Impacts of Marine Pollution To Shipping Operation and Marine Environment

2/1/23, 10:12 AM Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment
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(FT) (/food-science-and-
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Guidance and Counselling Reference ID: PS-23790-TM
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DEDICATION
Human Resource Management This research work titled "Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment" is dedicated to God for his enabling
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Linguistics and Communication

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Mass Communication (MC) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

(/mass-communication-mc-
I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor (Name of your Supervisor), the Head of Department (Name of your HOD), the Lecturers in the
department of Marine Engineering, Book Authors and Profound Scholars of existing/related research work for your moral support that
facilitated the successful completion of my (Tertiary Institution level). I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent for their financial
support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you very much.
ii
Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminary Pages
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
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1.4 Research Questions
(2023) Project / Seminar

1.5 Research Hypotheses
📚 Proposal Topics and

Materials (/project-and-
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1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study

Mechanical Engineering 1.8 Limitation of the Study

project-and-seminar-material) 1.9 Definition of Terms
Midwifery (/midwifery-project- CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
science-project-and-seminar- 2.1 Introduction
material)
2.2 Nature of the Marine Environment
Office Technology and 2.3 Sources of Marine Pollution from Ships
technology-and-management- 2.3.1 Oily-Water Discharge From Ship
material)
2.3.2 Tanker Accidents
2.3.3 Accidental Spillage during Terminal Loading
Science (/pharmaceutical- 2.3.4 Wastewater Discharged From Ships
seminar-material) 2.3.5 Garbage and Other Solid waste
2.3.6 Ballast-water discharged from ships at ports
(/public-administration-pa- 2.3.7 Marine Machinery Exhaust
2.3.8 Anti-fouling Paints
(/surveying-and-geoinformatic- 2.3.9 Sound pollution
2.4 Effects of Marine Pollution
Tourism and Hospitality 2.5 Impact of Pollution on Marine Bio-System
hospitality-management-project- 2.6 Impact of pollution on Local industries (often fishing and tourist industry)
2.6.1 Fishing Industry
2.6.1 Tourist Industry
(/project-and-seminar-materials) 2.7 Impact of Marine Pollution on Public health
2.8 Monitoring, Control and Preventive Measures Of Marine Pollution
2.8.1 International Maritime Organization
2.8.2 Provision of Reception Facilities
2.8.3 Equipment and Constructional Features of Tankers
2.8.4 Oily-water Separator
2.9 Design Criteria for Tankers
2.10 Ballast Water Management
2.11 Ships Waste Water Treatment
2.12 Waterways as Viable Transport Channels
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of Study
3.4 Sampling Technique
3.5 Research Instrument
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
3.8 Questionnaire
3.8.1 Interview
3.8.2 Key Informants Interview
3.8.3 Observation
3.9 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.3 Test of Hypothesis 1
4.4 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - “QUESTIONNAIRE”
(2023) Project / Seminar iii


seminar-materials) ABSTRACT
Mechanical Engineering
(/mechanical-engineering- The impact of marine pollution are enormous, ranging from impairment of surface water quality, disruption of aquatic growth, and reduction of
project-and-seminar-material) amenities, affecting the health of man, etc. The main problem that leads to the pollution of aquatic environment is the attitude of not adhering to laid
down standards for the protection of marine environment. Based on this, investigations have been made on Warri port waterway in finding solution
Midwifery (/midwifery-project-
and-seminar-material) to these problems. Questionnaires were formulated, and research responses gotten were inputted in tables. After analysis, 84.7% of the responses
showed that pollution of the marine environment and aquatic lives affects the economy of such community being polluted and the health of people
are affected negatively. It means that the solution to the pollution of the aquatic environment is for the enforcement of the necessary laws by
material) Government, such as the Warri port regulations, to ensure that full compliance by operators within the industry in order to conserve and protect
aquatic resources, provide safe seafood for human consumption and protect means of livelihood. Re-educating the citizen, ship owners, crew of a
Management (OTM) (/office- ship, oil exploring companies, and other corporate bodies, to be concerned and responsible for the respect and protection of the marine environment
technology-and-management- would also bring about control to the rate at which the marine environment is polluted especially from the vessels. This will go a long way in
material)
protecting the Warri port waterway.
iv
seminar-material)

CHAPTER ONE
project-and-seminar-material) 1.0 Introduction
Tourism and Hospitality 1.1 Background of the Study

hospitality-management-project- Marine pollution is classed as point source or non-point source. Point source pollution occurs when there is a single, identifiable, and localized
source of the pollution. That is, "point source" means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch,
channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from
(/project-and-seminar-materials) which pollutants are or may be discharged. An example is directly discharging sewage (i.e. water carried waste, in solution or suspension, which is
intended to be removed from a community, also known as wastewater) and industrial waste into the ocean (Mitchell, 2007).
The internationally recognized definition for the marine environment was developed by Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine
Environmental Protection (GESAMP), currently known as Aspects Of Marine Environ-mental Protection, which states: ‘Introduction by man,
directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effects as harm to living
resources, hazard to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea-water, and reduction of
amenities’.
Non point source pollution occurs when the pollution comes from ill-defined and diffuse sources. It arises from a broad group of human activities
for which the pollutants have no obvious point of entry into receiving watercourses. Obviously, non-point source pollution is much more difficult to
measure, identify and control than point sources. These include agricultural storm water discharges and return flows from irrigated agriculture, urban
runoff (from roofs, streets, parking lots, etc), transportation (roads, railways, pipelines, hydro-electric corridors) etc.
Industries and businesses may discharge wastes to street gutters and storm drains. Overloading and malfunction of septic systems lead to surface
runoff (Ijc, 2003)
Investigation reveals the following problem of the existing research work;
1. Improper evaluation of the ways forward for Proper Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution in Warri port,
2. Inadequate provision of information relating to the sources of marine pollution in Warri port,
3. Lack of proper and precise information relating to the adverse effects of marine pollution on human health, as well as the Marine Environment.
The general objective of this study is to evaluate the Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment using Warri port
as a case study. The specific objectives are to find out the following:
1. To evaluate the ways forward for Proper Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution in Warri port,
2. Provision of information relating to the sources of marine pollution in Warri port,
3. To provide proper and precise information relating to the adverse effects of marine pollution on human health, as well as the Marine
Environment.
The following research questions were formulated to guide this study:
What are the Sources of Marine Pollution?

