Summary of 26 species concepts reproduce without permiss [Copyright © 2002 John S. Witkin. john witkins ei There are numerous species concepts atthe object-level in the literature. (Maydsn 1997) has listed 22 species coneepls #l0ng with synonyms, and his metataxonomy DFovides a useful starting point fora review. I have ale authors where 1 ean locate them in adlition to Mayden's feferences, and instead of his abbreviations Ihave neganeets are ssh x Boece or onal Shes, te, llowing Gore 1956) excep and Meier ‘additional coneepts sinew tried to giv ral new revisions presented in (Whee! where nothing natural SUEgeSs itselL. There have also buen SE Thal ave al (he views of Peel Wena emcee Mlscme “partial” specs eaneagry st ompilospecies concept an the nothospecies concep 2000) In axkition, 1 Thave made a distinction between to phy at the tie (8 in the Wheeler ant Meier volume). To rer mnophyletiespesies CONEEDL ‘les cpneeps at Eo by various names, mostly the names of the ly this, have christened them the authors presenti ‘Autapommorphie species concept and the M 4. Agamospecies irhars Cain 1954, Eiyen 1993 (quavererieg Asexual lineages, tniporenal organism May be secondarily unparental from biparental ancestors Principal 2, Autapomorphic species See Phylospesies Principal authors: Nelson and Platnick 1981; Rosen 1979 3. Biospecies ‘Synonyms: Synge, speciationist species eoncepy Related concepts: Biological species concept, Genetic species, iso Principal ors: Ray, Bulfon, Dobzhansky 1935, Mayr 1942 Specifications Inclusive Mendelian population of sexually reproducing organisms (Dabehansky 1935; Dobzhansky 1937, Dobehanshy 1970) interbreeding natural population isolated from other such groups (Mayr 1942; Mayr 1963; Mayr 1970. Mayr and Ashlock 1991), Depends upon endogenous reproductive isolating mechanisms (RIM), 4, Cladospecies Simon ns; lnternotal species concept, Hennigian species eoncept, Hennigian convention Principal authors: Hennig. 1950; Hennig, 1966; Kornet 1993 Set of organisms between speciation evens or between speciation event and extinetion (Ridley Upon speciation the ancestral species is extinguished and Specifications 1989), a segment of te new species are nate pliylogenctic Fineage between nodes 5. Cohesion species Sinomvms: Cohesive individual (in part) (Ghiscin an all) Principal authors: Ferapleton 1989 ‘Speofications. Most inclusive population with potenti ‘mechanisms... having the potential for genetic andor demographic exchangeability (Te for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mplcton 1989), 6. Compilospecies Sionms: None elated concept: Ineogressive taxa Principal authors: Aguile etal, 1999; Haan and De Wel 1963 Specifications A species pir where one species “plumes he genetic resources of anther via introgressive interbreeding 7. Composite Species Snonyms: Phylospesies (in pa estiu y hylospeies in pant), Inteodal species (pa, claduspecis (in pat) Principal authors: Kornet and. McAllister 1993 ae 7002 John. Wiki Summary of 26 species concepts [CopyrightStaton: Ang soning oan inal intemodon is defined as a set of organisms whose P oe ents un nil an su 8. Ecospecies Shonyrs: Beotypes = Head concep Evolution species sens impr, logy Principal authors: Simpson 1961; Sterelny 1999; Tu a2: Van Velen 1976 Specifications: A lineage (or closely related set oF lineXE™®) Which ogeyrie a inierange a wicb OY Spat eae sous ism 9. Evolutionary species Synonyms: Unit of evolution, evolutionary g°0UP elared concepts: Evolutionary significant wit Principal authors: Simpson 1961; Wiley 1978; Wiley 1981 Specifications: A lineage (an anvesteallescendeAt SNE" OT populations ‘With its own unitary evolutionary role and tendencies (Simpson), ) volving sepatey frm ethers 10. Evolutionary significant unit ‘Symonyais: Biospecies (in part) and evolutionary spe Principal authors: Waples 1991 Specifications: population (oc group of populations) hs 1) is substantially repro ni 2) represents an impor! Component