GENERAL EDUCATION GENETICS-Study of genes, heredity, and
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND THE SOCIETY
SCIENCE-COMES FROM THE LATIN WORD
“SCIENTIA” MEANING KNOWLEDGE
TECHNOLOGY-COMES FROM GREEK WORD
“TECHNE” MEANING ART, SKILLS, CRAFT
RICHARD FEYNMAN-Father of
Nanotechnology
GERD BINING AND HEINRICH ROHRER-
discovered the scanning tunneling
microscope
KIM ERIC DREXIER-wrote Nanosystems:
Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing,
computation
NANOSCIENCE-study of structures and
molecules on the scales of nanometers
ranging between 1 and 100 mm
NANOTECHNOLOGY-the technology that
utilizes nanoscience in practical
applications such as devices
NANOMETER-one billionth of a meter
NANOSCALE-the size range between
approximately 1 and 100 mm
NANO WORLD-the world at a microscopic
level, as dealt with by nanotechnology
GENETIC ENGINEERING-a process that uses
laboratory-based technologies to alter the
DNA makeup of an organism.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY-involves
using enzymes and various laboratory
techniques to manipulate and isolate DNA
segments of interest
XENOTRANSPLANTATION-also called
heterologous transplants is the
transplantation of living cells, tissues or
organs from one species to another.
PHENOTYPE-physical manifestation of
what’s in the gene
GENOTYPE-genetic make-up
HEREDITY-passing of traits from parents to
offspring
variation of species
GREGOR MENDEL-Father of Genetics
AUG Methionine-START codon
DNA CODE
Genetic code-is the set of instruction in a
gene that tell the cell how to make a
specific protein.
Gene – basic unit of inheritance. (20,000
protein-coding genes.
Genetic Therapy- is a technique that uses a
gene(s) to treat, prevent or cure a disease
or medical disorder
Ex vivo-introducing normal genes in
isolated cells from patients
In vivo-introducing DNA directly into cells
while they are in the patient.
Genetic Engineering-alter the DNA makeup
of an organism
Alan Turing-Father of MODERN Computer;
Universal Turning Machine (UTM)
Charles Babbage-Father of Computer;
digital programmable computer
Steve Wozniak-co-founder of Apple
Steve Jobs-co-founder, chief executive and
chairman of Apple Computer
Vinton (Vint) Cerf, Robert (Bob) Kahn-
Father of Internet
Claude Shannon-Father of Information
Theory
Martin Cooper-first mobile phone,
Motorola
Osborne 1- First Portable Laptop
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow-electric telescope
Campbell Swinton and Baris Rosing-
mechanical and electrical television
Isaac Newton-laws of motion and universal
gravitation; White light; Calculus with
Leibniz
Biological diversity-living organism in
different ecosystem
Genetic diversity-genetic resources of the
organisms
Ecological diversity-in the plants and
animals species living together; diversity
among different ecosystems in a region
Species diversity-different types of species
found in a particular area
Global warming-long-term heating of
Earth’s surface due to human activities
Climate Change-long term change in the
average weather patterns
Greenhouse effect-heat is trapped close to
Earth’s surface by greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
water vapor)
Acid rain-surfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are emitted into the atmosphere
and transported by wind and air currents
Middle ages-Early/Dark Middle Ages
Discoveries
China-Gun power, paper, mechanical rock,
compass
India-Science and Mathematics,
Recognition of ZERO, Decimal System
Arab-Toledan Tables, Borax, sal-ammoniac
(ammonium chloride)
Europe-Scholastics (St.Thomas Aquinas)
Roger Bacon-used experimentation
Theory of Motion and Earth’s flexibility;
Water Wheel; Black Death, 2nd Bubonic
Plague Pandemic; Yersinia pestis
Francis Bacon-Scientific Method
Johannes Gutenberg-Printing Press
Bible-world’s most printed book
Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus-Laudanum
Tartogilio (Nicolo Fontana) Pascal’s
triangle; elevation of 45 °
Leonardo da Vinci-engineering of canal
lacks, cathedrals, engineers of war, working
of parachutes and helicopters
Nicolas Copernicus-Heliocentric Theory (De
revolutionibus orbium coelestium)
or The Revolution of Celestial Bodies
Johannes Kepler- Planetary Motion;
Planet’s orbit as Elliptical; Speed travels
time
Galileo Galilei- First sciential of Scientific
