“Present Status of Women Entrepreneurship Development

in Bangladesh”

Dept. of Business Administration

Shahjalal University of science and Technology, Sylhet

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 Course Title: Seminar paper and Course Viva voce
Course Code: BUS 200

Submitted to:
Sobhana Tanzima Atiq
Associate Professor
Chairman of 2nd Year 2nd Semester Examination Committee
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet

Supervised by:
Professor Dr. Mosaddek Ahmed Chowdhury
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet

Submitted by:
Name Registration No. Signature
ANANYA TALUKDER 2019731025
MD IMDAD HOSSAIN 2019731067
BEJOY MIAH 2019731074
MST. PANNA KHAN 2019731084
AHMOD REZA SAMI 2019731088
2nd Year 2nd Semester
Session: 2019-20
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet
Date of Submission: 9th March 2023

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 Letter of Submission
9th March, 2023
To
Professor Dr. Mosaddek Ahmed Chowdhury
Department of Business Administration
Subject: Submission of the seminar paper.

Dear Sir,
Under your direct direction, we were tasked with writing a seminar paper on “Present Status of
Women Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh”. Although we made every effort to
compile accurate material for this article, flaws may still exist. You can be confident that we did
not use unethical methods to prepare the article. Last but not least, we would like to ask that you
review, accept, and forward our paper so that we can offer it to the chairman of the examination
committee.
We appreciate your consideration and time very much.
Sincerely yours,
Name Registration No. Signature
ANANYA TALUKDER 2019731025
IMDAD HOSSAIN 2019731067
BEJOY MIAH 2019731074
MST. PANNA KHAN 2019731084
AHMOD REZA SAMI 2019731088

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 LETTER OF CERTIFICATE
9Th March 2023
I am very pleased to declare that the group of students from the Department of Business
Administration, 22nd Batch, session 2019-20, Reg. no. 2019731025, 2019731067, 2019731074,
2019731084 and 2019731088 was given the topic on “Present Status of Women
Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh” for conducting a research paper as part of
their BBA program. They have reviewed all the literature and sources for collections of both
primary and secondary data and have done their assigned task. I have supervised them
throughout the preparation of the paper. I also certify that the paper is an original one and has not
been submitted elsewhere previously for publication in any form.
I wish them all the best.
……………………………………………
Professor Dr. Mosaddek Ahmed Chowdhury
Department of Business Administration
Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet

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 Acknowledgement
By the grace of God, the study on “Present Status of Women Entrepreneurship Development
in Bangladesh” has been successfully concluded. We are very appreciative to Dr. Mosaddak
Ahmed Chowdhury, who is our research supervisor and a professor at Shahjalal University of
Science and Technology’s department of business administration, for giving us the direction we
needed to do this study. Without the helpful advice and encouragement from our research
supervisor, our research report would not have taken on its current form. We were able to obtain
useful information by relying on conjecture and secondary sources. We would like to use this
opportunity to express our gratitude to the Shahjalal University of Science and Technology's
Business Administration Department for providing us with the chance to write this paper.
The design and content of this project have been influenced by many people, and many more
have helped us along the way. We really want to thank everyone who supported and motivated
us.
Name Registration No. Signature
ANANYA TALUKDER 2019731025
IMDAD HOSSAIN 2019731067
BEJOY MIAH 2019731074
MST. PANNA KHAN 2019731084
AHMOD REZA SAMI 2019731088

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Abstract:
Any economy depends heavily on its entrepreneurs. These are the individuals that possess the
abilities and drive required to sell new products or services and take the appropriate actions to
ensure that their ideas are lucrative. Women's entrepreneurship is a fluid process that has been
quantified, assessed, and variously described. The entrepreneurship necessitates changing
subordinate organizational structures, having control over financial and intellectual resources,
making decisions, having authority, and reducing gender disparity. The development of women's
entrepreneurship mainly focuses on the empowerment of women through the acquisition of skills
in small to medium-sized companies (SME) and business ventures by taking the risk of making
investment decisions. This study looks at many aspects of female entrepreneurs. In the context of
women of Bangladesh, we assessed women's entrepreneurship development. Along with a
conceptual framework, descriptive information on several indicators is offered. The primary goal
of this study is to identify the issues and opportunities that is being faced by the development of
women entrepreneurship. The majority of this information is gathered through secondary sources
including books and articles, and practical observation. Women are no longer limited to the
home and kitchen, as they were in the past. In opposition to conservative societal outlooks, they
have emerged from their shells and spoken up. Now that more women are entering the
employment, their contribution to the family's means of subsistence gives them a sense of self
and the entitlement to take part in family decision-making. Women are acknowledged as
effective business owners in the modern day due to their great desire, traits, and capacities for
vigorous economic development. Given how significantly women contribute to economic
development, we propose to research the elements that influence the current scenario of women
entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. To a greater extent, this study explains these
obstacles and the reasons why women's entrepreneurship is not developing as much. The
objectives, theoretical frameworks, and research methodologies on female entrepreneurship used
in the perspective of Bangladesh are mapped, classified, and grouped in this study. This essay
clarifies the traits of female entrepreneurs, such as their performance, aptitude for business, and
entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, it can assist female business owners in identifying the
most important performance-related criteria, primary motivators, and entrepreneurial incentives,
among others. Finally, it has been discussed how government agencies and the private sector
may support and encourage women's entrepreneurial development and women's empowerment.

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Table of Content:
Chapters Topic Page No.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction

to the study 1.2 Current scenario of Women
entrepreneurship development in
Bangladesh
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
1.5 Limitations of the study
Chapter 2: Research 2.1 Research Approach and Research Method
Methodology

Chapter 3: Literature 3.1 Literature review

review
Chapter 4: Theoretical
Perspective of the study
4.1 Women entrepreneurship development in
Bangladesh Perspective
4.2 Conceptual framework of woman
entrepreneurship development
4.3 Financial factors of Women
entrepreneurship development
4.4 Need for achievement and women
entrepreneurship development
4.5 Risk-taking and women entrepreneurship
development
4.6 Self-confidence and women
entrepreneurship development
4.7 Economic factors and women
entrepreneurship development
4.8 Socio-cultural factors and women
entrepreneurship development

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 4.9 Problems for woman entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh
4.10 Prospects of woman entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh
Chapter 5: Data Analysis 5.1 Data analysis
& Findings 5.2 Findings

Chapter 6: 6.1 Recommendation

Recommendations and 6.2 Conclusion
conclusion 6.3 Reference for future research
Appendix A. Data Table

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 Chapter 1: Introduction to the study

