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Urinary System
Urinary System
Kidneys
Urine--formed by the kidneys, which filter many substances out
of blood, allow--blood to reabsorb needed materials, and use--
remaining materials to form urine.
human body normally has two paired kidneys, although it is
possible to get by quite well with just one kidney.
Ureters
As shown in Figure 19.4.219.4.2, ureters-- tube-like structures
that connect--kidneys with the urinary bladder.
Figure 19.4.419.4.4: This illustration shows a cross-section of a
paired structures, with one ureter--each kidney.
ureter.
In adults, ureters--between 25 and 30 cm (10 to 12 in.) long and The white space inside--lumen through which urine passes.
about 3 to 4 mm (about 1/8 in.)--diameter. From the lumen outward, the layers of the ureter wall include
transitional epithelium, connective tissue, two layers of muscle
fibers, and an outer layer of fibrous tissue.
Urinary Bladder
hollow, muscular, and stretchy organ--rests--pelvic floor.
It collects and stores urine from the kidneys before urine--
eliminated through urination. As shown in Figure 19.4.519.4.5,
urine enters the urinary bladder from the ureters through two
ureteral openings on either side--back wall--bladder.
Urine leaves--bladder through a sphincter called the internal
Figure 19.4.219.4.2: Besides the kidneys, the urinary system urethral sphincter.
includes two ureters o sphincter relaxes and opens, it allows urine--flow out--
urinary bladder bladder and into the urethra.
urethra. lined with transitional epithelium, which can flatten out and
Each ureter arises in the pelvis of a kidney (Figure 19.4.319.4.3). It stretch as needed as the bladder fills with urine.
then passes down-- side of the Kidney and finally enters the back of The next layer (lamina propria)--layer of loose connective
the bladder tissue, nerves, and blood and lymphatic vessels.
followed by a submucosa layer, which connects the lining of
the bladder--detrusor muscle in the walls of the bladder.
outer covering of the bladder--peritoneum, which is a smooth
layer of epithelial cells that lines-- abdominal cavity and covers
most abdominal organs
detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder--made of smooth
muscle fibers--controlled by both the autonomic and somatic
nervous systems.
o bladder fills, the detrusor muscle automatically relaxes
to allow it to hold more urine.
bladder--about half full, stretching of the walls triggers--
Figure 19.4.319.4.3: Urine collects in the renal pelvis which is continuous sensation of needing to urinate.
with the ureter. The ureter then carries the urine from the kidney to the individual--ready to void, conscious nervous signals cause--
urinary bladder. detrusor muscle--contract and the internal urethral sphincter to
relax and open.
innermost
walls of theureters are composedlayer--special typeofofdifferent
of multiple layers epithelium, calledtheAstransitional epithelium.expelled out of the bladder and into
a result, urine--forcefully
types of tissues. You can see the layers in Figure 19.4.419.4.4. the urethra.
FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM