutes to several involve strict rules for punishment of violators.
hours. a. Formal
a. Serial murder b. Informal
b. Spree murder c. Material
c. Mass murder d. IMMATERIAL
d. Genocide
130. Norms that regulate the daily lives of people and that reflect
120. It is the product of a systematic process involving complex the attitudes of the groups to which they belong.
interactions between ecological, micro-level and macro-level a. Formal
factors that occur over the life course. b. Informal
a. Crime c. Conduct norms
b. Criminal behavior d. Social norms
c. Abnormal behavior
d. Criminality 131. Perceived standards of acceptable behavior prevalent among
members of a society.
121. It is a behavior perpetrated or attempt with the intention of a. Conduct norms
harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically or b. Social norms
to destroy an object. c. Informal norms
a. Violence d. Formal norms
b. Anger
c. Aggression 132. A concept that holds that offender commits less crime as
d. Emotion they get older because they have less strength, initiative, stamina,
and mobility.
122. It is an act of physical force that causes or is intended to a. Behavioral modelling
cause harm b. Aging out phenomenon
a. Violence c. Biocriminology
b. Anger d. Spontaneous recission
c. Aggression
d. Frustration
133. Rape is derived from the Latin word “Rapere” which
123. A type of aggression is shown as anger expression, temper means____ ”, often perceived primarily as a sexually-motivated
tantrums, and vengeful hostility and more generally “hot-blooded” act
aggressive acts. a. To compel
a. Pro-active aggression b. To force by taking
b. Reactive aggression c. To take by force
c. Instrumental aggression d. Nota
d. Cover t aggression
134. An offender misinterprets a woman expression of friendliness
124. It is an arousal state elicited by certain stimuli, particularly and affection as indicating that the female desires coitus even
those evoking attack or frustration. when she says no.
a. Violence a. Naive Graspers
b. Anger b. Meaning Stretchers
c. Aggression c. Sex Looters
d. Depression d. Group Conformers

141. Of the following, what is not a premise of feminist theory
135. Refers to the adverse psychological impact that rape victims a. evaluates women’s experiences from a woman’s
continue to suffer long after the incident. It includes sexual perspective or point of view
anxiety, a pervasive fear of violence and avoidance of b. enhances our understanding of the social world from a
relationships with opposite sex, problems in interpersonal gender-focused viewpoint
relationships, and a general feeling of unhappiness. Thus, mental c. examines women’s experiences in society
scars often remain long after the incident has occurred. d. girls are controlled more closely than boys in traditional
a. Rape impact syndrome male-dominated households.
b. Rape syndrome
c. Traumatic rape syndrome 142. The targeting of high-risk and recidivistic offenders for
d. Rape trauma syndrome rigorous prosecution and incarceration.
a. Selective incapacitation
136. What is the doctrine that requires a process of resolving b. Selective incarceration
conflicts with the maximum involvement of the victim, the c. Selective imprisonment
offender and the community? (JUNE 2018 CLE) d. Selective punishment
a. Restorative Justice
b. Miranda Doctrine 143. Ramon is imprisoned to prevent him from committing
c. Justice another crime is a goal of punishment called.
d. None of these A. Retribution
B. Incapacitation
137. Who advocated The Hierarchy of Needs? (JUNE 2018 CLE) C. Deterrence
a. Alexander the great D. Rehabilitation
b. Abraham Maslow JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT
c. David Emile Durkheim 1. Retribution
d. None of these 2. Expiation or Atonement
3. Deterrence
138. When a girls see her mother as rival for her father, this 4. Incapacitation and Protection
complex is refers to? (JUNE 2018 CLE) 5. Reformation or Rehabilitation
a. Oedipus Complex
b. Electra Complex 144. The Differential Association Theory provides a good
c. Mother-daughter-rival-Conflict illustration of a social learning approach perspective in
d. None of these Criminology Criminal behavior according to this theory is:
Stages of Psychosexual Development a. result of an emotional disturbance
Stage 1: Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months) b. An inmate quality of goodness or badness
Stage 2: Anal Stage (18 Months to 3 Years) c. An excess of wisdom
Stage 3: Phallic Stage (3 to 6 Years) d. Learned and not inherited
This stage is mainly characterized by a child’s focus on sexual
interests, stimulation, and excitement in relation to genital area. 145. Who is the chairman of the Committee created by
It lays down the foundation of one’s gender identity. The pattens Administrative Order No. 94 of the DOJ, dated Oct. 18, 1927.
of identification arising from the phallic stage primarily determine a. Alex Reyes
the development of human character. (McLeod, 2008) b. Maraiano De Joya
A. Oedipus Complex (mommy’s boy) c. Anacleto Diaz
Oedipus refers to a 5th-century BC Greek mythological d. Nota
character Oedipus, who unwittingly kills his father, Laius, and
marries his mother, Jocasta Development of criminal law in Philippines
Stage 4: Latency Stage (5 or 6 years to puberty) Codigo Penal de España
Stage 5: Genital Stage (puberty to adulthood) by virtue of a Royal Decree of the King Spain, dated December
17, 1886 and took effect on July 17, 1887.
139. An explanation of crime as learned behavior. Individuals are Revised Penal Code (Act. 3815)
thought to emulate behavior patterns of others with whom they Revised by committee created by A.O No. 94 of DOJ - composed
have contact. of Anacleto Diaz (chairman), Alex Reyes & Mariano de Joya
a. Behavioral modelling (members)
b. Social reaction theory Approved on December 8, 1930, took effect on January 1, 1932
c. Laws of imitation
d. Social bond theory 146. the belief that the observation of media violence serves as
TARDE’S LAW OF IMITATION: an emotional release and lessens violence.
1) the law of close contact; a. Catharsis hypothesis
2) the law of imitation of superiors by inferiors; and b. Stress release hypothesis
3) the law of insertion (where new behaviors either reinforce or c. All of the above
replace customary ones). d. Nota
140. A criminological perspective that studies the relationships 147. Crimes in which criminals imitate crimes that were previously
between economic disparity and crime, avers that crime is the publicized.
result of a struggle between owners of capital and workers for the a. Theory of imitation
distribution of power and resources, and posits that crime will b. Suggesto imitation
disappear only when capitalism is abolished. c. Copycat crime
a. Radical criminology d. All of the above
b. Comparative criminology
c. Environmental criminology 148. Consists of a variety of perspectives that challenge basic
d. Economic criminology assumptions of mainstream criminology.
a. Radical criminology
Comparative criminology b. Comparative criminology
is the study of crime across cultures to identify similarities and c. Critical criminology
differences in crime patterns and structure to find more effective d. Environmental criminology
solutions to crime (Schram, 2017). Comparative criminologists
doesn’t just compare other cultures’ crimes for data, but include 149. School of thought that posits that crime is caused by
their justice systems and social values in the mix. environmental or geographic forces.
a. Ecological school

b. Feminist criminology 160. This refers to crimes committed by groups, such as
c. Human ecology motorcycle gangs and some adolescent gangs, whose major goals
d. Interactionist model are psychological gratification.
a. Mercenary organized crime
150. It is a branch in criminology which opposes the theoretical b. In - Group Oriented Crime Organized Crime
perspective and purposes the involvement of all stakeholders in c. Syndicated Crime
the use of non-violent solutions. d. Public Order Crime
a. Masculinity
b. Peacemaking Criminology 161. It refers to the amount of time that an individual spends
c. Social Bond pursuing conventional, or noncriminal activities.
d. Utilitarianism a. Attachment
151. The study of the interrelationship between human organisms b. Commitment
between organisms and the physical environment. c. Involvement
a. Ecological school d. Belief
b. Feminist criminology
c. Human ecology 162. it includes poor relationship with parents, no goals for the
d. Interactionist model future, participates in very few extracurricular activities.
152. A distinctive belief system. a. social control theory
a. Religion b. social learning theory
b. Ideology c. social process theory
c. Norm d. biopsychosocial
d. Culture
153. Says that crime is defined by abstract meanings and symbols 163. He believed that feeblemindedness was caused by the
and is a label assigned by society. transmission of a single recessive gene.
a. Behavioral model a. Richard Dugdale
b. Consensus model b. Calvin Goddard
c. Behavioral modelling c. Charles Buckman Goring
d. Interactionist model d. Isaac Ray
Interactionist View:
(1) MORAL ENTREPRENEURS DEFINE CRIME. 164. It is a branch of psychiatry based on the theories of Sigmund
(2). CRIMES ARE ILLEGAL BECAUSE SOCIETY DEFINES THEM Freud that employs a particular personality theory and a particular
THAT WAY. method of treatment, usually individual case study.
(3) CRIMINAL LABELS ARE LIFE TRANSFORMING EVENTS. a. Psychoanalysis
b. Psychiatry
154. Codified rules that are more serious norms and contain c. All of these
sanctions. d. Psychology
a. Tradition
b. Regulations 165. JUNE 2018 CLE, Moral aspect of personality also known as
c. Laws the conscience.
d. Common law a. ID
b. EGO
155. People who will commit crime if given an opportunity. c. SUPER EGO
a. Motivated offenders d. Sub-conscious
b. Chronic offender
c. Habitual delinquent 166 Are violent acts directed toward a particular person or
d. Recidivist members of group merely because the targets share discernable
racial, ethnic, religious or gender characteristics
156. It is a crime inspired by an earlier, media-publicized or a. Hate crimes
generator crime – that is, there must be a pair of crimes linked b. Bias crimes
through media. c. Racism
a. White collar crime d. terrorism
b. Organized crime e. A or b
c. Consensual crime
d. Copycat crime 167. It includes a positive self-concept, tolerance for frustration,
and the ability to set realistic goals.
157. He is physician who evaluates the competence of defendants a. Inner containments
to stand trial. b. Outer containments
a. Immunologist c. Inner pushes
b. Nephrologist d. Outer pressures
c. Podiatrist
d. Alienist 168. They are individuals who live in subculture in which violence
is an acceptable problem mechanism.
158. major premise of this view is that crime is a function of a. Culturally violent offenders
relative deprivation, and criminals b. Subculture violence
prey on the poor. c. Criminally violent offenders
a. Radical d. Pathologically violent criminals
b. Interactionist
c. Left realism 169. It refers to the degree of link to which an individual care
d. Nota about the opinions and feelings of the others.
a. Attachment
159. it is the scientific study of the causes of crime in relation to b. Belief
man and society who set and define rules. c. Involvement
a. Psychology d. Commitment
b. Jurisprudence
c. Criminology 170. As defined by Wolfgang, Robert Figlio, and Thorsten Sellin,
d. Victimology they are delinquents that were arrested five or more times before
the age of 18 who commit s disproportionate amount of all
criminal offenses.

a. Acute criminal a. CONVENTIONAL CRIME
b. Chronic criminal b. NON-CONVENTIONAL CRIME
c. Ordinary criminal c. ensational crime
d. Habitual criminal d. occupational crime
171. It is when the offender performs all the acts of execution
which would produce the felony as a consequence but which, 179. May be organized crime, white-collar crime, political crime.
nevertheless do not produce it by reason of causes independent a. CONVENTIONAL CRIME
of the will of the perpetrator It is when the offender performs. b. NON-CONVENTIONAL CRIME
a. Attempted felony c. ensational crime
b. Consummated felony d. occupational crime
c. Frustrated felony
d. Impossible crime 180. Violations of these canons of Code of ethics and professional
responsibility of Criminologist which is considered as grave, shall
172. It is the study of the psychological effects experienced by be the termination as member in good standing of the criminology
the victims of crime profession, except
a. Criminology a. Canon 9
b. Victim facilitation b. Canon 10
c. Victimology c. Canon 11
d. Victim precipitation d. Canon 12
173. it is that branch of public law which defines crimes, treats of 181. For violation of these Canons, the sanction shall be
their nature and provides for their punishment. suspension.
a. Criminal law a. Grave
b. Criminal procedure b. Less grave
c. Procedural law c. Minor
d. Substantive law d. Light
SUBSTANTIVE - defines the elements that are necessary for an 182. For violation of canons which is considered as minor, the
act to constitute as a crime and therefore punishable. penalty shall be
PROCEDURAL - refers to a statute that provides procedures a. Suspension
appropriate for the enforcement of the Substantive Criminal Law. b. Admonition
c. Disqualification
174. it is a test measured the capacity of individual children to d. I.R
perform tasks or solve problems in relation to the average
capacity of their peers. Code of ethics and professional responsibility
a. Emotional intelligence test Canon 1. Primary Responsibility
b. Intelligence test Canon 2. The Criminology Profession
c. Diagnostic test Canon 3. Attitude Towards The Profession
d. Brain fingerprinting Canon 4. Attitude Towards Fellow Criminologists
Canon 5. Private Conduct
175. The major prolific and articulate proponent of “Just Dessert” Canon 6. Conduct Towards The Public
has been_________, starting with his book 1976 book entitled Canon 7. Limitation Of Authority
Doing Justice: The Choice of Punishments. Canon 8. Practice Of Profession
Edwin Sutherland Canon 9. Malpractice Of The Profession
a. Andrew Von Hirsch Canon 10. Decorum
b. Philippe Pinel Canon 11. Continuing Professional Development
c. Isaac Ray Canon 12. Law Enforcement Code Of Ethics And Other Code
d. Earnest Hooton Canon 13. Sanctions And Penalties
Canon 14. Observance Of Due Process
176. Members of society must be interested in crime because
almost all members of the society are once or common victims of 183. Contemporary criminology includes categorizing criminal’s
crime. motives whether they are
a. Crime Is Reflective _________
b. Crime Is Progressive A. expressive or impressive
c. Crime Is Pervasive B. instrumental and experimental
d. Crime Is Expensive C. expressive or instrumental
D. experimental or motivational
Why Must Members of Society Be Interested in Crime? 184. A criminal motivation which means the person has more
Crime Is Pervasive , Crime Is Expensive , Crime Is Destructive , incentive, outside the act for committing a crime. There is a
Crime Is Reflective , Crime Is Progressive tangible benefit.
A. Expressive
177. Robbers to steal to obtain small amount of money when an B. Instrumental
accessible target presents itself. C. Experimental
a. Professional Robbers D. Sentimental
b. Opportunist Robbers
c. Amateur robbers 185. The third phase of criminology which saw that this field of
d. Ordinary robbers study pulling away from the larger disciplines of sociology and
Types of robbers psychology and standing on its own as a separate social science.
Professional Robbers - Are robbers who have long-term A. Contemporary criminology
commitment to crime as a source of livelihood B. Independent criminology
Opportunist Robbers - Robbers to steal to obtain small amount C. Peacemaking criminology
of money when an accessible target presents itself D. Anarchist criminology
Addict Robbers - Robbers who steal to support drug habits
Alcoholic Robbers - Robbers who steal for reasons related to The evolution toward an independent criminology freed the
their excessive consumption of alcohol. discipline from the dominance of sociology. A number of
universities began to offer it as undergraduate and graduate
178. Crime that is committed by semiprofessional criminals as a programs and professional associations and journals became
way of life widespread.

PEACEMAKING CRIMINOLOGY
Is a non-violent movement against oppression, social injustice 193. An effect that occurs when crime control efforts targeting a
and violence as found within criminology, criminal justice and particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and
society in general. With its emphasis on inter-personal, intra- population-
personal and spiritual integration, it is well connected to the a. DISCOURAGEMENT
emerging perspective of positive criminology. b. DISPLACEMENT
According to Conklin, "[peacemaking criminology] regards c. EXTINCTION
crime as the product of a social structure that puts some groups d. REPLACEMENT
at a disadvantage, sets people against one another, and
generates a desire for revenge."[1] 194. An effect that occurs when crime control efforts simply move,
emerged from work in anarchist criminology, which applies or redirect offenders to less heavily guarded alternative targets.
anarchist principles to criminological inquiry. a. DISCOURAGEMENT
ANARCHIST CRIMINOLOGY b. DISPLACEMENT
is a school of thought in criminology that draws on influences and c. EXTINCTION
insights from anarchist theory and practice. d. REPLACEMENT
anarchist theorists including Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Peter 195. An effect that occurs when a crime reduction programs
Kropotkin, anarchist criminologists' approach to the causes of produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits dissipate as
crime emphasizes what they argue are the harmful effects of the criminals adjust to new conditions
state. a. DISCOURAGEMENT
b. DISPLACEMENT
186. This includes people using the instrument of modern c. EXTINCTION
technology for criminal purposes d. REPLACEMENT
a. Cybercrime
b. Internet crimes 196. An effect that occurs when criminals try new offenses they
c. Computer crimes had previously avoided because situation crime prevention
d. Nota programs neutralized their crime of choice
a. DISCOURAGEMENT
187. These are acts considered illegal because they conflict with b. DISPLACEMENT
social policy, accepted moral rules and public opinion. c. EXTINCTION
a. Crime mala in se d. REPLACEMENT
b. Crime mala prohibita 197. Participation in conventional "lines of activity”
c. Public order crime a. Involvement
d. All b. Attachment
c. Commitment
189. Considered as the aristocrats of the prostitution d. Belief
a. Street walker 198. Staked in conformity; investment in pro-social, conventional
b. Bar girls lines of action; careers, education, etc.
c. Call girls a. Involvement
d. Circuit travelers b. Attachment
c. Commitment
Street walker - Those who work the streets in plane sights of d. Belief
the police, citizens and customers. They are referred as hustlers,
hookers. II. THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION
Bar girls - Those who spend their time in bars, drinking and 1. A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain
waiting to be picked up by customers. something, especially one based on general principles
Brothel prostitutes - Those who were called bordellos, cat houses, independent of the thing to be explained.
sporting houses and houses of ill-repute. a. Theory
Call girls - “aristocrats of prostitution”. They gain clients thru b. Concept
employment in escort services and others develop independent c. Principle
customer list. d. Nota
Circuit travelers - Those who move around in groups of two or e. nota
three to lumber labor and agricultural camps. They asked the 2. Theory Derived from the Greek word “theoria” which
foreman for permission to ply their trade, service the whole crew means_________
in an evening and then move on. a. Ideas
Skeezers - Those who have substance abuse problems and their b. Contemplation
prostitution is committed to support their drug habits. c. Speculation
Men who solicit sex workers -JOHN d. B or c
e. All of the above
190. Crimes which are serious in nature and which occur with 3. It is a statement that explains the relationship between abstract
sufficient frequency and regularity such that they can serve as an concept in a meaningful way.
index to the crime situation. a. Theory
a. Sensational crime b. Concept
b. Index crime c. Principle
c. Non – index crime d. Construct
d. Nota e. nota
4. Defined as the systematic set of interrelated statements of
191. It is the most essential part of the definition of the criminal principles that explain aspects of social life.
law: a. Theory
a. elements b. Concept
b. penalty c. Construct
c. degree of evidence d. Social theory
d. motive
THE COMPONENTS OF THEORY ARE CONCEPTS (IDEALLY WELL-
192. The "hub" of transnational crime DEFINED) AND PRINCIPLES.
a. Trafficking
b. Cyberterrorism 5. It is a representation of an actual thing for example tree, chair,
c. Terrorism computer etc.
d. Money laundering a. Theory

b. Concept d. Nota
c. Construct
d. Social theory ABDUCTIVE REASONING
Incomplete Observation Best Prediction (may be
6. It is the word for concepts with no physical referent for example true)
democracy, learning, freedom etc. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
a. Theory General rule specific conclusion (may be
b. Concept true)
c. Construct INDUCTIVE REASONING
d. Social theory Specific Observation general conclusion (may
be true)
7. It argue that crime is produced by one factor, which may be
biological, sociological or pyschological 13. What is means of "R" in the criminal formula by Abrahamsen?
a. unitary theory A. Total Situation
b. multiple factor theory B. Criminal Tendency
c. eclectic theory C. Temperament
d. classical theory D. none of these
Single or Unitary theory - Contends that crime is produced by 14. His contribution to classical school of criminology is the
one factor. It may be biological, psychological or sociological concept of the utilitarianism and the felicific calculus.
Multiple Factor Theory: - Crime is not a product of single cause a. Cesare Beccaria
or factor but a combination of several factors. Some factors are b. Jeremy Bentham
playing a major role while the others are playing a minor role. c. August Comte
Eclectic Theory theory - Crime in one instance may be caused d. Cesare Lombroso
by one or more factors while in other instances, it is caused by
another set of factors. 15. This theory holds that free will is important but also that
Integrated theory - Combines two or more theories to generate sometimes it can be constrained by physical and environmental
a single model or framework factors.
a. Demonological theory
8. Crime in one instance may be caused by one or more factor, b. Classical theory
while in other instances it is caused by another set of factors. c. Neoclassical theory
A. Biological factors d. Positivism
B. Multiple factor
C. Eclectic factor 16. Its emphasis is on the deterministic causes of crime suggests
D. Single or unitary factor that people are passive and controlled. It further indicates that
criminal behavior is imposed on people by biological and
9. A stage of development of theory where one attempts to environmental conditions.
explain what is happening. a. Demonological theory
a. Speculative b. Classical school
b. Descriptive c. Neoclassical
c. Constructive d. Positivist school
d. Retroductive
17. He is known for the concept of atavistic stigmata.
3 STAGES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT a. Cesare Beccaria
Speculative - Attempts to explain what is happening b. Jeremy Bentham
Descriptive - Gathers descriptive data to describe what is really c. August Comte
happening d. Cesare Lombroso
Constructive - Revises old theories and develops new ones
based on continuing research 18. What are the classes of criminals according to Cesare
(3) kinds of reasoning (Thompson, 2006) Lombroso?
Inductive Reasoning (evaluates theory) a. Born criminals
Example : Every snake that has been tested has liver. Therefore, b. Insane criminals
every snake has liver c. Criminaloids
Deductive Reasoning (explicates theory) d. All of the above
Example : Every reptile has a liver. Snakes are reptiles. Therefore
every snake has a liver. 19. He believed criminals could not be held morally responsible
Abductive Reasoning also known as Retroductive reasoning because they did not choose to commit crimes but, rather, were
(devises theory) driven to commit them by conditions of their lives.
a. Rafaelle Garofalo
10. It is criticized for the lack of clarity in terms of how to collect b. Cesare Beccaria
a theory to be tested via formulating hypothesis. c. Cesare Lombroso
a. Inductive Reasoning d. Enrico ferri
b. Deductive Reasoning
c. Abductive Reasoning 20. This Austrian physician is the one who study phrenology and
d. Nota thought that there are three major regions of the brain.
a. Franz Joseph Gall
11. It is criticized because no amount of empirical data will b. Johanne Spurzheim
necessarily enable theory-building c. Giambatista Dela Porta
a. Inductive Reasoning d. Johannes Lavater
b. Deductive Reasoning
c. Abductive Reasoning 21. One of the approaches of biological theory built upon
d. Nota evolutionary principles and was the first to apply scientific
techniques to the study of crimes and criminals.
12. As a third alternative, overcomes the weaknesses of abductive a. Body chemistry
and deductive reasoning via adopting a pragmatist perspective b. Early positivism
a. Inductive Reasoning c. Atavism
b. Deductive Reasoning d. Phrenology
c. Abductive Reasoning

22. What is the meaning of atavism? b. Behavior theory
a. Thinking in the future c. Differential association theory
b. Throwbacks to an earlier stage of evolution d. Psychological theory
c. Normlessness Reward dominance theory
d. Lack of empathy to other Behavioral Activating System (BAS)
Is associated with the neurotransmitter dopamine and with
23. It is the systematic study of the biological basis of all behavior pleasure areas in the brain
and as a branch of evolutionary biology and particularly of modern Insensitive to reward and can be likened to an accelerator
population biology. motivating a person to seek rewarding stimuli
a. Tribalism Motivates us to seek whatever affords us pleasure.
b. Sociobiology Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
c. ADHD -attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Is associated with serotonin and with brain structures that govern
d. Psychosocial memory
Is sensitive to threats of punishment and can be likened to a brake
24. It is a condition characterized by low blood sugar. that stops a person from going too far or too fast.
a. XYY chromosomes Tells us when we have had enough for own good
b. Heredity Flight/Fight System (FPS) – chemically controlled by
c. Hypoglycemia epinephrine or adrenaline. It is a part of ANS that pumps out
d. Sociobiology epinephrine to mobilize the body for vigorous action in response
to threats.
25. It is considered as one of the earliest biological explanations 31. It investigates human behavior in complement with genetics
of crime which concerned in the size and shape of the skull as the to determine what make people the same.
cause of criminal behavior. a. Evolutionary psychology
a. Cranioscopy b. Biosociology
b. Physiology c. Sociobiology
c. Physiognomy d. Psychology
d. Phrenology
26. it is the classification of human beings into types according to 32. In general, it is not a theory but a category that covers many
body built and other physical characteristics. perspectives regarding the interaction between biological and
a. Endomorph social factors as they relate to crime.
b. Dysplastic a. Sociobiology
c. Cycloids b. Evolutionary psychology
d. Somatotyping c. Genetics
d. Biosocial theory
27. it is characterized as muscular and strong, with broad
shoulders, a well-developed chest, and narrow waist. 33. The study of the relative contribution of heredity and
a. Asthenic environment to behavior and personality is called ______
b. Athletic a. Behavior genetics
c. Pyknic b. Molecular genetics
d. Dysplastic c. Neuroscience
d. Evolutionary psychology
28. He studied the descendants of Martin Kallikak from the two
different women and observed the incidence rates of mental 34. A neurological theory that proposes that behavior is regulated
retardation and other abnormalities between the two families. by two opposing mechanisms, behavior activating system and
a. Henry Goddard behavior inhibition system.
b. Richard Dugdale a. Biological theory
c. Calvin Goddard b. Biosocial theory
d. Richard Marx c. Reward dominance theory
d. Molecular genetics – like DNA. We all have differences.
29. It involves the commonsense notion that people are Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an enzyme that breaks down
differentially sensitive to identical environmental influences and important neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and
will thus respond in different ways to them. serotonin; low levels of serotonin have been associated with
a. Gene-environment interaction impulsive and aggressive behaviour.
b. Gene environment correlation Serotonin
c. Passive correlation Dopamine
d. Active correlation
35, It is sensitive to reward and can be likened to an accelerator
Behavior genetics is a branch of genetics that studies the relative motivating a person to seek rewarding stimuli.
contributions of heredity and environment to behavioral and a. Motive
personality characteristics b. Behavioral inhibition system
Gene - Environment Interaction (GXE) c. Behavioral activating system
Involves the commonsense notion that people are differently d. Neuroscience
sensitive to identical environmental influences and will thus
respond in different ways to them. 36. It is the study of the human nervous system, how the nervous
Gene – Environment Correlation (RGE) system work, how it is structured and how it develops.
is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions a. Biology
depends on an individual’s genotype. b. Neuroscience
EVOCATIVE – refers to the way others react to the individual on c. Psychology
the basis of his or her behavior d. Psychiatry
ACTIVE – seeking of environments compatible with our genetic NEUROSCIENCE
dispositions Sometimes referred to as Neural Science, is the study of the
PASSIVE - refers to the association between the genotype a child human nervous system, how the nervous system works, how it is
inherits from her parents and the environment in which the child structured and how it develops.
is raised. THREE MAIN GOALS OF NEUROSCIENCE
1. Understand the human brain and how it functions;
30. This theory supports that behavior is regulated by behavioral 2. Understand and describe how the central nervous
activating inhibition systems that are two opposing mechanisms. system develops, matures and maintain itself;
a. Reward dominance theory

3. Analyze and understand neurological and psychiatric -Represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality and is
disorders and discovers methods to prevent or cure them guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles.
37. This part of the brain, sits in the area just above the eyes and -It has two subsystems, the conscience and ego-ideal
is responsible for a number of human attributes such as making feeling of inferiority arises when the ego is unable to meet the
moral judgments, planning, analyzing, synthesizing and superego’s standard of perfection
modulating emotions. Conscience – results from the experience with punishment for
a. Cortex medulla improper behavior and tells us what we should not do.
b. Spinal column Ego-ideal – develops from experiences with reward for proper
c. Prefrontal cortex behavior and tells us what we should do.
d. RGE -Guilt is the result when the ego acts, or even intends to act,
PREFRONTAL DYSFUNCTION THEORY contrary to the moral standards of the superego
The PFC provides us knowledge about how other feeling of inferiority arises when the ego is unable to meet the
people see and think about us, thus moving us to adjust our superego’s standard of perfection
behavior to consider their needs, concerns and expectations of -Guilt is functioning the conscience, whereas inferiority feeling
us. stemmed from the ego-ideal.
This PFC functions are collectively referred to as
executive functions and are clearly involved in pro-social behavior. 40. He explains that antisocial behavior may be a direct or indirect
If this functions are compromised in some way via damage to the manifestation of a distorted erotic drive
PFC, the results is often anti-social behavior. (Tibbets and a. Hervey Cleckley
Hemmens, 2014) b. Albert Bandura
c. David Abrahamsen
38. The psychological determinants of the deviant or criminal d. Hans Eysenck
behavior may be express in terms of the following, except_____.
a. Manipulative personality characteristics 41. Due to good academic performance of his son, MR. Kardo is
b. Poor impulse control no longer requiring his son to fetch water every 7:30 in the
c. Emotional provocation evening. He is hoping that by this way his son can sustain or even
d. Matured personality surpass his previous ratings in his classes. This is a form of _____
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME a. Positive punishments
Are those derived from the behavioral sciences and which focus b. Negative punishments
on the individual as the unit of analysis. They place the locus of c. Positive rewards
crime causation within the personality of the individual offender. d. Negative rewards
Psychological theories can be divided into three categories:
1. Moral Development Theories - this development 42. This refers generally to theories of individual psychology that
process may or may not be completed, and people who remain investigate how moral reasoning emerges in the individual and
unable to recognized right from wrong will be more likely to develops as the individual matures.
engage in inappropriate, deviant, or even criminal behavior. a. Moral development theory
2. Social Learning Theories – emphasize the process of b. Behavioral theory
learning and internalizing moral codes. Learning theories note c. Cognitive theory
different patterns of rewards and sanctions that affect this d. Nota
process.
3. Personality Theories. These theories propose that 43. Narda failed to pay her tuition fees because the money
certain predisposition or personality traits such as impulsiveness intended for it was used for extravagant lifestyle. She was afraid
or extroversion, increase the chances of criminal behavior. to tell the truth to her parents, so she decided to take the
Cognitive approach – this approach refers to the attitudes, beliefs, allowance of his board mate by destroying the lock of her cabinet.
values and thought that people hold about the social environment, However, when the money amounting to 7,000 pesos were
interrelation, human nature and themselves. already on her hands, she hesitated and change her mind. She
Biological / neurological approach – often focuses on aggression thought that if she would be caught, she has to face charges and
and violent behavior might be incarcerated. In this situation, Narda realize that what
Developmental approach – examines the changes and influences she would do is against the law and unfair to her board mate. This
across a person’s lifetime that may contribute to the formation of signifies that….
anti-social and criminal behavior. a. Narda has a strong id and weak ego
b. Narda had a strong ego and with superego
39. This is considered to be the sensible and responsible part of c. Narda has strong ego but without superego
an individual’s personality. d. Narda has weak id and strong ego
a. Id
b. Ego 44. A person with personality disorder, specially one manifested
c. Super ego in aggressively antisocial behavior, which is often said to be the
d. Alter ego result of a poorly developed superego.
Psychoanalytic theory a. Psychotic
Id (Instinctual Drive) b. Psychopath or sociopath
-Core of personality c. Neurotic
-Its sole function is to seek pleasure and operates base on the d. Mentally retarded
pleasure principles
-Is the primitive part of the persons mental make up, which is 45. A person who committed an offense with weak ego depicts
present at birth and represents unconscious biological drives for the following, except one.
foods, sex and other life-sustaining necessities. (Butcher, Mineka a. Immature
and Hooley 2011) b. With poorly developed social skills
Ego c. Poor reality testing
-The gateway to action d. Has the ability to discern the situation
-Is the region of the mind in contact with reality.
-It is governed by the reality principles. 46. Which of the following is indicative that Kardo is a sociopath?
-As the soul region of the mind in contact with external world, the a. Ability to feel guilt
ego becomes the decision-making or executive branch of b. Ability to learn from experience
personality. c. Superficial charm
--Guilt is the result when the ego acts, or even intends to act, d. Reliable
contrary to the moral standards of the superego CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PSYCHOPATHIC
Superego PERSONALITY
-Absence of delusions, hallucinations or other signs of psychosis