1.1 Introduction: Women Entrepreneurship development refers to the process of creating an

enabling environment that supports and encourages women to start, grow, and sustain their
businesses. It involves providing women entrepreneurs with access to resources, including
finance, training, networks, and mentorship, as well as addressing the social and cultural barriers
that prevent them from fully participating in economic activities. Women's entrepreneurship
development aims to advance gender equality, economically enfranchise women, and support
global economic growth and development. Countries may increase the number of prosperous
firms, generate job opportunities, and enhance the welfare of their inhabitants by assisting
women entrepreneurs. In our nation, women make up about half of the overall population. By
excluding them from the discussion, we are rejecting the important contribution they can make to
the nation's overall development. Nonetheless, the majority of women in our nation eventually
limit their activities to housework and family functions. These days, the women are emerging
from their shells. Small and medium-sized firms and other emerging markets are now being
explored by them. These ground-breaking efforts are making these women more secure in their
own economic independence while also directly and indirectly supporting their families and
contributing to the growth of the national economy. Despite the significance of women's
entrepreneurship, the number of women entrepreneurs is not growing over time because of the
numerous personal, social, economic, and physical barriers they face when considering starting
or running a firm. Although there have been numerous studies about the effects and potential of
entrepreneurship, which is based primarily on women, on the economy and society, it is
regrettable that relatively few studies have focused primarily on the challenges and opportunities
faced by women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. The major goal of this research is to gain a general
understanding of these issues, identify solutions, highlight opportunities, and support current and
future female entrepreneurs. This study focuses on information from Bangladesh. Due to the low
cost of labor and land, as well as the good and simple contact with other regions of the country,
Bangladesh has a bright future, especially in the SME sector. Now that our country is emerging
from its traditional image, these promising industries and the usage of social media platforms for
commerce make women's entrepreneurship in Bangladesh, extremely promising.

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1.2 Current scenario of Women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh: With a per
capita national income of USD 2,846.84, Bangladesh is a developing nation in South Asia. In
rural regions, the figure is much lower. A little more than half of the population lives in poverty.
Being nearly half of the population, women have a tremendous opportunity to contribute to the
socioeconomic growth of the nation and are essential to reducing gender discrimination. The
government has put in place national measures to increase the participation of women in all areas
of the economy, particularly in the growth of entrepreneurship. Yet, due to their economic and
social disadvantage in comparison to men, women business owners in Bangladesh confront a
number of difficulties. These difficulties include illiteracy, ignorance, a lack of power and
organization, strict societal norms, and injustice by their spouses, especially in rural
communities. Despite having access to equipment, capital, natural and physical resources, rural
human resources may be underutilized or mishandled if not employed effectively. The growth of
women's entrepreneurship is essential for a country's development because it links the
sociocultural context to the rate of economic development. As a result of the involvement of
governmental and non-governmental financial institutions as well as other support services
organizations, women entrepreneurs have improved their living conditions and gained more
respect in the family and community. A significant number of NGO-MFIs provide microfinance
services to women operating micro, small, and medium-sized businesses, and Bangladesh Bank
sets policy recommendations for listed banks that instruct them to give priority to women when
disbursing SME credit. Women now have far better access to land, credit, and other types of
property, and they are starting their own businesses in a variety of industries, including small
businesses, tailoring, handicrafts, and agriculture.
1.3 Objective of the study:
 To know the current status of women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh
 To know the factors influencing women entrepreneurship growth in Bangladesh
 To know the challenges and prospects associated with the development of women
entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
 To know the risk and economic factors associated with women entrepreneurship
development.
 To know the impact of women entrepreneurship development in our economy
 To understand the future possibility of women choosing entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.

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  To have an overview of present state of women entrepreneurship and make some
recommendations to overcome the problems.

1.4 Limitations of the study:

 Lack of accessible data: The absence of information on the growth of women's
businesses in Bangladesh is one of the main drawbacks. It is challenging to develop a
thorough picture of women's entrepreneurship in the nation due to a lack of statistics
and information.
 The research was also somewhat constrained because there weren't enough articles on
the subject.
 Another significant problem that limited the research to some extent was a lack of
experience.
 But, due to several difficulties, it was not feasible to do face-to-face interviews, which
are always more interesting and instructive. As a result, it has somewhat limited the
research.

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 Chapter 2: Research methodology

2.1 Research approach and research method: A mixed-method of content analysis, meta-
analysis, statistical analysis, case study analysis, systematic review and historical analysis
employed for this study's research, using quantitative data analysis and qualitative analysis of the
previously published literature on the subject. Secondary data are collected from different
published journals, articles, books related to women entrepreneurship, newspapers and the
internet. This method entails gathering numerical data that may be statistically evaluated to make
inferences about the population being investigated. The population in this instance consists of
Sylhet city's female business owners. This numerical information was used to support the
hypothesis that was developed via a qualitative study of previously published material.
A survey will be employed as the research approach for this investigation. The survey method is
a research technique that entails using a sample of respondents to collect data using a
standardized questionnaire. This approach is appropriate for this study since it enables the
effective and efficient collecting of significant volumes of data from a sizable sample of
respondents.
2.2 Method of Data Collection:
A structured, self-administered questionnaire was created because that is the main way we are
collecting data for our particular research topic. Along with certain multiple-choice questions, we
have introduced open-ended questions. We avoided collecting interviews personally from the
responders due to a lack of time and labor. Instead, for the convenience of both the questioner
and the responders, we developed questionnaires to ask the questions necessary to gather the
data. Only because it was simpler to reach more individuals online did we distribute the data
online. Also, a lot of people can share their opinions on our chosen issue anytime they have some
free time. And hence, no data was collected offline. Google Forms was utilized to collect data
online since it makes it easy for respondents to react. The information was carefully gathered,
stored, and made available for validation as necessary.

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2.3 Method of Data Analysis:
Quantification and qualitative analysis were used in a combination of ways. To provide
meaningful information, the data was further sorted and structured. Validity and reliability
testing, data entry, encryption, editing, and description statistics were all conducted using
Microsoft Excel 2019. To display the data acquired, charts were also made in Microsoft Excel.
2.4 Research Ethics:
We made sure to uphold high standards of research ethics throughout the study and employed a
questionnaire to examine the general position of female entrepreneurs. To uphold the established
principles of research ethics, the following actions were taken:
 Aware Consent: Participants received information about the survey's objectives,
methodology, risks, and rewards.
 Deception: The survey's participants weren't tricked or lied to.
 Discretion and anonymity: Participants' comments were anonymous, and all of their
personal information was kept private. To do this, pseudonyms were used, or any
personally identifying information was taken out of the data that was gathered. The
participants' privacy and any potential harm that might have resulted from the exposure
of their personal information were the two main reasons why this was so crucial.
 Data Security: Every piece of information gathered has been kept private and shielded
from unauthorized access. Only individuals who needed the information for the study had
access to it, and necessary precautions were taken to prevent theft or unauthorized access.
 Respect for the law and regulations: The poll was carried out in accordance with all
applicable laws and rules, including those governing data protection and privacy.

