Version 7.3.

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang
No 3D scene defined, no shadings
System power: 132 kWp
Project Capstone Cikarang - Indonesia

Author
 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Project Capstone Cikarang Latitude -6.35 °S Albedo 0.20
Indonesia Longitude 107.11 °E
Altitude 40 m
Time zone UTC+7

Meteo data
Project Capstone Cikarang
Meteonorm 8.1 (2016-2021), Sat=100% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed plane No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)
Tilt/Azimuth 10 / 0 °

System information
PV Array Inverters
Nb. of modules 240 units Nb. of units 1 unit
Pnom total 132 kWp Pnom total 100 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.320

Results summary
Produced Energy 190481 kWh/year Specific production 1443 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 79.91 %

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 3
Main results 4
Loss diagram 5
Predef. graphs 6
P50 - P90 evaluation 8
Cost of the system 9
Financial analysis 10
CO₂ Emission Balance 13

06/07/23 Page 2/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

General parameters
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation
Orientation Sheds configuration Models used
Fixed plane No 3D scene defined Transposition Perez
Tilt/Azimuth 10 / 0 ° Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Circumsolar separate

Horizon Near Shadings User's needs

Free Horizon No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer Trina Solar Manufacturer Growatt New Energy
Model TSM-DE19-550Wp Vertex Model MAX 100KTL3-X LV
(Original PVsyst database) (Original PVsyst database)
Unit Nom. Power 550 Wp Unit Nom. Power 100 kWac
Number of PV modules 240 units Number of inverters 10 * MPPT 10% 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 132 kWp Total power 100 kWac
Modules 12 Strings x 20 In series Operating voltage 180-1000 V
At operating cond. (50°C) Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.32
Pmpp 121 kWp No Power sharing between MPPTs
U mpp 573 V
I mpp 211 A

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 132 kWp Total power 100 kWac
Total 240 modules Number of inverters 1 unit
Module area 627 m² Pnom ratio 1.32

Array losses
Thermal Loss factor DC wiring losses Module Quality Loss
Module temperature according to irradiance Global array res. 45 mΩ Loss Fraction -0.4 %
Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s

Module mismatch losses Strings Mismatch loss

Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP Loss Fraction 0.1 %

IAM loss factor

Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel, AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

06/07/23 Page 3/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy 190481 kWh/year Specific production 1443 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 79.91 %

Economic evaluation
Investment Yearly cost LCOE
Global 1188510000.00 IDR Annuities 0.00 IDR/yr Energy cost 549 IDR/kWh
Specific 9004 IDR/Wp Run. costs 116336040.19 IDR/yr
Payback period 8.7 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh ratio
January 132.9 78.08 25.13 126.1 122.1 13714 13499 0.811
February 138.3 77.27 24.85 134.2 130.7 14433 14215 0.802
March 151.9 83.49 25.44 152.0 148.4 16185 15940 0.794
April 146.6 78.04 25.59 151.4 148.0 16169 15928 0.797
May 148.5 73.84 26.07 158.2 154.7 16912 16662 0.798
June 143.8 66.12 25.46 155.6 152.5 16725 16478 0.802
July 150.0 69.39 25.13 161.2 158.1 17331 17070 0.802
August 156.3 81.56 25.64 163.4 160.2 17486 17227 0.799
September 157.8 81.91 25.66 160.3 156.8 16995 16746 0.791
October 174.3 89.71 26.29 171.2 167.4 17998 17735 0.785
November 143.8 83.47 25.51 137.4 133.8 14814 14594 0.804
December 142.9 80.80 25.43 134.7 130.7 14612 14388 0.809
Year 1787.0 943.71 25.52 1805.8 1763.4 193373 190481 0.799

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_Grid Energy injected into grid
T_Amb Ambient Temperature PR Performance Ratio
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

06/07/23 Page 4/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Loss diagram
1787 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation
+1.1% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.35% IAM factor on global

1763 kWh/m² * 627 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 21.05% PV conversion

232793 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.63% PV loss due to irradiance level

-8.76% PV loss due to temperature

+0.37% Module quality loss

-2.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-1.01% Ohmic wiring loss

205305 kWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-1.41% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-5.89% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power

0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current

0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.00% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.00% Night consumption
190481 kWh Available Energy at Inverter Output
190481 kWh Energy injected into grid

06/07/23 Page 5/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Predef. graphs
Daily Input/Output diagram

Daily System Output Energy

06/07/23 Page 6/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Predef. graphs
System Output Power Distribution

06/07/23 Page 7/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

P50 - P90 evaluation

Meteo data Simulation and parameters uncertainties
Source Meteonorm 8.1 (2016-2021), Sat=100% PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Kind Monthly averages Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Synthetic - Multi-year average Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Year-to-year variability(Variance) 5.6 % Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Specified Deviation
Climate change 0.0 %

Global variability (meteo + system) Annual production probability

Variability (Quadratic sum) 5.8 % Variability 11.14 MWh
P50 190.48 MWh
P90 176.20 MWh
P95 172.19 MWh

Probability distribution

06/07/23 Page 8/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units IDR IDR
PV modules
TSM-DE19-550Wp Vertex 240 2900000.00 696000000.00
Supports for modules 240 577083.33 138500000.00
Inverters
MAX 100KTL3-X LV 1 53600000.00 53600000.00
Other components
Accessories, fasteners 1 27815000.00 27815000.00
Wiring 1 26775000.00 26775000.00
Combiner box 1 800000.00 800000.00
Surge arrester 12 130000.00 1560000.00
Installation
Global installation cost per module 240 571250.00 137100000.00
Transport 1 12000000.00 12000000.00
Licenses for Operation Reliability 1 5500000.00 5500000.00
Operational Installments 1 18860000.00 18860000.00
Unpredictable Installment Budget 70000000.00
Total 1188510000.00
Depreciable asset 915915000.00