-the inability to feel guilt or shame 54. A child becomes intensely distress and anxious by separation,
-unreliability and in new environments, they often cling anxiously to their
-chronic lying parents without much exploration.
-superficial charm a. Attachment theory
-above-average intelligence b. Anxious-ambivalent attachment
-ongoing antisocial behavior c. avoidant attachment
-inability to learn from experience d. all of the above
-self-centeredness
ANTISOCIAL OR ASOCIAL PERSONALITY 55. Individual reasoning processes influence behavior. Reasoning
-unsocialized is influenced by the way people perceive their environment. It
-repeatedly into conflict with society. shows why criminal behavior patterns change overtime as people
-Incapable of significant loyalty to individuals, groups or social mature and develop their reasoning powers.
values. a. Social bond
-Grossly selfish b. Moral development theory
-Callous c. Cognitive theory
-Irresponsible d. Self-control theory
-impulsive
-unable to feel guilt or to learn from experience and punishment. 56. Its main objective is to examine the nature of existing power
relationships between social group and focus on the influences
47. He fully developed and described the sociopath as “moral that various social phenomena bring to bear on the types of
idiot” behavior that tends to characterize groups of people.
a. Hervey Cleckley a. Psychological theory
b. Albert Bandura b. Biological theory
c. David Abrahamsen c. Sociological theory
d. Hans Eysenck d. All of the above
48. Narda is 15 year old who is known by her family and friends 57. one of the basic tenets of this theory is that that if the
to be impulsive who always seek for immediate gratification. This government intervenes in the lives of offenders, for example by
statement indicates that Narda has…. arresting them, they will only make things worse.
a. Strong personality a. Labeling theory
b. High level of self-control b. Anomie theory
c. Low level of self-control c. Strain theory
d. Weak personality d. Stress theory
49. A child who failed to develop strong attachment to the family 58. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined
may result to any of the following, except one. genetically; that ancestry determines IQ; and, that low
a. He or she may fall prey to a number of psychological intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is linked to behavior
disorders including criminal behavior:
b. He or she may be impulsive and have difficulty a. Nature Theory
concentrating and consequently experience difficulty in school b. Psychological theory
c. He or she may often have difficulty initiating and c. Strain Theory →FRAPS (frustration, resentment, anger,
sustaining relationship with others pressure and stress)
d. He or she may find and to sustain romantic d. Labeling theory → SOCIAL REACTION
relationships.
59. Is a criminal act that is modeled or inspired by a previous
50. This is the study of the perception of reality and of the mental crime that has been reported in the media or described in fiction.
processes, which is concerned with how people morally represent a. Copycat crime
and reason about the world. b. Suggesto-imitative assaults
a. Cognitive theory c. Imitation crime
b. Attachment theory d. Idolized crime
c. Personality theory Gabriel Tarde
d. Self-control theory - He introduced the theory of imitation which proposes the
process by which people become criminals.
51. A level of the mind that contains of the drives, urges or instinct - According to this theory, individuals imitate the behavior of other
that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate individuals based on the degree of their association
most of our words, feelings and actions. with other individuals and it is inferior or weak who tend to imitate
a. Conscious the superior and strong.
b. Unconscious SUGGESTO-IMITATIVE ASSAULTS - A term coined by Gabriel
c. Preconscious Tarde to describe crime in terms of imitative behavior.
d. Psyche As part of a general theory of crime it depicts crime as socially
learned behavior which propagates through society via
52. a type of conscious which is turned into the outer world and both the media and interpersonal communication.
acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli. COPYCAT CRIME - A copycat crime is a criminal act that is
a. Conscious proper modeled or inspired by a previous crime that has been reported
b. Mental structure in the media or described in fiction.
c. Perceptual conscious
d. Consciousness 60. His study focused on the Kallikak family tree and he concluded
that feeblemindedness is inherited and related to deviant behavior
53. Attachments ______ are formed soon after birth, when infants and poverty. He was the first person to use the term “moron”.
bond with their mothers. Babies will become frantic, crying and a. Robert Dugdale
clinging to prevent separation or reestablish contact a missing b. Henry Goddard
parent. c. Ernest Hooton
a. Bond d. Charles Goring
b. Attachments
c. Relationships 61. This theory focuses on the development of high crime areas
d. All of these associated with the disintegration of conventional values caused
by rapid industrialization, increased migration and urbanization.
a. Cultural Deviance Theory

b. Differential Association Theory
c. Social Disorganization Theory 70. A society which rules of behavior have broken down or
d. Strain Theory become inoperative during periods of rapid social change or social
crisis such as war, or famine.
62. He propounded the theory of evolution that inspired the now a. Labeling theory
known “Father of Modern Criminology” to develop the theory of b. Anomie theory
atavism. c. Strain theory
a. Cesare Lombroso d. Stress theory
b. Charles Goring Anomie theory
c. Cesare Beccaria The roots of the strain theories can be traced to Emile Durkheim’s
d. Charles Darwin notion of “anomie”, a French word for “normlessness”.
The word “anomie” came from a Greek word “nomos” which
63. According to him, people with criminal behavior, should be means “without norms”.
prohibited from having children.
a. Robert Dugdale 71. This theory sees crime and delinquency as a result of the
b. Henry Goddard anger and frustration of a person due to his inability to achieve
c. Charles Goring his dream.
d. George Wilker → Once said, “criminology is not a a. Labeling theory
science” b. Anomie theory
c. Strain theory
64. It states that individuals are deviant mainly because they have d. Stress theory
been labeled as deviant by social agencies and others. The notion
of deviance is not inherent in the act itself, but rather in the 72. Kardo suffered from frustration because of his failure to pass
reaction and stigma attached to the actor. his 2 subjects and became angry and aggressive. As a result of
a. Containment Theory his experience, he always entangles into trouble and brawls. What
b. Theory of Imitation specific theory can explain the causes of his criminal behavior?
c. Social Process Theory a. Anomie theory
d. Social Reaction theory b. Subculture theory
c. Strain theory
65. Cesare Lombroso classified this type of criminal with five (5) d. Differential theory
or more atavistic stigmata.
a. Born-criminal type 73. Since childhood, Kardo idolized his father. He dreamed of
b. Insane becoming a top ranking police officer like his father. However, he
c. Criminaloid did not qualify due to health problem. As a result, he turned his
d. pseudo-criminal frustration by joining a gang that influence him to develop
66. Classical Theory states that individuals have freewill. It is antisocial behavior. This is supported by…
focused on an individual's choice as to whether or not he will a. Anomie theory
commit a crime and the purpose of Classical Theory in giving b. Differential association theory
punishment c. Labeling theory
is________________. d. Strain theory
a. Restoration
b. Treatment 74. This theory focuses on the condition within the urban
c. Retribution environment that affects crime rates.
d. Deterrence a. Social Disorganization Theory
b. Strain Theory
67. This asserts that strong self-image protects the youth from c. Deviance culture
the influence and pressure of d. Culture Conflict Theory
criminogenic pulls in his environment.
a. Rational Choice theory 75. It is one in which institutions of social control such as family,
b. Conflict theory commercial establishments; schools have broken down and can
c. Label theory no longer carry out their expected or stated functions.
d. Containment theory a. Strained Area
b. Problematic Area
68. A theory that studies the interrelationship between human c. Crowded Area
organisms and the physical environment. d. Disorganized Area
a. Strain
b. Culture deviance 76. The central feature of this theory is that American culture
c. Human ecology defines monetary success as the predominant cultural goal to
d. Differential association which all its citizens should aspire. At the same, this culture
restricts certain segments of the population from attaining
69. Emphasize relationships among social institutions and monetary success by legitimate means.
describe the types of behavior that tend to characterized groups a. Labeling theory
of people rather than individuals. b. Anomie theory
a. Social process theories c. Strain theory
b. Social control theory d. Stress theory
c. Social learning theory
d. Social structure theories 77. DECEMBER 2021, Youths who fail in both the criminal and
conflict subcultures tend to go into other areas of delinquency and
SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORIES deviant behavior like drinking alcoholic liquor, smoking and drug
Explain crimes by examining the structure of society, addiction. This statement is consistent with which of the
which are one of the three major sociological approaches to crime following?
causation. a. social structure
Emphasize relationships among social institutions and b. retreatist subculture
describe the types of behavior that tend to characterized groups c. conflict subculture
of people rather than individuals. d. criminal subculture
There are three independents yet overlapping branches
within the social structure theory namely Social Disorganization 78. Narda is the younger daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Angbato. She
Theory; Strain Theory; Culture Conflict Theory. was always being compared to her elder sister because of her

inability to perform well in academics and non-academics d. Social structure theories
activities. As a result, she became rebellious and get into troubles
as an outlet of her frustration. Which of the following theories can 87. He emphasized that a person is not born with the ability to
best support the situation? behave violently.
a. Anomie theory a. Albert Bandura
b. Subculture theory b. Albert Hoffman
c. Strain theory c. Albert Doderlein
d. Differential theory d. Nota
79. It refers to the individual’s frustration, anger and resentment. 88. Social learning theorist view violence as something learn
a. Problem through aggressive acts called
b. Frustration a. Tarde’s law of imitation
c. Strain b. Differential association theory
d. Tension c. Psychological assumption
d. Behavior Modeling
80. It is a mode of adaptation wherein the person drops out of
society and often take refuge in drugs, alcohol and transience and Albert Bandura - emphasized that a person is not born with the
are frequently in trouble with the law. ability to behave violently.
a. Retreatism These theories assume that people are born with no tendency to
b. Rebellion commit crimes but that they learn to be aggressive through their
c. Innovation life experiences.
d. Ritualism Suggest that people learn from one another via
observation, imitation and modeling.
81. Kardo’s parents wanted him to become a policeman which he Social leaning theorist view violence as something learn through
also dreams. To achieve this, he works hard and maintain his good aggressive acts called Behavior Modeling.
standing in school to pass the board exam someday. What aggressive acts are usually modeled after three (3) principal
adaptation does Kardo applying? sources:
a. Conformity -Family members
b. Innovation -Environmental experience
c. Ritualism -Mass media
d. Retreatism
e. Rebellion 89. This theory explains that criminal behavior is learned through
interaction with other people; that the greater the duration,
82. Delinquent youth cannot adapt to conventional means by frequency and intensity of association with individuals with
higher class to achieve conventional goals. As a result, some of criminal behavior. The greater the likelihood that a person will
them formed a gang wherein they can achieve their goals through violate the law.
illegal means. a. Tarde’s law of imitation
a. Conformity b. Differential association theory
b. Innovation c. Psychological assumption
c. Ritualism d. Behavior Modeling.
d. Retreatism Edwin h. Sutherland AND DONALD CRESSEY
e. Rebellion Basic principles of Differential Association Theory
Criminal behavior is learned
83. Kardo doesn’t want to become a policeman that his father Learning is a by-product of interaction
wanted him to be. Because of this, he just did what he supposed Criminal techniques are learned
to do graduate regardless if he pass or top the board someday. Perceptions of legal code influence motives and drives
a. Conformity Differential associations vary in frequency, duration,
b. Innovation priority and intensity.
c. Ritualism A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of
d. Retreatism definitions favorable to the violations of law over definitions
e. Rebellion unfavorable to the violation of law.
The process of learning criminal behavior by association
84. Kardo has no goal in life at all and never work for it anyway. with criminal involves all of the mechanisms involved in any other
He just maintains whatever he is doing to just make a living. learning process
a. Conformity
b. Innovation 90. This theory is defined as the balance anticipated or actual
c. Ritualism rewards and punishments that follow or are consequences of
d. Retreatism behavior
e. Rebellion a. Differential reinforcement theory - Ronald Akers
b. Reward dominance theory
85. Assume that everyone has the potential to violate the law and c. Strain theory
that criminality is not an innate human characteristic. d. Social bond theory
a. Social process theories
b. Social control theory 91. it describes state of “normlessness” or “rudderlessness” that
c. Social learning theory arises when there is a disruption in the ongoing social order.
d. Sociological theory a. Anomie
SOCIAL PROCESS criminologists operate from a sociological b. Social process theory
perspective known as Symbolic Interactionism - the view of c. Social control theories
social behavior that emphasizes linguistic or gestural d. Social disorganization theory
communication and its subjective understanding, especially the
role of language in the formation of the child as a social being. 92.These are morally tinged influences that have become
entrenched in the culture but are publicly condemned.
86. These theories assume that people are born with no tendency a. Subterranean values
to commit crimes but that they learn to be aggressive through b. Social values
their life experiences. c. Amoral
a. Social process theories d. Morality
b. Social control theory
c. Social learning theory

93. View the process of becoming a criminal as a learning b. Social control theory
experience in which potential delinquents and criminals master c. Social learning theory
techniques. This enables them to counterbalance or neutralize d. Social structure theories
conventional values due to subterranean values.
a. Neutralization theory 100. This includes personal factors as restlessness, discontent,
b. Drift theory hostility, rebellion, mental conflict, anxieties, and need for
c. A or b immediate gratification that caused a person to commit a crime
d. All of the above a. Internal Pushes
b. External Pressures
FIVE SEPARATE TECHNIQUES OF NEUTRALIZATION c. External Pulls
Denial Of Responsibility d. All of the above
We acknowledge doing the behavior considered wrong, but we
claim that we had no choice—that we had to do or we were forced 101. The most important resistance to criminal inducement in
to do so. containment theory of Walter Reckless.
Denial Of Injury a. positive self-image
We acknowledge doing the wrong action, but we claim that no b. ego strength
one was harmed by what we did, so it really shouldn’t be a c. Reasonable limits and expectations
problem. d. Goal orientation
Denial the harm to the victim/Blaming The Victim e. A or b
We acknowledge that people were hurt by our actions, but we
claim that though we did the action, it was really the victim’s 102. Kardo keeps his composure and patiently disregarding his
fault—they brought about or otherwise deserved our behavior. classmate provocation to involve in fight because he knows that
Condemn The Condemners it could lead to his suspension in school. He really wants to
We abdicate all responsibility for our behavior, and instead we become a policeman someday that inhibits him from any trouble.
point to the people condemning us. They are the problem, not us. a. Internal Pushes
What they have done wrong excuses our behavior. b. External Pressures
Appealing To A Higher Loyalty c. external containment
We claim that while we violated some social norms, we’re actually d. internal containment
adhering to other norms and loyalties, and these higher principles
justify our behavior. Internal Pushes – this includes personal factors as restlessness,
discontent, hostility, rebellion, mental conflict, anxieties, and need
94. Kardo was apprehended by “Red Boys” in Valenzuela City for for immediate gratification.
traffic violation. Accordingly, he just beat the red light, but Kardo External Pressures - this includes adverse living conditions that
exclaiming for consideration because no one was hurt and he did influence deviant behavior; relative deprivation, poverty,
not cause anything harmful or anything to congest the traffic flow. unemployment, insecurity, minority status, limited opportunity
What techniques is he trying to apply? and inequalities
a. Appealing to higher authority External Pulls – these are represented by deviant companions,
b. Denial of injury membership in criminal subcultures or other deviant groups.
c. Denial of responsibility Reckless called an individual’s ability to resist criminal inducement
d. Pinagbabawal na technique “containments”, the most important of which are a positive self-
image and “ego strength”
95. “Straight shooters” is a police parlance tat describes a police Factors of external containment (outer)
officer protecting another deviant officer of his misdeed in 1. Reasonable limits and expectations
adherence to secrecy discipline. What technique of neutralization 2. Meaningful roles and activities
is this? 3. Several complementary variables
a. Appealing to higher authority Factors of internal containment (inner)
b. Denial of injury 1. Strong and favorable self-concept
c. Denial of responsibility 2. Goal orientation
d. Pinagbabawal na technique 3. Frustration tolerance
96. Kardo exclaiming “why me? I just stole an apple, why can’t 103. The two socialized groups in a particular society have
you arrest those corrupt officials in palace. I just stole because disagreement due to the different point of views over what is
those greedy officials made us poor’! acceptable or proper behavior that resulted to a brawl among the
a. Denial the harm to the victim/Blaming The Victim members. Which of the following theories supports the situation.
b. Condemn The Condemners a. Anomie theory
c. Denial Of Injury b. Culture conflict theory
d. Denial of responsibility c. Subculture theory
d. Differential association theory
97. “that is already a system here in PNP. Arresting suspects and
making a compromise to have sex with them in exchange of their 104. it asserts that the upper class creates laws that protect their
liberty, if I did not do this, others will! The last statement of Kardo interest.
being arrested for sextortion. a. Containment theory
a. Denial the harm to the victim/Blaming The Victim b. Instrumentalist theory
b. Condemn The Condemners c. Social class conflict
c. Denial Of Injury d. Strain theory
d. Denial of responsibility
105. A particular university in manila is facing a problem between
98. Kardo said “buti nga sa kanya, patawid tawid kasi kahit hindi two fraternities whose members usually end up to a fight. The
tamang tawiran” after hitting a bystander by his Innova crackers. situation happens due to clash of values between the two groups
a. Denial the harm to the victim/Blaming The Victim over what is acceptable or proper behavior. This situation is
b. Condemn The Condemners supported by …
c. Denial Of Injury a. Anomie theory
d. Denial of responsibility b. Culture conflict theory
c. Subculture theory
99. Maintain that all people have the potential to violate the law d. Differential association theory
and that modern societies presents many opportunities for illegal
activities. 106. This is a concept of lower class wherein they are unable to
a. Social process theories achieve success legitimately; as a result, many of them join in

gangs and engage in behavior that is usually malicious, and 110. The effect of ____ is not always a one-shot deal but may be
negativistic. on going. Some people who feel constantly picked on and
a. Toughness maltreated by others will become detached and sullen.
b. Culture deviance a. Victimization
c. Status frustration b. Negative stimuli
d. Autonomy c. Criminal behavior
d. Strain
CULTURAL DEVIANCE THEORY BY THOSTEN SELLIN
This theory combines the effects of social disorganization and 111. Kardo has been involved with a group with promiscuous
strain to explain how people living in deteriorated neighborhoods activities. Her parents observed that she is gradually changing
react to social isolation and economic deprivation. Because of the from an innocent person into somewhat vulgar and indecent
draining, frustrating and dispiriting experiences, members of the person. Which of the following best supports the changes in
lower class create an Independent Subculture with its own set of Salve’s behavior.
rules and values. a. Differential association theory
This lower-class subcultures stresses excitement, toughness, risk- b. Subculture theory
taking, fearlessness and immediate gratification. c. Culture conflict theory
Subcultural norms such as being tough followed by the lower class d. Anomie theory
may tend to clash with conventional values – the norms set by
society. 112. Kardo grew up in slum area wherein he has direct association
Walter Miller’s lower class focal cocerns with people who have criminal values. As a result, when he
TROUBLE, TOUGHNESS, SMARTNESS, EXCITEMENT, FATE reached teenage life, he had already acquired criminal behavior.
, AUTONOMY Which of the following explains why Kardo developed criminal
behavior?
107. A phenomenon that refers to the handling down of a. Differential association theory
delinquent behaviors as socially learned and transferred from one b. Subculture theory
generation to the next taking place mostly among disorganized c. Culture conflict theory
urban areas. d. Anomie theory
a. Cultural Transmission
b. Social Phenomenon 113. Accordingly, behaveor is strengthened or is encouraged thru
c. Crime rewards as positive reinforcement and avoidance of punishment
d. Delinquent behavior as negative reinforcement. Which of the following best supports
the statement?
108. It is a concept of lower class wherein they are unable to a. Differential reinforcement theory
achieve success legitimately; as a result, many of them join in b. Social control theory
gangs and engage in behavior that is “non-utilitarian, malicious c. Differential association theory
and negativistic.” d. Neutralization theory
a. Status frustration
b. Identity crisis 114. It is about the role of the social relationships that bind people
c. Economic frustration to the social order and prevent antisocial behavior
d. Nota a. Containment
b. Social bond
DELINQUENT SUBCULTURE THEORY Albert K. Cohen c. Social control
(1918-2004) first articulated the theory in his classic book, d. Social restrictions
“Delinquent Boys.”
Cohen’s position was that delinquent behavior of lower-class 115. You get involved with antisocial group but you decided to
youth is actually a protest against the norms and values of the avoid your group members because of your family. You do not
middle-class US culture. Because the social conditions make them want to bring pain and embarrassment to your parents because
incapable of achieving success legitimately, lower class youths you love them. Based on social bond theory, this indicate that you
experience a form of culture conflict that Cohen labels Status have strong…
Frustration. a. Commitment
Status Frustration - refers to the state where youths are b. Attachment
incapable of achieving their legitimate goals in life because of the c. Involvement
social conditions that they are into. d. Belief
With this, Cohen was able to believe that because of status
frustration, lower-class boys who suffer rejection by middle-class 116. Kardo does not want to cheat while taking the board
(rich) people may tend to form Deviant Subcultures and Cohen examinations because he believes it is not right. He believes that
called it: the Corner Boy, the College Boy, or the Delinquent Boy if he wants to pass the board, he must do his best and never rely
(Siegel, 2004) on the inappropriate means of achieving it.
The Corner Boy - is the most common response to middle-class a. Commitment
rejection. He is not a chronic delinquent but may be a truant who b. Attachment
engages in petty or status offenses, such as sex before marriage c. Involvement
and recreational drug abuse. d. Belief
The College Boy - Embraces the cultural and social values of the
middle-class. He actually strives to be successful by those 117. Kardo has never been involved in crime because he does not
standards. want to lose everything he has like being a dean’s lister and afraid
The Delinquent Boy - Adopts set of norms and principles in that he may not be able to achieve his dreams if he shall be
direct opposition to middle-class values. He strives for convicted.
independence and that nobody can control his behavior, he may a. Commitment
join gang and willing to take risks and violate the law b. Attachment
c. Involvement
109. Kardo cannot go along with his “rich kids” classmates, he d. Belief
engages in petty crimes such as shoplifting, truancy and 118. Narda is an SK chairman and a model student in his
vandalism. Kardo is ______ barangay. What do you think her bond that inhibits her from
a. The Corner Boy committing or at least involving to a crime?
b. The College Boy a. Commitment
c. The Delinquent Boy b. Attachment
d. The lover boy c. Involvement
d. Belief

c. Lifestyle theory
119. According to this theory, lower-class people may feel both d. Latent trait theory
deprived and embittered when they compare their life e. Age graded theory
circumstances to those of the more affluent. LATENT TRAIT THEORY
a. Relative deprivation theory It also hold that human development is controlled by “master
b. Cultural deviance theory trait” such as personality, intelligence and genetic makeup
c. Delinquent subculture theory present at birth.
d. Differential opportunity theory It is also believed that master trait remains stable and unchanging
RELATIVE DEPRIVATION THEORY throughout a person’s lifetime whereas others suggest that it can
was proposed by sociologists Judith Blau and Peter be altered, influenced, or changed by subsequent experience.
Blau, who combined concepts from anomie theory with those (Siegel, 2004)
derived from social disorganization models.
According to Blaus, lower-class people may feel both 125. In this theory, the type of crime committed by certain
deprived and embittered when they compare their life individual is in consonance with his age or his age governs or
circumstances to those of the more affluent. dictates the type of crime to be committed by him.
a. Life course theory
120. Kardo is having a hard time applying for work because he is b. Routine activity theory
a member of minority. What theory that best describes the c. Lifestyle theory
situation? d. Latent trait theory
a. Relative deprivation theory e. Age graded theory
b. Cultural deviance theory AGE - GRADED THEORY (Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub)In
c. Delinquent subculture theory age-graded theory, the type of crime committed by certain
d. Differential opportunity theory individual is in consonance with his age or his age governs or
dictates the type of crime to be committed by him. This is what
121. The develop sense of powerlessness which increases levels Laub and Sampson called as the Turning Points: marriage and
of mistrust. Some residents become so suspicious of authority career.
that they directly develop a _____. It often results in an Aging out process – also known as Desistance or Spontaneous
expanding mistrust of social institutions, including law Remission. The tendency for youths to reduce the frequency of
enforcement, business, government and schools. their offending behavior as they aged and is thought to occur
a. Crab mentality among all groups of offenders.
b. Brain drain
c. Siege mentality 126. According to this view, as children mature within their
d. Focus lang sa goal, iwan pati pamilya mentality environment, elements of socialization control their development
process and either insulate them from delinquency or encourage
122. Kardo and Narda were board passers who then applied to their antisocial activities.
PNP. Eventually, Kardo begin to distrust the society when he failed a. Social development model
despite of being a topnotcher while Narda who is just a passer b. Differential coercion theory
successfully included to the successful applicant because his c. Control balance theory
father is a well-known high official of the government. Instead of d. AGE - GRADED THEORY
pursuing his dream, he became member of NPA. What theory best SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL
describes the situation? Joseph G Weis, Richard F. Catalano, J. David Hawkins
a. Relative deprivation theory (2001)
b. Cultural deviance theory focus on the different factors affecting child’s social
c. Delinquent subculture theory development over the life course.
d. Differential opportunity theory This model holds that commitment and attachment to
DIFFERENTIAL OPPORTUNITY THEORY conventional institution, activities and belief insulate from
Is the output of the classic work of Richard A. Cloward (1926- delinquency-producing influence in their environment. Therefore,
2001) and Lloyd E. Ohlin’s (1981-2008) “Delinquency And using this model, the role of parents is very important since they
Opportunity”. are the first teacher
This theory is a combination of strain and disorganization DIFFERENTIAL COERCION THEORY
principles into a portrayal of a gang-sustaining criminal Mark Colvin (1952-2017) In his work, “Crime and
subculture. Coercion,” identifies master trait that may guide behavioral
The main concept of this theory states that people in all strata of choices, in which he calls “coercion.”
society share the success goals but those in the lower-class have Perception of coercion can begin in early life when
limited means of achieving them. children experience punitive form of discipline including both
Because of the differential opportunity, kids are also likely to join physical attacks and psychological coercion including negative
one of three types of gangs; Criminal Gangs, Conflict Gang, commands. Critical remarks such as teasing, humiliation, whining,
Retreatist Gang. yelling and threats.
123. A female student got pregnant in her third year of college 127. Kardo, because of poverty, forced to steal from convenience
and eventually stopped by her parents from going to school. After store to satisfy his hunger. What source of coercion is this?
delivering the baby, the student had no intention anymore of a. Interpersonal coercion
going back to school instead she’s now more concerned on joining b. Impersonal coercion
her friends wherever they go, letting her parents took care of her c. Personal coercion
baby. d. Economic coercion
a. Life course theory e. Two sources of coercion.
b. Routine activity theory
c. Lifestyle theory Interpersonal coercion – is direct, involving the use of threat
d. Latent trait theory or force and intimidation from parents, peers, and law
e. Age graded theory enforcement officer.
Impersonal coercion – involves [pressures beyond individual
124. Is a complete opposite of life course theory, because in life control, such as economic and social pressure caused by
course theory, it explains that people change over the life course unemployment, poverty or competition among businesses or
while latent trait theory claims that people do not change; other groups
maturity brings fewer opportunities, early social control like
proper parenting can reduce criminal propensity. 128. it states that if petty offenses were subject to the same
a. Life course theory punishment as more serious crimes, offenders would choose the
b. Routine activity theory

more serious crime, because the resulting punishment would be 134. it is base on the premise that criminal decision making is
about the same. rational and coherent, that is spontaneous or impulsive.
a. Marginal deterrence a. Arousal theory
b. Utilitarian calculus b. Trait theory
c. Oedipus complex c. Rational choice theory
d. Electra complex d. Deterrence theory
129. This strength of the theory is that it can explain the pattern 135. A personal trait of the individual as distinct from a “crime”
and trends of female crime in first world nations and it explains which is an event
the involvement of women in property crime. a. Blameworthy
a. Marginalization theory b. Displacement
b. Adler's theory of masculinity c. Edgework
c. Power control theory d. Criminality
d. Critical feminist 136. The excitement or exhilaration of successfully executing
e. Opportunity theory illegal activities in dangerous situation.
ADLER'S THEORY OF MASCULINITY a. Blameworthy
The main premise of this theory is that criminalities of b. Displacement
women are mainly dependent on the masculinity behavior of c. Edgework
female. d. Criminality
The empowered women are involved in the more 137. The view that if the probability of arrest, conviction, and
serious violent crime than non-powered women due to sanctioning increases, crime rates should decline.
masculinity. a. Rational choice theory
b. Trait theory
130. This theory says that increasing opportunities of women c. Arousal theory
reduced the rates of violent female offending, but increased the d. Deterrence theory
rates of property crimes. 138. According to it, the death penalty – the ultimate punishment
a. Marginalization theory – should deter murder – the ultimate crime
b. Adler's theory of masculinity a. Rational choice theory
c. Power control theory b. Trait theory
d. Critical feminist c. Arousal theory
e. Opportunity theory d. Deterrence theory
OPPORTUNITY THEORY 139. Convincing criminals that committing a serious crime is too
RITA J. SIMON (1931-2013) risky and that other less dangerous crimes or action might be a
This theory argued that involvement of criminal activities is better choice.
increased when women have different opportunities. a. General deterrence
There is no difference between male and female in terms of b. Perceptual deterrence
morality, the biological characteristics not being relevant for c. Restrictive deterrence
committing crime. Simon argued that historically, males are more d. Specific deterrence
active in crime because of their greater social opportunities, 140. it is also called special or particular deterrence.
competences and network a. General deterrence
b. Perceptual deterrence
131. In this theory includes that in egalitarian families, in which c. Restrictive deterrence
the husband and the wife share similar positions of power at home d. Specific deterrence
and in the workplace –daughters gain a kind of freedom that 141. the idea that keeping offenders in confinement will eliminate
reflects reduced parental control. the risk of their committing further offenses.
a. Marginalization theory a. Contagion effect
b. Adler's theory of masculinity b. Incapacitation effect
c. Power control theory c. Deterrence effect
d. Critical feminist d. Psychological fear effect
e. Opportunity theory 142. Operationalization of these strategies are long prison
sentences, placing more people behind bars.
POWER CONTROL THEORY BY JOHN L HAGAN a. Specific deterrence strategies
Suggests that class influences delinquency and criminality by b. Incapacitation deterrence
controlling the quality of family life. c. A and b
These families produce daughters whose law violating behaviors d. General deterrence strategies
mirror those of their brothers. 143. Early efforts to discover a biological basis of crime through
The daughters of successful and powerful mothers are more at measurement of physical and mental processes.
risk of delinquency than the daughters of stay-at-home mothers a. Atavistic anomalies
b. Biological determinism
132. It is carried out by women whose office jobs can be c. Criminal anthropology
characterized as being set on a low to medium level, or more d. Nature theory
simply speaking, at a position as accountants etc. That is, women 144. It held that criminal’s manifest distinct physique that make
who may not have carrying, main functions, but still have enough them susceptible to particular types of anti-social behavior.
powers and opportunities to commit fraud or theft at their jobs. a. Oedipus complex
a. Blue collar crime b. Somatotype school
b. White collar crime c. Thanatos
c. Feminist crime d. Electra complex
d. Women crime 145. Advocates of this view trace the activities of several
e. Nota generations of families believe to have a special large number of
criminal members.
133. This theory claims that the cause of criminality originates a. Kallikak family
with the onset of male supremacy and the efforts of males to b. Somatotype school
control female sexuality. c. Inheritance school
a. Critical feminist d. Jukes Family
b. Feminist criminology 146. the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological
c. MARGINALIZATION THEORY and / or psychological traits.
d. Power control theory a. Trait theory
b. Arousal theory

c. Biosocial theory 159. The lowest social stratum in any country, whose members
d. Deterrence theory lack the education and skills needed to function successfully in
147. it occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels modern society.
necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning. a. Socially disorganized
a. Hyperglycemia b. Stratified society
b. Cerebral allergies c. Underclass
c. Neuro allergies d. Incivilities
d. Hypoglycemia 160. Rude and uncivil behavior; behavior that indicates little
148. A physical condition that causes brain malfunction due to caring for the feelings of the others.
exposure to some environmental or biochemical irritant. a. Transitional neighborhoods
a. Hyperglycemia b. Socially disorganized
b. Cerebral allergies c. Stratified society
c. Neuro allergies d. Incivilities
d. Hypoglycemia 161. the condition that exists when people of wealth and poverty
live in close proximity to one another.
149. it suggests that a subpopulation of men has evolved with a. Relative deprivation
genes that incline them toward extremely low parental b. Mechanical solidarity
involvement. c. Organic solidarity
a. Cheater theory d. Negative affective states
b. Biosocial theory 162. it is the anger, frustration and adverse emotions that emerge
c. Deterrence theory in the wake of negative and destructive social relationships.
d. R/K selection theory a. Relative deprivation
b. Mechanical solidarity
150. The id follows _____: it requires instant gratification without c. Organic solidarity
concern for the rights of orders. d. Negative affective states
a. Reality principle 163. the value orientations of lower-class cultures; features
b. Ego ideal include the needs of excitement, trouble, smartness and personal
c. Latency autonomy.
d. Pleasure principle a. Conduct norms
151. the study of the perception of reality and of the mental b. Culture conflict
processes required to understand the world in which we live. c. Focal concerns
a. Biosocial theory d. Status frustrations
b. Deterrence theory 164. The interactions people have the various organizations,
c. Cognitive theory institutions and processes of society.
d. Trait theory a. Reaction formation
152. The ego is guided by the _____ : it takes into account what b. Differential opportunity
is practical and conventional by societal standards. c. Socialization
a. Reality principle d. Social interaction
b. Ego ideal 165. it suggests that people learn the techniques and attitudes of
c. Latency crime from close and intimate relationships with criminal peers;
d. Pleasure principle crime is a learned behavior.
153. It is the ability to learn about the consequences of one’s a. Social learning theory
actions through experience. b. Social control theory
a. Reality principle c. Social reaction theory
b. Ego ideal d. Differential association theory
c. Latency 166. Using either negative stimuli or loss of reward to curtail
d. Pleasure principle unwanted behaviors.
154. The instinctual drive toward aggression and violence. a. Differential reinforcement
a. Thanatos b. Social control
b. Eros c. Social reaction
c. Echos d. Negative reinforcement
d. Thanachos 167. it refers to the movement from one extreme of behavior to
155. in Freud’s schema, the third year, when children focus their another, resulting in behavior that is sometimes unconventional,
attention on their genitals. free, deviant, and at other times constrained and sober.
a. Oral stage a. Subterranean values
b. Anal stage b. Drift
c. Phallic stage c. Commitment to conformity
d. Nota d. Social bond
156. It is the shortest of all developmental periods and is 168. the reassessment of a person’s past to fit a current
considered a time of extreme adjustments, thus making it a generalized label.
hazardous period. a. Reflected appraisals
a. Prenatal Period b. Deviance
b. Infancy c. Primary deviance
c. Babyhood d. Secondary deviance
d. Early Childhood Reflected appraisal - is a term used in psychology to describe
157. A psychosocial state, identified by Erikson, in which youth a person's perception of how others see and evaluate him or her.
face inner turmoil and uncertainty about life roles. The reflected appraisal process concludes that people come to
a. Fixation think of themselves in the way they believe others think of them
b. Identity crisis
c. Ego identity 169. One of the best-known views of the labelling process is his
d. Gender crisis concept of primary deviance and secondary deviance.
158. these are created by the unequal distribution of wealth, a. Albert Cohen (Subcultural theory)
power and prestige. b. Walter Miller
a. Social strata c. Ronald Akers
b. Incivilities d. Edwin Lemert
c. Strain 170. He has identified the concept of restrictive deterrence.
d. Transitional neighborhood a. Ronald Clarke
b. Enrico Ferri

