Mulungushi University

School of Engineering and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

COURSE CODE : CIE 462 COURSE NAME : STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

TEST TWO- MULTI-DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Given date: 23rd May 2022

Duration: 2h

Presentation of Work/Solutions carries with it 1 Mark

Closed book Test & Answer all Questions

Questions:
Question 1 [6 Mark]

The 4th year civil engineering students at Mulungushi university were chosen by
IISEE (International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering) in
conjunction with various mines in Zambia to carry out empirical studies aimed to
idealise damping for various infrastructure at the mines. The model proposed by
the students is a 2-DOF system as shown in figure 1:

a) From figure 1, evaluate the mass matrix [𝑀] and stiffness matrix [𝐾] Figure 1: Lumped sum;
b) Given the flexibility matrix as follows: K stiffness & m mass
1 3 1
[𝐹] = ( )
2𝐾 1 1
Show that we have a rigid beam-slab system by verifying that, [𝐾] × [𝐹] = [𝐹] × [𝐾]
c) The damping matrix constructed is modelled after Rayleigh damping and given by the
following equation:
[𝐶] = 𝑎0 [𝑀] + 𝑎1 [𝐾]
where
2𝜔1 𝜔2 (𝜉1 𝜔1 + 𝜉2 𝜔2 ) 2(𝜉1 𝜔1 + 𝜉2 𝜔2 )
𝑎0 = 2 2
; 𝑎1 =
(𝜔1 − 𝜔2 ) (𝜔1 2 − 𝜔2 2 )

1
 𝐾 𝐾
Through computational analysis, 𝜔1 = 0.76√𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔2 = 1.85√𝑀 by calculating |[𝐾] −
𝜔𝑖 2 [𝑀]| = 0 and experimentally 𝜉1 = 𝜉2 = 5%.

Compute the damping matrix [𝐶].

Question 2 [14 Mark]

In a later study, IISEE asked the same group of civil engineering students at MU to model the
administration block at up-school and carry out dynamic analysis due to wind loading caused
by the effects of climate change considering the age of the structure, as shown below:

Figure 2: Mulungushi University Modelled Admin block

Supposing the system is initially at rest and that 𝑚 = 5000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
0.25 × 0.25 𝑚 ; 𝐸 = 20000𝑀𝑃𝑎

a) Idealise the above and determine the mass matrix [𝑀] and stiffness matrix [𝐾].
Indication: 𝑀1 = 𝑀 × (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) & 𝑀2 = 𝑀 × 𝐿2
b) Using d’Alembert’s principle, establish the equation of motion for the above dynamic
system.
c) Evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the system taking note that the system is
considered to be undamped.
d) Evaluate the modal values and draw the modal shapes.
e) The equation established in b) is the coupled equation, state the modal (decoupled) form.
̅1 and 𝑀
f) Evaluate the decoupled masses 𝑀 ̅2 , and dynamic applied loads 𝑃1 (𝑡) and 𝑃2 (𝑡).
g) Give the expressions of the decoupled equations of motion.