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 Chapter 3: Literature review

3.1 Literature review: The major goal of the current study is to ascertain how various elements,
supported by upper echelons theory, affect women's entrepreneurial success. The number of
studies on female entrepreneurs has increased, which has led to the release of literature
evaluations to understand the state of the area. In the 1980s, there were two reviews, in the
1990s, five reviews, and in the 2000s, twelve reviews (up to 2016). The following subsections go
into further information about few of these.
According to Hambrick & Mason, 1984, top employee behavior has a big impact on how well a
firm performs. The self-confidence, risk-taking, and motivational behaviors of women
entrepreneurs, as well as external factors, have a substantial impact on business performance in
this study. According to the notion, the values, actions, and environmental factors of those top
managers have an impact on company success. Hambrick (2007) also divided the upper echelons
theory into two components. The first section shows how the firm's entrepreneurial success is
influenced by external forces (political, environmental, and financial). The impact of internal
elements on top company managers, such as perceptions and experiences, is explained in the
second section.
According to earlier research (Heyden, Fourné, Koene, Werkman, & Ansari, 2017; Herrmann &
Nadkarni, 2014), the characteristics of managers have an impact on the performance of women-
owned businesses. We contend that, in line with the idea of the upper echelon, these internal
(need for achievement, risk-taking, and self-confidence) and external (economic and socio-
cultural) elements are more likely to create a positive link with business success.
An empirical link between female entrepreneurship and gender equality has been demonstrated
by Sarfaraz, Faghih, and Majd. The association between gender-related economic development
and women's entrepreneurial activity has been studied using a correlation analysis. The gender
gap is described by Vossenberg S, along with solutions. It primarily draws attention to the
variations in promotions. Why does the gender gap in entrepreneurship still exist? This paper
answers these questions. And what recommendations does the research make about how to
encourage women's entrepreneurship?
Women's entrepreneurship has a framework for gender awareness developed by Brush, De
Bruin, and Welter. Their study expands on an existing paradigm that articulates the "3Ms"
(markets, money, and management) needed for business owners to start and expand companies.

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Through their research, the authors have also thought of developing a "5M" framework to allow
for the independent study of women's entrepreneurship.
Through a prospective analysis, Garca P. & Capitán discuss factors that support female
entrepreneurship. Their research tries to pinpoint the contextual factors that, from a gender
perspective, favor and encourage female entrepreneurship. They have presented a qualitative
study that makes extensive use of 10 in-depth interviews that were subjected to relational
viewpoint content testing.
Asian women business owners in underdeveloped nations have been the subject of case studies
by Tambunan T. It has concentrated on their growth and primary obstacles. A survey of recent
key literature and data analysis form the foundation of the author's study. In small and medium
businesses, women entrepreneurs are the exclusive subject of this paper. Through the study's
findings, the author also identified three key facts, which are each given below.
Determinants affecting the development of women's micro-businesses were identified by Parvin,
Rahman, and Jia. They conducted an empirical study in a rural area in Bangladesh. The study
looks into the variables that affect the growth of women's micro-businesses. 248 female micro-
entrepreneurs and 132 non-entrepreneurs provided the data that was gathered. The article offers
recommendations for enhancing the process of developing women's businesses.
Singh and Raghuvanshi address the problems, difficulties, and works that are provided for
empowerment through self-help organizations. Entrepreneurial motivations have been identified
by Moses & Amalu as a factor in the determination of women's entrepreneurship obstacles. They
looked at the connection between motives and the difficulties faced by female entrepreneurs,
which has the potential to offer some helpful insights into some theoretical problems and raise
some practical dilemmas for policymakers. Additionally, their correlation analysis produced a
favorable result for them.
According to Lovely Parvin, Jia Jinrong* and M. Wakilur Rahman Women entrepreneurship is
not only a source of income generation but also a way of achieving economic independence.
Women that are involved in enterprise are better off compared to those that are not. Realizing the
importance of women entrepreneurship, Bangladesh government has taken several initiatives to
encourage women getting involved in various micro, small and medium enterprises. Meanwhile,
banks, financial institutions and MFIs have also given importance to developing women
entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.

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 Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspective of the study

4.1 Women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh Perspective: Women

entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh has been a priority for the government and various
non-governmental organizations in recent years. There have been several initiatives aimed at
promoting and supporting women entrepreneurs in the country. Here are some of the
perspectives on women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh:
1. Economic empowerment of women: One of the main objectives of promoting women
entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is to empower women economically. Women
entrepreneurship provides opportunities for women to earn an income, create
employment, and contribute to the country's economic growth and development.
2. Inclusive economic growth: Promoting women entrepreneurship is also seen as a way to
achieve inclusive economic growth in Bangladesh. Women entrepreneurship can help to
reduce poverty, income inequality, and promote sustainable development.
3. Addressing gender disparities: Women in Bangladesh face various social, cultural, and
economic barriers to entrepreneurship. Promoting women entrepreneurship is seen as a
way to address these gender disparities and create a more equitable society.
4. Innovation and diversity: Women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh are involved in various
sectors, including agriculture, handicrafts, textiles, and IT. Promoting women
entrepreneurship is seen as a way to promote innovation and diversity in these sectors,
which can lead to increased competitiveness and growth.
5. Supportive ecosystem: To promote women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh, a
supportive ecosystem is necessary. This includes access to finance, training and capacity
building, mentorship, and networking opportunities. The government and various non-
governmental organizations have taken initiatives to provide this supportive ecosystem
for women entrepreneurs.
Promoting women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is seen as a way to achieve economic
empowerment of women, inclusive economic growth, address gender disparities, promote
innovation and diversity, and create a supportive ecosystem.

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4.2 Conceptual framework of woman entrepreneurship: The influences of women
entrepreneurship on the social and economic arena can be depicted into a framework.

Social Impact

 Upgrade Social Status

 Improved decision making ability

Women Entrepreneurship

 Education  Establish women’s rights

 Training  Create self-dependency

 Age  Eradicate gender discrimination

 Source of finance  Self-inspiration

 Initial investment  Pass leisure time
 Duration of business

 Monthly returns

 Use of profit Economic Impact

 Extra income for the family

 Economic freedom

 Self-employment

 Economic development

 Creating employment opportunity

for others

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4.3 Financial factors of Women entrepreneurship development: One of the key elements
influencing the growth of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh is access to capital. Women
entrepreneurs have various hurdles in acquiring money, such as lack of collateral, high-interest
rates, and limited access to financial institutions. The following financial elements have an
impact on the growth of women's businesses in Bangladesh:
 Lack of collateral: In Bangladesh, women business owners frequently lack assets to
utilize as loan security. This restricts their ability to acquire formal finance alternatives
like bank loans. By giving women entrepreneurs loans without collateral, microfinance
institutions (MFIs) have been a crucial part of solving this problem.
 High interest rates: When obtaining loans, women business owners frequently
encounter exorbitant interest rates. This is partially because financing to female
entrepreneurs carries a high level of risk because they are viewed as carrying a higher
level of risk than their male counterparts. The government has launched a number of
programs to address this issue, including low-interest loans and subsidies for female
entrepreneurs.
 Limited access to financial institutions: There is a lack of institutional financial
institutions in Bangladesh's rural areas, where a large number of women entrepreneurs
operate. Their access to financial services like loans and savings accounts is so restricted.
Mobile banking and other digital financial services have been launched to help women
entrepreneurs in remote locations in order to address this difficulty.
 Financial literacy: Many Bangladeshi women business owners lack both business and
financial knowledge. Their capacity to manage their money and utilize official financing
options is consequently constrained. The government and different non-governmental
organizations offer training and capacity building programs to improve the financial
literacy of women entrepreneurs in order to solve this difficulty.
 Lack of equity financing: Women business owners in Bangladesh frequently struggle to
obtain equity financing, which is necessary for company growth and expansion. The
government has developed programs like the Bangladesh Venture Capital Limited
(BVCL), which offers equity funding to start-ups and small and medium-sized
businesses, to solve this problem.