c. Alfred Adler b. Richard frase
d. Bruce Jacobs c. Bruce Jacobs
171. basing punishment solely on whether a person is responsible d. Auguste compte
for wrongdoing and deserving of censure or blame. 180. a psychological disorder in which a child shows
a. Blameworthy developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, hyperactivity and lack
b. Displacement of attention.
c. Edgework a. Latent delinquency
d. Criminality b. Conduct disorders
172. these are defined as unusual or excessive reactions of the c. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
body to foreign substances. d. Learning disability
a. Allergies 181. He argued that people are not actually born with the ability
b. Hypoglycemia to act violently, but that they learn to be aggressive through their
c. Premenstrual syndrome life experiences.
d. Neuro allergies a. Albert Bandura
173. according to Freud, a theory in which id-dominated people b. Lawrence Kohlberg
are driven to increase their personal pleasure without regard to c. Emile Durkheim
consequences. d. Oscar Lewis
a. Reality Principle 182. Treatment programs that seek to correct or remedy personal
b. Ego Ideal problems before they manifest themselves as crime.
c. Latency a. Primary prevention programs
d. Pleasure Principle b. Secondary prevention programs
174. Part of the superego; directs the individual into morally c. Tertiary prevention programs
acceptable and responsible behaviors which may not be d. Situational crime prevention
pleasurable. 183. this theory implicates that minor or primary deviance must
a. Thanatos be given much coordination and must be deterred immediately
b. Ego ideal before it could be imitated by others or be continued by the
c. Latency author.
d. Conscience a. Labelling theory
175. operationalization of these strategies are harsh prisons and b. Imitation theory
stiff fines c. Broken window theory
a. Specific deterrence strategies d. Nota
b. Incapacitation strategies Broken window method
c. A and b Fascinated in the work of Philip G. Zimbardo, criminologists James
d. General deterrence Q. Wilson (1931-2012) and George L. Kelling proposed that
176. according to him, societies pass thru stages that can be policing minor offenses might reduce or prevent serious crimes.
grouped on the basis of how people try to understand the world If a window in a building is broken and left unrepaired, all of the
in which they live. windows will soon be broken
a. Cesare Becarria James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling
b. Ronald Clarke 184. He formulated the formula, criminal behavior equals criminal
c. Adoplphe Quetelet tendencies plus crime inducing situation divided by person
d. August Comte emotional resistance to temptation.
A. Aichorn
177. It was created by Travis Hirschi. B. Abrahamsen
a. Differential reinforcement theory C.bromberg
b. Neutralization theory D. Sutherland
c. Containment theory 185. Which of the following does not describe attention-
d. Social bond theory deficit/hyperactivity disorder:
178. It was proposed by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. a. excessive motor activity(cannot sit still, fidget, runsabout
a. Sub-culture theory of delinquency talkative and noisy )
b. Neutralization theory b. impulsitivity( acts before thingking, shift quickly fromone
c. Differential opportunity theory activity to another, interrupts others, does notconsider the
d. Labeling theory consequences of behavior
SOCIAL REACTION THEORY ( labelling theory) c. inattention
1. FRANK TENNEMBAUM – He made the earliest statements of d. attentiveness, produce and focus
latter-day labeling theory. He describes the process of defining 186. It is the mapping of crime and establishes relationship
deviant behavior as different among juvenile delinquents and between society and the physical environment. It dominated in
conventional society, causing a "tagging" of juveniles as 1830-1880 in france and spread to england. The work based on
delinquent by mainstream society. The stigma that accompanies social data of demographic information on population including its
the deviant "tag" causes a person fall into deeper non-conformity. density, religion affiliation and wealth.
(Dramatization Of Evil) a. chicago school
2. ERWIN LEMERT – founder of the "Societal Reaction" theory. b. positivist school
This theory explores the journey to social deviance in two stages; c. neo classical
primary deviance and secondary deviance which are both d. cartographical school
incorporated into Labeling Theory as well. (Primary Deviance and 187. According to maslow, this need explains that individual desire
Secondary Deviance) respect as an honorable human being:
3. HOWARD BECKER - hailed as the founder of modern labeling a. self-actualization
theory. He proposes that this label becomes a person’s master b. belongingness
status, meaning that this is a constant label, affecting and over- c. esteem
riding how others will view them. d. physiological needs
4. GEORGE HERBERT MEAD - One of the founders of Social 188. They serves as stimuli- producing action that satisfies a
Interactionism. Believed that people are compelled to see need.
themselves as society perceives them to be. A. Interest
TAGGING - like labeling, the process whereby an individual is B. Perception
negatively defined by agencies of justice. Howard Becker C. Motives
179. In. 1992, he published situational crime prevention, which D. Drives
compiled the best-known strategies and tactics to reduce criminal 189. This theory argued that intelligence is largely determines
incidence. genetically, that ancestry determines I.Q and that low intelligence
a. Ronald Clarke

as demonstrated by low I.Q is linked to behavior including criminal B. Criminal psychiatry
behavior: C. Criminal anthropology
A. Nurture theory -developed through environment D. Criminal ecology
B. Nature theory 201. kardo is hanging out with his friends, and he decide to steal
C. Twin studies some chocolates from 7/11. He gets away with shoplifting, and
D. Developmental theory now has free chocolate to enjoy and the respect of his peers,
190. This theory focuses on preventing easy access and exit by without having consequences since he didn’t caught. Next day he
potential criminals as well as the elimination of their hiding places steals again at the store.
and where they can geographically select a A. Differential association theory
target. B. Differential reinforcement theory
A. Broken window theory C. Differential opportunity theory
B. Defensible space theory D. Differential identification theory
C. Social disorganization 202. Arnold flavio, on his early age was known for a being a thief.
D. Routine activities theory As he grows, he accepted it as his personal identity and resulted
191. A doctrine which criminals were seen as distinct types of to the commision of crime. What theory best describe the
human who could be distinguised from non-criminal by certain scenario?
physical traits. A. Social reaction theory
A. Theory of differential association B. Drifting theory
B. Theory of biological inferiority C. Imitation theory
C. Theory of evolution D. DRT
D. Theory of natural selection 203. It is a principle that events including criminal behaviour that
192. It is a branch in criminology which opposes the theoretical has a sufficient causes.
perspective and purposes the involvement of all stakeholders in A. Martism
the use of non-violent solution B. Determinism
A. Utilitarianism C. Atavism
B. Peacemaking criminology D. Narcissism
C. Masculinity hypothesis 204. This book contain all of the stigmata of potential criminal
D. Chivalry hypothesis written by Lombroso on his medical studies in the inmate of
193. This study reveals that criminality of the biological father was different prison.
a major predictor of the child’s behavior: A. Crime and victim
A. Xyy syndrome B. Dei dellite e dele pene
B. Twin studies C. Criminal mind
C. Adoption studies D. Criminal man
D. All of the above 205. This duty shows the basis of knowing the criminal behaviour
194. The following, except one, are biochemical factors to of a certain person, this examination and comparison focuses the
criminality: chromosomes.
A. Brain lesions A. Biological studies
B. Hypoglycemia B. Karyotype studies
C. Food allergies C. Cellular studies
D. Diet D. Mollecular studies
195. They are social drop out and reject both goals and means to 206. It is the study of human skull in relation to criminality
achieve it a. physiology
A. Innovator b. somatology
B. Ritualist c. phrenology
C. Retreatist d. physiognomy
D. Rebel 207. He coined the word ‘Ecology’.
196. Malou is well known for her outgoing personality and a. Earnst Haeckel
expensive taste. She is b. Ernest Burgess
A. Endomorph c. Robert Ezra Park
B. Mesomorph d. Philip G. Zimbardo
C. Ectomorph HUMAN ECOLOGY THEORY
D. Somatotyping Earnst Haeckel (Ecology)
197. His study focused on the kallikak family tree and he Robert Ezra Park and Ernest Burgess (human ecology)
concluded that feeble mindedness is inherited and related to Is concerned with the examination in the relationship between
deviant behaviour and poverty. He was rhe first person to use the man and his environment and
term moron man within an environment.
A. Charles goring 208. Glueck’ research confused on early of delinquency as
B. Francis galton forerunner of a criminal career. The deeper the roots of childhood
C. Henry goddard maladjustments, the smaller the chance of adult adjustments.
D. Calvin goddard This is referring to ____
198. This is a justification of punishment as introduced by the a. Life-course theory
classical school, which may be classified either as specific or b. Developmental theories
general, explaining that punishment serves to set an example to c. Interactional theory
the person himself or to the society in general: d. Antisocial behavior theory
A. Retribution 209. An individual begins relationships and behavior that will
B. Just desert determine his adult life. At first, he must learn to conform to social
C. Deterrence rules and function effectively in society. Then later, he is expected
D. Exemplarity to begin to think about careers, leaves his parental home, finds
199. Why Cesare Lombroso became the father of criminology permanent relationship and eventually marry and begin his own
A. He is the founder of italian school life. Which of the following developmental theories best applies
B. He wrote criminal man the situation?
C. He was the first person who used scientific method to a. Life course theory
determine the causes of crime b. Trajectory theory
D. He explained that criminals are born c. Latent trait theory
200. The study that relates the link between the physical d. Lateral theory
constitution of man and criminality was known as criminal 210. Which path to a criminal career begins at an early age with
anthropology, how about if it is related to mental disorder? stubborn behavior that leads to defiance like doing things one’s
A. Criminal psychology own way and disobedience?

a. Authority conflict pathway c. General theory of crime
b. Overt pathway d. Latent trait theory
c. Covert pathway 220. criminal careers are said to be developmental because
d. Direct pathway people are influenced by the behavior of those around them; and
Trajectory theory in turn they also influence other’s behavior.
Multiple independent paths to a criminal career and that there are a. Age-graded theory
different types and classes of offenders. b. Latent trait theory
Combines the elements of latent trait and life course theories c. Life-course theory
Authority conflict pathway – begins at early age with stubborn d. General theory of crime
behavior. Disobedience to authority 221. This theory views crime as a consequence of interpersonal
Covert pathway – begins with minor, underhanded behavior like relationship and of what those relationship mean. Hence,
lying, shoplifting that leads to property damage. This will weakening of a person’s bond to conventional society is the
escalates to more serious forms of criminality fundamental cause of delinquency.
Overt pathway – escalates to aggressive acts beginning with a. Interactional theory
aggression like annoying others and bullying leading to physical b. Developmental theories
fighting and then to violence. c. Life-course theory
211. Which pathway to a criminal career escalates to aggressive d. Age-graded theory
acts beginning with aggression like annoying others and bullying 222. Agnew identifies the latent traits of low self-control and
leading to physical fighting and then to violence like attacking irritability as _____ that encompass many of the traits like
someone and robbery? sensation seeking, impulsivity, inattentiveness and low empathy.
a. Authority conflict pathway a. Cumulative disadvantage
b. Overt pathway b. Indispensable factor
c. Covert pathway c. Super traits
d. Direct pathway d. Life course persistent / adolescent limited
212. Which of the following theories asserts that experiences in 223. This school on crime causation emphasized economic
young adulthood and beyond can redirect criminal transition determinism and concentrated on the need for the quality among
paths? According to this theory, in some cases, people can be all citizens. They provided statistical data which claimed to show
turned in a positive direction, whereas in others negative life that variations in crime rates are associated with variations in
experiences can be harmful and injurious. economic conditions.
a. Life course theory a. Cartographic School
b. Trajectory theory b. Socialist School
c. Age-graded theory c. Psychiatric School
d. Developmental theory d. Chicago School
213. This theory identifies critical points in the life-course that 224. Culture Conflict Theory was thorough studied by ____
produce crime; in childhood, family factors are critical; in wherein he concluded that the main difference between a criminal
adulthood, marital and job factors are key to show how crime is and a non-criminal is that each is responding to different sets of
a developmental process that shift in direction over the life course. conduct norms.
a. Interactional theory a. Emile Durkheim
b. Age-graded theory b. AndreMichael Guerry
c. Latent trait theory c. Thorsten Sellin
d. Life-course theory d. Abraham Maslow
214. In ICAP theory, ________ is a person’s risk or propensity to 225. Poor relationship with parents, no goals for the future,
engage in crime and cognition is the thinking process that turns participates in very few extracurricular activities can lead to
potential into actual behavior. commission of crimes.
a. Criminal tendency a. SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY
b. Antisocial potential b. Social reaction theory
c. Antisocial behavior c. Social process theory
d. Antisocial propensity d. Social learning theory
215. Which of the following is not a characteristic of people with 226. Learning perspective maintains that humans are________
limited self-control? a. Born criminal
a. Risk taker b. Corn innocent
b. Social climber c. Born to be true
c. Short sighted and narrowminded d. Born neutral
d. Tend to be impulsive 227. He defined crime as an act which believed to be socially
216. A theory that explains propensity to commit crime is stable harmful by a group of people which has the power to enforce it
over the life course, people who are antisocial during adolescence beliefs.
are the most likely to develop criminal careers. a. Erwin Lemert
a. General theory of crime b. Thorsten selllin
b. Latent trait theory c. John gillin
c. Age-graded theory d. Nota
d. Developmental theory 228. Sees society as a collection of diverse groups that can include
217. Robert Agnew identified 5 life domains that contains possible owners, workers, wealthy, poor, students, professionals, younger
crime-generating factors, except: older, and more. This view recognizes that the creation of laws is
a. Personality unequal and may not have consensus like in the example
b. Peers discussed previously.
c. Behavior a. Classical perspective
d. Work b. Consensus perspective
218. Repeated negative experiences create a condition called c. Interactionist perspective
______ d. Conflict perspective
a. Repressive behavior 229. The definition of crime reflects the preferences and opinions
b. Antisocial potential of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction,
c. Turning point in crime such as the auto industry. The auto industry used their power and
d. Cumulative disadvantage (age graded theory) influence to impose what they felt was to be right and wrong and
219. This theory suggests that while most people age out of became moral entrepreneurs.
crime, small segments are not removed from a criminal path and a. Classical perspective
continue crimes into adulthood. b. Consensus perspective
a. Developmental theories c. Interactionist perspective
b. Life-course theory d. Conflict perspective

230. This idea implies that all groups come together, regardless Babyhood - 2 weeks to 2 years, period of the true
of social class, race, age, gender, and more, to determine what foundation of age and marks the beginning of socialization and
should be illegal. This view also suggests that criminal law is a creativity.
function of beliefs, morality, and rules that apply equally to all Early Childhood - From 2 to 6 years. A problematic or
members of society troublesome age. Preschool age
a. Classical perspective Late childhood - 6 to 10 or 12 years, the so-called
b. Consensus perspective/ PLURALISM elementary years. This is the “gang age”.
c. Interactionist perspective Puberty Or Preadolescence - 12 to 13 or 14 years.
d. Conflict perspective Period of rapid growth and change
Adolescence - 13 or 14 to 17 years. A problem or
dreaded age. The child searcher for his/her identity. About to
III. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND VICTIMOLOGY
cross over into adulthood
1. Is a process in which a progressive series of changes occurs as
Early Adulthood - 18 to 40 years. The productive age,
a result of maturation and experience of a person.
dependency, emotional tension or even social isolation. Time of
a. Development
commitment and values changes
b. Human development
Middle Age - 40 to 60 years. Time of stress and
c. Innovation
transition
d. Maturation
Old age or senescence - 60 years to death. Period of
2. The goal of developmental changes is__________, through a
decline
process called self-realization or self-actualization.
a. To enable them manage their interpersonal relationship
7. The reaction to facts of relationship between a living thing and
b. To manage emotion for personal growth
his environment. Mainly influence by both genes and
c. Adopt to changes as what them requires to undergo for
environment.
them to live
A. Behavior B. Attitude
d. Enable people to adapt to the environment in which
C. Human behavior D. Actions
they live
8. Is the voluntary or involuntary attitude a person adopts in order
3. During this stage, an infant source main source of interaction
to fit society idea of right or wrong.
occurs through the mouth.
A. Attitude B. Behavior
a. Oral Stage
C. Behavioral D. Human behavior
b. Anal Stage
9. Focuses on external activities that can be observed and
c. Phallic Stage
measured.
d. Latency Stage
A. Behavioral B. Cognitive
4. It lays down the foundation of one’s gender identity. The
C. Humanistic D. Neurological
pattens of identification arising from the phallic stage primarily
10. A perspective in studying human behavior that focuses on the
determine the development of human character.
subject’s experiences, freedom of choice, and strong motivation
a. Oral Stage
to achieve self-actualization.
b. Anal Stage
A. Behavioral B. Cognitive
c. Phallic Stage
C. Humanistic D. Neurological
d. Latency Stage
Common Perspectives in the Study of Human Behavior
OEDIPUS COMPLEX (mommy’s boy) - Oedipus refers to a
Neurological - Emphasizes human actions in relation
5th-century BC Greek mythological character Oedipus, who
to events that take place inside the body, especially the brain and
unwittingly kills his father, Laius, and marries his mother, Jocasta.
the nervous system
Electra Complex (daddy’s girl)
Cognitive – studies how the brain processes and
5. This is a period of exploration and place an important role in
transforms information in various ways.
the development of confidence as well as social and
Psychoanalytical – emphasizes unconscious motives
communication skills.
stemming from repressed sexual and aggressive impulses in
a. Oral Stage
childhood.
b. Anal Stage
11. It is considered as behavior that is noticeable departure from
c. Phallic Stage
the accepted norm.
d. Latency Stage
A. Deviation of norm B. Abnormal behavior
PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
C. Deviated behavior
by SIGMUND FREUD
D. Standard behavior
STAGE 4: LATENCY STAGE (5 or 6 years to puberty)
12. This period of human life covers puberty to 17 years old.
This is a period of exploration and place an important role in the
a. Adolescence
development of confidence as well as social and communication
b. Early adolescence
skills.
c. Juvenile
STAGE 5: GENITAL STAGE (puberty to adulthood)
d. None of the above
undergoes the psychological maturation of systems of sexual
13. DECEMBER 2017, It refers to the person’s knowledge of a
functioning and associated hormonal systems, thus leading to
given stimulus which largely helps to determine the actual
intensified drives and impulses. The main objective of this phase
behavioral response in a given situation.
is the eventual separation from one’s attachment to his/her
a. Perception
parents and the achievements of mature relationships as well as
b. awareness
adults roles and duties.
c. Sensation
d. Learning
6. It is the shortest of all developmental periods and is considered
14. These are unlearned behavior.
a time of extreme adjustments, thus making it a hazardous
a. Habitual
period.
b. Instinctive
a. Prenatal Period
c. Symbolic
b. Infancy - From birth to 2 weeks.
d. Complex
c. Babyhood - - 2 weeks to 2 years
15. Verbal communication, logical problem solving techniques, job
d. Early Childhood – From 2 to 6 years
and skills etc. are examples of what behavior?
STAGES IN THE HUMAN LIFESPAN
a. Inherited Behavior
Prenatal Period - This period begins at conception
b. Learned or Operant Behavior
and ends at birth. It occurs within about 270 to 280 days or 9
c. Physical traits
calendar months.
d. Mental traits
Infancy - From birth to 2 weeks. It is the shortest of
16. It refers to antisocial acts that place the actor at risk of
all developmental periods and is considered a time of extreme
becoming a focus of the attention of criminal and juvenile justice
adjustments, thus making it a hazardous period.
professionals.

a. Social behavior – conducts in society 29. Are chronic maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are
b. Criminal behavior thoroughly integrated into the individual’s personality and that are
c. Psychological behavior – conducts of man in adherence troublesome to others or whose pleasure sources are either
to his mental faculties harmful or illegal.
d. Physical behavior – might be instinctive or voluntary, a. Personality disorder
the behavior of major body organs of living things. b. Mental disorder
17. It tends to emphasize relatively enduring behavioral, cognitive c. Somatoform Disorder
and affective predispositions without necessarily requiring d. Behavioral disorder
particular assumptions regarding the biological, psychological or MENTAL DISORDER - Also called a mental illness or psychiatric
social bases of these traits. disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant
a. Biological perspective – physical and mental psychic of distress or impairment of personal functioning
man 30. It is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms
b. Trait perspectives that mimic physical disease or injury for which there is no
c. Psychodynamic perspectives – the different identifiable physical cause. The symptoms that result from a
developmental stages where urges and drives vary as to how the somatoform disorder are due to mental factors
unconscious motives and mind dictates the reason of man. a. Personality disorder
d. Sociocultural perspectives b. Mental disorder
18. Bronfenbrenner believed that a person's development was c. Somatoform Disorder
affected by everything in their surrounding environment. He d. Behavioral disorder
divided the person's environment into five different levels: the 31. Displays neurological symptoms such as numbness, paralysis,
microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, or fits, even though no neurological explanation is found and it is
and the chronosystem which he called ______ determined that the symptoms are due to the patient’s
a. Social system psychological response to stress.
b. Nested system a. Hypochondriasis
c. Urban system b. Conversion Disorder (Hysteria)
d. Nota c. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
19. The traits that were shared by people with the same culture d. Mass Hysteria
were the common traits but, if it just superficial and less enduring 32. This behavior often leads to rejection by others, which seems
it is termed as the: to justify their original feelings. They are generally cold and
A. Common B. Secondary distant in their relationships.
C. Central D. Cardinal a. Paranoid Personality
20. A trait that are so basic that all person’s activities relate to it. b. Schizoid personality
a. Common B. Secondary c. Schizotypal personality
C. Central D. Cardinal d. Histrionic (hysterical) personality
21. These personality traits known as individual are very unique 33. Lack of empathy or conscience, difficulty controlling impulses
to the person as stated by: and manipulative behaviors. It is called Conduct disorder in less
A. Cardinal B. Allport than 18 years old.
C. Central D. Wade a. Antisocial personality disorder
22. When girls see her mother as rival for her father’s attention b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
this complex is termed as… c. Paranoid Personality Disorder
A. Oedipus Complex B. Electra Complex d. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
C. Penis Envy D. Athena Complex 34. They need for isolation and has an odd, outlandish or paranoid
23. He believed that criminals are degenerate and not fully belief.
developed as human beings. a. Antisocial personality disorder
a. Caesar Montano b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
b. Cesare Lombroso c. Paranoid Personality Disorder
c. Cesare Beccaria d. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
d. Julius Caesar 35. Exhibit a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and
24. "Moral development theory"; the basic moral principles and attempt to get attention in unusual ways, such as bizarre
social norms are learned through social interaction and appearance or speech.
roleplaying was introduced by _________ a. Histrionic personality disorder
a. Lawrence Kohlberg b. Avoidant Personality Disorder
b. Sigmund Freud c. Narcissistic personality disorder
c. Jean Piaget d. Borderline personality disorder
d. Lev Vygotsky 36. Also called Anankastic Personality disorder. Focused on order
25. Part of moral development theory; individuals believe in and and perfection that their lack of flexibility interferes with
have adopted the values and rules of society adolescents. productivity and efficiency
a. Preconventional level a. Avoidant Personality Disorder
b. Conventional level b. Dependent Personality Disorder
c. Postconventional level c. Narcissistic personality disorder
d. Nota d. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
26. Part of moral development theory; individual's moral rules and 37. Kardo decided not to attend his class after knowing that his
moral values consist of do's and don'ts to avoid punishment young friend would not be there too. He always relies to what his friends
children. say and do. He cannot decide for himself and always act as what
e. Preconventional level he sees from his friends.
f. Conventional level a. Avoidant Personality Disorder
g. Postconventional level b. Dependent Personality Disorder
h. Nota c. Narcissistic personality disorder
27. Part of moral development theory; individuals examine d. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
customs and social rules according to their own sense of universal 38. Kardo likes to being alone always, avoids making friend or
human rights, moral principles, and duties- adults after age 20 even just talking to others because he’s afraid that they might
a. Preconventional level reject him.
b. Conventional level a. Avoidant Personality Disorder
c. Postconventional level b. Dependent Personality Disorder
d. Nota c. Narcissistic personality disorder
28. It is a means to describe the form of criminal behavior d. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
A. Sociology B. Typology
C. Psychology D. Psychiatric

39. People with this personality exploit others for material gain or b. Anxiety
personal gratification (unlike narcissistic people, who exploit c. Phobia
others because they think their superiority justifies it). d. Compulsion
a. Dependent personality 51. A false belief based on an incorrect inference about external
b. Antisocial personality reality and firmly sustained despite clear evidence to the contrary,
c. Borderline personality and which is not related to cultural or religious beliefs
d. Avoidant personality A. False alarm
40. People with this personality display oddities of thinking, B. Wrong perception
perceiving and communicating similar to those of people with C. Incoherence
schizophrenia. D. Delusion
a. Narcissistic personality 52. People with this personality may unconsciously believe their
b. Antisocial personality suffering is a badge of merit needed to earn the love or admiration
c. Schizotypal personality of others.
d. Histrionic (hysterical) personality a. Cyclothymic personality
41. It refers to sum total of typical ways of acting, thinking and b. Passive-aggressive personality
feeling that makes each person unique c. Obsessive-Compulsive personality
a. Personality d. Depressive personality
b. Intelligence 53. The study of mental disorders and unusual or maladaptive
c. Emotions behaviors. Also defined as the origin of mental disorders, how
d. Behavior they develop and their symptoms.
43. Refers to feelings affective responses as a result of a. Psychology
physiological arousal, thoughts and beliefs, subjective evaluation b. Criminal psychology
and bodily expression. It is characterized by facial expressions, c. Abnormal psychology
gestures, postures and subjective feelings. d. Nota
a. feelings 54. It is serious personality disorder characterized by persistent
a. Emotion antisocial violent behaviors, lack of empathy and remorse, and
b. Drives bold, disinhibited, egotistical personality traits.
c. Motives a. Neurosis
44. Feeling that is private and subjective, condition of b. Psychosis
psychological arousal an expression or display of distinctive c. Psychopath
somatic and automatic responses. d. Psychoneurotic person
A. Emotion 55. A person jumps out of the window to his death because he
B. Stimuli - a thing or event that evokes a specific functional believes he can fly is _______.
reaction in an organ or A. Psychotic
tissue B. Mental retardate
C. Feelings - an emotional state or reaction C. Neurotic
D. Attitude - a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone D. Pyromanic
or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's behavior This is a psychoneurotic condition that is accompanied by a vast
45. This suggests that people feel emotions first then act upon range of mental and emotional symptoms that cannot be
them. This is a theory that emotion and psychological reaction controlled.
occur simultaneously. These actions include changes in muscular a. Psychasthenia
tension, perspiration etc. b. Amnesia
a. JAMES-LANGE THEORY c. Phobias
b. CANON-BARD THEORY d. Compulsion
c. TWO FACTORY THEORY e. Obsession
d. Nota 56. This is the inexcusable reverential awe of a specific situation
46. The two-factor theory was known as the best formulation of when there is no existing evil that are totally out of dimensions.
explaining the existence of emotion. It is comprised of cognitive A. Phobias
factor and ______. B. Obsessive-compulsive
A. physiological changes C. Anxiety neurosis
B. physiological arousal D. Exposure
C. physiological factor 57. It is the loss of memory.
D. physiological response a. Delusion
47. It is sometimes known as the study of the cognitive b. Obsession
interpretation. c. Compulsion
A. James Lange theory d. Amnesia
B. Two Factor theory Amnesia – this is a disorder wherein the individual cannot recoil
C. Cannon-Bard theory his or her name and remembers little or nothing about the past in
D. cognitive theory of motivation varying levels of intensity.
48. According to Dr. Daniel Goleman, it is a person’s ability to Types of amnesia
manage his feelings so that those feelings are expressed Anterograde – this is the inability to retain information, which
appropriately and effectively. has just been seen or read.
a. Intelligence Retrograde - this refers to the inability to recall any event that
b. Emotion took place during a certain period
c. Emotional intelligence Localized – the inability to recall events and details that are
d. Intelligence quotient related to a particular situation
49. People with this personality, unlike those with a schizoid Fugue – this is a type of amnesia wherein one wanders away
personality, they are openly distressed by their isolation and from his/her home or usual surroundings; often, the person has
inability to relate comfortably to others. no recollection as to how he/she came to be there when
a. Dependent personality awareness sets in.
b. Antisocial personality 58. It is recurrent, persistent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses
c. Borderline personality that are ego-dystonic, that is, they are not experienced as
d. Avoidant personality voluntarily produced, but rather as ideas that invade
50. It is recurrent, persistent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses consciousness.
that are ego-dystonic, that is, they are not experienced as a. Obsession
voluntarily produced, but rather as ideas that invade b. Anxiety
consciousness. c. Phobia
a. Obsession d. Compulsion

59. it is a massive repression or dissociation of certain aspect of 70. Most of time are resulted to in handling frustration when an
experience or memory. original plan intended to solve the problem did not produce the
a. Anxiety reaction intended result, thus the most practical way to face the problem,
b. Dissociative reaction is to look for most possible or alternative means.
c. Conversion reaction a. Direct approach
d. Phobic reaction b. Detour
60. Person has repetitive, irrational thoughts and/or actions which c. Substitution
usually involve some symbolic effort at conflict resolution d. Developing feeling of inferiority
a. Conversion reaction 71. Comes when a person is unable to hold on to any solution
b. Phobic reaction which gives a positive result. Being discourage to go on working
c. Obsessive-compulsive reaction for a way to handle a frustration could result to diminishing self-
d. Depressive reaction - refers to depression usually confidence, until the time when inferiority complex sets in.
accompanied by guilt, feelings of inferiority and anxiety. a. Direct approach
61. A false belief based on an incorrect inference about external b. Detour
reality and firmly sustained despite clear evidence to the contrary, c. Substitution
and which is not related to cultural or religious beliefs d. Developing feeling of inferiority
A. False alarm 72. It is a negative outcome of a person's inability to handle
B. Wrong perception frustration rightly. Manifestation in physical behavior can be
C. Incoherence observed in one's negative attitudes towards life both in the
D. Delusion personal and professional aspect.
62. People with this personality may unconsciously believe their a. Withdrawal or retreat
suffering is a badge of merit needed to earn the love or admiration b. Use of Defense Mechanism
of others. c. Direct approach
a. Cyclothymic personality d. Aggression
b. Passive-aggressive personality 73. Is an unpleasant state of tension and heightened sympathetic
c. Obsessive-Compulsive personality activity resulting from a blocked goal.
d. Depressive personality a. Frustration
63. It is a false interpretation by the senses of an external object b. Conflict - A negative emotional state caused by an
or stimulus, which has a real existence. inability to choose between two or more incompatible goals or
a. Illusion impulse.
b. Hallucination c. Problem
c. Dementia d. Tension
d. Amnesia 74. Is a distress caused by outward perceivable conditions that
64. It is characterized by incoherent speech, hallucinations, impedes progress toward a goal.
delusions, illusions, restlessness, watchfulness, apparently a. External frustration
purposeless actions, and inability to fix attention. b. Internal
a. Mesmerism c. Personal Frustration
b. Delirium d. Social frustration
c. Somnambulism
d. Semi somnolence 75. Taking an objective viewpoint; positive way of fighting
65. Most tolerated way of handling frustration & considered as frustration.
man's last resort in attempt to overcome fear. a. INTELLECTUALIZATION
a. Coping mechanism b. RATIONALIZATION
b. Defense mechanism c. DISPLACEMENT
c. Fight/flight d. DENIAL
d. Frustration Tolerance 76. When an individual reverts to childlike behavior in response
66. It is defined as the way people react to frustration. This could to frustration, that person is using ________ as a defense
be attributed to individual differences and the way people mechanism.
prepared in the developmental task they faced during the early a. Regression
stages of their life. b. Rationalization
a. Coping mechanism c. Projection
b. Defense mechanism d. Displacement
c. Fight/flight 77. Unfaithful boyfriend suspects his girlfriend to have other
d. Frustration Tolerance “LOVER”. The statement best describes;
67. It is the ability to withstand frustration without developing A. sublimation
inadequate modes of response such as being emotionally B. displacement
depressed or irritated, becoming neurotic, or becoming C. suppression
aggressive. D. projection
a. Coping mechanism 78. It is one of the simplest and most primitive of a person’s ego
b. Defense mechanism defenses. Material, facts, feelings and experiences that are
c. Fight/flight intolerable are disowned by the unconscious denial of their
d. Frustration Tolerance existence.
68. They identify first the problem, look for the most practical and a. Denial
handy way to solve it, and proceeded with the constructive b. Conversion
manner of utilizing the solution which will produce the best c. Repression
results. d. Sublimation
a. Direct approach 79. It is the process, unconscious, by which an individual patterns
b. Detour himself on another, perhaps by transferring to himself the
c. Substitution thoughts, behaviors and body language of the other person.
d. Developing feeling of inferiority a. Substitution
69. When an individual realizes that in finding for the right solution b. Identification
of the problem, he always end up with a negative outcome or c. Repression
result. Thus, he tries to change direction first and find out if the d. Sublimation
solution or remedy is there. 80. A person with strong sexual urges becomes an artist.
a. Direct approach a. Substitution
b. Detour b. Identification
c. Substitution c. Repression
d. Developing feeling of inferiority d. Sublimation