in he cece is (in pact) isolated from other Y legacy of the species, conspecific population units, 11. Genealogical concordance species Synonyms: Biospecies (in part), cladospecies (in part), Phylospecies (in part) Principal authors: Avise and Ball 1990 ; Specitieations: Population subdivisions eoncordantly ientifed by multipteindependentyenctic a ent rts constitute the population units worthy of recognition as phylow 12. Genic species Synonyms: none Related concepts: Genealogival concordance spe species (in pat) Principal author: Wu 2001, 2001 Specifications: A species formed by the fixation ofall isolating genetic traits in the common genome oft uence species (in part, biospecies (in pant), atapomorphic population, 13. Genetic species Synonyms: Gentes (sing, Gens) Related concepts: Biospecies, phenospecies, morphospecies Principal authors: Dobzhansky 1950; Maye 1969; Simpson 1943 Specifications: Group of organisms that may inherited charaeters from exch other, common gene po}, reproductive ‘community that forms a genetic unit 14. Genotypic cluster Svonyas: Polythetic species rea Agamospecies, biuspecies, venetie species, Heung a Species, phenospecies, autapomorphic phylaspecies, suevessional species: taxonomic Spee Principal author: Mallet 1995 —a—" hology OF Be Specifications: Clusters of monotypic entified using morphology & : “monotypic or polytypie biologieal entities, identifies esies, nov-timiensioal an species, morphospeses, noni cls, 15. Hennigian species Synonyms: Biospecies (in part), eladospevi (in part), eladospecies (in pg veies (in part) Principal autory: Hennig 1950; Hennig 1966: Nee Be sinco ier ‘an yillaa Summary of 26 species conee tmmary of26 species concepts [Copstighi © 2002 joy « wikis! 2 Jay §, WilkiasSpeciticnn ications: A tokogenetic comm, when it goss a a unity tha aris ja a stem SPECIES i dissolve into two new species and ens 16. Internodal species Sinonyms: Cla Pree: Clulospecies and Hennigan species ylospecies Eritetpal author: Komet 3 ae ecifications: Organisms between two perma 1 of a genealogical network are conspecific in virtue of iis common membership oF 17. Least Inclusive Taxono) ‘Shmonymis: evolutionary Principal authors: Ple Specifications: A taxo binomial mic Unit (LITUs) uto0p (in pat). phylospecies ijl 1999; Pleijel and Rouse 2000 ie Up thas diggnosabl jo wns OF SS fixed rank or autapomorphies, but has ne 18. Monophyletic species See: Phylospecies Principal authors: Cracralt 1983. Eldredge nd Cracralt 1980: Nixon ad Wheelst 1990 19. Morphospecies Srnonyms: Classieal species bere Linnean species, binoms, plienospecies, monothetic species, monotypes, types. T Principal authors: Aristotle and Linnacus, and too many oles to name, but ine! Cronquist 1978 Specifications: Species are the smallest groups that are consistently and persistently distinct, and distinguishable by Juching Owen, Agassiz, and recently ordinary means (Cronquist 1978). 20, Non-cimensional species Svnomyms: Folk taxonomical kinds (Atran 1990) Related concepts: Biospecies, uenelic species, moiphospecies, paleospevies, sw'essional species, taxonomic species Principal authors: Maye 1942; Mayr 1963 ‘Shectfeutnons: Species delimitation ina nn-inensions system (asystem without the dimensions oF space an time, Mayr 1963) 21. Nothospecies Synonyms: hybrid specie: Related concepts: Compilospecies, hor Principal author: Wagner 1983 Feccifentont: Specie ore om iol trion awe distin! patenn species, often by polyploidy. Phylospecies Synonyms: Aut species. lineages Related concepts: Principal authors: Specifications: The small diagnosable and monophyle with one or more unique aperne One derives from Rosen and is 0 and tends to be favoured DY te reps ane seri 1 be favours OY P reticulate species onal oF lateral transfer monophyletic phylospecies, minimst! monophyletic units, monophylet tapomorphie phylospevies similar to internoal specie clatospesies, composite species, est inclusive taxonomic wits Sie 1983: Eke od Cte 1980; Nelson and Pltnick 1981; Rosen 1979 tit approatat fresnel analysis, the smallest bilo ees that re sie_ unit product oF nal selection and descent. A geouraphically constrained group rphies (autayomorPhies), There are two versions ofthis and they are not identical at call the aulePomorphic species concept. Itis primarily a concept of diagnosis jon knows 35 ate claism, The thes what il he monopsespecies process ellis con 22, Phenospecies ras: hea (SINE. P epg saeco 136 species concepts [COPS h 1994) srenon) (Smith 1994) peyeic conor SPesis, mophospecies, non-lisnsion cies, X00 Species, quasispecies, viral species 110 2002 Joba S, Wiking} Synor phylospecies (im Related £0! part), pheno ‘sueimary o!Tepe urs: Beckner 1959; Figen 199), Sok aR Shea yg, A cluster of characters that statistically yyy Speeificuta aston 8 ee Korn ina spec, ba ayaa tha 23. Recognition species Shnominis: Specitic mate recognition system (SMRS) Related concepts: Biospec Principal author: Paterson 1985 Specificaions: A spevies i that ews inclusive popultion oF individ , biparental organisins which share a vommon fertilization system 24. Reproductive competition species Fononys: Hypermauern species concept , Biospecies (in pt) Principal author: Ghiselin 197 Spefcations: The most extensive nits in the natal economy such reprodutive competition oceurs amor their part, 25. Successional species Si Principal authors: George 1956: Sinywon 15e4 Speceatons: Rairary snagentc tae in morphea forms, minty in he paleontological recon wun: Paleospecies, evolutionary species (in pat), ronospe 26. Taxonomic species Species concept (Kitcher 1984) Sinonyms: Cynic i conconlanse speeies, Mogphospesies, phenospecies, phylospecies Related concepts: Agamnospecies, gencalout Principal ator: Blackwelder 1957, but see (Rewan {9 sag Heations: Specimens consiered by a txonomist be members of akin on the eve {€ OF on the assumption Ui ats a6 alike ws their olspring uf hereditary relatives witha afew yenerstione, Wintec a competent taxonomis: chooses fo call a speci References Aatilar J.F..J. A. Rosella, and G.N. Feliner. 1999, Molgoutar evidence for the compilospe paren in Armeria (Plumbaginacete). Systematic Biology 48-735: 784 Ae Cb Phe centive foundations of nutural hogy Canbrde University Press, New York uae 2 Cand RM, Bull. 1990. Principles of genealogist once donee im species concepts and biological Gannomy. Pp. 45-67 iw D. Fuuyma and J. Atonovies, els hint Sin 38 in Evolutionary Biology. Oxfort University Press, Oxford Beka Lest, The bilasical way of tushy, Columbia University Pres, Nex Yorks CHM ATilet RE 1967, Zaxonony eH end eferenphoo Wily New ee r Cute A: + 1954. Auinal species and their evoltion Huth von University Library, Londdn)\ {eel J. 1983. Spevies concepts and speciation ume oe Ornithology 1:159-187 MEAs A. 1978, Once again, what isa species? Pp. 3.29 cf Knutson, ed. BioS\stemutics intgriculture Alleheld Osmun, Montelain, NJ pobzhansky. T1935. A critique ofthe species concgpy n biology. Philosophy of Seience2:344-355 Daraltasky. T: 1937, Genetics and the origin of apron Gone University Press, New York Donatsasty T1950, Mendelian populations and there Aunesican Naturalist 74:312- Etsy T. 1970. Gentes athe evoitionan' rca ae en University Press, New York By. Viral quasispecies, Scientific mericun Jay 198 Nec yes, Nad). Cera 1980, Phvuagentc ‘enelsis ant the evolutionary process. Columbin University Press, EEL 1956. Bospecies,cheonospecies and morphospeves, Pp 123-137 fn P, Sylvester-Brad Ghiselig ra oi paleontology. Systematics Associion, Lenton’ Sete Bley ed The Feylis M.T. 1974. radical solution othe species ob Systematic Zoology 23:536.544 fae Rand) M.De Wet 1963. The compilospeies cone, Evolution 17:497-59) lean . Phalogenn er Theor der Potogenischn Suen Hennig, W. 1966. Phyfogenetic systemaricr University oF Hino p Sunmary of26 species conceps [Copyright ©2009 John $i model of reticulate Autbau, Vert ress, Urbana Iki) is Berlin,