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In conclusion, a significant factor influencing the growth of women's entrepreneurship in
Bangladesh is access to money. A comprehensive strategy that encompasses the provision of
collateral-free loans, low-interest loans, digital financial services, training and capacity building,
and equity funding is needed to address the financial issues faced by women entrepreneurs. To
create a favorable financial environment for women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, the
government, banking institutions, and non-governmental groups must cooperate.
4.4 Need for achievement and women entrepreneurship development: One of the main
forces behind entrepreneurship is the desire for success, and in Bangladesh, the development of
women's entrepreneurship is especially crucial. The urge to establish ambitious goals, take
calculated risks, and thrive in one's chosen sector is referred to as the need for achievement.
According to studies, Bangladeshi women company owners who have a strong need for success
are more likely to be successful in their endeavors. Very ambitious women are more likely to
take calculated risks and endure through challenging circumstances, both of which are necessary
characteristics for successful business. However other socio-cultural issues frequently have an
impact on women business owners in Bangladesh in terms of their quest for success. Women's
access to resources and opportunities is frequently restricted by traditional gender roles and
societal expectations, which can make it harder for them to succeed. Initiatives have been made
to encourage the growth of women's entrepreneurship in Bangladesh in order to overcome these
issues. For instance, a number of programs have been put in place to give women business
owners access to mentorship possibilities, financial resources, and training and skill-building
opportunities. Moreover, initiatives have been undertaken to question conventional gender roles
and societal norms, as well as to increase awareness of the value of women's entrepreneurship. It
is envisaged that more women in Bangladesh would be able to fulfill their entrepreneurial
potential and contribute to the growth and development of the nation by boosting the need for
achievement among women entrepreneurs and providing an atmosphere that is conducive to their
success. In conclusion, the need for success is a key element in the growth of women's business
in Bangladesh. While cultural expectations and traditional gender roles can restrict women's
access to resources and opportunities, initiatives are being put in place to encourage women
entrepreneurs to achieve their goals and foster an atmosphere that will help them do so.

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4.5 Risk-taking and women entrepreneurship development: Interest in the growth of
women's entrepreneurship in Bangladesh has grown during the past few years. The development
and growth of the nation's economy are greatly aided by the contributions of female
entrepreneurs. The issue of risk-taking among female entrepreneurs is still a significant
challenge, though. According to studies, female business owners in Bangladesh are less inclined
than their male counterparts to take risks. This is frequently brought on by a lack of confidence
and restricted access to resources like money, networks, and knowledge. Furthermore,
Bangladeshi society and cultural conventions sometimes dissuade women from taking chances
and pursuing entrepreneurship. The government and non-governmental groups in Bangladesh
have implemented a number of initiatives to promote women's entrepreneurship in order to
address these issues. To promote women entrepreneurs, for instance, the Bangladeshi
government has put in place a number of laws and programs, including training and financial aid.
Additionally, a number of non-governmental organizations—including Grameen Bank—have
been offering microloans and other forms of help to women business owners in Bangladesh.
These programs have contributed to improving the climate for female entrepreneurs and
motivating them to take chances. Nevertheless, despite the fact that risk-taking among women
entrepreneurs in Bangladesh continues to be difficult, numerous measures have been put into
place to support the growth of women's entrepreneurship and encourage risk-taking. With
ongoing assistance, it is hoped that more Bangladeshi women business owners would feel
empowered to take calculated risks and contribute even more significantly to the economic
development and advancement of their nation.
4.6 Self-confidence and women entrepreneurship development: Self-confidence is crucial for
the growth of women's businesses in Bangladesh. An individual's self-confidence is defined as
their faith in their own skills and ability to succeed. According to studies, women company
owners who are more self-assured are more likely to launch and expand prosperous enterprises.
Yet, a number of socio-cultural factors can have an impact on the level of self-confidence among
women business owners in Bangladesh. Women's access to education and training is frequently
restricted by societal norms and traditional gender roles, which can result in low self-esteem and
self-efficacy. Several measures have been put into place to support the growth of women's
business in Bangladesh in order to overcome these issues. Programs have been put in place, for
instance, to give women entrepreneurs access to financial resources, mentorship possibilities, and

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training and skill-building opportunities. Moreover, initiatives have been undertaken to question
conventional gender roles and societal norms, as well as to increase awareness of the value of
women's entrepreneurship. It is envisaged that more women in Bangladesh would be able to
realize their entrepreneurial potential and contribute to the growth and development of the nation
by fostering the self-confidence of female entrepreneurs and establishing an atmosphere that is
supportive of their success. The Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry
(BWCCI) and the Women's Entrepreneurship Network are two organizations and networks that
promote women entrepreneurs and aim to boost their self-confidence in Bangladesh (WEN).
These associations offer a venue for networking, knowledge sharing, and self-confidence
building among female business owners. The growth of women's entrepreneurship in Bangladesh
is greatly influenced by their level of self-confidence. Although socio-cultural barriers can
restrict women's self-confidence, steps are being implemented to boost it and foster an
environment that will enable women entrepreneurs to succeed.
4.7 Economic factors and women entrepreneurship development: Women's entrepreneurship
growth has advanced significantly in Bangladesh in recent years. Nonetheless, economic issues
continue to have an impact on women's capacity to launch and expand their enterprises. The
following significant economic variables and their effects on women's entrepreneurship in
Bangladesh are listed:
Finance is difficult to get for women in Bangladesh, making it difficult for them to launch or
expand their enterprises. Many reasons, such as a lack of financial literacy, a lack of adequate
collateral, and biases in the financial system, are to blame for this. As a result, a lot of women
rely on costly and constrained microfinance organizations or unofficial sources of funding.
Women company owners frequently encounter barriers to accessing data on market demand and
competition, which can make it challenging to identify promising business prospects. This is
especially true for rural women who might have limited access to resources and information
technologies.
Gender-based discrimination affects women in Bangladesh in many aspects of their lives,
including the workplace and the economic world. Inequality can show up in a variety of ways,
such as reduced pay, restricted access to education and training, and bias in the distribution of
resources.