81. Substituting acceptable physical symptoms for unacceptable d. All of the above
emotions and feelings. 92. It is an academic and applied discipline involving the
For example, a student has a test and is nervous and afraid of phenomenological and scientific study of mental processes and
failing, develops nausea and vomiting. behavior.
a. Denial a. Psychology
b. Conversion b. Criminology
c. Repression c. Medicine
d. Sublimation d. Biology
82. An ego defense mechanism in which gratification of frustrated 93. It examines and evaluates prevention, intervention and
sexual desire in substitutive men sexual activities. treatment strategies that have been tried in reducing criminal
a. Rationalism behavior.
b. Sublimation a. Sociological criminology
c. Identification b. Psychiatric criminology
d. Reaction formation c. Forensic psychiatry
83. A person who is angry with a colleague actually ends up being d. Psychodynamic criminology
particularly courteous and friendly towards them. 94. It focuses on individual criminal behavior; this is also the
a. Rationalization science of the behavior and mental processes of the criminal
b. Sublimation a. Sociological criminology
c. Identification b. Psychiatric criminology
d. Reaction formation c. PSYCHOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY
84. A man who has been unkind to his wife buys her flowers (but d. Psychodynamic criminology
does not apologize). 95. DECEMBER 2017, This personality system controls the
a. Undoing gateway to action.
b. Introjection A. alter ego
c. Projection B. Id
d. Sublimation C. ego
85. I have to give a presentation but feel scared. I put on the hat D. Superego
of Abraham Lincoln and imagine I am confidently giving an 96. DECEMBER 2021, According to Sigmund Freud, which term
important address to the nation. refers to the instinctual drive towards aggression and violence?
a. Undoing A. ego ideal
b. Introjection B. Thanatos
c. Projection C. eros
d. Sublimation D. conscience
86. A child is threatened at school. They take on the strong- 97. DECEMBER 2017, He is known as the “Father of
defender attributes that they perceive in their father and push Psychoanalysis”.
away the bully. a. Tom Cruise
a. Undoing b. Gina Ferrero-Lombroso
b. Introjection c. Sigmund Freud
c. Projection d. Cesare Lombroso
d. Sublimation 98. Select an internal force of the psychoanalytic theory which
87. A policeman, who has to be very restricted in his professional states that all form the psychodynamic approach that views
behavior, develops hypertension. humans as biologically driven when they want it unless they are
a. Introjection held in check by internal and external force
b. Identification a. Behavior
c. Idealization b. Heredity - the passing on of physical or mental characteristics
d. Fantasy genetically from one generation to another.
e. Somatization - psychological problems turned into c. Conscience
physical symptoms d. Personality
88. It is a type of serial killers who kill in response to the 99. DECEMBER 2021, What internal processes are used to explain
commands of voices or visions usually emanating from the forces human behavior which social learning theorists place great
of good or evil. These offenders are often believed to be suffering emphasis on cognitive processes?
from some form of psychosis. A. Thinking and remembering
a. Thrill-oriented type B. Understanding and remembering
b. Lust killer C. Analyzing and understanding
c. Visionary motive type D. Creating and thinking
d. Mission-oriented type 100. It is a behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep
89. It is a type of serial killers who kill in response to the and results in walking or performing other complex behaviors
commands of voices or visions usually emanating from the forces while asleep.
of good or evil. These offenders are often believed to be suffering a. Somnolencia - s a state of strong desire for sleep, or
from some form of psychosis. sleeping for unusually long periods
a. Thrill-oriented type b. Narcolepsy
b. Lust killer c. Apnea
c. Visionary motive type d. Somnambulism
d. Mission-oriented type 101. A dream that contains a warning of impending disorder.
90. They are unable to respond effectively to emotional, social, a. Prophetic dream
intellectual and physical demands. They show ineptness, poor b. Paralysis dream
judgement, social instability and they lack physical and emotional c. Prodomic dream
stamina. d. Levitation dream
a. Anti-social personalities 102. It is where two stimuli are linked together to produce a new
b. Inadequate personalities learned response in a person or animal.
c. Paranoid schizophrenics a. Operant conditioning
d. Psychotic depressives b. Classical or respondent conditioning
91. It is the process of generating foresight or written information, c. All of the above
analyses and warnings of a future or possible event crisis d. Nota
management. 103. In learning, one must arouse interest; provides an objective.
a. Strategic situation awareness a. Motivation
b. Operational situation awareness b. Reinforcement
c. Tactical situation awareness c. Association

d. Regency 115. It is not common as major depression or even dysthymia and
104. People with this personality are preoccupied with orderliness, sometimes being referred to as an illness which is manic-
perfectionism and control. They are reliable, dependable, orderly depressive in nature.
and methodical, but their inflexibility makes them unable to adapt A. Bipolar disorder
to change. B. psychotic depression
a. Dependent personality C. endogenous depression
b. Passive-aggressive personality D. reactive depression
c. Obsessive-Compulsive personality 116. Which behavior is characterized by the attempts of
d. Avoidant personality committing suicide.
105. He would make love with the dead bodies of his male victims A. Maladaptive behavior
after killing them. He sedated them, strangled them to death, then B. psychosis
had sex with their lifeless bodies. C. somatoform disorder
a. Ted Bundy D. dissociative disorder
b. Dennis Andrew Nilsen 117. Stress is the consequence of the failure of a person to
c. Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer respond in any physical threats. The word was coined by Hans
d. Peter Sutcliffe Hugo Bruno Selye in:
106. It is characterized by non-satisfaction of one or both parent A. 1933 B. 1930
from the relationship that may express feeling of frustration. This C. 1932 D. 1935
is usually due to value differences as common sources of conflict 118. Moderate or normal psychological stress interpreted as being
and dissatisfaction. beneficial for the experiencer.
a. The inadequate family – financially unstable, without a. Stess
source of living b. Distress
b. The anti-social family – outcast, isolation for society c. Eustress
c. The discordant or disturbed family – living together but d. Acute stress
fights and not so in love with each other 119. It can be defined as as any event that strains or exceeds an
d. The disrupted family – broken home individual’s ability to cope.
107. Moderate mental retardation I.Q. id between 35 to 49: a. Stress
a. Subject is educable b. Distress
b. Subject is trainable c. Stressor
c. Subject is totally dependent d. Depression
d. Subject needs life support 120. This stage is where the body is unable to maintain normal
108. It may be driven by emotional arousal, often some form of function because of stress. The initial autonomic nervous system
frustration, or it may be instrumental, when it is used to secure a symptoms may reappear sweating, raised heart rate.
reward. a. Alarm
a. Anxiety b. Resistance
b. Depression c. Exhaustion
c. Aggression d. Distress
d. Stress 121. Presenting a sophisticated topic in front of your classmate
will fall on what specific type of stress.
109. It is when people feel depressed, have low self-esteem, and A. brief naturalistic stress
concentrate poorly most of the time-often for a period of years B. acute time
but their symptoms are milder than in major depression. C. short term stress
a. Dysthymia D. long term stress
b. Seasonal affective disorder 122. As to the types of long-term stress, this may have a long-
c. Bipolar disorder lasting effects on the emotional and mental health of the person.
d. Crisis A. Distant stress
B. distant stressor
110. A type of depression that takes a long time but with less C. chronic stress
depressive symptoms. D. stressful event sequence
A. major depressive disorder 123. Taking the licensure examination for criminologists. The
B. psychotic disorder statement best describes:
C. SAD A. brief naturalistic stress
D. dysthymia B. acute time
C. short term stress
111. Characterized by the onset of a depressive illness during the D. long term stress
winter months, when there is less natural sunlight and generally 124. People with this personality talk little, are given to
lifts during spring and summer. daydreaming, and prefer theoretical speculation to practical
a. Dysthymia action.
b. Seasonal affective disorder a. Paranoid personality
c. Bipolar disorder b. Schizoid personality
d. Crisis c. Schizotypal personality
112. This type of depression is defined as feeling depressed for d. Histrionic personality
no apparent reason. 125. It is characterized by interests directed toward the external
a. Situational Depression or Reactive Depression environment.
b. Bipolar Disorder a. Extroversion
c. Endogenous Depression b. Introversion
d. Agitated depression c. Ambiversion
113. The following are symptoms of depression, except: d. Neuroticism
A. suicide attempt 126. These are patterns of behavior that consciously or
B. have trouble on making decision unconsciously help people handle their anxieties and feel better
C. using illegal drugs and more comfortable with themselves.
D. feeling of guilt a. Mental mechanism
114. All of the following are not the causes of depression, except: b. Mental deficiencies
A. narcotics use c. Mental retardation
B. party d. Mental behavior
C. fair 127. People with this personality alternate between high-spirited
D. speech buoyancy and gloomy pessimism.
a. Cyclothymic personality

b. Passive-aggressive personality b. Identification
c. Obsessive-Compulsive personality c. Repression
d. Depressive personality d. Sublimation
128. It is characterized by inability to cope with the ordinary 139. It is serious personality disorder characterized by persistent
problems of family living. It lacks the resources, physical or antisocial violent behaviors, lack of empathy and remorse, and
psychological, for meeting the demands of the family satisfaction. bold, disinhibited, egotistical personality traits.
a. The inadequate family a. Neurosis
b. The anti-social family b. Psychosis
c. The discordant or disturbed family c. Psychopath
d. The disrupted family d. Psychoneurotic person
129. It refers to substantial limitations in present functioning. It 140. DECEMBER 2021, The following choices are general behavior
starts before age 18 and is characterized by significantly traits of a psychopath,
subaverage intellectual functioning. EXCEPT?__________.
a. Mental deficiency A. are prone to use of cold-blooded instrumental intimidation and
b. Mental retardation violence to satisfy their wants and needs
c. All of the above B. generally are contemptuous of social norms and the rights of
d. Nota others
130. It is having or claiming to have the power of seeing objects C. not motivated by thrill servicing and excitement
or actions beyond the range of natural vision. D. lack a normal sense of ethics and morality and live by their own
a. Telepathy roles
b. Clairvoyance 141. The behavior associated with the relation between sexes and
c. Precognition their respective reproductive organs.
d. Psychokinesis a. Heterosexuality
131. DECEMBER 2021, Which refers to self-focused attention b. Homosexuality
toward one’s thoughts and feeling? c. Sexuality
A. Depression d. Sexual deviancy
B. Frustration 142. A kind of sexual behavior that seeks stimulations and
C. Aggression gratification by means other than normal, heterosexual norms.
D. Rumination a. Heterosexuality
132. It is a viewpoint in the study of human behavior that focuses b. Homosexuality
on external activities that can be observed and measured. c. Sexuality
a. Neurological d. Sexual deviancy
b. Behavioral 143. It is the excessive sexual desire of men to intercourse.
c. Cognitive a. Satyriasis
d. Psychoanalytical b. Nymphomania
133. American psychologist and the founder of the behaviorism c. Oralism
school of psychology in the early 1900 emphasizing the scientific d. Sado-masochism
study of observable behaviors rather than subjective mental 144. the use of the mouth as a way of sexy gratification such as
processes. fellatio, cunnilingus and anilingus
a. Sigmund freud a. oralism
b. John b watson b. fetishism
c. john locke c. corpolalia
d. Pavlov d. coprophilia
134. It is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by chronic, 145. During this stage, the body slowly returns to its normal level
excessive attacks of drowsiness during the day, sometimes called of functioning, and swelled and erect body parts return to their
excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). previous size and color.
a. Insomnia a. Excitement
b. Narcolepsy b. Plateau
c. Apnea c. Orgasm
d. Somnambulism d. Resolution
135. These are class of personality types and behaviors defined 146. it is a classification of mental retardation where I.Q is under
as “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that 20 and capable at most of limited self-help.
deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the a. Profound
individual who exhibits it.” b. Severe
a. Psychogenic fugue state c. Moderate
b. Depersonalization d. Mild
c. Multiple personality 147. A psychological disorder in which a child shows
d. Personality disorder developmentally inappropriate impulsivity,
136. The observation that in crowds or groups, many people lose hyperactivity and lack of attention.
their sense of individuality, remove self-imposed controls, and a. psychotism
neutralize their internalized moral restraints. b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
a. Deindividualization c. neuroticism
b. Identification d. down syndrome
c. Repression 148. One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of
d. Sublimation childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts
137. it is an unconscious mental mechanism which is close to into adulthood.
rationalization. A person attributes or imputes to other people his a. psychotism
own intolerable and unacceptable feelings, wishes or thoughts. b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
a. Denial c. neuroticism
b. Conversion d. down syndrome
c. Projection 149. it is a type of serial killers who are very sadistic and kills for
d. Displacement excitement.
138. It is a type of defense mechanism in which unacceptable a. Thrill – oriented type
urges are transformed into more productive and acceptable b. Lust killer
behaviors. Those who work off sexual drives in athletic c. Visionary motive type
competition, or an angry housewife who scrubs the kitchen to d. Mission – oriented type
work off her temper are two examples.
a. Substitution

150. It is a form of sexual gratification characterized by the c. Prodomic dream
compulsive desire of a person to rub his sex organs against some d. Levitation dream
part of the body of another. 162. DECEMBER 2021, Which refers to a type of stalker perhaps
a. Sodomy considered as the most dangerous to the victim since it is often
b. Uranism motivated by the stalker’s determination that "If I can't have you,
c. Frottage nobody will”
d. Partialism A. Love obsession stalker
151. JUNE 2018 CLE, Sexual pleasure is achieved through using B. Simple obsession stalker
and saying shouting bad words while having sex called: C. Erotomania stalker
A. Coprophilia-unpleasant smell D. Vengeance stalker
B. Coprolalia = other term Scatologia 163. America's first forensic psychiatrist.
C. Bad words a. Sigmund freud
D. Coprophagia- eating human feces ( Ito lumabas noong b. Isaac Ray
December 2017 CLE) c. Philippe Pinel
152. June 2018 CLE, It is a sexual disorder characterized by the d. Nota
inability to achieve or maintain 164. Substituting acceptable physical symptoms for unacceptable
erection for a successful intercourse. emotions and feelings.
A. Erectile Insufficiency For example, a student has a test and is nervous and afraid of
B. Vaginismus failing, develops nausea and vomiting.
C. Pre-matured ejaculation = bilis mag explode a. Denial
D. Aspermia = a semen but no sperm cells b. Conversion
153. June 2018 CLE, It refers to an intangible feeling that seems c. Repression
to evade any effort to resolve it. d. Sublimation
A. Worry 165. An ego defense mechanism in which gratification of
B. Anxiety frustrated sexual desire in substitutive men sexual activities.
C. Panic a. Rationalism
D. Fear b. Sublimation
154. An emotional disorder portrayed through an excessive, c. Identification
irrational, and uncontrollable fear of a d. Reaction formation
perfectly natural situation or object. 166. It is defined as apprehension, tension, or uneasiness, from
a. Mania – desire anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or
b. Depression unrecognized.
c. Phobia a. Obsession
d. Apathy b. Anxiety
155. This term was given by Eugene Bleuler which literally mean c. Phobia
“splitting of minds”. 167. A person is made unconscious by the suggestive influences
a. Psychosis and thus he may commit criminal acts while under such condition
b. Catharsis which he may not otherwise be capable of doing:
c. Schizophrenia a. somnambulism
d. Dementia Praecox b. hypnotism
156. This refers to a significant loss of contact with reality. c. semisomnolence
a. split mind d. delirium
b. psychosis 168. Eric berne devised a method involving the study of
c. neurosisd. interaction between individuals. According to him a person who is
d. schizophrenia protective, idealistic, evaluative and righteous interacts in a ___
157. Is the result or product of interplay of biology, psychology, state
and culture, just is as normal personality. a. parent ego state
A. Schizophrenia b. adult ego state
B. psychoses c. child ego state
C. neurosis d. super ego
D. split mind 169. It is the feeling or impression created by a given stimulus or
158. DECEMBER 2021, Which refers to a condition when cause that leads to a particular reaction or behavior.
psychopaths demonstrate normal appraisal of emotional cause a. sensation
and situations in the abstract verbal discussion, but they are b. emotion
deficient in using emotional cues to guide their judgments and c. threshold
behavior in the process of living? d. perception
A. Emotional paradox 170. An introvert is one who likes to be alone, while an extrovert
B. Cerebral symmetry is one who likes to be with others. The third one is combination
C. Brain imbalance of the qualities of both introvert and the extrovert. He is an__
D. Hemisphere asymmetry a. introvert
159. “Manie sans delire” (madness without confusion) This was b. extrovert
the term used by Philippe Pinel c. ambivert
describing the personality that is characterized by an inability to d. pervert
learn from experience, lack of warmth, and no sense of guilt 171. It refers to all types of internal forces which may prevent a
better known as: person from committing a crime.
a. psychotic personality – “H.I.D.” A. Contact with reality
b. psychopathic personality B. Internal Inhibition
c. neurotic behavior – anxiety, depression, mania and phobia C. Need frustration
d. dementia praecox – schizophrenia D. Situational crime potential
160. It is characterized by incompleteness whether as a result of 172. The___ theory of criminality attributes delinquent that
death, divorce, separation or some other circumstances. criminal behavior to a conscience that is too overbearing or so
a. The inadequate family weak that it cannot control the individual’s impulse and the need
b. The anti-social family for immediate gratification.
c. The discordant or disturbed family a. biological
d. The disrupted family b. psychological
161. These are dreams that will happen in the future. c. ecological
a. Prophetic dream d. psychoanalytical
b. Paralysis dream 173. What is known as the highest needs of all?

a. self-actualization e. Menachem Amir
b. self-esteem 184. His notion that victims contributed to their victimization
c. love and belonginess through their actions and behaviors led to the development of the
c. criminologist concept of “Victim Blaming” and is seen by many victim advocates
174. An irrational fear which is fixed, intense, uncontrollable and as an attempt to assign equal culpability to the victim.
often has no reasonable foundation. a. Hans Von Hentig
a. phobia b. Benjamin Mendelsohn
b. anxiety c. Benjamin E. Wolfgang
c. compulsion d. Stephen Schafer
d. obsession e. Menachem Amir
175. A preoccupation with the bodily processes, and complaints 185. He classifies victims on the basis of their “functional
of specific and nonspecific aches and pains. Complains are out of responsibility”
portion to the actual condition of the person, with suffering being a. Hans Von Hentig
greatly exaggerated. For example, a headache is attributed to a b. Benjamin Mendelsohn
brain tumor and eruption of the skin is attributed to some c. Benjamin E. Wolfgang
incurable diseases: d. Stephen Schafer
a. depression e. Menachem Amir
b. amnesia 186. Routine activities theory assumes that three thing must be
c. stress in place in order for a crime to occur. What are these three
d. hypochondriasis factors?
176. It involve sexual arousal in response to unusual stimuli such a. motivated offender: presence of suitable targets , presence of
as children or other non-consenting person, non-human objects, capable guardian
or pain or humiliation. It is also described as atypical pattern of b motivated offender, present of suitable target, presence of
sexual behavior that become problematic in the eyes of the capable guardian
individual or the society. c. presence of motivated offender, presence of suitable target,
a. nymphomania absence of capable guardian
b. satyriasis d. absence of motivated offender, presence of suitable target,
c. paraphilia absence of capable guardian
d. Kamasutra 187. Views that at the interpersonal level, crime and victimization
177. Refers to the standard of behavior or conduct accepted in a is a contest of character.
given society which expected of an individual living in that society. a. Situated Transaction Model (Luckenbill)
a. culture b. Benjamin & Master’s Threefold Model
b. principle c. Lawrence Cohen & Marcus Felson’s (1979) Routine
c. norms Activities Theory
d. lex scripta d. Nota
178. This refers to the acquisition of criminal behavior from 188. Victimology includes all of the following except.
generation to another in which children have no choice but to a. calculating the actual cost of crime to victims
adopt the criminal behavior b. designing services for crime victims
a. social disorganization c. calculating probabilities of victimization
b. cultural conflict d. calculating probabilities of becoming an offender.
c. hereditary 189. It is a type of victim are those who are weak by virtue of age
d. cultural transmission and immaturity
179. Kardo, a person working in funeral parlor, dreams of having a. young
sexual intercourse with a corpse. What type of sexual deviation b. old
did he commit? c. female
a. necrophilia d. mentally defective
b. pedophilia Von Hentig’s Classes of Victim
c. besto-sexual a) The Young
d. none b) The Female
180. This term used by Philippe Pinel describing the personality c) The Old
that is characterized by an inability to learn from experience, lack d) The mentally Defective
of warmth, and no sense of guilt better known as e) The immigrant
a. manie san delire f) The Minorities
b. madness without confusion Mendelsohn’s Type Of Victim
c. psychopathic personality a) Innocent
d. all of the above b) Victim with only minor guilt
181. A branch of criminology which deals with the study of c) Victim who is just as guilty as the offenders
individual who, somehow one way or another has contributed to d) The victim guiltier than the offender
the commission of the crime . e) The most guilty victim
a. criminology f) The imaginary victim
b. victimology 190. He investigated victim precipitation for the first time he found
c. etiology out that 26% of homicide were precipitated by the victim .
d. penology a. benjamin mendelsohn
182. This shifted attention from the role of the victim toward an b. marvin wolfgang
emphasis on a situation approach that focuses on explaining and c. von hentig
testing how lifestyles and routine activities of everyday life create d. benjamin alves
opportunities for victimization. 191. Is generally used for childhood recurring victimization, when
a. First Generation: Early Criminologist a person has experienced multiple forms of victimization (during
b. Second Generation: Theories Of Victimization the same developmental period)
c. Third Generation a. poly-victimization
d. FOURTH GENERATION: Moving Beyond b. repeated victimization
183. The first empirical evidence to support the notion that victims c. precipitatiom
are to some degree responsible for their own victimization was d. victimization
presented by him. 192. A person is victimized more than once by any type of
a. Hans Von Hentig victimization, but across long span of time .
b. Benjamin Mendelsohn a. recurring victimization
c. Benjamin E. Wolfgang b. revictimization
d. Stephen Schafer c. repeat victimization

d. none of these a. suitable target
193. Occurs when a person or place is victimized more than once b. motivated offender
by the same type of victimization c. absence of capable guardian.
a. recurring victimization d. none of these
b. revictimization 206. The victim instigated a conflict but is killed in self- defense.
c. repeat victimization An example would be an abused woman killing her partner while
d. none of these he is abusing her.
194. Occurs when a person or place is victimized more than once a. imaginary victim
of any type of victimization b. innocent victim
a. recurring victimization c. guilty victim
b. revictimization d. victim with minor guilt
c. repeat victimization 207. It is a type of victim which he is the Primary abusers in
d. none of these relationships become victims when the one being abused turns on
195. Occurs when a victim makes it, unintentionally so, easier for them.
an offender to commit a crime a. depressive
a. victim precipitation b. acquisitive
b. victim facilitation c. loners
c. victim provocation d. tormentor
d. victimology 208. this theory argues that maintaining and monitoring urban
196. occurs when a person actually does something that incites environments policing low-level offenses can prevent more
another person to commit an illegal act serious crimes.
a. victim precipitation a. broken window theory
b. victim facilitation b. life style
c. victim provocation c. deviant place
d. victimology d. victimology
197. Certain lifestyles or behaviors place people in situations in 209. It is a term that describes the relationship between the victim
which victimization is likely to occur and the criminal
a. deviant place a. couple
b. broken window theory b. penal couple
c. lifestyle theory c. twin
d. none of these d. victim
198. The more frequently a person comes into contact with 210. Is a form of community-based or restorative justice in which
persons in demographic groups with likely offenders, the more the crime victims meet with the defendant after conviction to tell
likely it is the person will be victimized the convict about how the criminal activity affected them in the
a. Principle of homogamy hope of rehabilitation or deterrence.
b. principle of logomacy a. Victimization panel
c. principle of victimization b. Victim impact panel
d. none of these c. Victim and offender panel
199. This theory proposes that the amount of control that people d. Crime impact panel
possess over others and the amount of control to which one is 211. Conceived as means by which a person or target can be
subject factor into their risk of engaging in deviancy. effectively guarded to prevent a Victimization from occurring
a. deviant place a. suitable target
b. broken window b. motivated offender
c. control balance theory c. absence of capable guardian.
d. victimization d. none of these
200. Marriage employment can aid people in moving out of a life 212. It resembles amnesia in that there is a loss of memory but
of delinquency and crime as they emerge into young adulthood. the loss is so complete that the individuals cannot remember his
a. age-graded theory or her identity or previous life.
b. control balance a. Psychogenic fugue state
c. deviant place b. Depersonalization
d. broken window c. Multiple personality
201. Characteristics such as poor, densely populated, bad d. Personality disorder
neighborhoods, social disorganization 213. It refers to the study of the role of the victim in the
(Opportunity) commission of a crime.
a. life style theory a. criminal victim
b. broken window b. criminal psychiatry
c. deviant place c. victimless crime
d. victimology d. victimology
202. Victimization can decrease subsequent offending, because 214. This victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is
not all victimization leads to retaliatory behavior. Victimization physical, psychological, and economic losses.
experience can serve as a turning point for some offenders A. Elementary Crime Victim
a. Victim-Rationality Perspective B. Primary Crime Victim
b. offender rationality perspective C. Secondary Crime Victim
c. rational perspective D. Tertiary Crime Victims
d. none of these 215. Refers to a type of victim attacked from the target of his or
203. Examines the development of and desistance from offending her abuse, such as with battered women.
and other behaviors over time. A. Depressive Type
a. social interactionist perspective B. Greedy Type
b. life-course perspective C. Tormentor Type
c. control deficit D. Wanton Type
d. none of these 216. They experience the harm next hand, such as intimate
204. Looks at gender and patriarchy; says that women are more partners or significant others of rape victims or children of the
likely to be victimized; looks at female victim- blaming battered woman.
a. feminist victimology A. Elementary Crime Victim
b. critical victimology B. Primary Crime Victim
c. Cultural theory C. Secondary Crime Victim - related sa Victim
d. Socio-structural theory D. Tertiary Crime Victim -not related sa victim
205. People who will commit crime if given an opportunity

217. They experience the harm vicariously, such as through media c. Preparation
account of from watching television. d. Performance
A. Elementary Crime Victims PHASES OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT
B. Primary Crime Victim PRO-ACTIVE PHASES
C. Secondary Crime Victim PREDICTION
D. Tertiary Crime Victims Update
218. A landlady inadvertently left her bunch of keys on the dining Events
table and one of the boarders spotted it, picked it up and started PREVENTION
to open the master’s bedroom and took considerable pieces of Operation Security
jewelry. What is the shared responsibility of the landlady in this Personal Security
instance? PREPARATION
a. Victim facilitation – the victim helped the criminal to make the Planning
crime successful Training
b. Victim provocation Equipment
c. Victim precipitation – the victim provokes the person to commit THE REACTIVE PHASE
crime PERFORMANCE
d. Victim facilitator The Initial Action
219. This form of victimization is a result of one’s own hand, or Negotiation
as a result of one’s own action. Tactical Action
a. Auto victimization – self-victimization The Action Stage
b. Criminal victimization – victimized by a criminal person The Post Action Stage
c. Non-criminal victimization – “accident” PREDICTION - The first stage of anticipating future crisis
d. industrial victimization – “by virtue of work” occurrences through the following;
220. It is easily duped because his or her motivation for easy gain Update- Intelligence – involves the collection of
lowers his or her natural tendency to be suspicious. information from variety of sources as basis of actions and plan;
a. Greedy Type those that are related to crisis management contingency planning.
b. Depressive Type – careless Events – are those incidents that are already passed
c. Wanton Type – easy to feel trauma which can facilitate analysis necessary for identification of
d. Tormentor Type – battered wife probable threat groups, targets and necessary for advance
221. Refers to a type of victim attacked from the target of his or planning.
her abuse, such as with battered Threat Analysis of Threat Groups
women. a. Political Terrorist
a. Depressive Type b. Criminals
b. Greedy Type c. Mentally Deranged Individuals
c. Tormentor Type d. Religious Extremists
d. Wanton Type e. Economically-motivated Groups/Individuals
222. This victim directly suffers the harm or injury which is
physical, psychological, and economic losses. PREVENTION - This pro-active phase considers counter
a. Elementary Crime Victim measures as part of the total system of operation. Such counter
b. Primary Crime Victim measures involves the following;
c. Secondary Crime Victim – family Operation Security
d. Tertiary Crime Victims – public Personal Security
223. They experience the harm next hand, such as intimate a. Rank and Risk
partners or significant others of rape victims or children of the b. Threat Level (Potential Threats)
battered woman. a. Primary targets
a. A. Elementary Crime Victim b. Secondary targets
b. Primary Crime Victim c. Randomly selected targets
c. Secondary Crime Victim PREPARATION – this pro-active phase involves organizing
d. Tertiary Crime Victim training and equipment personnel of the organization. In general,
224. They experience the harm vicariously, such as through media military commanders and officers of the PNP must organize, train
account of from watching television. and equip special reaction, security and negotiation elements and
a. Elementary Crime Victims provide their immediate activation when the need arises.
b. Primary Crime Victim NCCM – National Committee on Crisis Management
c. Secondary Crime Victim Serves as the umbrella organization for crisis
d. Tertiary Crime Victims management. The primary concern is the formulation of crisis
225. This is the stage where victim formulates psychological management policies, integration of mil/pol to public efforts
defenses and deals with conflicting emotions towards the prevention and control of crisis. It is composed by:
a. Stage of impact and disorganization 1. PAFSECOM – Philippine Air Force Security Command
b. Stage of recoil 2. PNSWG – Philippine Navy Special Welfare Group
c. Reorganization stage 3. PASAG – Philippine Army Special Action Group
d. Behavioral outcome 4. PNPSAG – Philippine National Police Special Action
Group
IV. DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CRISIS / RCAG – Regional Crisis Action Group
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
1. it is a sudden condition or state of affairs calling for immediate 3. It is a forward planning process in a state of uncertainty, in
action. which scenarios and objectives are agreed, managerial and
a. Crisis technical actions are defined, and potential response systems put
b. Emergency in place in order to prevent or better respond to an emergency or
c. Disaster critical situation.
d. Conflict a. Contingency planning
b. Coordination
2. This stage of the proactive phase of crisis management involves c. Courses of action
foretelling of the likelihood of crisis occurring either natural or d. Crisis
man made through the continuous assessment of all the possible 4. It involves plans and institutional arrangement to engage and
threats and the threat groups, as well as the continuous guide the efforts of the government, non-government, voluntary
monitoring and analysis of the confluence of related events. and private agencies in comprehensive and coordinated ways to
a. Prediction respond to the entire spectrum of crisis needs.
b. Prevention a. Crisis management framework

b. Crisis management d. All of the above
c. Disaster risk reduction management 15. Is a phase of hostage situation which is the safest for the
d. Risk assessment hostage since the situation has had a chance to stabilized.
5. It is the preparation and delivering of clear, accurate and a. Capture phase
understandable information on the risk to the stakeholders and b. Transportation phase
the public; essential for informing the public of preventive c. Holding phase
measures that are available to minimize the risk of exposure in a d. Termination phase
clear and rapid manner. 16. The following procedure shall be followed during a hostage
a. Risk Assessment situation, except one;
b. Risk Communicate a. Crisis management task group shall be activated after
c. Situation Awareness a while;
d. Technical Assistance b. Incident scene shall be secured and isolated;
6. it is a component of the proactive phase of the 5 P’s crisis c. Unauthorized person shall not be allowed entry and exit
management which is a deliberate action aimed at avoiding future to incident scene;
harm by addressing its causes. d. Witnesses’ names, addresses and other information
a. Predict shall be recorded. Witnesses shall be directed to a safe location.
b. Prevent 17. It is the use of the communication techniques and strategies
c. Prepare to influence a person to change his / her behavior in accordance
d. Perform with goals within legal, ethical and moral constraints.
7. It is a component of the 5 P’s crisis management which begins a. Crisis intervention
with the crisis has been addressed and the situation is deemed b. Crisis negotiation
clear. It is in this phase where the organization is returning to c. Hot debrief
business as usual. d. Intermediary
a. Post action and assessment 18. How many ground commander or on-scene commander
b. Prevent should be there during a hostage situation?
c. Prepare a. One
d. Perform b. Two
8. It is a criminal act that influences an audience beyond the c. Three
immediate victim. d. Four
a. Terrorism 19. He is the senior officer in command of the incident.
b. Hostage taking a. Intermediary
c. Rape b. Kidnappers
d. Malicious mischief c. Incident commander
9. It is an emergency or a threatening condition that requires d. Inside agent
urgent action or responds. 20. They shall be alerted for deployment in case the negotiation
a. Exercises fails during a hostage situation.
b. Hazards a. Assault team
c. Human-induced threats b. Support personnel
d. Crisis c. Ground commander
10. It is a component of the proactive phase of the 5 P’s crisis d. Mediator
management which attempts to remove uncertainty from the 21. It is a process in which two or more persons, groups or entities
future. with conflicting interests voluntarily engage in a dialogue or
a. Predict discussion in order to arrive at an agreement that will benefit all
b. Prevent the parties concerned.
c. Prepare a. Negotiation
d. Perform b. Crisis management
11. Are those in which the concerns of two people appear to be c. Tactical interrogation
incompatible. d. Crisis intervention
a. Conflict 22. It is a plan during a hostage situation which should be drawn
b. Conflict situations up in a way that the hostages’ lives will not be jeopardized.
c. Dispute a. Delivery plan
d. Problem b. Surrender plan
12. It is moderate in both assertiveness and cooperativeness. The c. Hostage reception
objective is to find some expedient, mutually acceptable solution d. Collection plan
that partially satisfies both parties. It falls intermediate between 23. It is a stage in negotiation in a hostage situation wherein the
competing and accommodating. negotiator establishes rapport.
a. Avoiding a. The preliminary stage
b. Competing b. The opening stage
c. Accommodating c. The exploratory stage
d. Collaborating d. The conclusion or the closing stage
e. Compromising 24. It is known as a ‘Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
13. The objectives in this phase of crisis management are: to Management Act of 2010’.
ensure a high probability of success in neutralizing the a. PD 1566
preparatory; to minimize or cushion the adverse effect of the crisis b. RA 10121
incidents; and to ensure a smooth and speedy rehabilitation or c. EO 137
return to normalcy. d. RA 9121
a. The Proactive phase 25. It is an exchange of information to inform an integrate,
b. The reactive phase synchronize and de-conflict operations. It is not necessarily a
c. All of the above process of gaining approval but is most often used for mutual
d. Nota exchange of information
14. It is the process of generating written information, analyses a. Contingency planning
and warnings of an identified threats shortly before a crisis occurs, b. Coordination
to eliminate or disrupt an outbreak; during the crisis, in preparing c. Courses of action
and performing crisis action plans, and post crisis, to reduce d. Crisis communication
escalation or resurgence and ensure speedy rehabilitation. 26. It is the ability to identify, detect and anticipate incidents or
a. Strategic situation awareness risk that can turn into a crisis; should be done throughout the
b. Operational situation awareness phases and stages of the crisis management framework.
c. Tactical situation awareness a. Risk Assessment

