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WTS Calculus
WTS Calculus
WTS TUTORING
WTS
CALCULUS
GRADE : 12
: WTS TUTORS
EMAIL : kwvsibiya@gmail.com
WTS TUTORI
WTS TUTORING 2
FINAL EXAMINATION
GRADE 12
SUBJECT MATHEMATICS
PAPER PAPER 1
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 10 – 12
LEVEL 1
Knowledge 20%
questions
LEVEL 2
Routine procedures 35%
questions
QUESTION PAPER FORMAT
LEVEL 3
Complex procedures 30%
questions
LEVEL 4
Problem solving 15%
questions
ALGEBRA
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a) c)
b) d)
B. Grouping in pairs
It is a factorising method that can be used when an expression has four or more terms
and then therefore terms can be grouped in pairs
Positive sign must be in between the brackets
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a)
b)
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there must be four terms and if one term is missing you must use zero instead
ensure you take a coefficient with the sign
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a) divide
b) divide
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1. If is a factor of
b) Factorise completely.
6) Given:
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Solve for x
a)
b)
c)
d) =0
e)
f)
g)
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CALULUS
A. Average gradient
The average gradient between two points is the gradient of a straight line drawn between the
two points.
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Consider:
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Consider:
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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
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STEPS:
make it a point that you copy the formula as it is in the formula sheet
simply substitute where there is
where there is a fraction you must find the LCD
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
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i.
j. √
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Given:
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√
answer , write down the equation of f and the value of b.
D. Rules of derivative
Finding the derivative using the rule for differentiating
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Write down all notations you know and discuss with your partner for its implication
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a)
b)
c)
d)
√
e)
√
f)
g)
h)
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a. Calculate * +
b. ;
c. if
d. if
e. ;
f. ;
g. if
√
h. if √
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i. ( √ )
j. if √
k. if ( )
√
l. [ ]
√
m.
n.
o. ( ) √
p.
8 y2 1
q. If y and z , determine:
x3 y
dy
i.
dx
dx
ii.
dy
dz
iii.
dy
dz
iv.
dx
r. √
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E. Conclusion
F. Tangent Equation
The slope of the tangent line to the graph at a point is equal to the derivative of the function at
that point. So to find the equation of the tangent line to at
For two variables you need two points and hence equations
For three variables you need to work with the first two variables and use one point for
remaining variable
For eq 1:
For eq 2: substitute the points of contact and if not given simple calculate
Solve them simultaneously
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Kwv 1
1. Given:
a. Determine g (2) .
b. Determine g (2) .
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Determine the equation of the tangent to the curve of at the point on the
curve when .
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The curve with equation has a gradient of at the point (1:8) on the
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Consider
Determine the -intercept of the tangents to f that has a slope of (at where is an integer)
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Given: .
CUBIC FUNCTION
When we are drawing the graph or looking for the max. or min. values of a function:
it is useful to identify the turning points; these points are where the gradient of the
function is zero. We solve and substitute the x values into original equation
for the y values.
Local maximum
Local minimum
Inflection point
Take note:
Because solving can help us identify local max. or min. Points, we often use the
derivative in solving an applied problem where we need to find a max. or min. value.
b) Find intercepts:
Note:
make
solve for x
For the y-value of the turning point substitute the x-value of turning point into the
original equation.
Average the x-value of turning points (midpoint formula)
Average the x-intercepts of a curve
For:
For:
Note:
k) {+ve x-value and +ve y-value or –ve x-value and –ve y-value}
Key note:
Remember to manipulate the new given equation into the original one
Maximum and minimum values means the y values of the turning point
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Reading y-value
Only one real roots { horizontal line cuts the graph once}
Three distinct roots { horizontal line cuts the graph three times}
Note:
The line y = k + c has to intersect the graph f(x) at different places. Make sure the given
equation is derived to the original equation and make y the subject of the formula
a) Translation
1. Horizontal translation: f (x + c)
Then x-value(s) of the turning point is translated c unit left (-ve) or right (+ve)
Then y-value of turning point will be translated q unit up (+ve) or down (-ve)
b) The reflection
It can affect the whole equation and the turning points. The reflection about axes
c) The enlargement
A CUBIC FUCTIONS
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(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
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vii.
viii.
i. Concave up?
g. Use the graph to determine the values of x for which the equation:
iii. , have one real root, equal roots and 3 distinct roots.
iv. , have one real root, equal roots and 3 distinct roots.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
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Given: with
b. sketch the graph of f, clearly indicating the intercepts with the axes and the turning points.
ii. May claims that do you agree with May? Justify your answer.