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In the modern corporate world, technology is becoming more and more significant, but few
Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs have access to it or the knowledge to use it successfully. Due
to this, it could be challenging to compete with bigger, more established companies.
4.8 Socio-cultural factors and women entrepreneurship development: The environment for
women's business in Bangladesh is significantly shaped by socio-cultural elements in addition to
economic ones. The following significant socio-cultural elements and how they affect women's
entrepreneurship are listed:
 Women's access to chances for education, training, and employment may be hampered by
traditional gender norms and expectations. It can be challenging to reconcile work and
family responsibilities in Bangladesh because women are frequently expected to put
domestic duties ahead of professional and business endeavors.
 Women's business may also be hampered by social conventions and ideals. Women may
encounter cultural taboos over dealing with male clients or undertaking business travel,
which may restrict their capacity to grow their enterprises.
 Women business owners in Bangladesh frequently struggle with a lack of mentorship and
support systems, which can restrict their access to information and tools. This is
especially true for women living in rural areas, where networking and skill-building
opportunities may be limited.
 Women's entrepreneurship in Bangladesh may also be hampered by a lack of access to
education and training. Women without formal education or training could find it
difficult to develop the abilities and expertise required to launch or expand a business.
Despite these obstacles, a number of sociocultural elements in Bangladesh are supporting
women's business. For instance, the rise of women in the workforce is influencing cultural
perceptions about gender roles and expectations. Also, a network of support groups and networks
for female entrepreneurs is expanding, offering resources, mentorship, and training to assist
women in running successful businesses. Finally, government initiatives to assist women's
entrepreneurship in Bangladesh are also contributing to the improvement of their business
environment.

P a g e | 22
4.9 Problems for women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh: There are various
difficulties that female business owners constantly experience, regardless of the circumstances.
The elements of this issue are:
 Family obligations: Family obligations like housework, elder care, and child rearing
prohibit them from effectively acquiring skills and information because they frequently
lack the necessary free time. Men business owners don't have to be worried since the
female entrepreneurs handle a large portion of their domestic responsibilities. Such
additional psychological and physical strains cut into the time and capacity of the female
entrepreneur to learn in a useful way. As a result, they lack the drive to use their riches
and resources to advance their knowledge. Such distractions lead to deficiencies in
managerial skills, strategic planning, organizational perception, etc., which are vital
duties for entrepreneurship development to ensure sustainability.
 Access to policymakers is constricted: The majority of women business owners in
Bangladesh have very little access to decision-makers. Women's ability to contribute
intelligently to policymaking is hampered by lack of information availability. In this
regard, male entrepreneurs can more easily influence policy and have access to
politicians in major organizations, according to Sinha (2005, p. 19). Women have fewer
opportunities to join traditional businesses or assume leadership roles. Moreover,
lobbying is frequently the reason for their declining capacity to employ their own
potential in policymaking.
 Inability to access technology: In SMEs, women business owners typically create things
and offer services using local technologies. Yet, these are not productive enough to meet
market demand or manufacture high-quality items in order to compete with the imported
goods that are accessible on the local market. As a result of their lack of technical
expertise, women running SME businesses are losing their revenue. According to a study
(UNDP 2007A), women have less access to technological innovation than males since
they lack self-confidence and also don't use contemporary technology. Furthermore,
(Rahman, 2010, p. 22) adds that they frequently face with poor investment or capital, low
income, manufacture of subpar goods, and insufficient marketing channels to disseminate
their goods. Unavailability of modern technological facilities internet, e-commerce, e-

P a g e | 23
 trade, e-banking, mobile, telephone, and so on recurrently hampers the progress of rural
women’s entrepreneurship.
 Limitation of R&D to improve product quality: Lack of research and development is
another barrier to the growth of female entrepreneurship. To innovate new items and
enhance the quality of currently available ones, research and development is conducted.
Women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh's micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs) cannot afford to invest much in research and development. Since they are unable
to upgrade or innovate new items, a lack of research and development discourages
women entrepreneurs from competing in local and international markets.
 Poor support services: In Bangladesh's rural locations, women entrepreneurs typically
lack access to the necessary cooperatives or support services from the relevant
authorities. According to a different UNDP study (REOPA-CST, 2007, UNDPA, p.07),
this creates social, cultural, and economic barriers that undeniably have a direct impact
on their product quality and, consequently, income.
 Issues with receivables collection: Another challenge comes up when trying to collect
those accounts receivable after selling their goods on credit. The majority of female
business owners are unfamiliar with credit terms and accounts receivable collection.
Their profitability is consequently negatively impacted. According to study, maximum
entrepreneur firmly agreed that the difficulty in collecting accounts receivable is a further
barrier to the development of women's entrepreneurship.
 Lack of Training: Before beginning any enterprise, training is required. Training,
particularly technical and vocational trainings, is crucial to the business world. But for
two reasons, the majority of women don't have the opportunity to attend these trainings.
Either due to the limitations imposed by their families or the obligations they have to
their families. In addition, girls are frequently provided with different training, such as
technical training, at the levels of post-school. Hence, the absence of training facilities
and the dated access to education have grown into serious issues over time.

P a g e | 24
4.10 Prospects of women entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh: The prospects for
women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh are generally bright, despite the fact that there are still
numerous obstacles to overcome, and a number of reasons have contributed to this optimistic
attitude.
 Support from the government: To encourage women's entrepreneurship, the
Bangladeshi government has launched a number of projects. For instance, it has
developed a fund to help women entrepreneurs financially, a Women Entrepreneurship
Development Center, and several policies to guarantee women's equal access to
opportunities and resources.
 Growing demand for goods and services: There is an increased demand for a variety of
goods and services as a result of the nation's expanding population. Women business
owners can take advantage of these opportunities by offering high-quality goods and
services.
 Financial availability: Women business owners in Bangladesh currently have better
financial availability than ever before. Many banks and microfinance organizations have
created lending programs exclusively for female business owners. Due to this, it is now
simpler for women to launch and grow their enterprises.
 Social norms are changing: More women are going to school and working now than
ever before in Bangladesh, which has seen a substantial change in social norms. This has
increased support and acceptability for female entrepreneurs.
 Technology-enabled businesses: In Bangladesh, entrepreneurship among women has
been greatly encouraged by technology. Online marketplaces, e-commerce platforms, and
IT services are just a few examples of the technology-enabled businesses that many
female entrepreneurs have launched. The government has also taken steps to encourage
female digital entrepreneurs by offering training and other forms of assistance.
 Women-led social enterprises: Social companies run by women are on the increase in
Bangladesh, where many women are taking the helm of these efforts. Businesses with a
social or environmental goal and a stable financial position are known as social
enterprises. In Bangladesh, social companies run by women are tackling problems like
healthcare, education, and poverty alleviation.