Does Marine Pollution have adverse effects on human health, as well As the Marine Environment?
What are the ways forward for Proper Monitoring, Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution in Warri Port?
The following research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study:
Hypothesis 1
H0: There is no significance relationship between the effect of Marine Pollution and shipping operation in Warri port.
H1: There is a significance relationship between the effect of Marine Pollution and shipping operation in Warri port.
(2023) Project / Seminar In this study, the researchers have set out to evaluate the effect of marine pollution to the shipping operation using Warri port as a case study.

seminar-materials)
1. It would enable the officer’s in-charge to improve on the system of transportation where lapses are discovered or exists.

2. The study would also educate those who do not understand the essence of marine pollution to the shipping operation of any nation.
(/mechanical-engineering- 3. To stakeholders and interested persons in transport sector, this study is expected to enkindle their interest the more and they will take note of
various recommendations mentioned here and help steer the management team towards forming a study organizations to present accurate
Midwifery (/midwifery-project- shipping operation that will measure the Nigerian gross domestic product.
4. This study will also help to serve as literature (reference source) to students, individuals or corporate bodies into what to carry out on further
Nursing (Science) (/nursing- research on the similar topic.
material)
Management (OTM) (/office- This study is limited to Warri port waterway and upon the research topic which is the effect of marine pollution to the shipping operation using Warri
technology-and-management- port as a case study.
material)
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Science (/pharmaceutical- During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of which are:
seminar-material)
1. Time Constraint: The time frame given to accomplish this project was very short due to school academic calendar and it was carried out under
Public Administration (PA) pressure which made the researcher not to implement some necessary features.
2. Establishment Policies: Establishment policies posed a serious limitation as most staffs are not ready to release information needed for this
project work. There were lots of information needed from the staffs of this institution to enhance the study which took them time to release or
they did not release at all for security purposes, hence the scope was reduced.
project-and-seminar-material) 3. Research material: availability of research material is a major setback to the scope of the study.
4. Frequent power failure: This made the researcher append more money on fuel to ensure sustainable power.
Management (/tourism-and- 5. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or
hospitality-management-project- information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
1.9 Definition of Terms
(/project-and-seminar-materials) Transportation: It is an act, process, or instance of transporting or being transported. Any device used to move an item from one location to
another. Common forms of transportation include planes, trains, automobiles, and other two-wheel devices such as bikes or motorcycles.
Accessibility: accessibility refers to ease of reaching destinations. People in places that are highly accessible would reach many other activities or
destinations quickly and people in inaccessible places can reach many fewer places in the same amount of time, so that nearer or less expensive
places are weighted more than farther or more expensive places.
Logistics: Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation. In a general business sense, logistics is the
management of the flow of things between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet requirements of customers or
corporations.
Logistics Management: Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient,
effective forward, and reverses flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of
consumption in order to meet customer's requirements. The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized, and optimized by
dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of resources is a common motivation in all logistics fields. A professional working in
the field of logistics management is called a logistician.
Marine: A marine is a member of an armed force, for example the US Marine Corps or the Royal Marines, who is specially trained for military
duties at sea as well as on land.
Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution can take the form of
chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or
naturally occurring contaminants.
Shipping: ships considered collectively, especially those in a particular area or belonging to a particular country.
Operation: Operations is the work of managing the inner workings of your business so it runs as efficiently as possible.
…
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
This chapter focuses on the review of related literature. A literature review includes the current knowledge as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic. It documents the state of the art with respect to the topic you are writing. It surveys the literature in the topic
selected. In this research work the literature review includes the …
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Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9 Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
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2/1/23, 10:12 AM Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment

Food Science and Technology

Linguistics and Communication

Mass Communication (MC) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment

1.1 Background of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

(2023) Project / Seminar

📚 Proposal Topics and

Mechanical Engineering 1.8 Limitation of the Study

Midwifery (/midwifery-project- CHAPTER TWO

(2023) Project / Seminar iii

📚 Proposal Topics and

Public Administration (PA)

Tourism and Hospitality 1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Investigation reveals the following problem of the existing research work;

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were formulated to guide this study:

What are the Sources of Marine Pollution?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study:

1.6 Significance of the Study

📚 Proposal Topics and

1.9 Definition of Terms

2.0 Literature Review

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📚 Proposal Topics and

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Public Administration (PA) Account Details - For USSD / POS Transfer

Surveying and Geoinformatics Account No: 1222599051

Tourism and Hospitality Bank Name: Zenith Bank PLC

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Impacts of Marine Pollution to Shipping Operation and Marine Environment

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Surveying and Geoinformatics

Tourism and Hospitality

Brief Background of Study

Aim of the Study

Specific Objectives of the Study

Relevant Research Questions

Relevant Research Hypotheses

Defense Procedure for Marine Engineering Researchers

point to study if your work is cumbersome or not.

Motivation / Statement of Problems

Aims & Objective of Study

State two or more citation from your review of related literature.

Know the methodologies, tools and techniques used.

Conclusion and Recommendation