Revolution (Law of Motion, force causes
acceleration); Dialogue on two New
Sciences, Validated Copernican system
Tycho Bache-Supernova in 1572, Geocentric
John Ray-first use species as the
fundamental unit
Carolus Unnaenus-Father of MODERN
Taxonomy
Aristotle-father of taxonomy
Andreas Vesalius-Father of Modern
Anatomy; De humani corporis fabrica
(structure of Human Body)
Blouise Pascal-Pascoline, mechanical
calculator
Evangelista Torricelli-first barometer, first
vacuum
Cesar-Francois Cassini-first map
James Watt-steam engines
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck-theory of
Evolution “Transformation”
Charles Darwin-Father of Evolution, Origin
of Species
Pre-Socratic Philosophers
Thales-water Anaximander
Anaximenes-air
Heraclius-fire
Leucippus-first idea of the atom
Democritus-solid, indestructible particles
Pythagoras-Earth is sphere
Pythagoreans-viewed the universe as form
and number
Socrates-dialogues using Socratic Method,
Golden Age of Greek philosophy
Aristotle-Father of Biology; inductive
method; elements undergo changes;
observation, senses
Aristarchus-Sun-Centered Universe
(Heliocentrism)
Claudius Ptolemy-Calculated size of Earth
and its distance to the Moon; Earth-
centered model (Geocentrism)
Herophilus-Father of ANATOMY
Erasistratus-Founder of Physiology
Euclid-Father of Modern Geometry
Three-Age System-tools developmental
stages
Stone Age (stone, wood, bone or materials
for hunting) Neanderthals and Denisovans
human species
 Paleolithic Period-Old Stone Age (hunters
and gatherers of food; caves, controlled
fire)
 Mesolithic Period- Middle Stone Age
(nomads in camps-near rivers; small
stone tools; agriculture)
 Neolithic Period-New Stone Age
(Agriculture and animals; permanent
settlers in villages; stone tools; axes;
farming, home construction and art)
Bronze Age- copper and bronze, smelling
process of extracting metal form or healing
and melting;
 Sumerians-blending copper and tin
-entered the Bronze Age of different times
States or kingdoms, Sumer and Babylionia
in Mesophotamia Athens in Ancient Greece
Iron Age- depending on the region, and
followed the Stone Age and Bronze Age.
Filipinos in the Field of Science
Abeiardo Aguilar-erythromycin
Gregorio Zara-videophone
Fabian Dayrit-research on herbal medicine
Diosdado Banatao-single-chip, graphical
use interface (for internet)
Daniel Dingel-water-powered car
Gregory Ligot Tagonan-research in the field
of Communications Technology
Fe Del Mundo-incubator
Lourdes Cruz-research on sea snail venom
PH Laws about Science and Technology
Presidential Decree no. 49 s. 1972
(Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration, PAG-
ASA)
RA 2067 Science Act of 1958-Research and
Development, provide funds
RA 3589 Act Amending RA 2067-
Radioactive material
RA 5207-Licensing and regulation of Atomic
Energy
RA 9513- The Renewable Act of 2008
RA 10175- Philippine Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012
RA 10844- DICT
RA 6655-Science for the Masses Program
RA 8439-Magna Carta for Scientists
Engineers, Researchers (empower Filipino
Scientist)
RA 7459- Inventors and Inventions
Incentive Act (IIIA)
RA 8749-Clear Air Act of 1999 (to protect
and preserve the environment)
RA 8792- Electronic Commerce Act
RA 9367- Biofuel Act of 2006
RA 7687- Science and Technology
Scholarship Act of 1994
RA 2067-DOST-SEI Merit Scholarship
Program
RA 8293-Intelectual Property Code
Science and Technology in Different Eras

Marcos Era and Martial Law

-Other S&T Agencies established
-Philippine National Oil Company
-International Rich Research Institute
-Philippine Coconut Research Institute
-Philippine Council for Agriculture and
Fisheries

Fifth Republic
Pre Corazon Aquino
-Department of Science and Technology
-Science and Technology Master Plan
-Newly Industrialized Country
-RA 6655-Free Public Secondary Education
Act of 1988

Pres. Fidel Ramos

-Science and Technology Agenda for
Development (STAND)
-RA 8439 Magna Carta for S&T Personnel

Pres. Gloria Arroyo

-Golden Age of Philippine S&T
-RA 9437 Biofuel Act of 2006

Pres. Benigno Aquino III

Recognized Scientific Researchers
-Dr. Angel C. Alcala, Ph.D. -biodiversity 
-Dr. Ramon C. Barba, Ph.D.-plant
physiology
-Dr. Edgardo D. Gomez, Ph.D. invertebrate
biology and ecology.
-Dr. Gavino C. Trono Jr., Ph.D. tropical
marine phycology, focusing on seaweed
biodiversity.