Dato

Expt. No.
Pag No.

Aimi Moculation and demodulation

a)AM b) DSB-SC )SsB-setechnique
d) FM
Soltoare Reguived!- MAT LAB
Theoiy'
heosyA- tiansmitld
message oves
Catvying sh a
a signal has get
adistane to cstablish a
Commuiicohon
mitled hen
T{ -lhe messaqe siqnal 0s diecy tiany
these might be a pAolem o+ losir clata
due to cistoion: To oveslome fhis
Message sinal iss modw ated th highesprcblen, the
he quency
Signa Called caciey siqnal to tiansmt ovey c dista
nce

Moculation is the
pnoces,
paxametexs ot the canieY o
camiet signal
signal
Changing the
to
instanancous vale ot the accosdingto
he piocess o entachngmodulating
The signal
mescage slgnal fom
modulaed signal ls called demodulaton a detechon
aAmptude
The
Moduaton
signal ohich contains a mesSaqe wbich
is to be tiansmited is
called message signa The
equenay signal, which has Certaio Paxamlos like high
amlitudtequenly
intoation is called
phase but cloeA nat Cantaio any
CoaxieY
oxieY Sicnal: The amplitude 84
8f
Hhe cocxiey Signal vaies in acosdane
one ouy ampltude of the medalated tohe jnstant
is called ampltude Mpddation signal The p OC2A
let the messaqe sna M) msin (2nmt)
Caier Signal be c
c)) == Ae
Ac SinCnft)
Teacher's Signature
 Date
Expt. No.
Page No. 2

Modulated Siqnal Will be

K-Amsin (anfm + Acl sin(anft)
nlhere, An =
ampli-tude of message signal
Ac= anp lHude ot casieY siqnal
tequeny ot mesage Signal
nden o4 Modtatequenj of Caie signal
Moduaton'
Tt cleined ac the yotio ot amplitude of the
Message siqnal to amplitude ot caniey signal
A- A2
Ae A-t2 A2=Ar) -Ac
Annpltde Demodulation:-
AM
>DIODE>LOW-PASS >DEMoDOLATE DSIGNAL|
This is -he block diaqiam ot egvelope denadulatu
The AM Wav st) is the input
System of
S) = Ael ltuM)] Coslantt)
alhexe, m) E messagesignal
M Inden ot modulatHon
2 Carniey fequeny,
The co this type ol modulaion 4 democluloion
Can befound in audio Slgnals This may be used toy
bi0adcast entevtainment tox byoad band ecephon.
b) DSB Full Aroplitude Modulaton
Message signal IsM) =Am Cos(Wmt)
CocYieY CH) = A cs (wct)
Modulatd Slgnalis, K) =lAr thmcos(mt)) oskot)
Teacher's Signature
 trequeney Spectum ot full AM ?

hequeney Spee-trum Dt DSB-Sc signal :

Balanced modulator
mt) AM
Sct)
Modulato

|lecal St)
Oscilloto ct) = Ae Cos(ant)

AM

-mt) Modulatoy
S24)
 Date

Expt. No. Page N o 3

Nodulated siqnal on turthe Simplihcation and

intsoduclng indet of modulati on gives
Kt)=-ACos(oct)t cte Cos otom)t+ UAe Cos (wmt)

Poner eticiency
foro MEl,
m=l, thexe is only 33% power elficiency is achieved
ohich
onty one hid of th< power ohich Conttains
and tuo-bid is lost 'n tansmission
To oveYCoMe this poblem_ASedouble side band supre
SS ed CoYieY modulation
Double Side Band Suppressed Caniey (DSB-S) i

The catiet component io tull AM which doesnt

Covey any Jntoimaton Hente it s suppxe Ssed Dy
Yemoied uing modulation to attaio high poneN ehie
Message slqnalMa)= Am Coslomt)
Conaier aiqnal, c) = Ae Cos (wct)
Modulated "ciqnal Kt) a MU) Ct)
=Am (os(omt)t Ae Cos (wct)
K) = Ame cos(wwm)t t Ann Ac cos Coc-om)t
2

Balanced Modulatoy -
Too inputs ave xequied
namal message signal and ohey wrth yeverse pola
and it pracueea tuo madulated sinals and then
we Sum them th get fnal modulated siqnal DSB-S<
Dutpt upper AM MOdulatoy is
Teacher's Signature
 m
Modulato
Ring i

Ct)

D
Dy

SIH)
 Expt.No
emohichSSB-Sc Similasly, Sideband pOess
) nous
dete
and
can oaile Hence, (sSB-S).CoieY along txansmitted Advantages 2) used
on (which
demodula-tng Deodulatoy
signal'sis DsB-SC ? The
The
The Single Most less SCt)
To S
has loweY boi th output
he pocess powey
od
CaYieY sSide ot achieve
to
=Sat)=
we s consumphon th e Qm
SIlt)- Si)
high uppeY detection
band Can called
the detect
and o band powE Ae =of
Powey aieY DSB-Sc this CosS() lowey
Ac =
suPPxess sideb as ( Aclit
isuSed the suppsessing qet t isthe used
fox omt
Modulahon Lit
and we AM
as lowey
"suppxeted
sidebandSingle and called Kamkam(t)]
me fofyoy Cos(wct)
use
tycnstnit
nature
cher's the aCaTiey o is ssage
genexating
_as DsBsc this, this, ct]_Modul
used Side
xansmittinq -the coheyent
tansmiion.
POeY one (SsB): advamtages
detecion
Compl e n ot Dis cos cos
coheyent Siqnal atp
sinal the (2ntet)(aTtet)
and to band Dt
1s Dato
th e ten(e same
allotedsingle
side PageNo
ansmth dye etectoy
bandpi a o
CayyieY
The SuppyeAsed Single cide
fo bands slqna)
-1his
on o
 Shifteyphase a An phase tiequeny
Cos mtPo) duet
(aT-hnt)
dlsciimination
Modulato
oseillato cal lo
Modulato
Pioduct Shiterphase-t modulato
Psouct discy
ct) mination
sin(at)Ac DS
method - B-SC

method!
OscillatorLocal sSB-sc
Band
pass

SSct)
SLt)
 Date

Expt. No
P'age No.

both the cooxie and slhey sideband 1s utilized

in tiansmitting this single side band
Message siqnál be, M) =Am Cos Canfmt)
Canie slgnal be, c) = A coslRnfct)
S) = AraAL cos lan(ttm) ) -) toy uppet Sidebard
st) AoÂc cos lan (-fmt)toy lowey Sideband
Banduoidth od sse-sc signal = m
power
powe o upper side
Side band An D8R
pow ot loe Sideband
SSB-S Modulatoss '

Hequcny Disctiminaton Methad i

Tn 4hismethod, xst we ill qeni ate DSB-SC
KOaNe oith the help of Dduct modulatox then
appy DSB-Sc siqnal as an 'npat of band pass ttey.
The output ill be SSB-SC uave 01 Siqnal
2) Faase disoiminationmethodir
phase shifer pioduces output, which qives a laq
Dt q0° oith seipet to input
lecsage sigral be, MCt)= Am cos(anfmt)
Canie signal be,
ct) < Ac cos (amft)
Roth axe iaput to uper Product. moclulatos the
Qutput of uppeY pxoduct modulatoi oll be pioduct
of to inpat Signoals
Sil) = Anetc os ( mt) Cos (aTHet)
AmAc Ccos(3n(fetfnt)l t cos [antle -fm)t
Teacher's Signaturo
 SSB-SC ohevent
detectov
SL)

scillatoY Modulatot
local JProcaet
(a1fet)
cl)-Accos
VC,passtow
-fHey

odulated
dem
signal
 @Feauency Expt. No
clulahang ampltude las used io ed deteto foy
Similay
uohere
the
plihude approach passed
PSse
pass Comie Cohevent Democulahon ot
detectoDemodulatoy
SSB-sc : fot The
in.put wisignal
h Hsa equency Tn loweY Salt)
SspB-scfom uppex outpul
fHer this
the modulation.
hough SSB-SChaving =
by
plocess Side side
sigral modulhon
osignal is psocess,
s) = St) tmac of
ulating hequency Vaiyinq Modulahon
the same bandAmAcband, = loweY
Yemains In Df aa signa)by Ccos
desived lovo [anfe-fm)tl
sSB-sc me cos
the encoding
caieT Bequency he (fe-fm)t)]-c (anos
pioduct
:
- pas SLt) = SCt)
equeny of Lan Cos
stantathncease
constant: case
jn a message is
nature
cher's
signat caier moda mù
wave siqnal xeSubnq
message
HHerhe Siqnallhplying
The doneby =
infomaioo Au Sict)modulatoy
ot lating and STt)
SI() t
, modulohôn
the signal signal fct-fm)
M, equency the -S>
Signal. using L]c) (anict
fm)t)J Data
caiexamplrtude Is
autput phase
oith. it can PageNo.
madulated olso on is
Yn gnalis cohexent
be
Much a
hasacltdanpaiticu ot otentact 6
o lo conie
by a ike the
 Ampltude

Sqnal
Base
band
fezueny Contien
signal .
Modulitd
wove Trne
 ExptNo. .

ony Democdulotion Qound

applicatons3
main Fvequency caies
Modulaion asUSB_
Nasowkand
modulaion The
The bardideEM -
FM where, frequentyat fxequencq
Fquation tequency nieasesThe
tput Thexe police and is
aiahons funchon fegueny fequency diflesente
and divided Af
mf=Ae
it
iniselessambul LsB. ofat
are AmplHtude is and
ignals Such lntHoite inden nde SH)
of # ioto EM
ofseveal Tt min Mancallad
between vice
àS is modul is oodul
is =
S)wave
input these Eequency
nao
desiatìon - ampltude frequeny -vesa
usedÁÓ no. is
EM otion uSed -fequency sin( ampltude
atos lavge Small.ation of =
types otstdebands EM is moclulaBed
sqnaldevice) xadio, ance in wet Asio
(>) band +(mf)Cet+
ure
r's oP
entertainment has Spectum has signalAf of
etmobile
e of deviaton:o4
fMdemodu is TY a and messae
into Spettum afoite nmodul Sinmt)
Af/fn
sIn message feq
ae tb et Snnall
COmmunicaion wmt)
mplitude Conveyt abich consists whte uency Dotn
ating -regof Signal. PageNo.
usedlatoSthe bandwith bandwidth.The
brcadConsist signal and
hand coayie
the e of si uency
along
vaiahon located gnal
FM -noimal
fegue of cariey,
Such devi
c+af
a ch
 Expt.No.
Conclusion?- R) y
CompcnedAdvaurqes
to
Ag
poweY
louoampliHe:
less audio
wilh
naise,

modulatoNS
theix
Amplitude Tointefesence
,DsB-sc Conçurmption
modula;on
this

periment
and
gnature
acher's

demodulaion
odemodulotois
and bandwidth gh J
Hiqh hi9Cost
Frequency
,SSB-SC
we
Disadvantages.
Dale
lear
PageNo.
ht
dbout
about