Assignment 2

Articles

Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Aziz

Submitted by: Emania Fatima Adan

Major course: Cognitive Psychology

Submission date: March 5, 2021

Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore

Article 1

This research had two studies. In study 1, there were 26 males and 54 females and were recruited

on phone to participate in the study. They were asked to interact with one another and were given

4 minutes for it. They were given attributional questionnaire which included different behaviors

like friendliness, dominance, nervousness and talkativeness, and were contacted again after 3

weeks. In second session, they were asked to recall the conversation they had with other subjects

and were given the questionnaire similar to the previous one but with different memory

perspectives. It was predicted that the subjects who remembered their acquainted conversation

from the observer’s perspective had more dispositional attributions compared to initial

attributions. Those who recalled information from field’s perspective had no change in their

ratings. In study 2, we checked whether memory perspective causes the attributional shift. 108

volunteers were recruited. The procedure was similar to the study 1. For the second session, the

subjects were randomly assigned for observer or field condition. The results showed that the

subject’s memory perspective has a systematic effect on their past attributions. From the

observer’s perspective they make dispositional attributions. And from the field perspective, their

behavior was led dispositional. This article showed a clear research about the person how they

remember the events that happen.

Article 2

This research has 5 studies which is continued and tells us the different perspectives about past

and present selves. Study 1 was done on the people who had taken psychotherapy in the past. All

the participants were undergraduates and 27% of them responded that they had taken therapies

for depression, anxiety, sexual confusion or eating disorders. They were asked to recall their first

therapy sessions and some of them were asked to tell their experience as a first person and third
person. Those who recalled it as a third person were able to tell their experience in detail than the

others. The study 2 was also similar to it the participants were asked to recall their socially

awkward moments and how it was then and now. And to write it in first- and third-person form.

The researchers wanted to know that how far they have overcome their awkwardness. The

participants showed that how much difference they made and that the third person perspective

showed assessments of greater personal changes than the first person. Unlike these two studies,

study 3 the participants were asked to recall an instance of past behavior such as overeating.

Those who avoided overeating focused on the differences between the past and the present which

included reasons for desires to distances themselves from the past. Those who were not

concerned were less effected by the influences. In study 4 a prediction was made participants

judgments about their past that how much they have changed and reveal the connection between

the memory perspectives and the similarities and differences between their past and present

selves. The results show that the third person perspective minimize the differences between the

past self and the present self and focus on the positive similarities. In study 5, participants were

asked to tell an action they are proud of. They were made to visualize that event and see how

much they have changed. When a person gains the sense of distance from a negative past to

positive past actions, it promotes that the third person perspective can promote the perception

continuity between past and present positive self.

References
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.933.2373&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://test.scripts.psu.edu/users/n/x/nxy906/COMPS/CLT/social%20distance/
FrankGilovichfirstthirdperson.pdf
 Date: March, 05 2021

PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT

Excluded Url : None

Content Checked For Plagiarism

Article 1 This research had two studies. In study 1, there were 26 males and 54 females and were recruited on phone to participate in the
study. They were asked to interact with one another and were given 4 minutes for it. They were given attributional questionnaire which included
different behaviors like friendliness, dominance, nervousness and talkativeness, and were contacted again after 3 weeks. In second session,
they were asked to recall the conversation they had with other subjects and were given the questionnaire similar to the previous one but with
different memory perspectives. It was predicted that the subjects who remembered their acquainted conversation from the observer’s
perspective had more dispositional attributions compared to initial attributions. Those who recalled information from field’s perspective had no
change in their ratings. In study 2, we checked whether memory perspective causes the attributional shift. 108 volunteers were recruited. The
procedure was similar to the study 1. For the second session, the subjects were randomly assigned for observer or field condition. The results
showed that the subject’s memory perspective has a systematic effect on their past attributions. From the observer’s perspective they make
dispositional attributions. And from the field perspective, their behavior was led dispositional. This article showed a clear research about the
person how they remember the events that happen. Article 2 This research has 5 studies which is continued and tells us the different
perspectives about past and present selves. Study 1 was done on the people who had taken psychotherapy in the past. All the participants
were undergraduates and 27% of them responded that they had taken therapies for depression, anxiety, sexual confusion or eating disorders.
They were asked to recall their first therapy sessions and some of them were asked to tell their experience as a first person and third person.
Those who recalled it as a third person were able to tell their experience in detail than the others. The study 2 was also similar to it the
participants were asked to recall their socially awkward moments and how it was then and now. And to write it in first- and third-person form.
The researchers wanted to know that how far they have overcome their awkwardness. The participants showed that how much difference they
made and that the third person perspective showed assessments of greater personal changes than the first person. Unlike these two studies,
study 3 the participants were asked to recall an instance of past behavior such as overeating. Those who avoided overeating focused on the
differences between the past and the present which included reasons for desires to distances themselves from the past. Those who were not
concerned were less effected by the influences. In study 4 a prediction was made participants judgments about their past that how much they
have changed and reveal the connection between the memory perspectives and the similarities and differences between their past and present
selves. The results show that the third person perspective minimize the differences between the past self and the present self and focus on the
positive similarities. In study 5, participants were asked to tell an action they are proud of. They were made to visualize that event and see how
much they have changed. When a person gains the sense of distance from a negative past to positive past actions, it promotes that the third
person perspective can promote the perception continuity between past and present positive self.