b. Risk Communicate 39. It is a plan during a hostage situation resorted to when the
c. Situation Awareness hostage takers change plans in the middle of the execution.
d. Technical Assistance a. Delivery plan
27. a negotiator who actually communicates with the hostage b. Surrender plan
taker. c. Hostage reception
a. Primary Negotiator d. Collection plan
b. Secondary Negotiator 40. He will act as a referee in a hostage situation.
c. Intelligence Liaison/Recorder a. Assault team
d. Negotiation Team Leader b. Support personnel
28. A situation which blocks the individual’s motivated behavior. c. Ground commander
a. Crisis d. Mediator
b. Conflict 41. It is a short debriefing conducted by negotiating team prior to
c. Frustration turnover to another set of negotiating team.
d. Motivation a. Hostage taking
29. He advises the incident / on-scene commander on the best b. Hot debrief
negotiating strategies and coordinates the process with the SWAT c. Intermediary
and the forward command resources. d. Crisis intervention
a. Primary Negotiator 42. It means to communicate on a matter of disagreement
b. Secondary Negotiator between two parties with a view to first listen to the other party’s
c. Intelligence Liaison/Recorder perspective and then attempt to arrive at a resolution agreed by
d. Negotiation Team Leader consensus.
30. It is a phenomenon that can caused damage to life and a. Pay off
property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of b. Negotiation
people. c. Stockholm syndrome
a. Disaster d. Tactical interrogation
b. Emergency 43. It refers to the act of questioning or eliciting information from
c. Crisis a suspect to produce information of tactical or operational value.
d. Conflict a. Negotiation
31. It is any event that is, or expected to lead to, an unstable and b. Tactical interrogation
dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community or c. Crisis intervention
whole society. d. Intermediary
a. Disaster 44. The keyword in any negotiation is _______?
b. Emergency a. Argument
c. Crisis b. Promise
d. Conflict c. Compromise
32. It is the action by which an organization deals/handles with a d. Agreement
major event that threatens to harm the organization, its 45. It is a stage in negotiation in a hostage negotiation wherein
stakeholders or the general public. the negotiator identifies the other parties underlying demands and
a. Crisis needs through active listening and probing through asking
b. Crisis management questions.
c. Conflict management a. Preliminary stage
d. Management b. Opening stage
33. It declares July as “National Disaster Consciousness Month”. c. Exploratory stage
a. PD 1566 d. Conclusion stage
b. RA10121 46. It is a stage in negotiation in a hostage situation that the
c. EO 137 negotiator ensure that what has been agreed upon is enacted or
d. EO 209 implemented as planned using the appropriate form such as a
34. The on-scene commander, during a hostage situation, shall, contact or a memorandum of agreement.
upon the assessment of situation prepare necessary plans to a. Preliminary stage
include: b. Opening stage
a. Surrender Plan c. Exploratory stage
b. Collection Plan d. Conclusion stage
c. Delivery Plan 47. Negotiation should be conducted preliminary for the following
d. All of the above objectives:
35. He is the substitute of the fourth negotiator. a. The safe release of the hostage
a. Board negotiator b. The safe handover of the perpetrators
b. Secondary negotiator c. Arrest of the perpetrators
c. Intelligence liaison / recorder d. All of the above
d. Negotiation team leader 48. He provides a communication link between the negotiators
36. It is a plan during a hostage situation wherein the safety of and the remainder of the police command structure.
the police personnel involved is the priority consideration. a. Board negotiator
a. Delivery plan b. Secondary negotiator
b. Surrender plan c. Intelligence liaison/recorder
c. Hostage reception d. Negotiation team leader
d. Collection plan 49. It is a close and harmonious relationship in which the people
37. What are the aspects of Stockholm Syndrome? concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and
a. Positive feeling of the hostages towards the hostage communicate.
takers a. Empathy
b. Negative feeling of the victims towards the authorities b. Building rapport
c. Positive feeling of the hostage takers towards the victim c. Influence
d. All of the above d. Sympathy
38. During a hostage situation, the negotiation team is directly 50. It is known as “Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004”.
under control and supervision of whom? a. RA 9825
a. Ground commander b. RA 9528
b. President c. RA 9205
c. Chief of PNP d. RA 9285
d. Assault team 51. Person who will involve both parties in a proceeding of ADR.
It is usually in the first stage of the proceedings?

A. Mediator 65. It is a process whereby the judge employs conciliation,
B. Arbitrator mediation or early neutral evaluation in order to settle a case at
C. Concillator the pretrial stage.
D. None of these a. Judicial dispute resolution
52. Dispute Resolution orginated in what country? b. Court annexed mediation
A. USA c. Pretrial
B. ENGLAND d. Hearing
C. ITALY 66. When should the court refer the parties for mandatory court-
D. None of these annexed mediation?
53. The chinese form of dispute resolution is based on the ethics a. After pre-trial
made by? b. Before pre-trial
A. Mao Tse Dong c. During pre-trial
B. Hu wei dong d. During hearing
C. Xi Jin Ping 67. The period for court-annexed mediation shall not
D. None of these exceed_____ calendar days without further extension.
54. this to engage in an argument or debate with persistence.? a. 20
A. Dispute b. 30
B. Dispute Resolution c. 40
C. Alternative Dispute Resolution d. 60
D. None of these 68. The judicial dispute resolution shall be conducted within a
55.The following are the advantages of ADR, except? non-extendible period of ____ calendar days from notice of failure
A. It is cheaper of the court-annexed mediation.
B. The resolution is not faster a. 10
C. offers greater involvement b. 5
D. None of these c. 15
56. Its goal is to render a peaceful resolution in dispute. d. 30
A. Mediation 69. It means institutions or persons accredited as mediator,
B. Arbitration conciliator, arbitrator, neutral evaluator, or any person exercising
C. Litigation similar functions in any alternative dispute resolution system.
D. None of these a. Non-government organization
57. The decision of judge in this stage is obligatory to both parties b. Judiciary
a. Facilatate Resolution Stage c. International party
b. Preventive and Cooperation Stage d. ADR provider
c. Dispute De- Escalation Control and Real Time 70. It means to sign, execute or adopt a symbol, or encrypt a
Resolution Stage record in whole or in part, intended to identity the authenticating
d. Binding Resolution Stage party and to adopt, accept or establish the authenticity of a record
58.This can be considered in the Arbitration Process. It will a or term.
combination of techniques to achieve mutually accepted a. Authenticate
resolution? b. Record
A. Preventive and Cooperative Stage c. Verify
B. Dispute De-escalation Control and Real Time Resolution Stage d. Award
C. Facillitate Resolution Stage 71. It means the person appointed to render an award, alone or
D. None of these with others, in a dispute that is the subject of an arbitration
59. The venue for the Binding Resolution Stage? agreement.
A. Good Office a. Mediator
B. ADR office b. Mediation parties
C. Court c. Judge
D. None of these d. Arbitrator
60.Usually conducted during AMICABLE SETTLEMENT? 72. It means mediation ordered by a court to be conducted in
A. Mediation accordance with the agreement of the parties when as action is
B. Arbitration prematurely commenced in violation of such agreement.
C. Concillation a. Court-referred mediation
D. None of these b. Court-annexed mediation
61. this is where both parties need to present by a lawyer similar c. Arbitration
to the Pre Trial in the rules of Criminal Procedures? d. Trial
A. Early Neutral Evaluation 73. It means an alternative dispute resolution process wherein
B. Concillation parties and their lawyers are brought together early in a pre-trial
C. Mini Trial phase to present summaries of their cases and receive a
D. None of these nonbinding assessment by an experienced, neutral person, with
62. the mini trial follows what type of proceeding? expertise in the subject in the substance of the dispute.
A. civil case proceedings a. Arbitration
B. criminal case b. Mini-trial
C. summary proceedings c. Early neutral evaluation
D. None of these d. Mediation
63.It is also responsible to provide logistical support to parties 74. It means a structured dispute resolution method in which the
come into consultation? merits of a case are argued before a panel comprising senior
A. OADR decision makers with or without the presence of a neutral third
B. DOJ person after which the parties seek a negotiated settlement.
C. Lupon Tagapamayapa a. Trial
D. None of these b. Hearing
64. it is a voluntary process conducted under the auspices of the c. Promulgation
court by referring the parties to the Philippine Mediation Center d. Mini-trial
Unit for the settlement of their dispute assisted by a mediator 75. Information obtained through mediation shall be privileged
accredited by the supreme court and ____.
a. Judicial dispute resolution a. Public knowledge
b. Court annexed mediation b. Confidential
c. Pretrial c. Part of public record
d. Hearing d. Known

76. Where to conduct mediation? c. not need
a. Philippine Mediation Center d. optional
b. Court
c. Place agreed by the parties 89. No public assembly with a permit shall be dispersed.
d. Barangay hall a. true
77. It is known as “the arbitration law”. b. false
a. RA 867 c. maybe
b. RA 786 d. it depends
c. RA 876 90. It refers to the dismantling by the Local Government Unit
d. RA 687 (LGU), any legally authorized agency or personnel of the
78. No person appointed to served as an arbitrator shall be related government of all the structures within the premises subject for
by blood or marriage within the ____ degree to either party to the clearing.
controversy. a. demolition
a. Third b. eviction
b. Fourth c. coercion
c. Fifth d. all of these
d. Sixth 91. Notice upon the affected persons or entities at least ___days
79. This is necessary because the original report may or may not prior to the date of eviction or demolition
be the actual situation. In doing so the first responder and the a. 15
negotiator should gather as much cursory information as possible b. 20
a. isolation c. 25
b. containment d. 30
c. evaluation 92. Any party to the dispute may, within ___________days from
d. reporting the date of the settlement, repudiate the same by filing with the
80. this means that the hostage takers mobility should be confined lupon chairman a statement to that effect sworn to before him,
to the smallest location in the building or exterior area and deny where the consent is vitiated by fraud, violence, or intimidation.
the Opportunity to observe the a. Within 5 days
police activities b. Within 10 days
a. isolation c. Within 15 days
b. containment d. Within 3 days
c. evaluating 93. An arbitration award may be enforced by execution by the
d. reporting Lupon _______from the date of the settlement.
81. This is the term for the standard communication system linked a. Within 1 month
to a hardline system connected to the hostage phone system b. within six (6) months
a. cellphone c. within 9 months
b. satellite d. within 12 months
c. throw phone 94. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator should not
d. walkie – talkie a. give his name
82. It is the body of men created to settle dispute within barangay b. give his rank and designation
level c. give in to all demands
a. barangay tanod d. look friendly or accommodating
b. chief tanod 95. The most important consideration in a hostage taking situation
c. pangkat tagapagkasundo is
d. lupon tagapamayapa a. protection of life
83. Who is the father of ADR here in the Philippines? b. media coverage
A. Teodulo Natividad c. protection of property
B. Ferdinand Marcos d. capture of the hostage taker
C. Fred Castro 96. the highest ranking field commander should not also be the
D. None of these chief negotiator because of___
84. Failure to agree on the terms and conditions of the Collective a. hostage takers will be afraid
Bargaining Agreement between the management and the union. b. he is not authorized to grant concessions
a. strike c. conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker
b. picketing d. hostage taker will not trust him
c. lock outs 97. These are priorities in a hostage taking situation EXCEPT,
d. bargaining dreadlock a. Preservation of life
85. One where the workers stop working but do not leave their b. Arrest of hostage taker
place of work. c. recover and protect property
a. wild-cat strike d. involve the media
b. unfair labor practice 98. “Persons in crisis” are those hostage takers who take
c. economic strike hostages:
d. sit down strike a. by reason of mental illness
86. Declared and staged without filing the required notice of strike b. by reason of prolonged frustration, despair and problems
and without the majority approval of the recognized bargaining c. for personal reason
agent. d. because of political and ideological belief
a. wild-cat strike 99. In hostage situation, non-verbal communication which
b. unfair labor practice indicates openness and willingness to listen can be shown by :
c. economic strike a. a posture of folded arms in a dominant position
d. sit down strike b. calmly repeating words of comfort and assurance
87. As a general rule can the CDM use tear gas, smoke grenade c. by not attempting to to trick or lie
or water cannon in dealing with the demonstrator? d. keeping in arm open and with a gesture that you are willing to
a. yes negotiate
b. no 100. It is a type of crisis which the person deprived basic
c. true necessities of life like food and material things.
d. false a. physical crisis
88. Public assemblies held in freedom parks or on private property b. emotional crisis
_____ a permit for the activity. c. economic crisis
a. need d. moral crisis
b. mandatory 101. It is known as the katarungang pambarangay.

A. R.A 8177 112. Jojo involved in fistfight with his classmate Jaja in their
B. R.A 10630 school. The latter got a hematoma on his right eye. If you are
C. R.A 7160 Jojo, where would you bring this issue to file a complaint?
D. P.D 1508 a. Bgy. Masaya
102. Who heads the Lupon Tagapamayapa as prescribed in b. Bgy. Malungkot
Republic Act 7160? c. Bgy. Masaya na siya sa iba
A. Barangay Chairman d. Bgy. Malungkot kasi wala na siya
B. District Representative e. Nota
C. City Mayor 113. The chairman of the pangkat tagapagkasundo.
D. Provincial Governor a. Chairman
103. What is known to be the oldest but commonly used terrorist b. Secretary
tactic where target are often police, military officials or political c. Kagawad
features? d. Sk chairman
A. Hijacking e. Nota
B. Assassination 114. Who is the chairman of Crisis Management Committee?
C. Ambush A. Sec of DILG
D. bombing B. Chief, PNP
104. This is a type of person that displays attention-seeking C. Mayor
behavior. Hostage taking is his action to prove himself or his D. None of these
worth. 115. Who is the father of ADR here in the Philippines?
a. adequate personality A. Teodulo Natividad
b. inadequate personality B. Ferdinand Marcos
c. anti social personality C. Fred Castro
d. none D. None of these
105. Some assassinations have been committed for a monetary 116. This can be considered in the Arbitration Process. It will a
reward. There is frequently a distinct difference between the basic combination of techniques to achieve mutually accepted
causes of an assassination and the motives given by the resolution?
assassins. A. Preventive and Cooperative Stage
a. mercenary causes B. Dispute De-escalation Control and Real Time Resolution Stage
b. revolutionary C. Facillitate Resolution Stage
c. personal causes D. None of these
d. emotional causes 117. It is a method whereby an organized group or party seeks
106. Some assassinations are motivated by beliefs that the to achieve its avowed aims chiefly through the systematic use of
intending victim is impairing the principle of the assassin and his violence.
associates. A. conventional warfare
a. economic causes B. insurrection
b. revolutionary causes C. terrorism
c. ideological causes D. insurgency
107. It is a natural disagreement arising between two or more
people. It exists when they have incompatible goals and one or 118. The calculated use of violence or threat of violence to attain
more believe that the behavior of the other prevents them from political, religious or ideological goals by instilling fear or using
their own goal achievement. intimidation or coercion.
a. problem A. Crisis
b. conflict B. Strike
c. misunderstanding C. Crime
d. settlement D. Terrorism
108. It is the body of men created to settle disputes within the 119. It provides damage assessment need analysis.
barangay level A. Consequence Management Group
a. barangay tanod B. Public Affairs Group
b. pangkat tagapagkasundo C. Negotiation Group
c. barangay council D. None of these
d. lupon tagapamayapa 120. It is the immediate area of containment as designated by the
109. A 56-year-old former military personnel take hostages at the on-ground commander
local bank involving (10) bank employees, (4) senior citizen, (7) a. Inner Perimeter
clients and (1) child. Hours later the hostage taker releases his b. Outer Perimeter - is a secondary control area
hostages one by one and set them all free. According to one of surrounding the inner perimeter, providing a safe zone for access
the hostages, the suspect developed sympathy to the hostages. to the inner perimeter.
This scenario can be described as. c. Command Post
a. Stockholm syndrome d. Nota
b. London syndrome 121. This component is responsible for maintaining perimeter
c. Lima syndrome control both inner and outer. Also called containment sub-team.
d. Cold Turkey Syndrome a. First Component
110. In Stockholm syndrome, some of the causes why a hostage b. Second Component
becomes cooperative with the hostage taker is due to c. Third Component
a. selfishness d. Nota
b. personal grudge 122. a response in which the negotiator mirrors back to the
c. personal affection hostage taker the emotions of the hostage taker in
d. personal interest communicating, the negotiator repeats the last word or phrase.
111. Jojo from bgy. Masaya was a victim of scam by Jaja who is a. Open-Ended Questions/Statements
residing in bgy. Malungkot. The former wanted to file a complaint. b. Effective Pauses
Where he should file ? c. Minimal Encouragement
a. Bgy. Masaya d. Mirroring (Reflecting Feelings)
b. Bgy. Malungkot 123. a response in which negotiator let the hostage taker know
c. Bgy. Masaya na siya sa iba he understands the facts and the feelings the hostage taker is
d. Bgy. Malungkot kasi wala na siya communicating. The use of emotionally descriptive words to show
e. Nota that the negotiator understands the feelings the subject is
experiencing.
a. Emotional Labeling (Reflecting Meaning)

b. I-Messages a. Floor plan
c. Summative Reflections b. Bomb threat plan
d. Paraphrasing c. Drill – dry run / practice
124. The ex-hostage may shake uncontrollably, experiencing d. Contingency plan – emergency plain during disaster
unexplained 133. It means DELAY in hostage drama-\
fear. a. Time management
a. Emotional Aftereffects b. STALE TIME
b. Cognitive Aftereffects c. Be a caller
c. Behavioral Aftereffects d. Never say No to HT
d. Physical Aftereffects 134. Best communication tool or equipment used in hostage
125. Statements from hostage takers such as “if only I had done situation.
so and so I wouldn’t have been captured”, are commonly heard. a. Telephone
a. Emotional Aftereffects b. Walkie talkie
b. Cognitive Aftereffects c. Messenger
c. Behavioral Aftereffects d. Viber
d. Physical Aftereffects 135. The one who makes complete estimate of the crisis situation
126. this includes social and self-isolation, uncontrollable crying, and plans his courses of actions upon arrival at the incident area
and increase or decrease in aggression, poor concentration, while negotiation is in progress is the
intrusive thoughts, trouble with authority figures, an increase A. Chief Negotiator
startle response and alcohol and drug abuse. B. Tactical Commander
a. Emotional Aftereffects C. Firefighting team
b. Cognitive Aftereffects D. Support Unit Commander
c. Behavioral Aftereffects 136. They believe threatened/ persecuted they are highly
d. Physical Aftereffects suspicious of persons. Acts with anti-value set to relieve stress or
127. It is the deep sleep suffered by the HT that immediately vindicate himself and impulsive.
precedes REM sleep, it is necessary for the body to replenish itself A. Socio path
and it is the sleep where the greatest physiological benefits are B. Paranoid hostage taker
derived. C. Terrorists
a. Sleep disorder D. Neurotic
b. Apnea 137. According to Frederick Hacker, these are terrorists who are
c. Stage 4 Sleep using terrorism to change society.
d. Nota A. Crusaders
128. The cardinal rule to follow in a hostage taking situation is, B. Crazies
a. commanders should not negotiate, negotiators should not C. Criminals
command D. Mercenaries
b. open the communication at once 138. In general, hostage takers are emotionally tense; when
c. negotiate publicly trapped, they expand a great deal of emotional, physical and
d. ask for demands psychic energy, hence,
• *mortal sin in hostage taking negotiation =SAYING NO TO THE a. Swift and precise attack will be one advantage for the
HOSTAGE TAKER authorities
129. When both hostage and hostage taker develop a mutual b. Shortening the time will press him to surrender
feeling of sympathy, understanding, and other shared stand on c. Prolonging the passage of time shall wear them down
issues, leading them to become enemies of the State, this turn d. Aggravating their stress will lead them to surrender
referred to as, 139. The following are manifestations of a calm attitude of a
a. Stockholm Syndrome negotiator which are advisable in dealing with a hostage situation,
b. Confrontation except;
c. Negotiation a. Avoid words/actions that could have the appearance of
d. familiarization an egotistical threat
3 Unique Syndromes in Hostage Taking b. Be firm and avoid indecision or ambivalence
STOCKHOLM SYNDROME (STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN) – the c. Build a rapport with the hostage taker
hostages expressed sympathy over the hostage takers d. Giving the hostage taker their negotiable demands
LIMA SYNDROME (LIMA, PERU) – the hostage takers 140. When a highly trained a motivated group of hostage takers
expressed kindness and sympathy over the hostages. ask for non-negotiable demands, they are left with three options
LONDON SYNDROME – the hostages are hostile to the hostage a) choose martyrdom, kill hostages and commit suicide, b) lessen
takers (Arturito) demands to more realistic proportions; and c) surrender. If they
The first step in hostage taking crisis is: choose martyrdom and kill hostages, the useful action is:
a. crowd control a. Attack them swiftly with precision
b. negotiation b. Withhold the media from terrorist
c. assault – last option c. Give all of their demands
d. traffic control d. Let the hostages be killed
130. Pursuant to the PNP Police Operational Procedures Manual 141. In a hostage situation, non-verbal communication which
of 2010, this group should indicates openness and willingness to listen can be shown by
immediately be activated in case of hostage situation: a. A posture of a folded arms in a dominant position
a. Hostage Negotiation Team b. Calmly repeating words of comfort or assurance
b. Civil Disturbance Management Team – anti rally and c. By not attempting to trick or lie
demonstration d. Keeping arms open and with other gesture that
c. Crisis Management Task Group indicates that you are willing to negotiate
d. PNP Command Post 142. The best approach in negotiating with a paranoid
• *Specific answer: SAF schizophrenic hostage taker is
131. The highest-ranking field commander should not also be the a. To accept their beliefs as being true
chief negotiator because: b. To try to convince them that their beliefs are wrong
a. hostage takers will be afraid c. To show them that they are just crazy
b. he is not authorized to grant concessions d. To try to bluff or trick them
c. conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker 143. The following are the reasons why common criminals are
d. hostage takers will not trust him easy to negotiate except
132. A comprehensive plan which delineates responsibilities and a. Fear of police assault and punishment
specific action to be taken when a bomb incident or bomb threat b. Criminals are usually rational thinkers
occurs is called ____ c. They are familiar with police operation and tactics

d. Their ultimate desire is to surrender and their possible 3. Public officers and employees who serve with the highest
punishment could be mitigated degree of integrity, loyalty, responsibility and efficiency manifest?
144. Which of the following is not the reason why dealing with a. Love for country
the terrorist takers is difficult? b. Allegiance to the government
a. Terrorists are usually highly trained combatants who c. Allegiance to the constitution
have been politically and ideologically indoctrinated d. Public office is a public trust
b. Terrorists act as part of a group, and their behavior will 4. A social norm providing guidance for people in their dealings
be pressured by group dynamics with one another, as a standard against which actions are
c. The terrorist hostage-taking drama is capable of evaluated, and as a prescription or requirement that people act
producing conflicts of principles that are not easy to resolve justly.
d. Most of the terrorist groups received training in the A. Law
techniques that will be used against them in the country chosen B. Justice
for the attacks C. Ethics
145. The following options must be present to control the D. Conduct
hostage-taking situation, except 5. It refers to the commitment, dignity and attitude of an
a. Absolute containment of the perpetrator individual towards work and his integrity and his practice of the
b. By placing a set-up for a bargaining position core moral value principles.
c. Evaluation and isolation of target area a. Conduct – the way people act in the society
d. Effective command and control activities for b. Morality – principles of application of right or wrong
coordination and proper decision-making c. Professionalism
146. The negotiators in hostage taking incidents should strive to d. Ethics
a. Be mediators not arbitrators 6. It is the essence of good manners, a manifestation of
b. Refute all views of the terrorist sportsmanship and an exposition of gentility and culture.
c. Promise that all their demands will be met A. Courtesy
d. Set the pace, mood, and topic of conversation B. Discipline
themselves C. Loyalty
147. Which of the following is not a terrorist goal D. Morale
a. Worldwide / local recognition 7. A mental or moral training that makes a man willing to be
b. Disruption of community and mobility subject to controls and regulations for the good of the entire
c. Harassment, embarrassment and weakening of group of which he is a member.
government A. Courtesy
d. Understanding of social environment B. Discipline
148. There are three categories of the terrorist, which of the C. Loyalty
following does not belong to the classification of terrorist? D. Morale
a. Crusaders 8. The concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact
b. Crazies relevant to one’s office, or connected with the performance of his
c. Criminals duties.
d. Preachers A. gross misconduct
149. Kidnappers may ____ their kidnap victims due to attritional B. incompetence
factors, use of negotiations and use of force by law enforcement C. dishonesty
authority D. disloyalty
a. Kill 9. The doing either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of
b. Keep that which the police officer had no legal right to do at all, as
c. Ransom where he acts without any authority whatsoever or exceeds,
d. Release ignores or abuses his powers.
150. The hostages has ______ value to the hostage-taker A. Incompetence
a. Indispensable B. Dishonesty
b. Important C. Misconduct
c. Lot D. Neglect of duty
d. No 10. The omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform
an act or duty, which is the officer’s legal obligation to perform.
A. Incompetence
B. Misconduct
V. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL C. Neglect of duty
D. Bribery
STANDARDS
11. The supreme law of the Land.
1. A Science which inquires into the ultimate reasons, causes, and
A. Bible
principles of all things in the light of human reason alone
B. Constitution
a. Ethics
C. PNP Law
b. Philosophy - From Greek word Philosophia (coined by
D. Common Law
Pythagoras of Samos) Philo (love) Sophia (wisdom)
12. The discipline that deals with what is good and bad as well as
c. Morality
our moral duties and obligations
d. Epistemology
a. Morality
Epistemology-the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to
b. Ethics
its methods, validity, and scope. It is the investigation of what
c. Values
distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
d. Virtue
2. “Average citizen expects the police officer to have the wisdom
13. Components of moral science that deals with the duties and
_______
responsibilities which a law enforcer owes to the community and
a. Solomon
public.
b. David - courage
a. Loyalty
c. Samson - strength
b. Courtesy
d. Job – patience
c. Police Ethics
3. Refers to the good manners, which show sportsmanship,
d. Police Community Relations
culture and gentility.
14. Who was the English person introduced the principles which
a. Courtesy
might be considered as a version of code of ethics?
b. Discipline
A. Sir Henry Fielding
c. Loyalty
B. Sir Robert Peel
d. Morale
C. Hippocrates

D. Quetelet c. Police community relations
15. Refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the d. Civic action program
community 28. In terms of its use in effective supervision, discipline is
a. Loyalty considered as:
b. Courtesy a. Authority
c. Police Ethics b. Control
d. Police Community Relations c. Training
16. One’s obligation and duty to his nation of origin. d. Regulation
a. Code of Ethics 29. The most significant element in reprimanding a subordinate
b. Allegiance to the Constitution should be to:
c. Loyalty and Love of Country a. Conduct an immediate investigation
d. Allegiance to the government b. Implement rules and regulation
17. Acts or omission not involving moral turpitude, but affecting c. Improve morale on your men
the internal discipline of the PNP such as simple negligence and d. Maintain discipline
misconduct, frequent absences, gambling prohibited by law, 30. Discipline should be strict but must always be tempered with
tardiness, and insubordination. sympathy and understanding. To abide by this principle, a
a. Serious offense superior officer must:
b. Grave offense a. Investigate thoroughly all the facts before making a
c. Felony decision
d. Minor Offense b. Always implement the policies rules, and regulations
18. The most significant power exercise by a police officer as a c. Treat all personnel equally
first line supervisor. d. Always listen to the explaining to the erring subordinate
a. Control over organization 31. Willful and continuous commission of minor offenses shall
b. Manpower Control constitute:
c. Cost Control a. Felony
d. Planning control b. Recidivism
19. Mental and moral training that makes man willing to be c. Ground for dismissal
subject to regulation and control for the benefit and interest of d. Serious offense of habitual dereliction
the group where he belongs. 32. Reason why a police officer must always wear his uniform
a. Courtesy securely button?
b. Discipline a. Loose clothing is shabby
c. Morale b. A complete uniform gets woman’s attention
d. Ethics c. It ‘s a minor offense
20. Primary attribute for effective leadership. d. A neat appearance will command respect
a. Be a born leader 33. It concerns those actions that pertain to one’s duties towards
b. Have acquired the techniques of handling men neighbors and himself.
c. Have enough experience and training a. Moral virtue
d. Have normal intelligence and sincere desire to serve b. Dignity
21. Self-esteem, self-confidence, drives a person’s attitude and c. Responsibility
emotional feeling regarding their way and the people whom they d. Discipline
interact with 34. Policy exercising utmost restraint by law enforcers in the
a. Leadership performance of their duties
b. Morale a. Command responsibility
c. Discipline b. Parents patria
d. Ethics c. Maximum tolerance
22. Discontent and grievance would logically result to: d. Rules of engagement
a. Impersonal attitude 35. The power to own use and extract something.
b. Severe punishment a. Authority
c. Inconsistent administration b. Privilege
d. Unusual strictness c. Right
23. Refers to the sum total of dealings of the police with the d. All of these
people it serves 36. Avoiding a conduct of vandalism is a compliance of what duty?
a. Police relations A. affirmative duty
b. Police community relations B. positive duty
c. Police public relations C. natural duty
d. Human relations D. negative duty
24. Design to bridge any communication between the police and 37. Authority of a person to exercise over his subordinates.
people a. Command
a. Public information program b. Responsibility
b. Civic action program c. Command responsibility
c. Mass communication program d. Chain of command
d. Public relations program 38. This must be performed by an agent who decides willfully to
25. Designed to influence public opinion in favor of the police perform the act. The statement is referring to:
force. A. morality
a. Public information program B. acts of man
b. Civic action program C. ethics
c. Mass communication program D. human acts
d. Public relations program 39. Which of the following is the distinction of human acts
26. Involves local officials and citizenry in the preservation of between acts of man?
peace and order. A. deliberate
a. Barangay police B. physiological movement
b. COPS on block C. instinctive
c. People’s Law Enforcement Board D. biological
d. Integrated Police Advisory Council 40. Is something a person prizes, cherishes, and esteems as
27. Consist of moral and legal precepts which govern the important
relationship of man in all aspects of life. a. Justice
a. Public relations b. Ethics
b. Human relations c. Virtue

d. Value b. Keeping a check on the number of complaints and
41. The statement that “the Filipino is worth dying for” would commandments received by the police
greatly describe: c. Holding the opinion expressed in any adequate sample
A. duty if newspaper articles
B. obligation d. Degree to which the community cooperates voluntarily
C. rights with the police department in the performance of their duties
D. value 55. The totality of efforts of policemen to improve public attitudes
42. A virtue which regulates carnal appetite for sensual pleasure. should largely directed towards?
a. Prudence a. Insuring that the policeman is also an exemplary citizen
b. Temperance b. The creation of as many favorable public contracts as
c. Fortitude possible
d. Justice c. The tolerant enforcement of minor regulatory
43. Ability to last. statutes/ordinances
a. Patience d. The improvement of contracts with the public
b. Endurance 56. Of the following steps in planning community relations
c. Perseverance program, the step that should be undertaken first taken is?
d. Fortitude a. Study the public with which the police department
44. Courage without yielding deals
a. Perseverance b. Contact editors of local newspaper
b. Endurance c. Develop procedures for dealing with the public
c. Fortitude d. Establish civilian complaints procedure
d. Perseverance 57. Fundamental duty of a law enforcement officer.
45. Composure and calmness in enduring something. a. Protect society
a. Perseverance b. Serve mankind
b. Endurance c. Protect life
c. Patience d. Protect liberty
d. Prudence 58. Public office is a public _____.
46. The ability to go on despite the tremendous adversity. a. Trust
a. Perseverance b. Confidence
b. Endurance c. Responsibility
c. Patience d. Property
d. Prudence 59. Best public relations for police officers to a community.
47. Which of the following traits/capabilities is most essential in a a. Press conference
police officer? b. Bribing the media
a. Physical stamina c. Public information campaign
b. Absence of physical fear d. Credible and good performance
c. High intelligence 60. In launching police –community programs, success can be
d. High standard of morality attained by linkage with:
48. Is the process which constantly endeavors to obtain good will a. Community
cooperation support of public for effective law enforcement and b. Barangay officials
to accomplish police objectives. c. Civic organizations
a. Public relations d. NGO’s
b. Police public relations 61. To develop goodwill, a policeman on duty should do the
c. Community relations foregoing, except:
d. Police community relations a. Annoy or inconvenience any law-abiding citizen
49. It can be said that the best public relations between the police b. Perform his job with dedication
and the public exist when the public attitude is one of: c. Project an honest image
a. Formal acceptance d. Be courteous
b. Taut acceptance 62. Act of bringing about better understanding, confidence and
c. Confidence, approval, and respect acceptance an individual or an organization.
d. Due approval a. Propaganda
50. The most important medium to determine public attitudes b. Human relations
between the police and the public attitude is the: c. Public relations
a. Radio and television d. Public information program
b. Print mass media 63. To solicit public cooperation and support, the police should
c. Individual policeman strengthen
d. Police public relation officer a. Propaganda
51. The most important criterion of a policeman’s performance of b. Human relations
his duties is the: c. Public relations
a. Public attitudes towards him d. Public information program
b. The fact of lack of absences
c. His service and seniority rating 64. A program which makes the policemen a friend and a partner
d. Number of orders/writs served daily of the people.
52. The policemen views public relations primarily as: a. Public relations
a. An attitude towards the public while at work b. Human relations
b. Improving contact with the public c. Police community relations
c. Winning the confidence of the public d. Civic action program
d. Something affecting him as he does his duty effectively 65. Includes all rights enjoyed by individual as provided for under
53. The most important consideration a policeman should pay constitution and international law
attention to while in contact with the public is the: a. Rights
a. Character of the person he serves b. Human rights
b. Time when contacts are being made c. Privileges
c. Impression he creates d. Justice
d. Attitudes of the public towards the police 66. The PNP core values provide a solid anchor for the
54. Public opinion for a police department is best obtained by: organization as it develops and strengthens itself. The following
a. The daily contacts of uniform police officers with the are the core values of the PNP.
public EXCEPT?__________.
a. Makatarungan

b. Makadiyos A. Negotiation
c. Makakalikasan B. Discretion
d. Makatao C. Arraignment
67. Tendencies towards desirable objects and away from harmful D. Plea bargaining
things. 81. As a general rule, police officers are not permitted or allowed
a. Passion to engage in any other business or calling
b. Habit a. bribery
c. Hobby b. neglect of duty
d. Virtue c. moonlighting
68. They are neither considered as moral nor immoral and d. misconduct
sometimes known as psychic responses. 82. One common violation committed by law enforcement is the
A. fear violation of due process of law. Which of the following best explain
B. habits due process of law?
C. violence a. law which renders judgement only
D. passion b. law which proceeds upon injury
69. A doctrine which imposes commensurate accountability to one c. law which hears before it condemns
who is vested with authority d. all of these
a. Chain of command 83. The PNP code of professional conduct and ethical standards
b. Unity of command uphold the unconstitutional provision that public office is a public
c. Span of control trust and that all public servants must at all time be:
d. Command responsibility a. responsible
70. Worst form of graft and corruption in the government. b. accountable
a. Bribery c. respectable
b. Abuse of authority d. responsive
c. Electioneering 84. What ethical standards is being observed when police officers
d. Influence peddling follow logical procedures in accomplishing their duties in order to
71. Self-control and obedience means: minimize waste of time, money and effort?
a. Virtue a. morality
b. Conduct b. code of ethics
c. Morals c. ethics
d. Discipline d. orderliness
72. For the PNP core values to be internalized by all its members, 85. Patrolman Kardo has been found liable of serious dishonesty,
the following shall be the implementation strategy of the which is a grave offfense reflecting a person’s character and
organization, EXCEPT?___________. expose the moral delay which virtually destroys his honor, virtue
A. It will be made as a basis for Productivity Incentive and integrity. What police tradition did he violate?
Bonus. a. honor code
B. It will be integrated in all PNP academic courses b. word of honor
C. It will be included in moral value programs. c. PNP ethical doctrine
D. It will be made a part in police information and d. grave misconduct
continuing education programs. 86. Public officials and employees must process documents and
73. A habit which inclines man to act in a way that harmonizes papers expeditiously. As much as
with his nature. practicable, how many signatories must be contained in these
a. Ethics documents?
b. Value a. No limit
c. Virtue b. Three
d. Dignity c. Two
74. Voice of reason bidding oneself to avoid evil and do good. E. One
a. Ethics c. Dignity 87. All law enforcement members must have the moral courage
b. Virtue d. Conscience to sacrifice self interest in favor of upholding general welfare.
75. Rules of conduct applied to law enforcement. They must not only act properly but they must even appear to act
a. Police ethics properly.
b. Rules of engagement a. Delicadeza
c. Code of police ethics b. Integrity
d. All of these c. Humility
76. PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times d. Orderliness
keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization. 88. All PNP members must adhere to the intelligence motto that
a. Virtue c. Morals the “walls have ears." Thus, they are mandated to observe
b. Conduct d. Discipline secrecy discipline at all times.
77. Patrolman Cielo govern and disciplines himself by means of a. They shall treat all information privilege and
reason and sound judgement. What virtue does he practice confidential
a. endurance b. They shall be meticulous in everything they disclose to
b. fortitude public
c. prudence c. They shall observe silent practicing of their profession
d. perseverance d. They shall always guard the confidentiality of classified
78. Arresting a suspect without a warrant of arrest may Information against unauthorized disclosure.
tantamount to: 89. Barry was a bus driver. As he was driving near a bridge, he
a. malfeasance noticed a couple riding a motorbike. When he applied thebrakes,
b. non feasance it did not respond. The only way he could avoid the couple is to
c. misfeasance ditch the vehicle into the river which will possibly kill numerous
d. feasance passengers or run over the couple. This situation which calls for
79. Those action which stand neutral in relation to the norm of choosing between, two evils is called
morality. They are neither good nor bad in themselves. a. Moral judgment
a. moral action b. Moral dilemma
b. amoral action c. Moral decision
c. immoral action d. Moral issue
d. semi- moral action 90. Kiko Matsing was walking down a stretch of road when he saw
80. It is the unwritten authority given to police officers to make a child kick a stray dog. Kiko Matsing told the child to stop hitting
decision, using one’s own judgment based on justice and fairness.

the dog for he felt that what the latter was doing was wrong. This a. primary responsibility
is called b. secondary responsibility
a. Moral judgment c. tertiary responsibility
b. Moral dilemma d. none
c. Moral decision 99. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation
d. Moral issue in the police organization
91. Maria Leonor, a fourth year criminology student was a. espirit de corps
approached by the school janitor who claimed that he has a b. duty
photocopy of the final examination. The latter offered to give her c. camaraderie
a copy in exchange for PhP1,000. Maria Leonor declined saying d. valor
that she would rather fail the exam than cheat. She was placed in 100. Among the following core values of the Philippine national
a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform. police, which is the most supreme?
This is called a. love of God
a. Moral judgment b. respect for authority
b. Moral dilemma c. respect for women
c. Moral decision d. respect for sanctity of marriage
d. Moral issue 101. What is the symbol of the citizens’ faith and trust that the
92. Pat Roman Cruz was conducting beat patrol when he found a police officers carry with
bag with no apparent owner in a sidewalk. When he opened the them?
bag, it was full of money. He was faced with a moral issue a. Uniform
between appropriating the bag or returning it to its rightful owner. b. Badge
This situation is called c. Firearm
a. Moral judgment d. Money
b. Moral dilemma 102. What refers to the program designed to make the public
c. Moral decision aware of what agency is doing, why is it doing, and how it
d. Moral issue contributes to the welfare of the community?
93. Pat Gab Valencia wanted to have his assignment be a. Public Relation
transferred from the Regional Mobile Force Battalion to the b. Image Building
Municipal Police Station. Since, the mayor is his godfather, he c. Civic Action Program
secured from the latter a letter which recommended his transfer d. Public Information Program
of assignment. Did Pat Valencia violate any guidelines of the 103. What principle of police community relation states that
organization? policemen must be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals
a. Yes, he has violated the rules on non-solicitation of in the solutions of their problems?
political patronage. a. Public Support must be maintained.
b. Yes, he has violated the rules on Non-Partisanship b. Public Resentment must be avoided.
c. Not at all c. Public goodwill must be developed.
d. Maybe d. Public must be kept informed on regulations and
94. PNP Members shall provide services to everyone without policies.
discrimination regardless of party affiliation 104. What principle of police community relation states that
a. Non-solicitation of political patronage policeman shall always bear in mind the interest of the public and
b. Nonpartisanship shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct.
c. Proper Care and Use of Public Property a. Public Support must be maintained.
d. Devotion to Duty b. Public Resentment must be avoided.
95. Police officers shall treat official business as such, and shall c. Public goodwill must be developed.
not impart the same to anyone except those for whom it is d. Public must be kept informed on regulations and policies.
intended, or as directed by his superior officer, or as required by 105. DECEMBER 2021, What does the Doctrine of Reciprocal
law. Responsibility mean?
a. criminal investigation a. Development of a favorable public attitude towards the
b. admission government
c. confession b. Local residents and police officers in the area shall meet
d. confidential information regularly to discuss peace and order problems.
96. DECEMBER 2021 ,Select the statement which concurs that c. The participation and support of the citizenry in
PNP members are prohibited from soliciting Political Patronage. anticrime campaign is indispensable
A. PNP members must not vote for their political d. Command of line elements of the PNP shall be as close
candidate. as practicable to the People
B. PNP members shall themselves from asking for 106. DOCTRINE OF RECIPROCAL RESPONSIBILITY - is a concept
endorsements from politicians on matters in which both the police and the community bear responsibility for
A. pertaining to assignment, award, training and public order and safety, thus, each has certain obligations to
promotion. perform (the police to the public - the public to the
B. PNP members must refrain from securing clearances community/State).
from other government agencies on matters needed for their 107. Kardo is a criminologist who was charged with obstruction of
assignment, award, training and promotion. justice. Kardo did what kind of ognorance?
C. PNP members must not campaign for a political a. Affected ignorance
candidate b. Infected ignorance
97. Which of the following exemplifies that all members of the c. Invincible ignorance
PNP should act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP d. Vincible ignorance
and live by the PNP's core values? 108. Kardo is dancing while singing. This is _____
A. Delicadeza a. Human acts
B. Equality in the Service b. Acts of man
C. PNP Image c. Action of man
D. Career Management d. Nota
98. Every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a 109. A feeling of frustration that dictated L. Umba to think and
Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the give consent in possible things that he might commit is called?
Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his profession. They A. Human acts B. Commanded acts
shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as citizens to C. Elicited acts D. Acts of man
support the Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered 110. Cardo, a criminology student, is day dreaming of being a
Criminologist to defend the principles of liberty as defined in the famous police officer after he tops the board exam.
Constitution and Laws. a. Wish

b. Intention b. Article XVI, Section VI
c. Consent c. Article 3, Section 16
d. Election d. Article 16, Section 3
111. Cardo disciplines himself to study to achieve his goal in 122. What is the old name of the “Lady Justice”?
topping the board exam. A. Themis
a. Consent B. Hera
b. Election C. Athena
c. Use D. Aphrodite
d. Fruition/realization 123. The Woman in the lady justice symbolizes___.
112. Cardo felt so happy after he seeing his name in the top- A. Impartiality
notcher list of the Criminology Licensure Examination B. Justice Power
a. Consent C. Judiciary
b. Election d. Judicial
c. Use 124. Assume that you are Chief of police and you found out that
d. Fruition/realization you have unjustly reprimanded police officer Kardo. The best
113. A type of voluntariness that accompanies an act or situation procedure to follow is
which is a mere result of a directly willed act A. Justify the Reprimand
a. Direct B. Ignore the matter
b. Indirect C. Make no apology but tolerate his behavior
c. Perfect D. Talk to him and admit your mistakes
d. Imperfect 125. Allege means_____.
114. Kardo is working as a construction worker whether he likes A. Assert or make an accusation
it or not but just to provide for his everyday living. B. remove from its position
a. Perfect voluntariness C. direct an act from doing
b. Imperfect voluntariness D. intentional mutilation
c. Conditional voluntariness 126. A set of norms and standards practiced by police officers
d. Simple voluntariness during social and other functions.
115. The study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and A. Social Decorum
meaning of life. B. Courtesy
a. Epistemology C. Custom
b. Logic D. Both B and C
c. Metaphysics 127. A police-community relations programs must have the
d. Philosophy following objectives, EXCEPT:
116. What is the basic political unit of the government in the A. To enforce the law and arrest violators
Philippines? B. To obtain public cooperation and assistance
a. Family C. To create broader understanding and sympathy with the
b. Barangay problems and needs of the police
c. Municipal D. To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the
d. City community.
117. If patrol is called the backbone of the police department, 128. Justice according to the Supreme Court is symbolically
what about the Police Community Relation? represented by a blindfolded woman holding a sword and with a
a. Brain balance, meaning it is?
b. Nerve Center A. Administered with respect to persons
c. Make-up Artist B. Administered without respect to persons, equality to poor and
d. Fashionist the rich
118. It is a part of the corruption continuum, wherein the honest C. Administered without respect to persons. Equality to poor
police officers turn bad due to repeatedly accepting free meals, people
free fare and similar insignificant acts which leads to serious D. Administered with respect to persons, Equality and Treatment
misbehavior and finally corruption. 129. It is the bestowal of patronage by public officers in
a. meat eaters appointing others to positions by reason of blood or marital
b. straight shooters relationships to appointing authority.
c. grass eaters A. Marital privilege
d. Slippery Slope B. Nepotism
119. Arises when a public official or employee is a member of a C. Filial preference
board, an officer, or a substantial stockholder of a private D. Jus Sanguinis
corporation or owner or has a substantial interest in a business, 130. A policeman must give careful attention to his personal
and the interest of such corporation or business, or his rights or appearance. As such, he must comply with the following, EXCEPT
duties therein, may be opposed to or affected by the faithful A. He shall be properly attired with his complete uniform
performance of official duty. B. He must maintain good posture and grooming
a. Moon lightning C. He shall carry his gun, tucked in his waist, for the public to see
b. Hidden interest D. He must see to it that his uniform is clean and properly pressed
c. Ill-gotten wealth 131. An act of cruelty, domination or excessive use of authority is
d. Conflict of interest known in police ethics as:
120. Justice according to the Supreme Court is symbolically A. Depression
represented by a blindfolded woman holding a sword and with a C. Order
balance, meaning it is? B. oppression
a. Administered with respect to persons D. Discretion
b. Administered with respect to persons, equality and 132. Includes elective and appointive officials and employees,
treatment permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career
c. Administered without respect to persons. Equality to service, including military and police personnel, whether or not
poor people they receive compensation, regardless of amount.
d. Administered without respect to persons, equality to a. Person in Authority
poor and the rich b. Agent of person in authority
121. Philippine Constitution mandated the creation of the c. Public official
Philippine National Police, what provision of the fundamental law d. Public officer
prescribed that it would assume an identity to CIVILIAN in 133. is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by
CHARACTER and NATIONAL in SCOPE? voluntarily, completely and actually depriving or dispossessing
a. Article VI, Section XVI

oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or persons A. Integrity
other than his spouse and relatives B. Delicadeza
a. Inheritance C. Humility
b. Divestment D. None of these
c. Heir 146. DECEMBER CLE 2018, Eviction or demolition of squatters
d. Investment calls for the policemen to,
134. It is an influencing action through information which has a A. Exercise maximum tolerance while giving security
value or relevance to needs that motivates target audience assistance
a. MEDIA/MASS MEDIA B. Exercise limited force
b. PROPAGANDA C. Exercise maximum force in dealing with squatters
c. Campaign D. Participate in actual demolition
d. All of the above 147. JUNE 2018 CLE, Upright in character, polite in manners,
135. Kardo received an expensive watch from Luis when the dignified in appearance, and sincere in their concern to their
former became a mayor of their town. Kardo can be laiable of fellowmen.
what crime? A. Gentlemanliness
a. Gratuities B. Duty
b. Bribery C. Word of honor
c. Corruption of public officials D. Orderlines
d. All of the above 148. These are forbidden acts involving misuse of office or
136. PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public authority for personal gain.
servants and not the masters of the people; and toward this end, A. corruption
they should perform their duties without arrogance. The B. immorality
preceding statement demands ________. C. deviance
a. Arrogance D. brutality
b. Discipline 149. Any public officer who agrees to perform an act constituting
c. Humility a crime, in connection with the
d. Courtesy performance of his official duties, in consideration of any offer,
137. It is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members promise, gift or present received by such officer personally or
upon meeting and recognizing person entitle to through the mediation of another
a. Salute shall be liable for ________?
b. respect A. direct bribery
c. vow B. malversation
d. honor C. indirect bribery
138. Ma’am or sir is ____ D. illegal exaction
a. Respect 150. Insp. Garcia’s word is his bond, he stand by it and commit
b. Courtesy to uphold it. Inspector Garcia therefore has:
c. Address A. delicadeza
d. RHIP B. word of honor
139. JUNE 2018 CLE, The binding spirit that enhances teamwork C. camaraderie
and cooperation in the police organization. D. honor code
A. Loyalty = katapatan 151. A manifestation of love of country with a pledge of allegiance
B. Valor =katapangan to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
C. Patriotism = pagmamahal sa bayan A. Nationalism
D. Camaraderie B. heroism
140. JUNE 2018 CLE, It is the Code of Ethics for Government C. patriotism
Officials and Employees in the Philippines. D. valor - highest form of bravery / courage; ability to
A. R.A no. 6713 sacrifice life
B. R.A no. 3019 = Anti -Graft and Corrupt Practices Act 152. The concept that the manner in which the police were viewed
C. Act no. 255 = The Law Changing the Name of Insular was likely to influence the degree of cooperation they were to
Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary receive was espoused by:
D. NOTA a. Sir Robert Peel
141. JUNE 2018 CLE, A police officer is forbidden to engage in idle b. Friedrich Taylor – father of scientific management
conversation while on duty. Specifically, this prohibition refers c. Max Weber
to__________. d. Edwin Sutherland – dean of modern
A. Gossip and idle talk 153. It means courage to endure without yielding.
B. Communication outside organization a. prudence
C. Vexing of humiliating other b. fortitude
D. All of the foregoing c. temperance
142. JUNE CLE 2018, The basic weapon of a police officer is? d. justice
A. Gun 154. What Executive Order provides for the institutionalization of
B. Uniform the Doctrine of Command
C. Whistle Responsibility in all law enforcement agencies particularly in the
D. Knowledge of law PNP?
143. JUNE 2018 CLE, A set of norms and standards practiced by a. E.O. 266
police officers during social and other functions. b. E.O. 226
A. Social Decorum c. E.O. 227
B. Courtesy d. E.O. 236
C. Custom • COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY – commensurate
D. Both B and C accountability of superiors to his subordinate
144. JUNE 2018 CLE,. Police immorality is exampled by------- 155. The police officers use of offensive and obscene languages
A. Living with a woman not his wife is known as police _______.
B. Smoking while patrolling a. brutality
C. Being late from work b. profanity
D. All of these c. perjury
145. JUNE 2018 CLE, All PNP members shall recognize the fact d. gratuity
that they are public servants and not the master of the people 156. It is the ability to be calm in enduring situations.
and towards this end, they should perform their duties without a. patience
arrogance. b. perseverance

c. endurance 167. A part of the PNP’s ceremony where the flag is raised in the
d. temperance middle of the pole in difference to deceased member of the
157. Excessive use of force or police brutality is a violation of the command or unit.
ethical standards. PNP members shall a. flag raising – Monday
exercise proper and ______ use of authority in the performance b. half-mast
of duty. c. flag retreat – Friday
a. effective d. funeral service – if there is a dead PNP member
b. proportionate 168. The misuse of police authority which involves violations of
c. legitimate the rules and regulations of the police organization.
d. responsible a. police profanity
158. Imports the act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, b. police corruption
domination or excessive use of authority. c. police misconduct (mal)
a. dishonesty d. police deviance
b. disloyalty 169. PO3 Perez refrains himself from patronizing houses of ill
c. incompetency refute and always faithful to his lawfully wedded wife. PO3 Perez
d. oppression practices the ethical act of:
*dishonesty – act of distortion of truth Amici Review Center 55 • a. integrity
*incompetency – lack of necessary skills • disloyalty – breach of b. loyalty
allegiance to a country (Treason) c. morality
159. A police community relations program must provide d. temperance
opportunities for the police and the citizens to _______. 170. “Judicious use of Authority” means:
a. talk with each other a. Respect for Human Rights
b. talk for each other b. Legitimate use authority
c. talk through each other c. Practical use of government resources
d. talk to each other d. Logical procedures – orderliness
160. What is the primary purpose of a public relation program? 171. When police officers are taught how to deal with people in a
a. to develop mutual understanding between the police warm and friendly manner, they
and public; are trained in _________.
b. To plan for a community relation program; a. Public information
c. To recruit new members for community relations; b. international relations
d. To train police officers in community relations. c. Media relations
*Key terms for police community relation • mutual understanding d. human relations
• good will • cooperation • favorable public image • trust • 172. it is the key to professionalism
confidence a. PNP Image
161. The authority to make decisions without reference to the b. Career Management
specific rules or facts, using instead one’s own judgment. c. Police Management leadership
a. Discretion d. Police Lifestyle
b. Negotiation 173. Which of the following nearly expresses the meaning of
c. prudence ridicule?
d. conviction a. Anger
162. What is the most important supervisory principle in order to b. Resentment
improve the morale of staff? c. to make fun
a. Be fair and just d. disgust
b. Be strict on attendance 174. A system utilized to foster the improvement of individual
c. Be kind and respectful efficiency and behavioral discipline as well as the promotion of
d. Be forgiving organizational effectiveness in the police force is called
163. This particular program makes the policemen a friend and a. Performance evaluation system.
partner of the people as well as their b. Performance grading system
defender. In short, this program makes the police a part of, and c. Performance enhancement system
not apart from society. d. All of the above
a. Civic Action Program 175. A police officer, in the performance of his duty,
b. Public information Program a. Must stand his ground to overcome his opponent and
c. Public relation Program cannot run away like a private individual.
d. Mass Communication Program b. Run to save his life
164. Police officers should have a feeling of devotion, duty or c. Retreat first to call a backup or reinforcement
attachment to the PNP organization. Such attitude is an example d. Nota
of _____________. 176. PNP members shall exercise due protection and care of
a. integrity public property issued for their official use or entrusted to their
b. honesty care like a “good father of the family.” It connotes that _______
c. loyalty to the service a. Reasonable care consistent with that which an
d. obedience to superior ordinarily prudent person would have observed when confronted
165. The police officer’s relations with the officers and men of his with a similar situation
own department, his supervisor, the station commander, as well b. Proper use of public property within reasonable limits
as the city or municipal mayor where he is assigned is an example c. Proper use of public property either for official or
of: personal ends
a. intra-departmental relations d. All of the above
b. professional relation 177. A reward or punishment that is given by some formal
c. good relation organization or regulatory body, such as the government
d. inter-departmental relation a. Formal sanction
166. PNP members must promote a living that is acceptable and b. Informal sanction
respectable in the eyes of the public. They must promote simple c. Natural sanction
yet credible lives. d. Organic sanction
a. police lifestyle 178. An expression of approval or disapproval given by an
b. delicadeza individual or group on individuals.
c. human rights a. Formal sanction
d. image b. Informal sanction
c. Natural sanction
d. Organic sanction

179. Officer testifies untruthfully in court that he/she saw the d. Community
offender drop some narcotics or contraband.
a. Mooching - - when there is an implied favor (a “wink 192. Every police shall be worthy of high public trust by doing his
and nod”) job and leaving nothing undone. He shall make himself available
b. Chiseling - when the officer is quite blatant/obvious and be willing to serve everyone
about demanding free service a. Community support must be maintained.
c. Shopping - - theft on items from stores while on patrol b. Community resentment must be avoided.
d. Dropsy Evidence c. Community goodwill must be developed.
• Police Gratuity - gratuity is the receipt of free meals, d. Community must be kept informed
services, or discounts. 193. Police officer should be courteous, fair, and quick to assist
• Testilying - lying in court individuals in the solution of their problems
180. This includes selling work assignments, promotion etc. a. Community support must be maintained.
a. Opportunistic theft - stealing money from arrested b. Community resentment must be avoided.
person; taking properties left at the crime scene c. Community goodwill must be developed.
b. Shakedown - act of extortion by a police officer who d. Community must be kept informed
caught a criminal on act 194. Every police officer shall have in mind the interest of the
c. Fixes - involves mediating criminal cases or problems public. He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct. He
involving traffic shall avoid by any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or
d. Internal payoffs inconvenience anyone
181. allowing motorist to in reverse in a one way thoroughfare in a. Community support must be maintained.
exchange for something b. Community resentment must be avoided.
a. Kickbacks c. Community goodwill must be developed.
b. Corruption of authority - tolerable corruption; includes d. Community must be kept informed
receiving free meals, services, gratuities, etc. 195. The people should inform the community of the regulations
c. Screen Test - police jargon for sudden application of and policies of the police force and the reasons of their adoption
brakes on a police vehicle so that the handcuffed criminal at the a. Community support must be maintained.
backseat will be thrown against the metal protective screen. b. Community resentment must be avoided.
d. Police Perjury - leaving out certain pertinent pieces of c. Community goodwill must be developed.
information in order to fix a criminal prosecution d. Community must be kept informed
182. An established and generally accepted moral values refer to: 196. He shall build good image through actual commendable
A. Ethical Standards B. Morality performance, without inefficiency and corruption; build good
C. Integrity D. Judicious use of image through actual commendable performance, without
authority inefficiency and corruption; evaluate public opinion and attitude
183. The following are the canon of police ethics except one; with respect to policies, methods and personnel of the police
A. Proper conduct of behavior station.
B. Obedience to superior and loyalty a. Public Relations Officer
C. Attitude towards police profession b. Civic Action Officer
D. Firmness in refusing gifts or favor c. Police Officer
184. The leniency in due process refers to: d. All Of The Above
A. Over enforcement 197. He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic
B. Under enforcement competitions to promote youth development; initiate fund-raising
C. Zero tolerance campaigns for juvenile delinquents who are being rehabilitated
D. Preventive enforcement and render possible assistance, especially to the men folk in
185. The police officer must be trustworthy and upholds the truth enabling them to obtain the means of productive endeavors and
at all times. This is called in police ethics as? discourage them from loitering in the street or engaging
A. Nobility B. Integrity uneconomic activities, such as illegal gambling and others .
C. Trustworthiness D. Honesty a. Public Relations Officer
186. These are the specific indicators of shared priorities and b. Civic Action Officer
respect. c. Police Officer
A. Image and visibility d. All Of The Above
B. Trust and competency 198. COPS is a Problem-Oriented type of Policing. The process of
C. Misconduct and corruption engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of identified
D. Priorities and dependability problems to develop rigorously evaluate effective responses that
187. Higher levels of professional police service is on demand uses______
nowadays, in view of ________. a. SARA model
A. the changing role of the police b. ARAS model
B. the changing economic environment c. SARE model
C. higher pay scale due to standardization d. Nota
D. more applicants to the police job SARA Model
188. A general approaches in police community relation program Scanning - Identifying and prioritizing problems
which is directed towards the general public or various enclaves Analysis - Researching what is known about the problem
within the society. Response - Developing solutions to bring about lasting reductions
A. Externally Oriented B. Service Oriented in the number and extent of problems
C. Internally Oriented D. Youth Oriented Assessment - Evaluating the success of Response
189. This is known as the moral obligation that depends upon
freewill. VI. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE
A. Task B. Duty
JUSTICE SYSTEM
C. Services D. Rule
1. Among the following, who is the most vulnerable group to
190. This right is an individuals’ right in participating in
abuse and suffer threats?
government affairs.
A. police B. parents
A. Civil Rights B. Bill of Right
C. children D. old age
C. Political Right D. Human Right
2. During these times, in 1641, general court of Massachusetts
191. Group of people who have something in common with each
passed the stubborn child law, which stated that children who
other that links them and distinguishes them from others who are
disobeyed their parents could be put to death.
not part of the community
a. Code Of Hammurabi
a. Clan
b. Roman Law and Canon (Church) Law
b. Family
c. Ancient Jewish Law
c. Government
d. Codification of roman law

e. Anglo Saxon common law 11. The law that extends consideration to the juvenile delinquents
3. Specified condition under which immaturity was to be in the Philippines introduced and enacted on January 11, 1906 by
considered in imposing punishment. There was no corporal the American Regime.
punishment prior to puberty, which was considered to be the age a. PD 603
of twelve for females and thirteen for males. In addition, no b. RA 6809
capital punishment is to be imposed on those offenders under c. ACT NO.1438
twenty years of age. d. RA 7610
a. Code Of Hammurabi 12. PD 603 “ The Child and Youth Welfare Code”, Under the said
b. Roman Law and Canon (Church) Law law, a person who is over nine (9) but under twenty-one (21)
c. Ancient Jewish Law years of age at the time of the commission of the offense who
d. Codification of roman law committed a crime is known as a ____________
e. Anglo Saxon common law a. Youthful offender
4. Under this law, children came to be classified as “infant, or b. CICL
“proximus infantiae. In general. Infans (7 years old below) were c. Juvenile delinquent
not held criminally responsible, but those approaching puberty d. Minor offender
(above 7 to 14 for boys and above 7 – 12 for girls) liability was TAKE NOTE: This provision was later amended by PD 1179. Under
based on their capacity to understand the difference between the said law, it defines a youthful offender as a child, minor or
right and wrong. youth, including one who is emancipated in accordance with law
a. Code Of Hammurabi who is over nine years but under eighteen years of age at the
b. Roman Law and Canon (Church) Law time of the commission of the offense.
c. Ancient Jewish Law RA 6809 – LAW AMENDING THE AGE OF MAJORITY
d. Codification of roman law
e. Anglo Saxon common law 13. Law amending & strengthening provisions of JJWA of 2006;
5. Under this law children under the age of 7 were presumed creating the Bahay Pag-asa-
incapable of forming criminal intent and therefore were not a. RA 10630
subject to criminal sanctions. Children between 7 - 14 were not b. RA 9344
subject to criminal sanctions unless it could be demonstrated that c. RA 7610
they had formed criminal intent, understood the consequences of d. RA 6809
their actions, and could distinguish right from wrong. Children 14. Who among the following is considered as “Child in Conflict
over 14 were treated much the same as adults. with the Law”?
a. Code Of Hammurabi a. Bryan who is 15 years old.
b. Roman Law and Canon (Church) Law b. Yang who is 10 years old.
c. Ancient Jewish Law c. Lover Boy who is 17 years old
d. Codification of roman law d. anyone of them
e. Anglo Saxon common law 15. It shall be the policy of the State to protect and rehabilitate
6. In the the middle of the nineteenth century, concerned citizens children gravely threatened or endangered by circumstances
eventually formed a social activist group called child savers, who which affect or will affect their survival and normal development
believed that children were born good and became bad. Juvenile and over which they have no control.
children were blamed on bad environments. The best way to save a. PD 603
children was to get them out of bad homes and placed in good b. RA 6809
ones. This lead to the creation of the doctrine Parens Patriae. c. ACT NO.1438
a. child-saving movement d. RA 7610
b. jane adams hull house 16. The State recognizes the vital role of children and youth in
c. house of refuge nation building and shall promote and protect their physical,
d. nota moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being.
7. In 1535, statutes which mandated the appointed of overseers a. PD 603
who placed destitute or neglected children with families who then b. RA 9344
trained them in agricultural, trade or Domestic services. c. ACT NO.1438
a. English system d. RA 7610
b. Poor laws – INDENTURE (In 1601, The Poor Relief Act/ 17. An activity illegal when engaged in by a minor, but not when
Old Poor Law/Elizabethan Poor Law, done by an adult. Examples include truancy, curfew, running
c. Chancery courts away, or habitually disobeying parents.
d. American system A. Adult Offenses
8. They are _________, referred themselves as CHILD SAVERS B. Minor Offenses
who developed organizations and groups to help alleviate the C. Status Offenses
burdens of the poor and immigrants by sponsoring shelter care D. Stubbornness
for youths, educational and social activities and the development 18. a model of JJS that is based on the concept that the criminal
of settlement houses; this was called the CHILD SAVING justice system should not be concerned with offender
MOVEMENT rehabilitation but should limit itself to the fair administration of
a. Upper class civic leaders punishment appropriate to the severity of the crime committed.
b. Middled class civic leaders a. Welfare Model
c. Lower class civic leaders b. Justice Model of Corrections
d. Social class civic leaders c. Minimum Intervention Model
9. They are responsible for creating a number of programs for d. Restorative Justice Model
indigent youths, including the New York House of Refuge 19. its philosophy is derived in part from criminological “labelling
a. Child savers theory”, which suggests that all official forms of processing young
b. Child saving movement offenders are potentially harmful to them since they label and
c. Child caretakers stigmatized them as criminals.
d. Child caring movement a. Welfare Model
10. In what year was the New York House of Refuge, the first to b. Justice Model of Corrections
segregate juvenile offenders and adult criminals established? c. Minimum Intervention Model
a. 1845 d. Restorative Justice Model
b. 1824 20. The traditional juvenile justice theorists have portrayed crimes
c. 1899 The first juvenile court was established in Chicago, Illinois, as against state while theorist in this model emphasizes on the
in 1899 harm that is done to the victim.
d. 1812 a. Welfare Model
b. Justice Model of Corrections
c. Minimum Intervention Model

