Professional Documents
Culture Documents
09 - Flow Regimes and The Diagnostic Plot
09 - Flow Regimes and The Diagnostic Plot
09 - Flow Regimes and The Diagnostic Plot
i
s
p
,
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
P
i
s
p
,
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
r
u
s
s Early-time Middle- Late-time
e
r
P region time region
region
Flow Regimes
• Common geometric shapes
• Flow Regimes
- Volumetric behavior
- Radial flow
- Linear flow
- Bilinear flow
- Spherical flow
Volumetric Behavior
Volumetric Behavior
qBt
Wellbore ∆ p =
Storage 24C
Volumetric Behavior
Volumetric Behavior
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h 1
c
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
P
Time
• Shape of derivative
– Unit slope line
Radial Flow
Radial Flow
162.6qB µ kt
Vertical Well ∆ p =
log − 3.23 + 0.869s
φµ ct r w
2
kh
Radial Flow
General Form
∆ p = m log (t ) + b
∂∆ p ∂ (m log(t ) + b )
t = t
Derivative ∂t ∂t
m
=
2.303
Radial Flow
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
P
Time
Linear Flow
Linear Flow
12
16.26qB µ kt
Channel ∆ p =
khw φµ ct
12
Hydraulic 4.064qB µ kt
∆ p =
Fracture khL f φµ c
t
Linear Flow
t
∂∆ p
= t
(
∂ m Lt 1 2 + b L )
Derivative
∂t ∂t
1 12
= m Lt
2
Linear Flow
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e 1
r
u
s
s
e
r
P
2
Time
Bilinear Flow
Bilinear Flow
12 14
Hydraulic 44.1qB µ
1 t
∆ p =
Fracture h wk f φµ c k
t
Bilinear Flow
t
∂∆ p
= t
(
∂ m Bt 1 4 + b B )
Derivative
∂t ∂t
1 14
= m Bt
4
Bilinear Flow
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c 1
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
P
Time
• Shape of Derivative
- ¼ slope
Spherical Flow
Spherical Flow
φµ ct r p2
q µ
Spherical Probe (RFT) pi − pwf = 1−
4π kr p kt
Nomenclature
The Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) probe equation uses SI
units:
ct - Total compressibility, Pa-1
k - Permeability, m2
pi - Initial pressure, Pa
pwf - Probe pressure, Pa
q - Flow rate, m3 /s
rp - Probe radius, m
t - Time, s
φ - Porosity, fraction
µ - Viscosity, Pa•s
RFT Units
• Nomenclature
• The Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) probe equation uses
SI units:
• ct - Total compressibility, Pa-1
• k - Permeability, m2
• pi - Initial pressure, Pa
• pwf - Probe pressure, Pa
• q - Flow rate, m3/s
• rp - Probe radius, m
• t - Time, s
• φ - Porosity, fraction
• µ - Viscosity, Pa•s
Spherical Flow
t
∂∆ p
= t
(
∂ bS − mS t −1 2 )
Derivative
∂t ∂t
1 −1 2
= mS t
2
Spherical Flow
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
r
u
s
s
e 1
r
P
2
Time
• Shape of Derivative
- Negative ½ slope
i
s
p
,
e
v
i
t
a
v
i
r
e
d
,
e
g
n
a
h
c
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
Radial
P flow
Wellbore
storage Spherical flow Recharge?
Exercise 1
Flow Regimes and the Diagnostic Plot
FLOWREGM.WTD (Diagnostic Plot)
1000
100
i
s
p
,
e
g
n
a 10
h
c
e
r
u
s
s
e
r
p 1
d
e
t
s
u
j
d
A
0.1
0.01
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000