GLOBALIZATION

 Is a process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more
interaction and integration between the world’s culture’s, government and economies.
 Spread of worldwide practice, relations, consciousness, and organization of social life.

METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. SOLID - It refers to the barriers that may prevent free movement and it can be natural or man-
made. It may also refer to people, things, information, and places “harden” overtime and therefore
have limited mobility.

2 Types of Solid
1. Narural - bodies of water
2. Man-made - Great Wall of China and Berlin Wall (Germany) which stops the people from going out

( this is the possible barrier kung baga sagabal sa free movement o malayang
pakikipag-transact ng tao in other countries. It can be a person, thing or place. So
meaning to say kaya nga siya solid kase nahahawakan mo, napupuntahan mo o nakakausap mo
na maaaring maging cause ng problem for us to have limited action when it comes to
transactions to other countries.) EX. Great Wall of China and Berlin Wall which stops the
people from going out.

2. LIQUIDITY - It refers to increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in
the global age.
Characteristices:
1. Liquid is forever ready to change whatever it might take on momentarily and it is in
continuous flux.
2. Liquid is difficult to stop once it is on the move such as the advances in technology.
3. Liquid tends to melt whatever stands in its path such as the political and economic
barriers

( ito yung contrast to solid. Ito ay hindi hindrance or barrier kundi ito yung ease yung
madaling flow o tuloy tuloy na flow ng isang bagay. Yung free movement natin to have access to
other countries) EX. Videos uploaded on facebook which becomes unstoppable once they
become viral.

3. FLOWS - It refers to the movement of people, things, ideas, and culture across the globe due to the
advances in technology, economic, and political integration, and establishment of global policies
that lessens and eliminates the existing borders.

( dito naman pumapasok yung madaling movement o tuloy tuloy ng mga tao to access
information's in different countries because of technology, economic and political integration.
Na kung saan inaalis nito o binabawasan yung harang yung burden o yung border in order for
us to communicate and transact worldwide.

GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
- Analyzing globalization culturally, economically, and politically.
- The theories see globalization as a process that increases their homogeneity or heterogeneity.

1. HOMOGENEITY (isa lang)

- refers to the increasing sameness (kung sino yung mas madami yun yung nakakaapekto sa pag-
expand ng common practices) on the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political
orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of
government.
- Homogeneity in culture is often linked to cultural imperialism
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM
- a powerful country influences the way of living of other poor countries.
- Cultural imperialism can take various forms, such as an attitude, a formal policy, or
military action, insofar as it reinforces cultural hegemony.

( This means a given culture influences other cultures. For example, the dominant
religion in our country is Christianity, which was brought to us by Spaniards. Another example
is Americanization which was defined by Kuisel (1993) as “the import by non-Americans of
products, images, technology, practices, and behavior that are closely associated with
America or Americans”.

GLOBALIZATION, GLOCALIZATION AND GROBALIZATION

Globalization - the worldwide diffusion of practices
Glocalization - the interpenetration of global and local
Grobalization - focuses on the imperialistic ambitions of nations, corporations, and organizations to
impose themselves on others.

2. HETEROGENEITY (madami, a word that signifies diversity)

- The interaction of the different elements from different societies.
- pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of
the interaction of elements from different societies in the world
- refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids of combinations of
cultures that can be produced through the different transplanetary processes.

GLOCALIZATION
- It is coined by Roland Robertson 1992.
- It is the concept that in a global market, a product or service is more likely to succeed when it is
customized for local.

DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL CULTURE

Global flows of culture tend to move more easily around the globe than ever before, especially
through non-material digit forms.

There are three perspective on global cultural flows.

1. CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM (pagkakaiba-iba ng kultura at paniniwala)

- Cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by global flows.
It creates conflict and tensions, nagiging dahilan na magkaroon ng war - The interaction of
culture is deemed to contain the potential for “catastrophic collision”.
EXAMPLES: religions, expressing opinions, group behaviour, children, elderly, meals or food

1. CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION (pagsasama)

- Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures.
- A key concept: Glocalization and Scapes
- “Glocalization” the interpenetration of the global and local resulting in unique
outcomes in different geographic area.
- “Scapes” global flows involve people, technology, finance, political images, and media and
the disjunctures between them, which lead to the creation of cultural hybrids.
EXAMPLES: Restaurant/Fast Food Chain, Linguistic, Music

2. CULTURAL CONVERGENCE (mahirap pagsamahin)

- Stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization.
- Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows ,when one culture imposes itself
on and then to destroy at least parts of another culture. Impose their culture itself and tend to
destroy another culture)

EXAMPLES: sports, dancing, use of technology

 - Deterritorialization (John Tomlinson) - it is much more difficulty to tie culture to a
specific geographic point of origin.

THE GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

- religion uses technology, media to
- Globalization has played a tremendous role in providing context for the current revival and the
resurgence of religion.
- most religions are not relegated to the countries where they become
- religions have in fact, spread and scattered on a global scale.
- globalization provided religions a fertile milieu to spread and thrive.
- information technologies, transportation means, and the media are deemed important
means on which religionist rely on the dissemination of their religious ideas.
- Globalization transforms the generic religion into a world-system of competing and
conflicting religions.