Operating costs

Item Total
IDR/year
Maintenance
Provision for inverter replacement 10720000.00
Repairs 44185281.00
Total (OPEX) 54905281.00
Including inflation (5.75%) 116336040.19

System summary
Total installation cost 1188510000.00 IDR
Operating costs (incl. inflation 5.75%/year) 116336040.19 IDR/year
Produced Energy 190 MWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 549.037 IDR/kWh

06/07/23 Page 9/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Simulation period
Project lifetime 25 years Start year 2023

Income variation over time

Inflation 5.75 %/year
Production variation (aging) 5.80 %/year
Discount rate 5.75 %/year

Income dependent expenses

Income tax rate 11.00 %/year
Other income tax 0.00 %/year
Dividends 0.00 %/year

Depreciable assets

Asset Depreciation Depreciation Salvage Depreciable

method period value (IDR)
(years) (IDR)
PV modules
TSM-DE19-550Wp Vertex Straight-line 25 0.00 696000000.00
Supports for modules Straight-line 25 0.00 138500000.00
Inverters
MAX 100KTL3-X LV Straight-line 25 0.00 53600000.00
Accessories, fasteners Straight-line 20 0.00 27815000.00
Total 0.00 915915000.00

Financing
Own funds 1188510000.00 IDR

Electricity sale
Feed-in tariff 1114.0000 IDR/kWh
Duration of tariff warranty 25 years
Annual connection tax 0.00 IDR/kWh
Annual tariff variation 0.0 %/year
Feed-in tariff decrease after warranty 0.00 %

Return on investment
Payback period 8.7 years
Net present value (NPV) 2199402370.21 IDR
Internal rate of return (IRR) 16.83 %
Return on investment (ROI) 185.1 %

06/07/23 Page 10/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Detailed economic results (kIDR)

Year Electricity Own Run. Deprec. Taxable Taxes After-tax Cumul. %

sale funds costs allow. income profit profit amorti.

0 0 1188510000 0 0 0 0 0 -1188510000 0.0%
1 212201194 0 54905281 36914750 120381163 13241928 144053985 -1052288737 11.5%
2 224508863 0 58062335 36914750 129531779 14248496 152198033 -916191820 22.9%
3 237530377 0 61400919 36914750 139214709 15313618 160815841 -780207856 34.4%
4 251307139 0 64931472 36914750 149460918 16440701 169934967 -644326070 45.8%
5 265882953 0 68665031 36914750 160303172 17633349 179584573 -508536271 57.2%
6 281304165 0 72613271 36914750 171776144 18895376 189795518 -372828819 68.6%
7 297619806 0 76788534 36914750 183916522 20230817 200600455 -237194597 80.0%
8 314881755 0 81203874 36914750 196763131 21643944 212033936 -101624980 91.4%
9 333144897 0 85873097 36914750 210357050 23139275 224132524 33888187 102.9%
10 352467301 0 90810800 36914750 224741750 24721593 236934908 169352622 114.2%
11 372910404 0 96032421 36914750 239963233 26395956 250482027 304775623 125.6%
12 394539208 0 101554286 36914750 256070172 28167719 264817203 440164094 137.0%
13 417422482 0 107393657 36914750 273114075 30042548 279986277 575524565 148.4%
14 441632986 0 113568792 36914750 291149443 32026439 296037755 710863214 159.8%
15 467247699 0 120098998 36914750 310233951 34125735 313022966 846185885 171.2%
16 494348065 0 127004690 36914750 330428625 36347149 330996226 981498107 182.6%
17 523020253 0 134307460 36914750 351798043 38697785 350015009 1116805110 194.0%
18 553355428 0 142030139 36914750 374410539 41185159 370140130 1252111842 205.4%
19 585450043 0 150196872 36914750 398338421 43817226 391435945 1387422983 216.7%
20 619406145 0 158833192 36914750 423658203 46602402 413970551 1522742964 228.1%
21 655331702 0 167966100 35524000 451841601 49702576 437663025 1658028685 239.5%
22 693340940 0 177624151 35524000 480192789 52821207 462895582 1793333971 250.9%
23 733554715 0 187837540 35524000 510193175 56121249 489595926 1928662433 262.3%
24 776100888 0 198638198 35524000 541938690 59613256 517849434 2064017488 273.7%
25 821114740 0 210059895 35524000 575530845 63308393 547746452 2199402370 285.1%
Total 11319624147 1188510000 2908401005 915915000 7495308143 824483896 7586739247 2199402370 285.1%

06/07/23 Page 11/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Yearly net profit (kIDR)

Cumulative cashflow (kIDR)

06/07/23 Page 12/13

 Project: Ongrid
Variant: Project Cikarang

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
06/07/23 21:45
with v7.3.1

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 3401.0 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 238.31 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below:
Replaced Emissions
Total: 4194.4 tCO₂
System production: 190.48 MWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 734 gCO₂/kWh
Source: IEA List
Country: Indonesia
Lifetime: 30 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 132 kWp 226079
Supports 4.90 kgCO2/kg 2400 kg 11750
Inverters 485 kgCO2/units 1.00 units 485

06/07/23 Page 13/13