Important notes: Important notes:

Composition of gases in the air:
• Nitrogen 78%
• Oxygen 21%
• Carbon dioxide 0.03%
• Noble gases 1%
• Water vapour is variable.
• Test for oxygen – relights a glowing splint.
• Test for carbon dioxide – A white precipitate is formed with limewater (calcium
carbonate).
• Water vapour – Blue cobalt chloride paper turns pink.
• NO TEST for nitrogen and noble gases.
Important notes: Test for gases
• Test for oxygen – relights a glowing splint.
• Test for carbon dioxide – A white precipitate is formed with limewater (calcium
carbonate).
• Water vapour – Blue cobalt chloride paper turns pink.
• NO TEST for nitrogen and noble gases.

Important notes: Uses of gases

• Oxygen – 1. use as breathing aid 2. Use in rocket fuel.
• Nitrogen – 1. Use to make fertilizer 2. Use to make ammonia.
• Carbon dioxide – 1. Use in fire extinguisher 2. Use to make fizzy drink.
• Helium (noble gas) – 1. Use to fill party balloons.
• Argon (noble gas) – 1. Use in filament bulbs.
• Neon (noble gas) – Use in advertisement lights.
Important notes: Properties of gases
• Oxygen – colourless, odourless and tasteless. It supports combustion.
• Carbon dioxide – colourless, odourless and tasteless. It does not support combustion.
• Nitrogen – Colourless, odourless and tasteless. It is unreactive.
• Noble gases – In is unreactive.
Important notes: Hydrogen
• Hydrogen gas is prepared by reacting zinc (metal) and dilute
hydrochloric acid (acid) to give out hydrogen (gas) and zinc chloride
(metal salt). Other metal that can be use to prepare hydrogen is
magnesium.
• The equation is:
zinc + hydrochloric acid → zinc chloride + hydrogen
• To identify gas, a burning/lighted splint is used. A ‘pop’ sound can
be heard with a burning/lighted splint.
• Hydrogen is the lightest gas. It is a colourless, odourless and
tasteless gas.
• Uses of hydrogen:
1. To make margarine.
2. Use in hydrogen cell fuels.
3. To fill in weather balloons.