P a g e | 25
 Chapter 5: Data analysis and findings
Primary Data Analysis

Division wise entrepreneurs (%)

45% 40%
40%
35%
30%
25% 20%
20%
15% 10% Division wise
8% 7% 7%
10% 5% entrepreneurs (%)
3%
5%
0%

Figure-01
In this chart, among 60 respondents 40% belong to Sylhet. 20% live in Dhaka, 8% in Khulna,
7% in Rajshahi, 7% in Barishal, 3% in Mymensingh, 5% in Rangpur, and 10% in Chattagram.

Marital Status (%)

60%
53%
50%

40% 35%

30%

20%

10% 7%
5%

0%
married unmarried divorce widow

Figure-02
Among the respondents (60), 53% of the entrepreneurs are married, while 35% are stilled
unmarried. 5% of them are divorced and only 7% are widowed.

P a g e | 26
 Entrepreneurs by Age
4%

13% 5%

28% 50%

below 20 20-30 31-40 41-50 Above 50

Figure-03
In figure-03 within 60 samples, we can see that the highest number of entrepreneurs, which is
50%, belongs to age 20-30. Besides, below age 20 there are 5% entrepreneurs, age 31-40 28%,
age 41-50 13%, and above age 50 only 4% entrepreneurs.

Educational Qualification

8% 5%

22%
23%

42%

SSC HSC Graduate Under Graduate Post-graduate

Figure-04
According to the chart (fig-04), 5% of the entrepreneurs have completed their education up to the
secondary school certificate (SSC) level. The majority of the entrepreneurs (42%) have
completed their education up to the graduation level. A relatively small proportion of

P a g e | 27
entrepreneurs (23%) are undergraduate students and 22% completed their higher secondary
certificate (HSC). Only 8% of entrepreneurs have a postgraduate degree.

Difficulty in raising capital

Yes 77%
No 23%
Figure-05
Here, 77% of the respondents faced difficulty in raising capital. On the other hand, 23% of them
did not.

Basis of Startup Capital

3%2%

27%

50%

18%

Own saving Parents Husband Friends and relatives Bank loan

Figure-06
From the figure-06 we find that, the highest percentage of women entrepreneurs (50%) started
their businesses using their own savings. The next highest percentage of start-up capital (27%)
was provided by their husbands, while a smaller proportion (18%) was provided by their parents.
Besides, only 3% of them got fund from friends and relatives, while 2% received through bank
loans.

P a g e | 28
 Size of Enterprise

37%

63%

small (ক্ষুদ্র) medium (মাঝারি)

Figure-07
Here, 63% of the respondents are doing small scale business. On the other hand, 37% of them are
running medium size enterprises.

Get any government support

Yes 10%
No 90%

Figure-08
From the table, only 10% of the respondents received government support while doing their
business. On the other hand, 90% of them did not.

Professional Training

22%
yes
no
78%

Figure-09
Among the respondents (60), 78% did not receive any professional training, whereas only 22%
of them were trained.

P a g e | 29
 ECONOMIC CHALLENGES
yes no

33%

67%

Figure-10
Among the respondents (60), 67% women deal with economic challenges. On the other hand,
33% , have not encountered this.

DURATION OF BUSINESS
No. of respondents

50%
45% 43%

40% 37%
35%
% of respondents

30%
25%
20%
15%
15%
10%
5%
5%
0%
0-2 2_5 5_10 10+
Duration (Year)

Figure-11
Among them 37% of the business are running for 0-2 years. 43% of them are aged 2-5 years,
15% of the businesses are running for 5-10 years and the rest of the business are aged 10+ years.

P a g e | 30
 Gender Discrimination

yes
43%
no
57%

yes no

Figure-12
Majority of the entrepreneurs (57%) do not face any gender discrimination in their profession,
while the rest of them (43%) do.

COVID-19 Impact

Neutral ( নকাে প্রভাব পড়ে রে) 35%

Negative (নেরিবাচক) 35%

Positive (ইরিবাচক) 30%

27% 28% 29% 30% 31% 32% 33% 34% 35% 36%

Figure-13
The statistics show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, 30% of women entrepreneurs have
seen a positive growth in their business, 35% have not been affected, and 35% have faced a
negative trend in their business.

P a g e | 31
 Mode of Business Operation

1, 47%
50% 1, 43%

40%

30%

20%
1, 10%
10%

0%

1
Online (e-commerce) Offline (physical shop) Online (e-commerce),
Offline (physical shop)

Figure-14
Most of the enterprises are operating offline (47%), while 43% are online or shifted to online
from offline during COVID-19 pandemic. And 10% of the businesses are running both online
and offline.

P a g e | 32
Secondary Data Analysis

Growth rate of total loan portfolio

2000%
15
1500%
10
1000%

500%
6%
0%
2017 2022 2024

Formal Credit in %

Figure-15
According to SME & Special Programs Department regulation, banks and financial institutions
must keep 10% of their entire CMSME loan portfolio and increase that percentage to at least
15% by the year 2024 in order to finance women entrepreneurs. More women will be involved in
the financial system as a result, hastening the economic empowerment of women.

Small grants provided to women entrepreneurs:

Small grants
4000000
3000000
3000000

2000000

1000000
50000
0
WEAB BWCCI

Small grants

Figure-16
According to studies, WEAB provides small grants to female entrepreneur’s up to BDT 50000,
while BWCCI provides upto BDT 3m.

P a g e | 33
Small enterprise refinance scheme –

Small Enterprise Refinance Scheme growth(in crore)

1600

1400 1500

1200

1000

800
850
600

400

200

0
past present

Small Enterprise Refinance Scheme (in crore)

Figure-17
For the purpose of involving more businesses, particularly women entrepreneurs from distant
areas, in financial operations, the size of the Bangladesh Bank's own source money known as the
"Small Enterprise Refinancing Program" has been increased from Tk 850 cr to Tk 1500 cr. For
the state-owned commercial banks to offer the CMSME Refinancing Facility, the eligibility
requirements have been loosened.

Year Loan (Cr)

2015 4100
2016 5300
2017 4700
2018 5500
2019 6200
Figure-18
The amount of loans provided by Banks & Financial Institutions of Bangladesh to women
entrepreneurs gradually increased from 4100cr to 6200cr over the course of 5 years during 2015-
2019.

P a g e | 34
 Findings
 The highest number of entrepreneurs aged between(20-30) meaning that youth
entrepreneurs are rising day by day. Only 5% of entrepreneurs are between below age 20
which is a point to look at. A moderate number of entrepreneurs exist in (31-40) category
but the number of women entrepreneurs at (41-50) & 50+ age group are very low which
tells that elderly or matured women are discouraged towards entrepreneurship.
 The entrepreneurs having completed their education up to the SSC level is quite low.
The majority of the entrepreneurs completed their graduation. A relatively small
proportion of entrepreneurs are undergraduate students and nearly same proportion of
respondents completed their higher secondary certificate (HSC). Only a few of
entrepreneurs have a postgraduate degree.
 Nearly three fourth of the entrepreneurs faced difficulty in raising capital.
 The highest percentage of women entrepreneurs started their businesses using their own
savings while the lowest number of women received bank loans. A moderate number of
women entrepreneurs’ start-up capital was provided by their husbands and parents.
 More than half of the respondents’ size of business was small while a relatively lower
number of businesses are medium size enterprises.
 Only 10% of the entrepreneurs received government support.
 More than three fourth of the women entrepreneurs did not receive any professional
training.
 Around 70% of them face economic challenges during their business activity.
 More than half of the female entrepreneurs face gender discrimination in their business.
 Nearly 35% of the businesses are negatively effected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Almost half of the SMEs have been dependent on online media for their business activity.

P a g e | 35
 Chapter 6: Recommendations and conclusion

6.1 Recommendations: Here are some recommendations to address the obstacles faced by
women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, based on the findings of our analysis:
 The government and NGOs should prioritize financing for women entrepreneurs,
providing more funding through state-owned banks and microcredit organizations at
lower interest rates. Private commercial banks can also offer special packages for women
entrepreneurs.
 Loan procedures should be simplified and made more flexible, as lengthy formalities can
discourage new women entrepreneurs.
 Government and non-government organizations should promote the development of
women entrepreneurs, particularly in the SME sector.
 Policy guidelines for women entrepreneurship development should be regularly issued
and updated.
 Entrepreneurship courses should be offered in formal and informal educational
institutions to increase women's awareness of their potential as job creators.
 Practical training programs should be designed to provide women entrepreneurs with the
skills and knowledge they need to run their businesses effectively.
 Skilled and experienced manpower should be developed to support women
entrepreneurship.
 The government should provide infrastructure, gas, electricity, and utility facilities to
promote women entrepreneurship.
 Marketing is a major barrier for women entrepreneurs, and they need access to marketing
strategy knowledge and intermediaries to sell their products in larger markets.
 Women entrepreneurs should be provided with information on international markets,
marketing opportunities, and economic conditions.
 Women entrepreneurs need to be knowledgeable about technological advancements and
how to apply them to their businesses.
 Government policies should not hinder the growth and expansion of women
entrepreneurship.

P a g e | 36
  Tax incentives should be offered to women entrepreneurs, such as tax holidays, tax
rebates, and initial tax exemptions for newly established businesses.
 Women entrepreneurs need to conduct more research and development to improve the
quality of their products and develop new ones.

6.2 Conclusion: In conclusion, women's entrepreneurship is a way to gain financial

independence, as well as a way to earn money and create jobs, and it makes a big economic
impact. However in Bangladesh, there are a number of challenges for female business owners. In
addition to the government's initiatives to support women's participation in micro, small, and
medium-sized businesses, financial institutions have prioritized loans to female entrepreneurs.
Even Nevertheless, there is still a lack of coordination between community activities and
organizations that provide support. Difficulties still exist in the areas of skilled labor,
infrastructure and utility services, conventional technology, training and education, access to
markets, information, and land, as well as restricted availability of collateral-free loans. Barriers
may also be erected by government regulations. Adjustments to policy, proper execution, and
other relevant measures are therefore crucial. To solve the issues preventing women's
entrepreneurship development and pave the path for its emergence and expansion in Bangladesh,
support from the government and NGOs is essential. Such actions will support the rise of female
entrepreneurs in both a sociocultural and economic sense, in addition to making a substantial
contribution to the national economy.

P a g e | 37
6.3 References for future research:
 Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a
reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193-206.
 Heyden, M. L. M., Fourné, S. P. L., Koene, B. A. S., Werkman, R. A., & Ansari, S.
(2017). Advancing women’s representation and leadership in social enterprise: A review
and research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 56-64.
 Herrmann, P., & Nadkarni, S. (2014). CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm
performance: The case of the Indian business process outsourcing industry. Academy of
Management Journal, 57(6), 1786-1808.
 Brush, C., De Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (Eds.). (2014). A research agenda for women and
entrepreneurship: Identity through aspirations, behaviors and confidence. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
 García, P., & Capitán, J. A. (2019). Women’s leadership development programs: A
review of the literature and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 94, 365-376.
 Parvin, M. M., Rahman, M. M., & Jia, F. (2019). Women entrepreneurs’ access to
finance: A review of literature. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1428-
1453.
 Singh, R. K., & Raghuvanshi, S. (2019). Women entrepreneurship in India: A literature review.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(1), 181-204.
 Parvin, L., Jinrong, J. and Rahman, M.W., 2012. Women entrepreneurship development
in Bangladesh: What are the challenges ahead?. African Journal of Business
Management, 6(11), p.3862.
 Moudud Ul-Huq, S., 2013. Women entrepreneurship development In Bangladesh
challenges and prospects. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development,
pp.41-48.
 Bangladesh bank SME web portal; SME and special programs department, Women
Entrepreneur Development unit (WEDU).
This paper can be used for future research purposes.

P a g e | 38
Appendix:
Table-01: Data on Division
Sylhet 40%
Dhaka 20%
Khulna 8%
Rajshahi 7%
Barishal 7%
Mymensingh 3%
Rangpur 5%
Chattogram 10%

Table-02: Data on marital status

Married 53%
Unmarried 35%
Divorce 5%
Widow 7%

Table-03: Data on age

Below 20 5%
20-30 50%
31-40 28%
41-50 13%
Above 50 4%

Table-04: Data on Education

SSC 5%
HSC 22%
Graduate 42%
Under Graduate 23%
Post-graduate 8%

P a g e | 39
Table-06: Data on basis of startup
Own saving 50%
Parents 18%
Husband 27%
Friends and relatives 3%
Bank loan 2%

Table-07: Data on type of business

Small 63%
Medium 37%

Table-09: Received any professional training-

Yes 22%
No 78%

Table-10: Faced any economic challenges-

Yes 67%
No 33%

Table-11:
Duration (year) 0-2 2-5 5-10 10+
Responses 37% 43% 15% 5%

Table-12: Faced gender discrimination-

Yes 43%
No 57%

Table-13:Effect of COVID-19 in business-

Positive 30%
Negative 35%
Neutral 35%

P a g e | 40
Table-14: Business operation-
Online (e-commerce) 43%
Offline (physical shop) 47%
Online (e-commerce),
10%
Offline (physical shop)

Table-15: According to international finance institution (IFC) –

Year 2017 2022 2024
Formal credit 6% 10% 15%

Table-16: Small grants provided to women entrepreneurs-

WEAB BDT 50000
BWCCI BDT 3000000

Table-17: Small Enterprise Refinance Scheme (in crore)

Time Small Enterprise Refinance Scheme (in crore)
past 850
present 1500

P a g e | 41
 Data table: Here are the data collected from actual Woman entrepreneurs

Type of Marital
Name Age Email Phone Number Division Education
Business Status

Orpa 21 aseemtalukder@gmail 01774791735 1 4 1 2

Afifa tasfia 19 afifatasfia890@gmail.com 01810793750 1 2 2 2
Monika rani
Sarkar 28 manikasarkar99@gmail.com 01719948694 1 5 2 1
Bonani S
Chowdhury 42 bonanichy@gmail.com 01717019400 1 3 2 1
Kakoli Ray 30 kakoli419@gmail.com Null 1 3 1 2
Tripty Rani
dash 34 ma2shi.td@gmail.com 01719948593 1 3 2 1
Arpita Das 38 happyarpita8@gmail.com 01675430011 1 3 1 1
Bably
Akther 30 bableakter@830gmeal.com 01869609144 1 2 1 1
Fatema
Akter Kona 26 fkona9619@gmail.com Null 2 5 1 1
Shumona
Rahman 34 shumona.1990@gmail.com 01746412794 3 3 1 1
Puja dash
Gupta 34 aporajitapuja11@gmail.com Null 1 5 2 1
Shilpa Das 24 okaybye069@gmail.com 01409796533 3 3 2 2
Joyti Shaha 23 Jotysaha2000@gmail 01933613639 7 2 1 2
Jannatul
Ferdous
Odhora 21 Odhoraorpa26@gmail.com 01765167381 8 4 1 1
Avni Roy 20 angleavni35@gmail.com 01533752755 4 2 2 2
Mst.Urmi 23 msturmi122@gmail.con Null 1 4 1 2
kanta 22 kanthasarkar21@gmail.com 01642346924 1 4 1 2
Susriti Saha
pinaki 24 Susritisahapinaki021@gmail.com 01773344932 2 4 1 2
Jannatul
Ferdous
Mahi 20 jannatulmahi2891@gmail.com 01733774530 3 4 1 2
Mst Panna
Khan 23 mumenapanna@gmail.com 01765595941 1 4 1 2
Anika Raisa
Mahabub 22 raisaanika68@gmail.com 01307758130 5 2 2 2
Mst Beauty
Begum 32 beautybegumjui@gmail.com 01745715803 1 3 1 1
Sushmita 25 atushars993@gmail.com Null 2 2 2 1

P a g e | 42
Sen
Aronya Roy 25 Sarbojeetbhattacharjee35@gmail.com 01735190375 2 3 1 1
Jahan 26 soniaakhterreal@gmail.com Null 2 3 1 1
Sonia 22 sonia45@student.sust.edu 01701387048 1 4 1 2
Priya das 30 Bhattacharjeejeet2@gmail.com 01533752755 8 3 1 1
Nurun
Nahar Popy 40 popytoton@gmail.com 01731740081 1 3 1 1
Priya Nandi 19 priyanandimim@gmail.com 01312254004 1 2 1 2
Baby akter 42 Ousy000@gmail.com 01918584616 4 3 2 4
Sumaiya
parvin 30 sumaiya.parvin0414@gmail.com 01788779433 2 3 2 1
Purna
Talukder 33 Aronyatalukdar04@gmail.com 01822183009 3 4 1 3
Nusrat 27 nusratmouu77@gmail.com 01849429963 1 3 2 2
Jannatul
Ferdous 22 janna2l.ferdous13@gmail.com 0163793793 2 4 1 2
Pushpita
Shorna 24 Null Null 1 4 1 2
Samira 23 Null Null 1 3 1 2
Samiha
Tahsin
Zenith 23 samiha.zenith@gmail.com Null 2 4 1 2
Fariha
Jahan Miti 23 farihajahanbu20@gmail.com Null 5 4 1 2
Farhana
Chowdhury 52 farhanachowdhuryfarhana429@gmail.com Null 1 2 1 1
Fatema
akther 36 Null Null 8 2 1 4
Shilpi
Akther 40 Null Null 4 1 2 1
Israt Jahan
Suhi 27 ijsuhi@gmail.com Null 1 3 1 1
Fatema
Begum Ripa 28 Null Null 2 3 1 1
Saju 30 Null Null 1 1 1 3
Taslima
Miji 34 Null Null 2 3 2 1
Rupali
Chowdhury 46 Null Null 8 5 2 1
Purnima
Roy 34 purnimaroy7523@gmail.com Null 8 5 2 1
Kanchona
das 51 Null Null 8 3 2 4
Selena
Begum 48 Null Null 7 2 1 3

P a g e | 43
Sufia
Khatun 39 Null Null 7 3 2 1
shyamolee 42 Null Null 5 3 2 1
Anita 38 Null Null 2 3 2 1
Sinthia 32 Null Null 5 3 1 1
Mithila
Chowdhury 45 Null Null 3 2 1 1
Shubon 43 Null Null 2 2 2 1
Ripa Sorkar 33 Null Null 4 3 1 1
Ontora 49 Null Null 6 2 2 4
Fatima
Akhter 36 Null Null 6 1 1 1
Shotabdy
Chowdhury
Srabony 22 u1901052@student.cuet.ac.bd Null 1 4 1 2
Shumona
Rahman 32 shumona.1990@gmail.com Null 1 3 1 1

How Do you
What was
long you Have you think Did you On which
Basis of Did you Did you faced the
are faced any capital received any platform you
Start-up receive any gender impact of
running economic allocation Govt. run your
Capital Training discrimination COVID-
the challenges is support business
19
business challenging

2 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 2

2 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2

4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

3 3 2 1 1 2 2 3 3

2.5 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1

3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

3 3 1 2 2 2 1 3 1

0.8 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

3 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1

8 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2

4 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2

2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1

2 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 2

1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1

0.6 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1

3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

P a g e | 44
3 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1

1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3

1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2

2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1

3 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1

5 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2

4.5 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2

0.9 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

5 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2

2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3

2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

11 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

7 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1

2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1

2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3

2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1

3 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2

5 4 1 1 2 2 2 3 3

3 5 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

5 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1

1 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 2

6 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 2

12 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3

3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

9 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 2

7 3 1 2 1 2 2 3 1

5 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1

6 3 2 1 1 2 2 3 1

4 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

7 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

6 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1

4 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

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11 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 2

3 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 1

2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1

2.2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2

Following this criteria we converted categorical data into numerical data:

*
Type of business Criteria
Small business 1
Medium business 2
Large business 3

*
Education Criteria
SSC 1
HSC 2
Graduation 3
Under Graduation 4
Post-Graduation 5

*
Division Criteria
Sylhet 1
Dhaka 2

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 Khulna 3
Rajshahi 4
Barishal 5
Mymensing 6
Rangpur 7
Chottogram 8

*
Marital status Criteria
Married 1
Unmarried 2
Divorce 3
Widow 4

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*
Basis of Startup Criteria
Own saving 1
Parents 2
Husband 3
Friends and relatives 4
Bank loan 5

*
Close end question Criteria
(Yes, No)
Yes 1
No 2

*
Impact of COVID Criteria
Positive 1
Negative 2
Neutral 3

*
Business Platform Criteria
Online 1
Offline 2
Both Online and 3
Offline

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