Appendix

Calculation of berthing (impact) force

𝛾𝑤 ∗𝜋∗𝐷 2 ∗𝐿𝑏𝑑
W1=1.3*D.W.T = ton , 𝑊2 = = 𝑡𝑜𝑛 , 𝛾𝑤 = 1.025 𝑡/𝑚3
4

W= W1+W2 = tom
0.5∗𝑊∗𝑉𝐵 2
𝐸= = 𝑡. 𝑚 , 𝑔 = 9.81 , E(transmitted)= 0.5*E
𝑔

E(transmitted / impact length)= [E(transmitted) / impact length]*10 = KN.m/m

Calculation of mooring (tension) force

𝑊𝑡 = (1 + 3.1𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝐾𝑡 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ 𝐿𝑠 ∗ 𝑉𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 2 = 𝐾𝑁

𝑊𝐿 = (1 + 3.1𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)𝐾𝐿 ∗ 𝐹 ∗ 𝐿𝑠 ∗ 𝑉𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 2 = 𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑡ℎ = 𝑊𝑡 (0.5 − 𝐾𝑒 ) = 𝐾𝑁, 𝑊𝑡𝑏 = 𝑊𝑡 (0.5 − 𝐾𝑒 ) = 𝐾𝑁
T (max wind) = Wl + (Wth or Wtb /No. of mooring)*0.1=ton
T(wind)= T(max wind)/ Bollard space = t/m

Current Force
𝐷 3
Ac1= D*B=m^2 , Ac2=D*L , 𝐶𝑚 = (1 + 𝑑 ) , 𝐶𝑐 →= 0.06, 𝐶𝑐 ↓= 0,22, 𝐶𝑐 ←= 0.07

𝐹𝑐1 = 52.2 ∗ 𝐴𝑐1 ∗ 𝐶𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝑚 ∗ 𝑉𝑐 2 = 𝑘𝑔,

𝐹𝑐1 𝐹𝑐2
𝐹𝑐2 = 52.2 ∗ 𝐴𝑐2 ∗ 𝐶𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝑚 ∗ 𝑉𝑐 2 = 𝑘𝑔, 𝑇 = + = 𝑡𝑜𝑛
2 4

Tc= T/ bollard spacing= t/m , T(max)= Tmax(wind) + Tmin(current )= ton

Breakwaters
𝜋𝐻 2 2𝜋𝑑
∆ℎ = ∗ coth ( ) = 𝑚, H=Hi(1+CR) or H=2Hi
𝐿 𝐿

𝐿𝑜 = 1.56 𝑇 2 , Hmax=1.8H, hb=h+5H tan (𝜃)

ℎ𝑏 − 𝑑 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 2
𝑛∗ = 0.75 ∗ 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽), 𝛼1 = 0.6 + 0.5𝐺 2 , 𝛼2 = ∗( )
3ℎ𝑏 𝑑
ℎ∗ 1
𝛼3 = 1 − [ℎ𝑏 (1 − cosh(𝑘ℎ))],

𝑡
𝑃1 = 0.5𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)(𝛼1 + 𝛼2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)2 = , 𝛾𝑤 = 1.03
𝑚2
 ℎ𝑐
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 (1 − 𝑛∗ ) = 𝑡/𝑚^2 , 𝑃3 = 𝛼3 ∗ 𝑃1 = 𝑡/𝑚^2

𝑡
𝑃𝑢 = 0.5𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽)𝛼1 𝛼3 =
𝑚2
F1=0.5*hc*(P1+P2) +0.5h* (P1+P2) =t/m
Fu= 0.5*Pu*W=t, acting at (1/3) W from the force of wall
Rubber mound breakwater, level and dimensions
Core level = M.S.L + 0.5 = m, Core width= 4m,
Crest level = M.S.L + 0.5(tidal) + 1.25 Hst= m
Cres width = three times Armour layer stone diameter
Wight of stones
ℎ
𝐿0 = 1.56 ∗ 𝑇 2 , → 𝐾𝑠 , 𝐻 = 𝐾𝑠 ∗ 𝐻1
𝐿0
𝐻
> 0.78 → 𝐻𝑠𝑡 = 0.78 ∗ ℎ, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 → 𝐻𝑠𝑡 = ℎ
ℎ
𝛾𝑠 ∗ (𝐻𝑠𝑡 )3 𝑡 𝑡
𝑊1 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝛾 = 𝑡𝑜𝑛, 𝛾𝑠 = 2.6 3
, 𝛾𝑤 = 1.03 3 , cot(𝜃) = 2
𝐾𝑑 (𝛾𝑠 − 1)3 ∗ cot (𝜃) 𝑚 𝑚
𝑤

W2=0.5*Ws, W3= 0.1*Ws, W4= 0.05*Ws

W(core)= Ws/ (200:400) = kg
1⁄
𝑊𝑖 3
𝑡𝑖 = 2𝐾02 ∗ ( ) = 𝑚 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1: 4
𝛾𝑐