Code: DM015363-en Rev: 05

DESCRIPTION
Date: 26/06/2017 Page 1 of 5

Title:
Wind turbine
Connection to grid
GXX-000-31-00-00-02-0-100-0-F
This document or embodiment of it in any media and the information contained in it are the property of Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy. It is an unpublished work protected under
copyright laws free of any legal responsibility for errors or omissions. It is supplied in confidence and it must not be used without the express written consent of Siemens Gamesa
Renewable Energy for any other purpose than that for which it is supplied. It must not be reproduced in whole or in part in any way (including reproduction as a derivative work)
. nor loaned to any third party. This document must be returned to Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy on demand.

APPLICABILITY
• Product attributes

Gamesa 850 kW
G80 - 2.0 MW
G83 - 2.0 MW
G87 - 2.0 MW
G90 - 2.0 MW
G9X STD1 - 2.0 MW
Model
G9X STD2 - 2.0 MW - 2.1 MW
G9X MY2015 - 2.0 MW - 2.1 MW
G114 STD1 - 2.0 MW
G114 STD2 - 2.0 MW - 2.1 MW
G114 MY2016 - 2.0 MW - 2.1 MW
G114 MY2017 - 2.0 MW - 2.1 MW
Operating voltage ALL
Frequency ALL
Temperature ALL
Dust ALL
Corrosion ALL
Power Converter ALL
Yaw system ALL

• Component attributes

PLC operation ALL

CHANGES

Rev. Date Description

04 10/05/16 Modified document applicability
05 26/06/17 Modified document applicability to include MY2017 models

“The original language of this document is Spanish. In the event of discrepancy between a translation and the original, the document in Spanish takes preference.”
 Code: DM015363-en Rev: 05
DESCRIPTION
Date: 26/06/2017 Page 2 of 5

Title:
Wind turbine
Connection to grid

INDEX

1 DESCRIPTION OF THE WIND TURBINE GRID CONNECTION .................................................................... 3

1.1 TRANSFORMER CONNECTION IN HIGH-VOLTAGE/LOW-VOLTAGE. .................................................. 3
1.2 CONNECTING THE GENERATOR.................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 CONNECTING THE STATOR................................................................................................. 3
1.3 ROTOR CONNECTION .................................................................................................................. 5
 Code: DM015363-en Rev: 05
DESCRIPTION
Date: 26/06/2017 Page 3 of 5

Title:
Wind turbine
Connection to grid

1 DESCRIPTION OF THE WIND TURBINE GRID CONNECTION

This document describes how double feed wind turbines are connected to the grid.
1.1 TRANSFORMER CONNECTION IN HIGH-VOLTAGE/LOW-VOLTAGE.

The transformer is connected to the grid in the wind turbine energization process. It is performed with the
low-voltage secondary in an open circuit. The current that runs through it is therefore as follows:
• That corresponding with transformer startup on the high-voltage side with the low-voltage windings in an
open circuit.
• The transformer high-voltage winding vacuum current with the low-voltage windings in an open circuit.
1.2 CONNECTING THE GENERATOR

1.2.1 CONNECTING THE STATOR

The stator is connected to the grid using electrically controlled contactors or circuit breakers. The contactor that
connects the generator to the grid is the KS stator contactor (sometimes it is a contactor and others a protection
circuit breaker). The control system measures the upstream grid voltage of the KS and that generated downstream.
To connect the generator stator to the generated voltage grid, the module, phase and frequency must match the
grid voltage. The process is as follows:
• The control regulates the voltage generated in the stator, acting on the rotor current.
• When the voltages match, the control closes the stator contactor.
• The current that runs through during the connection is almost zero because there is no difference between
the grid voltage and the generated voltage.
• The power ramps up to the optimal value at each instance.
To disconnect the generator from the grid, the process is as follows:
• The control ramps the generated power down until the current running through the KS is almost zero.
• When the power is zero, the control opens the stator contactor.
• The current that runs through when the stator contactor opens is almost zero.
 Code: DM015363-en Rev: 05
DESCRIPTION
Date: 26/06/2017 Page 4 of 5

Title:
Wind turbine
Connection to grid

Figure 1: Simplified grid connection diagram

Position Denomination
1 High-voltage circuit breaker
2 Transformer
3 Grid voltage (VG)
4 Stator contactor (KS)
5 Stator voltage (Vs)
6 Star Contactor (KY)
7 Delta Contactor (KD)
8 Generator
9 Rotor intensity (IR)
10 Control
11 Converter
12 Precharge resistor
13 Rotor contactor (KR)
14 Precharge contactor

To improve wind turbine performance, the generator stator windings are connected in star or delta mode using the
KY and KD contactors respectively. The control system checks the wind and power conditions continually. When the
right conditions occur, the star is changed to delta or vice versa. For low wind speeds, the generator is connected
 Code: DM015363-en Rev: 05
DESCRIPTION
Date: 26/06/2017 Page 5 of 5

Title:
Wind turbine
Connection to grid

in star mode. When wind speed increases, the control connects the generator in delta mode. The change is made
as follows:
• The control system regulates the rotor current so that the generated power in the stator ramps down to
zero.
• When the current running through the stator is almost zero, the control opens the contactor that connect
the generator to the grid.
• Once the generator is disconnected from the grid, the control opens the star contactor and closes the delta
contactor, or vice versa.
• After changing the star-triangle connection, the control regulates the stator voltage through the rotor
current.
• When the voltage, frequency and phase-out angle are the right ones, the control closes the contactor that
connect the generator to the grid. The wind turbine is then ready to supply power again.
• Finally, the control system regulates the rotor current to gradually increase the power from zero to the
power generated at that moment.
The change from star to delta means that the contactors change status when the current running through them is
around zero. There is a hysteresis in the control to decide the star-delta changes, so that continuous changes are
not made in gusty wind conditions.
NOTE:
Some wind turbine types have no star-delta connection. In this case, the generator stator is always con-
nected in delta mode.

1.3 ROTOR CONNECTION

The rotor is connected to the grid by a 4-quadrant convertor with vectorial regulation that can control the active
and reactive power transmitted by the generator and the grid.
This converter is formed by 2 IGBT inverters linked by a direct current phase. The converter is connected to the
grid by contactors. The DC phase is energized by precharge resistors, which are short circuited once it is charged.
When the phase is pre-charged, the control is responsible for keeping the DC constant. There are no voltage peaks
when connecting the converter to the grid.