d. Restorative Justice Model B. A child is above 15 years but below 18 years who acted without
. discernment
21. A spouse of a biological parent who has no legal rights or C. A child is above 15 years but below 18 years who acted with
duties to the child other than those which have been voluntarily discernment
accepted. D. A child is above 18 but below 21 years
A. Maternity 34. Under the RA 9344 a child over 15 under 18 is exempt from
B. Paternity criminal liability unless:
C. Stepparent a. he is committed a henious crime
D. Foster parent b. he is the principal accused
22. A parent who provided an egg, sperm, or uterus with an intent c. he acted without discernment
of giving the child up for adoption to specific parties. d. he acted with discernment
A. None of these
B. Stepparent 35. It shall be the duty of the law enforcement officer to
C. Foster Parent determine the age of the child apprehended If the child
D. Surrogate Parent apprehended is FIFTEEN (15) YEARS OLD OR BELOW, the law
23. What is the legal doctrine that unless the mother is "unfit", enforcement officer shall______________
very young children should be 24. placed in custody with their a. give notice to the local social welfare and development
mother following a divorce? officer as to the apprehension of the child in conflict with the law
A. Tender Years Doctrine b. Must release the child to the custody of his or her
B. Psychological Parent Doctrine parents or guardians, or the child’s nearest relative
C. Unwed Mother’s Doctrine c. shall be subject the child to a community-based
D. Illegitimacy intervention program
25. What is declared of a temporary or permanent termination of d. shall subject the child to intervention program
parental rights in the best interest of the child usually for reasons 36. Part of the features of a Bahay Pag-asa is an/a _______. This
of abandonment, abuse, or neglect, but also including mental will cater to children in conflict with the law in accordance with
illness, addiction, or criminal record? sections 20, 20-a and 20-b as amended.
A. Unfit Parent a. Intensive Juvenile Intervention Support Center
B. Psychological Incapacitation b. Intervention for Juvenile in Intensive Support Center
C. Mental Disturbance c. Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support Center
D. Child at risk d. Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Service Center
26. Children who are vulnerable to & at risk of committing criminal 37. The LSWDO shall determine the appropriate programs for the
offenses. child who has been released in consultation with the child and the
a. CICL person having custody over the child. If the parents, guardians or
b. Youthful offender nearest relatives cannot be located or if they refuse to take
c. Neglected child custody, the child may be released to any the following;
d. Child at risk 1. duly registered NGO
27. It refers to the security given for the release of the person in 2. Duly registered religious organization
custody of the law, furnished by him/her or a bondsman, to 3. barangay official
guarantee his/her appearance before any court. 4. BCPC member
A. Surety 5. LSWDO
B. Money order 6. DSWD
C. Conditions a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6
D. None of these c. 1, 3, 4, and 5 d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
28. It refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions "Sec. 20-a. Serious crimes committed by children who are
most congenial to the survival, protection and feelings of security exempt from criminal responsibility
of the child and most encouraging to the child’s physical, Sec. 20-b. Repetition of offenses.
psychological and emotional development. 38. In relation to the section 6 of RA 10630 that amended sec. 20
A. Best interest of the child or RA 9344, if the child has no parents or guardians or if they
B. Rights refuse or fail to execute the written authorization for voluntary
C. Obligations commitment, the proper petition for involuntary commitment shall
D. Child’s role be immediately filed by the DSWD or LSWDO, provided that the
29. Any person who shall engage in trading and dealing with minimum age for children committed to a youth care facility or
children including, but not limited to the act of buying and selling ‘Bahay Pag-asa’ shall be ________
of a child for money or for any consideration or barter a. 9 years old
A. Child Exploitation B. Child trafficking b. 12 years old
C. Child prostitution D. Child abuse c. 15 years old
RA 10630 d. 17 years old
30. A pattern of repeated or habitual unauthorized absences from 39. Under RA 10630, Serious Crimes refer to the following,
school by any juvenile subject to compulsory education laws is except:
called a. Homicide
A. School Delinquency B. Status Offense b. Parricide
C. School Truancy D. Deviation c. Infanticide
31. Refers to any person below 18 years of age or those over but d. Murder
unable to fully take care of themselves from neglect, abuse, 40. The child with age ______ shall be committed to intensive
cruelty, exploitation or discrimination due to some physical defect intervention if she/he committed serious crimes.
or mental disability or condition. a. 12 to 15
a. child b. More than 12 but less than 15
b. wards – child under guardianship c. 12 but not exceeding 18
c. physically disabled d. 13 to 15 years old
d. youth 41. A child committed a crime in violation of RA 9165 with more
32. A person appointed by the court to act as legal guardian of a than 12 years imprisonment shall deemed _______ and be
child even if his parents is still alive when the best interest of the committed to intensive intervention.
said child so requires. a. Serious criminal
A. Parens Patriae B. Guardian ad Litem b. Child at risk
C. Cousel De Officio D. Adopter c. CICL
33. Which of the following will not exempt the child from criminal d. Neglected child
liability? 42. Under this law "A child is deemed to be fifteen (15) years of
A. A child is 15 year and below who acted without discernment age on the day of the fifteenth anniversary of his/her birthdate.

a. Pd 603 C. Recruited D. Trained
b. Ra 7610 53. It is characterized by infantile level of response, lack of
c. Ra 9344 conscience, deficient feeling of affection to others and aggression
d. Ra 10630 to environment and other people.
43. IJISC stands for ______ A. Psychopathic personality
a. Intensive Juvenile Intervention Support Center B. Neurotic personality
b. Intervention for Juvenile in Intensive Support Center C. Schizophrenic personality
c. Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support Center D. compulsive neurosis
d. Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Service Center 54. A child left by himself without provisions for his needs/or
44. A child committed an offense for the 2nd time or oftener shall without proper supervision falls under what special category of a
be deemed a neglected child provided that _______ child?
a. he previously subjected to diversion program but failed a. abandoned child
to rehabilitate b. abused child
b. he previously subjected to intensive intervention c. neglected child
program but failed to reform d. dependent child
c. previously subjected to a community-based 55. It refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of child in
intervention program conflict with the law by law enforcement officers or private citizens
d. he previously tried by court but not qualified for is termed as?
diversion A. Arrest B. Child Custody
45. A child committed an offense for the 2nd time or oftener shall C. Initial Contact D. All of these
be deemed a neglected child provided that previously subjected 56. No person shall employ child models in all ____ or
to a community-based intervention program, and shall be ______ advertisements promoting alcoholic beverages, intoxicating
a. committed to intensive intervention in IJISC drinks, tobacco and its by products and violence.
b. committed to intensive intervention program A. Aspects B. Commercial
supervised by the court C. Production D. Shows
c. committed to intensive intervention program 57. As a general rule, children below 15 years old shall _______
supervised by SWDO a. Shall not be employed
d. committed to intensive intervention in IJISC supervised b. Shall be employed provided that he is under
by LGU responsibility of his parents
46. A child committed a crime of destructive arson shall be c. Shall be employed provided that his employer obtained
deemed a neglected child and shall be committed to intensive permit from DOLE
intervention in IJISC in ___________ d. Nota
a. barangay 58. Dagul is a child star in Going Damulag. His parents must set
b. DSWD up a trust fund for ____ of his earnings.
c. Bahay pagasa a. At most thirty percent (30%)
d. Youth detention home b. at least twenty percent (20 %)
47. Under RA 9344, JJWC is hereby created ________ c. at least thirty percent (30%)
a. Under the DSWD for administrative supervision d. at most twenty percent (20%)
b. Attached to the DOJ under its administrative 59. In relation to questions above, Dagul’s income
supervision that______may be used for the collective needs of the family
c. Under DOJ for administrative supervision a. At most thirty percent (30%)
d. Attached to DSWD under its administrative supervision b. at least twenty percent (20 %)
48. The JJWC shall be chaired by an undersecretary of the c. at least thirty percent (30%)
____________ d. at most twenty percent (20%)
a. DILG NOTE : or NOT MORE THAN 20 PERCENT
b. DOJ 60. Dagul is 14 years old and is working as a child star. If he starts
c. DSWD his work at 8am, what time shall he be disimissed?
d. INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION BOARD a. 12 noon
R.A 10630 b. 4pm
49. A multi-disciplinary team compose of the following shall c. 6pm
operate the ‘Bahay Pag-asa’, except: d. As early as possible
1. Psychologist/mental health professional 61. What if Dagul is 15 years old and is working in fastfood. He
2. Social worker timed in at exactly 8pm. What time he shall be out?
3. Principal of public school a. 12 am
4. Medical doctor b. 10 pm
5. Educational/Guidance councilor c. 2am
6. BCPC member d. Nota
7. Member of IBP 62. Refers to children male or female, who for money, profit or
a. 1 and 7 b. 2 and 7 any consideration influence by an adult or syndicate, indulge in
c. 3 and 7 d. none of these sexual intercourse.
50. a child committed drug related offense punished A. Juvenile delinquents
with______imprisonment shall be deemed a neglected child and B. Children exploited in prostitution
shall be committed to intensive intervention in IJISC C. Abandoned children
a. reclusion temporal D. Children in conflict with the law
b. more than 12 years 63. In the absence or death of both parents of the child who shall
c. 12 years and more continue to exercise authority
d. More than 6 years over the child?
51. Under RA 10630, a child committed kidnapping and serious I.Surviving grand parents – 1 st
illegal detention, robbery and carnapping shall be deemed a II.Elder brother and sister over 21 years of age – 2 nd
_____ III. Surviving parents of child
a. Neglected child IV.Actual custodian of the child over 21 years of age. -3rd
b. Abandoned child a. I, II and IV only
c. CICL b. I and II only
d. None of these c. I, II, III only
52. Children shall not be ____to become members of the AFP or d. all of the above
its civilian units or other armed groups, nor not be allowed to take NOTE: SUBSTITUTE PARENTAL AUTHORITY DOCTRINE
part in the fighting, or used as guides, couriers or spices. 64. A child deserted by his parents or guardians for three
A. Invited B. Forced continuous months is classified as,

A. Neglected 77. It is the most basic social institution and is the most potentially
B. Dependent effective agency of social control.
C. Abandoned A. Church
D. Abused B. Community
65. A child whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended. C. Family
A. neglected child D. School
B. abandoned child 78. DECEMBER 2017, A child born inside a marriage where either
C. dependent child party is suffering from any legal impediments.
D. abusive child a. illegitimate child
66. All but one, are the reasons on why a child will become truant. b. legitimated child
c. legitimate child
A. unattractive school life d. adopted child
B. family problems 79. They are parents who are punitive and enforce forceful
C. reasonable mentors disciplinary measures. These parents are not responsive to their
D. domestic problems children and show little warmth and support.
67. All parents are required to enroll their children in school to a. Authoritarian Parents
complete at least. b. Authoritative Parents
A. Nursery Education c. Indifferent Parents
B. Tertiary Education d. Indulgent Parents
C. Elementary Education 80. It is when the father is the general, the mother is the guard
D. Secondary Education duty with a special assignment to the nurse corps when needed
68. A child who is deprived of speech and hearing due to and the kids are the grunts.
abnormality defect during birth is known as. a. The corporate mode
A. Disabled child b. The military model
B. Emotionally disturbed child c. The team model
C. Mentally ill child d. The theatrical model
D. Physically handicapped child 81. It is a model when the father is the chief executive officer and
69. These are elements which provokes crimes or factors that are the mother is the operating officer that implements the father’s
signified to the everyday adjustments of an individual, like policy and manages the staff (children) which in turn have
personal problems, necessities, imitation, curiosity, ignorance, privileges and responsibilities based on their seniority.
and diseases. A. The corporate model - (Father - CEO, Mother-Operating Officer,
a. Predisposing Factor Children-staffs)
b. Precipitating Factor B. The military model – (Father-general, Mother-guard on duty or
c. A or b medics, Children-grunts)
d. All of the above C. The team model – (Father-coach or manager, Mother-
70. The power of the state to give any form of charity of public Cheerleader or trainer, Children-athletes)
nature. It is the philosophy behind the view that youthful D. The theatrical model – (Father-producer or director, Mother-
offender/child in conflict with the law is the victim of improper stage manager, Children-actors)
care and that the state is duty bound to provide protection. E. Boarding model – (Father-rector or headmaster, Mother-dorm
a. positivism counselor, Children-students)
b. loco parentis 82. The following may adopt, except:
c. patria potestas a. Any Filipino citizen of legal age at least sixteen (16)
d. parens patriae years older than the adoptee
71. A twenty-four-hour child caring institution that provide short b. Any alien possessing the same qualifications as that of
term resident care for youthful offenders. a Filipino citizen, who has been living in the Philippines for at least
A. Shelter care Institution B. Nursery three (2) consecutive years
C. Foster Home c. Any alien or a Filipino citizen permanently residing
D. Detention Home abroad at least 27 years old
72. Barangay Funds may be appropriated to provide annual d. None of these
scholarship for… 83. Who among the following may be adopted?
A. Delinquent children a. Any person eighteen (18) years of age and below
B. Parentless children judicially declared available for adoption
C. Indigent children b. a child whose biological or adoptive parents has died,
D. Homeless children but proceedings may only be initiated after six (3) months from
73. Children shall be given priority during __________ as a result the time of the death of the parents
of armed conflict. c. a child whose adoption has been previously rescinded
A. Education d. The legitimate son or daughter of you and your spouse
B. Evacuation
C. Treatment 84. It is used to denote those various offenses committed by
D. War children under the age of 18
74. Dependent, rebellious, selfish, demanding, impatient and A. Juvenile delinquency
emotional B. Juvenile acts
A. Adult ego state C. Juvenile crime
B. Child ego state D. Juvenile delinquent
C. Parent ego state 85. Offender who is less than eighteen years old is classified as:
D. None of these A. Juvenile delinquent
75. Educational system should extend particular care and B. child in conflict with the law
attention to young persons, who are at… C. Youthful offender
A. Risk D. child at risk
B. Social risk 86. One of the following is a least cause of juvenile delinquency:
C. Emotional Risk A. Neglected homes
D. Security Risk B. Police inefficiency
76. How many months are needed in order for the child to be C. Lack of proper guidance
considered as abandoned? D. Delinquent parents
A. 3 months 87. The following are examples of delinquency except one:
B. 9 months A. Children out of parental control
C. 6 months B. Children with high grades in school
D. 2 months C. School dropouts without justifiable reasons

D. Waywardness of children D. Prevention
88. The goal of any juvenile justice system is to – 99. Which system refers to legislation, norms, and standards,
A. Ensure that children are in school procedures, mechanisms, institutions, and bodies specifically
B. Punish and inculcate discipline among children applicable to juvenile offenders?
C. Remove children from streets A. Criminal justice
D. Save children from becoming criminals B. Barangay justice
89. The most effective institution for control of juvenile C. Retributive justice
delinquency is. D. Restorative justice
A. The Church 100. DECEMBER 2021, A delinquent characterized by emotional
B. The control of the Police disturbances that may lead to mental illness.
C. The School A. environmental delinquent
D. The Home B. emotionally maladjusted delinquent
90. The period when a person gets liberated from parents’ C. psychiatric delinquent
authority is called? D. all of them
A. Period of Conception 101. Delinquency is not deeply rooted, and motives for
B. Period of Adoption delinquency and means for controlling it are often relatively
C. Period of Emancipation simple.
D. Menstrual Period a. Individual Delinquency
91. Which statement exemplifies that without the very source of b. Group-deported Delinquency
strength and courage of individual, man may develop fear and c. Organized Delinquency
inferiority? d. Situational delinquencies
a. It is through companionship where warmth is felt by a child. 102. Committed in companionship with others and the cause is
b. Security is the state of being secure, specifically freedom from located not in the personality of the individual or in the
danger, risk, care and delinquent’s family but in the culture of the individual’s home and
apprehension. neighborhood.
c. This is one thing needed in a family for a child. a. Individual Delinquency
d. Children's accomplishments and resourcefulness deserve b. Group-deported Delinquency
appreciation and reward c. Organized Delinquency
92. DECEMBER 2017, What do we call the psychological, d. Situational delinquencies
emotional and behavioral reactions and deficits of women victims 103. Delinquents would be one who is law-abiding most of the
and their inability to respond effectively to repeated physical and time but who has a lapse of judgment. They involve himself
psychological violence? accidentally in a delinquent activity.
A. Woman Menopausal Syndrome a. Gang Organized Delinquency
B. Battered Woman Syndrome b. Unsocialized Delinquents
C. battered child syndrome c. Accidental Delinquency
D. M'Naghten Rule d. Occasional Offender
93. DECEMBER 2017, It is the psychological, emotional and 104. They are same as accidental delinquent but they are not
behavioral reactions and deficits of habitual.
women victims and their inability to respond to repeated physical a. Gang Organized Delinquency
and psychological violence? b. Unsocialized Delinquents
a. Battered Woman Syndrome c. Accidental Delinquency
b. Battered Wife d. Occasional Offender
c. Abused Woman 105. This category involves those juveniles who often suffer from
d. Rape trauma syndrome the frustration or inability to achieve goals of middle class and
TENSION BUILD -UP, ACUTE BATTERING, TRANQUIL LOVING come from backward areas and often express themselves and try
PHASE (HONEYMOON) must be 2x to achieve their objectives through their gang.
94. A medical diagnosis based on evidence indicating that the a. Gang Organized Delinquency
child has been subjected to a pattern of serious and unexplained b. Unsocialized Delinquents
abused. c. Accidental Delinquency
A. Woman Menopausal Syndrome d. Occasional Offender
B. Battered Woman Syndrome 106. They are delinquent group secretly trained in doing illegal
C. battered child syndrome – coined by Dr. C. Henry Kempe activities
D. M'Naghten Rule a. Socialized delinquency
95. Time for hospitals to tell authorities regarding child abuse or b. Over-inhibited
maltreated child c. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents
a. 24 hrs d. Psychiatric Delinquents
b. 36 hrs 107. A stage where there is substancial increase in variety and
c. 48 hrs seriousness of his delinquent acts
d. 72 hrs a. Emergence
96. Under PD 603, what do we call a person under 18 years old b. Exploration
who committed a crime? c. Explosion – 13 yrs old
A. Child B. Youthful Offender d. Conflagration
C. Juvenile D. Child in Conflict with 108. A pathway to delinquency during at early age having
the Law stubborn behavior
97. DECEMBER 2017, System dealing with children at risk and a. Authority conflict pathway
children in conflict with the law, which provides child-appropriate b. Covert pathway
proceedings, including programs and services for prevention, c. Overt pathway
diversion, rehabilitation, re-integration and aftercare to ensure d. Nota
their normal growth and development. 109. They are aggressive youth who recent the authority of
a. Criminal justice system anyone who make an effort to control hie behavior.
b. Criminal procedure a. Social
c. Juvenile justice system b. Neurotic
d. Restorative justice c. Asocial
98. Which of the following is NOT a part of the working definition d. Accidental
of restorative justice? 110. His delinquent act have a cold, brutal, furious, quality for
A. Isolation which the youth feels no remorse.
B. Diversion a. Social
C. Protection b. Neurotic

c. Asocial B. Taking the custody of the child
d. Accidental C. Initial contact with the child
111. When children considered to be slow learners are grouped, D. Initial investigation of the child
they come to see themselves in an unfavorable light and therefore 125. It is the mental incapacity of an individual to understand the
will result to dislike school, to truancy and even to delinquency. difference between right from wrong and its consequences.
a. School Tracking A. Discernment
b. Grade retention B. Judgment
c. All of the above C. Abnormality
d. Nota D. Sane
112. According to their study, children rated “Retention” as the 126. This provides temporary protection and care to children
most stressful event they could suffer next to blindness or death requiring emergency reception.
of parents. A. Receiving home
a. Yamamoto and Byrness B. Shelter-care institution
b. Smith and Shepard C. Reception home
c. Lucy flower and Julia Lathrop D. Youth home
d. Nota 127. A principle that requires a process of resolving conflicts with
113. Under RA 9344, a child who is exactly 15 years of age is the maximum involvement of the victim, the offender and the
______ from criminal liability. community.
A. Exempted B. Not exempted A. Retributive Justice B. Juvenile Justice
C. Mitigated D. Aggravated C. Criminal Justice D. Restorative Justice
114. Under the new law, what is the age of emancipation? 128. A community based program for intervention that includes
A. 15 B. 18 measures to assist children at risk. This statement refers to?
C. 21 D. 25 A. Primary intervention
115. What do we call children who are in a places of war? B. Tertiary intervention
A. Child in Warzone Area C. Secondary intervention
B. Child Soldiers D. None of these
C. Child in Conflict Zone 129. Refers to the program that the child in conflict with the law
D. Child in Conflict with the Law is required to undergo after he/she is found responsible for an
116. What institution is being termed as the “cradle of human offense without resorting to formal court proceedings.
personality”? A. Intervention
A. School B. Diversion program
B. Home C. Rehabilitation
C. Church D. Reintegration
D. Police 130. An institution that provides care, custody, protection and
117. What is the primary right of parents? maintenance of children for placement in any child-caring
A. To provide for the child’s quality education institution or home or under the care and custody of persons for
B. To provide for the child’s shelter purposes of adoption, guardianship or foster care.
C. To provide for the child’s upbringing A. Child caring institution
D. To provide for the child’s clothing B. Maternity homes
118. What will happen to the sentence rendered by the court to C. Child placing agency
a boy of 17 who raped a girl of his age? D. Receiving homes
A. Mitigated 131. Kardo who is 15 years old can be employed provided that he
B. Suspended can work from ___ .
C. Serve a. 6am to 8 am
D. Commuted b. 6am to 10 pm
119. Which of the following is not an element of social bonding? c. 8am to 6pm
A. Attachment d. 10pm to 6am
B. Commitment 132. In the history, this period is beginning of reason and
C. Involvement humanism. In what century the enlightenment appear?
D. Conscience A. 17th century B. 18th century
120. Which of the following should not released to the press by C. 19th century D. 20th century
the police officer? 133. It is considered as the cradle of human personality.
A. Length of investigation A. Home B. Family
B. Juveniles age C. School D. Church
C. Juveniles name 134. A place of residence whose primary function is to give shelter
D. Type of crime committed and care to pregnant women and their infants.
121. Delinquency prevention programs are intended primarily to: A. Receiving homes
A. streamline juvenile court process B. Shelter care institution
B. prevent young people from getting into trouble with the law C. Youth homes
C. make the people more effective in dealing with juveniles D. Maternity homes
D. rehabilitate young people who are drug users 135. Refers to a 24-hour residential care facility that provides
122. This may include the presence of both parents but who are care, treatment and rehabilitation services for children in conflict
irresponsible that children experience constant quarrel in the with the law.
home. A. Receiving home
A. Separated Home B. Youth rehabilitation center
B. Delinquent Home C. Child caring institution
C. Disturbed Home D. Maternity home
D. Broken Home 136. In the Philippines, what is the age of absolute responsibility?
123. DECEMBER 2021, Which child is determined by the LSWDO A. infancy to nine years old
to have been maltreated whether habitual or not? B. eighteen to seventy years old
A. Dependent C. between nine and fifteen years old
B. Abused D. seventy years old and above
C. Neglected 137. It is the process of rectifying or modifying a child’s negative
D. Abandoned attitude and behavior. It enables the child to change his/her
124. Refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a child negative behavior into something positive and acceptable to the
in conflict with the law by the law enforcement officers or private community.
citizens. A. Intervention
A. Arrest of the child B. Diversion program

C. Rehabilitation B. Breed v. Jones
D. Reintegration C. Miranda v. Arizona
138. When the child has no proper parental care or guardianship D. In re: Winship
or when the child’s parents or guardians have deserted him/her 149. it established proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the
for a period of at least six continuous months. What is this standard for juvenile adjudication proceedings, eliminating lesser
statement referring to? standards such as a preponderance of the evidence, clear and
A. Abandoned Child convincing proof and reasonable proof.
B. Dependent Child A. Case Law
C. Neglected Child B. Breed v. Jones
D. Abused Child C. Miranda v. Arizona
139. Refers to offenses which discriminate only against a child, D. In re: Winship
while an adult does not suffer any penalty for committing similar 150. The supreme court upheld the state's right to place juveniles
acts. in preventive detention. Preventive detention was perceived as
A. Misdemeanor fulfilling a legitimate state interest of protecting society and
B. Status Offense juveniles by detaining those who might be dangerous to society
C. Offense or to themselves.
D. Felony a. In re gault
140. Otherwise known as Special Protection of Children Against b. American Bar Association
Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act. c. Schall v. Martin
A. RA 7658 d. Nota
B. PD 603 151. The Law established by the history of judicial decisions in
C. RA 7610 cases decided by judges, as opposed to common law which is
D. RA 9344 developed from the history of judicial decisions and social
141. Otherwise known as An Act Prohibiting the Employment of customs.
Children? A. Case Law
A. RA 7658 B. Breed v. Jones
B. PD 603 C. Miranda v. Arizona
C. RA 7610 D. Matt v. Jeff
D. RA 9344 152. The filing of legal papers by a child welfare agency when its
142. The most common legal grounds for termination of parental investigation has turned up evidence of child abuse. This is a civil,
rights, also a form of child abuse in most states. Sporadic visits, a rather than criminal, charge designed to take preventive action,
few phone calls, or birthday cards are not sufficient to maintain like appointment of a guardian for at-risk children before abuse
parental rights. occurs.
A. Exploitation A. Child prosecution
B. Abuse B. Child protection action
C. Neglect C. Parens Patriae
D. Abandonment D. Preliminary investigation
143. Which of the following is defined as acts or omissions by a 153.The act of being responsible for enforcing child support
legal caretaker that encompasses a broad range of acts, and obligations is known as
usually requires proof of intent. A. Child’s care
A. Abuse B. Parental Guidance
B. Exploitation C. Child at risk
C. Neglect D. Child support
D. Abandonment 154. Is a self-association of peers, bound together by mental
144.The phase of a delinquency hearing similar to a "trial" in adult interest, who acted in concert in order to achieve a specific
criminal court, except that juveniles have no right to a jury trial, purpose which includes the conduct of illegal activities and control
a public trial, or bail. over a particular territory, facility or type of enterprises.
A. Acquittal a. Juvenile gang
B. Conviction b. Organized criminal
C. Adjudication c. a bond
D. Entertainment d. youth gang
145. Any of the processes involving enforcement of care, custody, 155. This includes those delinquents who would have criminal
or support orders by an executive agency rather than by courts records and generally who were neglected and rejected from
or judges. home and are prone to physical violence.
A. Criminal procedure a. Occasional Offender
B. Administrative procedure b. Professional Delinquency
C. Summary procedure c. Unsocialized Delinquents
D. Trial d. Gang Organized Delinquency
146. A legal relationship between two people not biologically 156. It a phase of delinquency proceeding similar to "sentencing"
related, usually terminating the rights of biological parents, and phase of adult trial. The judge must consider alternative,
usually with a trial "live-in" period. Once it is finalized, the records innovative, and individualized sentences rather than imposing
are sealed and only the most compelling interests will enable standard sentences.
disclosure of documents. A. Preliminary investigation
A. Adoption B. Judgment
B. Foster parenting C. Disposition
C. Common law relationship D. Probationary period
D. Brotherhood 157. the preliminary investigation of the case of the CICL shall be
147. What is the legal doctrine establishing court as determiner terminated within _________
of best environment for raising child which is an alternative to the a. 15 days
Parens Patriae Doctrine? b. 30 days
A. Rights of Society c. 45 days
B. Miranda Doctrine d. 60 days
C. Best interest of the Child Rule
D. Parental Obligation 158. The diversion period shall be _____
148.What was the case that allowed second prosecution in adult a. 15 days
court for conviction in juvenile court which was based on idea that b. 30 days
first conviction was a "civil" matter? c. 45 days
A. Case Law d. 60 days

159. A clause requiring government to treat similarly situated C. Children in conflict with the law
people the same or have good reason for treating them D. Children at risk
differently. Compelling reasons are considered to exist for treating 171. A child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having
children differently. committed an offense under Philippine laws is considered
A. Bill of Rights A. Child at risk
B. Equal Protection B. Child in conflict with the law
C. Parens Patriae C. Minor offense
D. Diversion D. Juvenile offender
160. What is the legal doctrine preventing unemancipated 172. The apprehension or taking into custody of a child in conflict
children from suing their parents? with the law by law enforcement officers or private citizens is
A. Parens Patriae Doctrine termed as:
B. Equal Protection A. Arrest
C. Family Immunity Doctrine B. Initial contact
D. Poisonous Tree Doctrine C. Child custody
161. What is the legal doctrine holding parents liable for injuries D. All of the above
caused by a child's negligent driving or other actions? 173. The series of activities designed to address issues that
A. Family Purpose Doctrine caused the child to commit an offense. It may take the form of an
B. Family Immunity Doctrine individualized treatment program, which may include counseling,
C. Parens Patriae Doctrine skills training, education, and other activities that will enhance
D. None of the above his/her psychological, emotional and psycho-social well-being is
162. Guardian ad litem means: called
A. “For the Proceeding" A. reformation guide
B. “Protection of child by the law” B. intervention
C. “Guardians of the little children” C. diversion
D. “Legal authority” D. welfare procedures
163. Informations obtained surrounding the circumstances about 174. An undertaking in lieu of a bond assumed by a parent or
the child shall be treated as _____ custodian who shall be responsible for the appearance in court of
a. Confidential the child in conflict with the law, when required is known as
b. Secret A. Status offense
c. Privileged B. None of these
d. Important C. Recognizance
e. Nota D. Bail
164.Teachers, administrators, and babysitters who are viewed as 175. What is the type of offense committed where there is no
having some temporary parental rights & obligations are private offended party involved?
considered A. Status offense
A. Guardianship B. Victimless crime
B. Order of Authority C. Minor crime
C. In Loco Parentis D. None of these
D. Parens Patriae 176. What is the doctrine that requires a process of resolving
165. What is the legal doctrine establishing "parental" role of state conflicts with the maximum involvement of the victim, the
over welfare of its citizens, especially its children? offender and the community?
A. Guardianship A. Proactive justice
B. Order of Authority B. Restorative justice
C. In Loco Parentis C. Reactive justice
D. Parens Patriae D. All of the above
166.The emergency, temporary custody by a child welfare 177. What is the generic term for a minor who committed crime?
agency, police agency, or hospital for reasons of imminent danger a. Youthful offender
to the child is called b. CICL
A. Preventive detention c. Juvenile delinquent
B. Diversion d. Minor offender
C. Witness protection program 178. DECEMBER 2021, Which refers to capacities enabling
D. Protective custody adjudication of decisions, enforcement of remedies and
167. What is the legal doctrine granting custody to the parent accountability of the process through civil society and
whom the child feels the greatest emotional attachment to? parliamentary oversight?
A. Psychological Parent A. Normative protection
B. Maternity B. Supply of remedies
C. Paternity C. Demand for remedies
D. Parental Selection D. Customary protection
168. In those legal systems recognizing the concept of the age of 179. DECEMBER 2021, Which is NOT a physically neglected child?
criminal responsibility for juveniles, the beginning of that age shall A. Ill-clad without proper shelter
not be fixed at too law an age level, bearing in mind the facts of B. Mentally subnormal
emotional, mental and intellectual maturity C. Child who is unattended when left by himself without provision
a. Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR) of his needs and/or without proper supervision
b. Doctrine of Doli Incapax D. When a child is malnourished
c. Age or irresponsibility 180. DECEMBER 2021, The ____________ presupposes that child
d. All of the above offenders are also afforded all
169. Kardo, a 16 year old child committed a crime punishable with the rights of a CICL until he/she is proven to be eighteen (18)
more than 6 years imprisonment. What would happen next if it years old or older.
was proven that he committed such crime with discernment? A. presumption of innocence
a. Court proceeding B. presumption of constitutionality
b. Intervention C. presumption of regularity
c. Diversion D. presumption of minority
d. Suspension of sentence 181. It is said that the home is the cradle of human personality,
170. Children who are vulnerable to and at the risk of committing for it where the child develops his fundamental attitudes and
criminal offenses because of personal, family and social habits that last throughout his life
circumstances are considered a. school
A. Abused Children b. community
B. Neglected Children c. barangay

d. family b. Research
182. June 2018 CLE, A Child deserted by his parents or guardians c. Basic research
by three continuous months is considered as__________. d. Re-search
a. Abandoned 4. This implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two
b. Neglected variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes
c. Abused the effects of other factors affecting the relationship.
d. None of these a. Systematic
183. JUNE 2018 CLE, The most common legal grounds for b. Controlled
termination of parental rights, also a form of child abuse in most c. Rigorous
states. Sporadic visits, a few phone calls, or birthday cards are d. Critical
not sufficient to maintain parental rights. e. Empirical
a. Exploitation 5. Kardo while conducting a research is very thorough to make
b. Abuse sure that the proper procedures are relevant, appropriate and
c. Neglect justified.
d. Abandonment a. Systematic
184. JUNE 2018 CLE, Refers to a 24-hour childcaring institution b. Controlled
established, funded and managed by local government units c. Rigorous
(LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited nongovernment d. Critical
organizations (NGOs) providing short-term residential care for e. Empirical
children inconflict with the law who are above fifteen (15) but 5. Which of the following steps that is not a part of Scientific
below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting Method?
court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or a. Data collection
jurisdiction. b. Identification of a problem
a. Youth-Rehabilitation center c. Drawing of conclusion
b. Youth-Detention Home = kapag 15 yrs old and below d. Information Dissemination
c. Bahay Pag-asa =as provided by RA 10630(sec.2 amending sec. 6. Kardo concluded that graduates of Inter-galactic University
4 of RA 9344) from the past 20 years were employable but the data he gathered
d. Bantay Bata 163 shows a very low rate of employed alumni from the said years.
185. Offenses which discriminate only against a child, while an What characteristic of good research that Kardo must observe?
adult does not suffer any penalty for committing similar acts. a. Systematic
These shall include curfew violations; truancy, parental b. Controlled
disobedience and the like. c. Rigorous
a. Child offense d. Critical
b. Status offense e. Empirical
c. Delinquency 7. This can be achieved to a large extent in the physical sciences,
d. All of these as most of the research is done in a laboratory.
186. Which of the following became the model institution for all a. Systematic
American juvenile offenders? b. Controlled
a. House of ill refute c. Rigorous
b. Bridewell Palace d. Critical
c. Reformatory school e. Empirical
d. House of refuge 8. It is defined as methods such as surveys and experiments that
187. Which of the following is characterized by emotional record variation in social life in terms of categories that vary in
disturbances that may lead to many illnesses? amount.
a. Abnormal a. Quantitative method
b. Environmental b. Qualitative method
c. Psychiatric c. All of the above
d. Emotionally maladjusted d. Nota
188. Program organized by travel & tourism related
establishments & individuals: tourism packages utilizing & offering 8. It maybe a question about the unknown characteristics of a
escort & sexual services. population or about factors that explain the presence or
a. Sex traffic occurrence of a phenomenon.
b. Sex tourism a. Problem
c. Sex canvass b. Analysis Problem
d. Nota c. Research Problem
d. Critical Problem
9. It is one of the legal bases of research that says “Science and
VII. CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND technology are essential for national development and progress.
The State shall give priority to research and development,
STATISTICS THESIS WRITING AND
invention, innovation, and their utilization; and to science and
PRESENTATION technology education, training, and services. It shall support
indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant scientific and
1. It focused on the determination and understanding why crimes technological capabilities, and their application to the country’s
are being committed and try to give explanation to it. productive systems and national life.”
a. Criminological research a. Section 14 Article X of 1987 Philippine Constitution
b. Behavioral science b. Section 10 article XIV of 1987 Philippine Constitution
c. Sociology c. Section 4 Article X of 1987 Philippine Constitution
d. Nota d. Section 10 Article IV of 1987 Philippine Constitution
2. Research is being undertaken within a framework of a set of 10. This is the primary focus of crime research wherein
______ which means approaches either qualitative, quantitative information is collected without changing the environment, that
and the academic discipline in which you have been trained. is, nothing is manipulated. Sometimes these are referred to as
a. Validity “correlational” or “observational” studies.
b. Philosophies a. Evaluation research
c. Research instrument b. Explanatory research
d. Research design c. Descriptive research
3. It means to investigate thoroughly, basically a systematic d. Evaluation research
collection of data for the purpose of explaining, describing or
making predictors.
a. Criminological research

Exploratory Research - For most purposes, it produces a. Hypothesis
qualitative data. Generally, its techniques simply involve b. Scope and delamination of the study
conversations between a researcher and the people being c. Theoretical of conceptual framework
studied. Although the researcher may guide the conversation d. Statement of the problem
across certain issues, the questioning is usually informal and semi 21. In the SMART guide, M stands for?
structured. a. Meaningful
Explanatory Research - It aims to identify the causes and b. Measurable
effects of a social phenomenon. Some example questions include, c. Meaningless
“why do children from broken families tend to commit crimes than d. Meticulous
children from fully functional families?” Attributes of Good Research Problem
Evaluation Research - this type of research seeks to determine S = Specific – specifically stated
the effects of a social program or other types of crime M = Measurable – easy to measure by using research instrument
interventions. in collection of data
11. This method of data collection used in exploratory research A = Achievable – data are achievable using correct statistical
has the idea to produce a sense of synergy among the treatment/techniques to arrive at precise results
participants, which should in theory, result in a richer and more R = Realistic – real results are not manipulated
fruitful discussion. T = Time-bound – time frame is required in every activity because
a. Focus group interviews the shorter completion
b. Depth interviews of the activity the better
c. Either a or b 22. In the SMART guide, R stands for?
d. Neither a nor b a. Reliable
12. It is an emergent, inductive, interpretative and naturalistic b. Real
approach to the study of people, cases, phenomena, social c. Realistic
situation and processes in their natural settings in order to reveal d. Relevant
in descriptive terms the meanings that people attach to their 23. This refers to a statement that requires proof of its
experiences of the world. truthfulness.
a. Quantitative method a. Hypothesis
b. Qualitative method b. assumption
c. All of the above c. Theoretical of conceptual framework
d. Nota d. Statement of the problem
13. This type of research emphasizes verbal descriptions of 24. It briefly synthesizes past and current research findings and
human behavior and practices to understand how the units or the recommendations on the problem being investigated.
members of the population experience or explain their own world. a. Introduction
a. Qualitative research b. Review of related literature
b. Explanatory research c. Methodology
c. Quantitative research d. Conclusion
d. Exploratory research 25. The focus is on finding or developing a more suitable
14. It is the study of crime, criminality and victimization as they instrument or process than has been available.
relate, first, to particular places, and secondly, to the way that a. Applied Research
individuals and organizations shape their activities spatially, and b. Developmental Research
in so doing are in turn influenced by place-based or spatial factors. c. Basic or pure Research
a. Biology and Criminology d. Action Research
b. Environmental criminology 26. It is geared towards providing answers to the research
c. Behavioral science questions as stated in the significance of the research and the
d. Neurocriminology objective as set.
15. The main function of this part of criminological research is to a. Introduction
catch the interest of the readers. b. Review of related literature
a. Introduction c. Methodology
b. Review of related literature d. Conclusion
c. Methodology 27. This is referred to the approach used in the study.
d. Conclusion a. Locale of the study
16. This section explains the reason for the conducting the study b. Research design
or the justification why the study is important as viewed on its c. Sampling procedure
usefulness to the community. d. Data gathering procedure
a. Introduction 28. This refers to publications where authors cite the work of
b. Review of related literature others. The most common are books, reviews, yearbooks and
c. Methodology encyclopedias.
d. Conclusion a. Secondary sources
17. This reflects similar events or incidents as reference to the b. Glossary
present study. c. General reference
a. Background as an introduction d. Primary sources.
b. Rationale as an introduction 29. This provides answers to the nature and extent of data to be
c. Theoretical of conceptual framework collected, how the researcher proposes to collect them and how
d. Statement of the problem the data should be processed to provide necessary information
18. With this type of introduction, the researcher may introduce for analysis.
his or her grounds as to why he is conducting the study and what a. Locale of the study
are his justifications on the usefulness of the outputs of his study. b. Research design
a. Background as an introduction c. Sampling procedure
b. Rationale as an introduction d. Data gathering procedure
c. Theoretical of conceptual framework 30. It involves three major steps: data preparation, descriptive
d. Statement of the problem statistics and inferential statistics.
19. It is equivalent to research design in other sciences. a. Data analysis
a. Hypothesis b. Research design
b. Scope and delamination of the study c. Sampling procedure
c. Theoretical of conceptual framework d. Data gathering procedure
d. Statement of the problem 31. It refers to the description of the basic features of the data
20. It states what the researcher expects to achieve and why it for the study.
should be undertaken. a. Data preparation

b. Data statistics c. Applied statistics
c. Inferential statistics d. Statistics
d. All of the above 44. It is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection,
32. Through it, the researcher tries to infer from a given sample analysis, interpretation and representation of data.
data what the population really is or make probability declarations a. Geometry
on the differences between groups as a dependable judgment or b. Calculus
had simply happened by chance. c. Statistics
a. Data preparation d. Algebra
b. Data statistics 45. It is a branch of science which deals with: collection of data,
c. Inferential statistics organizing and summarizing the data, analyses of data and
d. All of the above making inferences, or decisions and predictions.
33. It answers the question “what have you found out or learn a. Geometry
from the entire data collected”. b. Calculus
a. Introduction c. Statistics
b. Review of related literature d. Algebra
c. Methodology 46. Its main objective is to describe a data set.
d. Conclusion a. Descriptive statistics
34. These are numbers where the order of the numbers does not b. Inferential statistics
matter. c. Theoretical statistics
a. Nominal measurement d. Conceptual statistics
b. Ordinal measurement 47. Its main goals is to make a conclusion about a population
c. Interval measurement based off of a sample of data from that population.
d. Ratio measurement a. Descriptive statistics
35. It is the average value of the given observations. b. Inferential statistics
a. Mean c. Theoretical statistics
b. Median d. Conceptual statistics
c. Mode 48. It is one of the types of inferential statistics that is used in
d. Range ordinal or rank or nominal data.
Mean - is the average value of the given observations a. Parametric test
Median - is the middle value of the given observations b. Non-parametric test
Mode - is the most repeated value in the given observation c. Univariate
36. A common example of this include ranking-based d. Bivariate
questionnaires, where the participants are asked to rank items 49. What are the principal ways of designating the average value
from the least favorite to most favorite. of a list of numbers?
a. Nominal measurement a. Mean
b. Ordinal measurement b. Median
c. Interval measurement c. Mode
d. Ratio measurement d. All of the above
37. This is when the data ordered and have a consistent distance 50. It is the middle value in a list ordered from the smallest to
between numbers, but has a “zero point”. largest.
a. Nominal measurement a. Mean
b. Ordinal measurement b. Median
c. Interval measurement c. Mode
d. Ratio measurement d. All of the above
38. The researcher often take notes or uses technology to gather 51. It is one of the qualities of good research instrument otherwise
data, such as voice recorder or video camera. known as practicability and it is a degree to which the research
a. Direct observation instrument can be satisfactorily used.
b. Participant observation a. Usability
c. Close-ended questionnaires/survey b. Reliability
d. Open-ended questionnaires c. Validity
39. The researcher interacts directly with the participants to get a d. Consistency
better understanding of the research topic. 52. In an experimental study, a threat to validity occurs when the
a. Direct observation elements or subjects selected for the experimental group is very
b. Participant observation different from those selected for the control group.
c. Close-ended questionnaires/survey a. Selection
d. Open-ended questionnaires b. History
40. These types of questionnaires are the opposite of “multiple c. Testing
choices” questionnaires because the answer boxes are left open d. Maturation
for the participant to complete. This means that participants can 53. It is used to show relationships among these ideas and how
write short or extended answers to the questions. they relate to the research study.
a. Close-ended questionnaires/survey a. Descriptive statistics
b. Open-ended questionnaires b. Inferential statistics
c. Unstructured interviews c. Theoretical statistics
d. Semi-structured interviews d. Conceptual statistics
41. This requires asking the same questions for each interview, 54. It is research designed to discover relationships among
but keeping their responses flexible. variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present
a. Structured interviews knowledge.
b. Unstructured interviews a. Descriptive research
c. Semi-structured interviews b. Correlational research
d. All of the above c. Experimental research
42. They are sometimes called life history interviews. d. Criminological research
a. Structured interviews 55. It is all about learning what treatments or strategies work best
b. Unstructured interviews to improve outcomes and making a difference in what matters
c. Semi-structured interviews most to people.
d. All of the above a. Applied research
43. It is the root of data analysis. b. Explanatory research
a. Applied science c. Exploratory research
b. Social science d. Intervention research

56. It is curiosity driven. It is motivated by a desire to expand b. Non-index crimes
knowledge and involves the acquisition of knowledge for c. Crime solution efficiency
knowledge’s sake. d. Crime rate
a. Applied research 68. Kardo killed his three previous wives despite the fact that he
b. Explanatory research is professional, came from a well-known and wealthy family. As a
c. Exploratory research criminologist, what kind of study will you going to conduct?
d. Basic research a. Case study
57. It includes the use of survey research, field research and b. Causal and effect
evaluation research. c. Experimental
a. Quantitative research d. Ethnographic
b. Qualitative research 69. This is the document that shows your panel has approved the
c. All of the above content of your thesis or dissertation, and a copy of it will remain
d. Nota in your official records.
58. This means that the research is not based upon a subjective a. Approval sheet
interpretation of the observations but aims to be a more objective b. Abstract
and impartial analysis based on the numerical findings. c. Title page
a. Quantitative research d. Acknowledgment
b. Qualitative research 70. It is a brief summary of a research article, thesis or any in-
c. All of the above depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the
d. Nota reader quickly ascertain the papers' purpose.
59. It provides the background information to make the readers a. Dedication
understand the study. b. Abstract
a. Introduction c. Introduction
b. Review of related literature d. Acknowledgment
c. Methodology 71. It is general measure of law enforcement agency’s
d. Conclusion investigative capability or efficiency.
60. It should spell out the problem by pointing out the information a. Average monthly crime rate
gaps based on literatures or reports of recognized agencies. b. Variance
a. Introduction c. Crime solution efficiency
b. Review of related literature d. Crime rate
c. Methodology 72. It is one way of analyzing crime trends. It measures the
d. Conclusion percentage change over a given period of time.
61. Pedro committed theft in January 2015. In what year should a. Average monthly crime rate
the crime volume be included? b. Variance
a. 2014 c. Crime solution efficiency
b. 2015 d. Crime rate
c. 2016 73. It is the number of crime incidents committed in a given area
d. 2017 over a period of time which include the index and non-index
62. Juan committed robbery and he was charged with the offense crimes.
in January 2015. He was apprehended in October 2015. In what a. Crime volume
year should this crime be included in the crime solution efficiency? b. Crime rate
a. 2014 c. Crime statistics
b. 2015 d. Nota
c. 2016 74. An author’s statement recognized his use of the works of other
d. 2017 authors or a declaration or avowal of one’s act of a fact to give it
63. Francisco committed murder in 2013 but he was only arrested legal validity.
in 2015. The case should be included in the crime volume for what a. Dedication
year? b. Abstract
a. 2014 c. Introduction
b. 2015 d. Acknowledgment
c. 2013 75. When were we going to define a problem?
d. 2017 a. when the solution is already done
64. It describes the numbers of crimes reported to law b. when the problem is partially solved
enforcement agencies per 100,000 total population. c. when the problem is already identified
a. Average monthly crime rate d. when the solution is already discovered
b. Variance 76. In doing a research, what is the first thing a researcher does
c. Crime solution efficiency for the problem to be studied.
d. Crime rate a. enumerating the first problem
65. These include all reckless imprudence resulting in homicide, b. determining the cause of the problem
physical injury and damage to property incidents, as reported to c. research the problem
the police. d. identify and clearly define the problem
a. Index crimes 77. A research problem can only be investigated if resources like
b. Non-index crimes time, money, and personnel are available.
c. Crime solution efficiency a. A research problem must be feasible (
d. Crime rate possible/realistic)
66. A case id considered solved when the following elements b. A research problem must be clear
occur: c. A research problem must be ethical
a. The offender has been identified d. A research problem must be appropriate
b. There is sufficient evidence to charge him 78. Occurs when a researcher uses his findings on the
c. The offender has been taken into custody characteristics of groups to explain characteristics of individuals.
d. The offender has been charged before the prosecutor’s a. Ecological Fallacy
office or court of appropriate jurisdiction b. Individualistic fallacy.
e. All of the above c. Reductionism
67. These are crimes which are sufficiently significant and which d. Nota
occur with sufficient regularity to be meaningful. Crimes which 79. This part presents what is covered by the study that directly
include the following: murder, physical injury, robbery, theft and gives answer to the objectives.
rape. a. Hypothesis
a. Index crimes b. Scope and delimitation of the study

c. Theoretical of conceptual framework c. Trend Studies
d. Statement of the problem d. Panel Studies
80. It involves random selection, allowing you to make strong 91. This reflects the end result of the study.
statistical inferences about the whole group. a. Introduction
a. Probability sampling b. Review of related literature
b. Non-probability sampling c. Methodology
c. Simple random sampling d. Conclusion
d. Systematic sampling 92. These types of questionnaire or surveys are like “multiple
81. Some researchers cannot answer their research questions choices” tests, where participants must select from a list of
because they do not have clear measures of their variables. A premade answers.
variable must be _____________ according to how it is a. Close-ended questionnaires/survey
used in the study, so that it can be properly measured. b. Open-ended questionnaires
a. learned correctly c. Direct observation
b. operationally defined d. Participant observation
c. precisely observed 93. you want to study a cohort of babies born in Dumaguete City
d. analyze in 2010, you generate a sample of 500 out of 2000 babies. In
82. This determines the area where the study is to be conducted, 2015, you conduct another data collection; this time, you
it may be presented in map or description of the place which generate another 500 five year old children born in 2010 in the
includes total area, total population and all other pertinent City. Then, you do the same procedure in 2020, 2025, and 2030.
information regarding the area. a. Cohort Studies
a. Locale of the study b. Panel Studies
b. Research design c. Trend Studies
c. Sampling procedure d. Cross-sectional – studies
d. Data gathering procedure 94. "Dissertation" comes from the Latin "dissertātiō", meaning
83. It refers to a quantity or a “characteristics” that has two or _____
more mutually exclusive values of properties a. Lesson
A. Indicator b. Learning
C. Hypothesis c. Discussion
B. Variable d. Argument
D. Theoretical framework 95. The term "thesis" comes from the Greek meaning ______
84. It is a factor that works between the independent and a. Something put forth
dependent variables. It can weaken (decrease) or strengthen b. Something to prove
(increase) the effect of the independent on the dependent c. Something to learn
variables. d. Something to study
a. Dependent variable 96. the research should be written in the
b. Independent variable a. 1st person
c. Antecedent variable b. 2nd person
d. Intervening variable c. 3rd person
85. It is sometimes known as the intervening variable d. 4th person
a. independent variable 97. The researcher does not interact or interfere with the
b. dependent variable participants.
c. moderator variable a. Direct observation
d. all of the above b. Participants observation
86. In research, such as a questionnaire or a measuring device, c. Close-ended questionnaires/survey
like a weighing scale or a thermometer is changed during the d. Open-ended questionnaires
study period between the pretest and the posttest, the change 98. This is a common research method when trying to understand
could result in an effect that is independent of the intervention another culture or community.
and yet, maybe attributed to it. a. Direct observation
a. Selection b. Participants observation
b. Instrumentation c. Close-ended questionnaires/survey
c. Testing d. Open-ended questionnaires
d. Maturation 99. This is the most common type of interview where researchers
87. These includes the subjects for the investigation where the aim to get specific information so they can compare it to other
pertinent information as required by the research problem. interview data.
a. Respondents a. Structured interviews
b. Informant b. Unstructured interviews
c. Participants c. Semi-structured interviews
d. All of the above d. All of the above
88. You were asked to conduct a study regarding the satisfactory 100. These are in-depth interviews where the researcher tries to
rate of the policemen in your city. The police station A and the understand an interviewee’s perspective on a situation or issue.
police station B are your respondent. What will be the design of a. Structured interviews
your study? b. Unstructured interviews
a. Descriptive c. Semi-structured interviews
b. Explanatory d. All of the above
c. Exploratory 101. It includes planning for the collection of data, managing
d. Ethnographic data, analyzing, interpreting and drawing conclusions from data,
89. It involves the checking of the collected data for accuracy, and identifying problems, solutions and opportunities using the
data encoding or data entry into an appropriate computer, analysis.
transforming the data into desired structure, and developing a a. Applied science
database that integrates the various data into a usable form. b. Social science
a. Data preparation c. Applied statistics
b. Data statistics d. APA
c. Inferential statistics 102. It compares data through mean, median and mode.
d. All of the above a. Geometry
90. collect data at one time, or the data collected cover only one b. Calculus
short period, say one year to two-year city crime data. c. Statistics
a. Cross-sectional – studies d. Algebra
b. Longitudinal studies

103. It utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for C. 7.095
patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in D. 5.095
a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form Crime Rate – the number of incidents in a given period of time for
that individuals can use to make decisions. every 100, 000 inhabitants of an area/place.
a. Descriptive statistics GIVEN: CV = 8500
b. Inferential statistics POPULATION = 105,000,000
c. Theoretical framework Formula: CR = 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 X 100,000
d. Conceptual framework POPULATION
104. It utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, CR = 8.095
predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data.
a. Descriptive statistics 116. In Region &, the recorded crime incidents on the calendar
b. Inferential statistics year 2014 were 3,500 and the report shows that 3,100 were
c. Theoretical framework declared solved by the PROVII. In a given scenario, what is the
d. Conceptual framework solution efficiency of the
105. An appeal to people or institutions concerned to solve the said PRO?
problems discovered in the study. A. 11.43 %
a. Conclusions B. 12.90%
b. Recommendations C. 88.55% -Nearest answer
c. Significance of study D. 112.90%
d. Summary of findings FORMULA:
CSE = No. of Solve Cases /Total No. of Reported Cases X100
106. It is the most frequently occurring value on the list. GIVEN: No. of Solve Cases: 3,100
a. Mean Total no. of Reported cases: 3,500
b. Median SOLUTION:
c. Mode CSE = 3,100/3,500 =0.88
d. All of the above CSE = 0.88571428571 X 100 = 88.57%
107. It includes one or more formal theories (in part or whole) as
well as other concepts and empirical findings from the literature. 117. If Metro Manila accounts for 26% of the national total crime
a. Descriptive statistics volume of 84, 875, how many crimes were reported to the police?
b. Inferential statistics a. 22, 868
c. Theoretical framework b. 22, 068
d. Conceptual framework c. 20, 250
108. It is research designed to provide a snapshot of the current d. 32, 644
state of affairs. *percentage share / local crime volume
a. Descriptive research Formula:
b. Correlational research �� = ncv x % (decimal form)
c. Experimental research lcv = 84,875 x 0.26
d. Criminological research lcv = 22,067.5 = 22, 068 crimes
109. It is research in which initial equivalence among research
participants in more than one group is created, followed by a 118. Murder cases numbered 180 in 2010 and 220 in 2011. What
manipulation of a given experience for theses groups and a was the percent increase?
measurement of the influence of the manipulation. a. + 22.2%
a. Descriptive research b. + 20.2%
b. Correlational research c. + 22.0%
c. Experimental research d. + 20.1%
d. Criminological research FORMULA:
110. It is designed to answer specific question aimed at solving % change = Current Data – Previous Data / Previous data X 100
practical problems. Current Data = 220
a. Applied research Previous Data =180
b. Explanatory research SOLUTION:
c. Exploratory research % change = 220 -180 = 40
d. Intervention research % change = 40/180 = 0.222222
111. It is intended to answer why, what or how questions and % change = 0.222222 x 100 = 22.2
increase understanding of fundamental principles. It does not
have immediate commercial objectives and although it certainly 119. In 2000 the police recorded a total of 84,875 crimes
could, it may not necessarily result in an invention or a solution committed. If the population was 62 million
to a practical problem. what was the crime rate?
a. Applied research a. 139.6
b. Explanatory research b. 193.6
c. Exploratory research c. 136.9
d. Basic research d. 163.9
113. It is a dissertation embodying results of original research and CR = CV/ POPULATION X 100,000 CR = 84,875 / 62,000,000 =
especially substantiating a specific view. 0.0013689 CR = 0.0013689 X 100,000 = 136.9
a. Position paper
b. Essay 120. DECEMBER 2021, It implies that the scientific method should
c. Thesis be used in the study of criminology to make it credible and it refers
d. Nota to what?
114. These are foreign unpublished articles a. Verified Principles
a. Foreign Literature b. Applied Research
b. Local Literature c. Dogmatic principles
c. Foreign Studies d. Pragmatic Principles
d. Local Studies 121. Patrolman Dan de la Cruz is assigned with the PNP Human
115. DECEMBER 2021, In the Philippines, there were 8,500 Resource and Doctrine Development
homicide incidents reported to the authorities in 2019 that the and He was tasked to determine the schooling of choice of newly
population of the country is 105,000,000, what is the crime rate graduated recruits using collegiate
for homicide in the same year? course and gender. For this purpose, he used explanatory
A. 8.095 research because
B. 6.095 a. it shows relationships or connectedness between two variables

b. it analyzes data collected by others targeted the four semestral ratings (2 years) of his population
c. it focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something sample. Which is an attribute problem that he violated, if any?
and on the pre-effects of such happening a. The problem should have relation between two or more
d. it aims to define or give verbal portrayal or picture of a person, variables.
a thing, and situation b. The problem should be clearly and unambiguously stated in
(Descriptive Research) question for
122. Rudy's research problem is about the relationship between c. The problem should be doable within the time frame and
the different collection newly budget.
recruited members of the PNP and their Individual Performance d. The problem should be amenable to empirical testing.
Rating. To targeted the four semestral 131. These are unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses
ratings of his population sample. Which is an attribute problem and dissertations from the country of origin of the researcher.
that he violated, if any? a. Foreign Studies
a. The problem should have relation between two or more b. Local Studies
variables. c. Foreign Literature
b. The problem should be clearly and unambiguously stated in d. Local Literature
question for 132. Setting (place) of the Study in the Traditional Format is
c. The problem should be doable within the time frame and similar to this component of
budget. the IMRAD Format.
d. The problem should be amenable to empirical testing. a. Paradigm
123. Select the statistical methodology where the researcher b. Research Design
calculates the mean, median and mode. c. Research Locale
a. Inferential Statistics d. None of them
b. Survey 133. Simulacrum in the IMRAD Format is similar to this part of the
c. Descriptive Statistics Traditional Format.
d. Arithmetic a. Paradigm
124. Which of the following is the importance of timely reporting b. Research Design
of crime statistics? c. Research Locale
a. It deters persons from committing crimes. d. None of them
b. It is easy to process and store in digital format. 134. It is an objective that relates directly to the research problem
c. It determines whether the increases in crime volume were and states clearly what the researcher will do and expects to find
unique to their own areas or they are part of a broader national out.
pattern and trend. a. Alternative Hypothesis – positive hypothesis
d. It will improve the image of the locality. b. General Objectives – title
125. It is an inference that is formulated and provisionally adapted c. Null Hypothesis – negative hypothesis
to explain observe facts of condition and to guide its further d. Specific Objectives – statement of the problem
investigation. 135. Which of these frameworks has been emphasized when
A. Assumptions arguments on how and why a particular factor can possibly
B. Hypothesis influence another are presented?
C. Problem a. Conceptual Framework – research diagram (paradigm)
D. Statement of the Problem b. Framework
126. It is a characteristic which is found before (ante) the c. Research Frameworks
independent variable. It is expected to d. Theoretical Framework - anchored theory
influence the independent variable/s it is usually irreversible. 136. A research technique in which an investigator introduces a
a. Antecedent Variable change into a process and makes measurements and
b. Dependent Variable observations in order to evaluate the effects of the change.
c. Independent Variable A. Trial and error
d. Intervening Variable B. Experiments
127. It is the use of appropriate or ideal design helps minimize C. Dry run
possible errors. It is important D. Pilot testing
therefore, that technical aspects be given serious consideration. 137. A selected subset of the population to be studied.
a. Critical Issues a. Sample
b. Ethical Issues b. Variable
c. Practical and Administrative Issues c. Attributes
d. Technical Issues d. Nota
128. These ties together the major findings to the studies 138. Facts and observations that researches gather by conduction
reviewed. It represents a general picture their own measurements for a study.
of what has been known or thought of about the problem to date. a. PRIMARY DATA
it points out similar results, as well as conflicting findings. b. SECONDARY DATA - Facts and observations that were
a. Body previously gathered for a different study
b. Conclusion c. Tertiary data
c. Introduction d. Data
d. Summary/Synthesis 139. Cordio Cuenca, a fourth year Criminology student is the
129. Patrolman Dan de la Cruz is assigned with the PNP Human Battalion Commander of his school’s Reserved Officers' Training
Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD) and He was tasked Corps (ROTC). He was fascinated with the nuances of Parade and
to determine the schooling of choice of newly graduated recruits Ceremonies that, in the conduct of his research, he proposed to
using collegiate course and gender. For this purpose, he used research on the advantages of marching with the left foot first. Is
“explanatory research” (why?) because this a good research problem?
a. it shows relationships or connectedness between two variables a. No. A research should have potential significance/importance.
b. it analyzes data collected by others B. yes he can conduct a research about anything as well as he
c. it focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something can prove it anyway
and on the pre effects of such happening c. No. because it is controversial
d. it aims to define or give verbal portrayal or picture of a person, d. either yes or no. it does not matter
a thing, and situation (Descriptive Research) 140. Which of the following is not part of the connection between
130. Rudy's research problem is about the relationship between research and the improvement of man's welfare?
the different collection a. Improved condition welfare
of newly recruited members of the PNP and their Individual b. New skills/practices/behavior
Performance Rating. To c. Better Outcome
d. Research

141. What is a research that investigates the relationships d. Survey
between factors or variables? 153. This part of research must be feasible, logical and valid which
a. Intervention research may address (solve) the
b. Correlation research findings of the research.
c. Extensive research a. Presentation of Data
d. Explanatory research b. Conclusion
142. Variables can be classified as, except… c. Introduction
a. Dependent variable d. Recommendations
b. Independent Variable 154. This section presents the specific problems of the study that
c. antecedent variable needs to be stated
d. assumption variable correctly by way of a precise question which demands specific
143. People and things change over time and this change can answer.
threaten the validity of conclusions… a. Background of the Study
a. Selection b. Hypothesis of the Study
b. Instrumentation c. Statement of the Problem
c. Testing d. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
d. Maturation • *research questions, research objectives
144. It is a written work of the page or near the front page which 155. In this part of the research, the researcher outlines theory
displays as the title. he wishes to espouse or verify.
a. Approval sheet a. Review of Related Literature
b. Abstract b. Methods of Research
c. Title page c. Theoretical Framework
d. Acknowledgment d. Introduction
145. The act of officially saying that something was created for a • *Diagram; illustration = conceptual framework
particular purpose or to remember or honor a particular person. • *flowchart ➔ paradigm / simulacrum
a. dedication 156. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes the
b. abstract literature, and synthesizes the results in relation to the problem.
c. introduction a. Review of Related Literature
d. acknowledgment b. Methods of Research
146. ___________ are statements of what the researcher intends c. Theoretical Framework
to do. d. Introduction
a. Alternative hypothesis • *literatures – published (books, magazines, newspapers,
b. Research objectives internet contents)
c. Null hypothesis • *studies – unpublished (thesis, dissertation, researches)
d. Research hypothesis • *plagiarism – copying of other’s work without proper citation
147. This enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a • *citation – introducing the real creator of the passage.
research problem and properly identify and operationally define 157. In defining the research problem, what is the important thing
study/research variables. for the researcher to present for the conduct of the study?
a. Literature A. Valid ID
b. Methodology C. Valid justification
c. Related study B. Certificate
d. Hypothesis D. Present relevant data
148. In studies that take a long time to finish, say, one year or 158. What type of research is conducted because a problem HAS
more, the cohort studies where the subjects (the same people) NOT been properly defined?
are followed-up overtime, some cases may drop out, thus a. Exposition research
resulting in a loss of cases. b. Qualitative research
a. Selection c. Quantitative research
b. Instrumentation d. Exploratory research
c. Mortality It is likewise used to determine the best research design, data
d. Maturation collection method and collection of subject and often concludes
149. Studies one case or instance to have an in-depth that a perceived problems do not actually exist.
investigation of numerous factors to explain something, say 159. It is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes
crime. However, since only one case is to be studied, the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that
researcher is only capable of explaining such case and cannot use links man’s speculation with reality.
his findings to explain other cases in other situations. a. Criminology
a. Idiographic research b. Research
b. Nomothetic research c. Investigation
c. A or b d. Criminological Research
d. Nota 160. It is the foundation of the study or research.
150. The first and the most important step in conducting a a. Hypothesis
research project. b. Theoretical framework
a. Determining the appropriate research method c. Conceptual framework
b. Collection of Data d. Paradigm
c. Identification of a research problem
d. Formulating hypothesis Salamat mga Kapatid, sa Pakikinig,
151. A data-gathering instrument or device used to determine Itanim sa Ating mga Isip at DibDib;
what is occurring or what individuals Abutin ang pangarap na iniibig,
are doing. Hanggang sa ang hininga’y Mapatid!
a. Interview
b. Questionnaire Paghusayang lubos sa bawat paghapit
c. Observation panulat sa papel nitong pagsusulit
d. Survey Pagtibaying ganap sa bawat pagsambit
152. This uses carefully planned and printed items given to dalanging inasam at pangarap makamit
respondents in order to elicit
answers to questions of the research. Panalangin naming ARC family
a. Interview At usal ng labi sa umaga’t gabi
b. Questionnaire Pumasa ang lahat, walang mahuhuli
c. Observation Sa enero kayo ay ganap ng RC

Di lang yan meron pa, di makakalusot
Sa mga magtatop, wag makakalimot
Pagbati ang aking nais ipaabot
Yung blow-out simple lang, wag niyo nang ibalot
Manalig lamang sa Dakilang Maylikha,

Ang paniniwala ay samahan ng gawa;
Mabigo’t mauwi man sa pagluluksa,
Tandaang may panahon kang nakatakda!
Kaya kapatid, iangat mo ang iyong mukha,

Usal ng panalangin sa pagtingala;
Kung sakaling mabasa mo itong aking tula,
AL-NASHRIN N. MINDUG po,
ang May-akda!
FUTURE REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST!

MABUHAY KAYO!!!

Dec2022 FC Crim by Prof. Mindug

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CRIMINOLOGY

INTENSIVE FINAL COACHING

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