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Given: and ,
The graph of f intersects the x-axis at x = -2 ; x = 1 and x = 3 . The turning points of f are at
on f and point Q on g.
i) 3- x-intercepts given, if
Simple use:
Simple use:
and substitute given value of x { if not given equate the two equations}
substitute x-value and y-value in and then solve simultaneously
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f (1) f (4) 0
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and C.
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S(5:18)
x
0
T (2:-9)
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C. DERIVED GRAPH
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-1 5
e. Write down the value(s) of x that give local maximum and local minimum.
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equation of f
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D.PROPERTIES GIVEN
Given properties
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a. Draw a neat sketch graph of f
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Given: .
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• ( )
• ( )
Draw a possible sketch graph of , clearly indicating the x-coordinates of the turning
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a) Show that
E. APLICATION OF CALCULUS
TO SHAPE
Note:
Rectangle:………………. Circle:……………….
Rectangle:………………. Circle:……………….
Rectangle:……………… Cylinder:……………….
Rectangle:…………………… Cylinder:………………
NB: you must be in the position to imagine the shape if it is not given
Derive
Let derivative be zero
Solve
Substitute into the original equation if necessary
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Kwv 1
A rectangular box has a length of 5x units, breadth of (9 2 x) units and its height of x units.
(9 – 2x)
5x
b. Determine the value of x for which the box will have maximum volume.
e. Determine the value of x for which the box will have maximum surface area.
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A container shaped in the form of a cylinder with no top has a volume of 340 ml.
b. Show that the surface area (S) of the cylinder with no top is given by .
c. Calculate the value of x for which the surface area of the cylinder will be a minimum.
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Kwv 3
A water tank in the shape of a right circular cone has a height of h cm. The top rim of the tank
is a circle with radius of r cm. The ratio of the height to the radius is 5:2. Water is being
Volume of Cone 𝜋𝑟
Determine the rate of change of the volume of water flowing into the tank when the depth is 5 cm.
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COST
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A crate used on fruit farms in the Ping River valley is in the form of a rectangular prism
which is open on top. It has a volume of 1 cubic metre. The length and the breadth of its
base is 2x, and x metres respectively. The height is h metres. The material used to
manufacture the base of this container costs R200 per square metre and for the sides, R120
𝑥
2x
a. Express h in terms of x
c. Calculate the value of x for which the cost of the material will be a minimum.
TO GRAPH
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d. Prove that the daughter's land will have a maximum area if she chooses P at the
midpoint of MN.
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Kwv 2
The rectangle PQRS is drawn as shown in the sketch, with P a point on the curve y = x2
P S
x
Q R
b. Express the length, QR, and breadth, SR, of the rectangle in terms of x.
d. Hence, calculate the area of the largest rectangle PQRS which can be drawn.
WTS TUTORING 36
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b. After how long will the two cyclists be closest to each other?
c. What will the distance between the cyclists be at the time determined in b?
WTS TUTORING 37
TO RATE
Rate:
derive
substitute with given value
At rest/ stationary/initial:
time is zero
velocity is zero
Flow of water:
Rate of maximum:
Velocity/ speed:
Acceleration:
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A stone is thrown vertically upward and its height (in metres) above the ground at (in
seconds) is given by
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A tourist travels in a car over a mountainous pass during his trip. The height above sea level
a. How high is the car above sea level when it starts its journey on the mountainous pass?
b. Calculate the car's rate of change of height above sea level with respect to time, 4 minutes
d. How many minutes after the journey has started will the rate of change of height with
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A drink dispenser is able to fill up a 340 ml cup at a rate of x ml/s. if the rate increases to
(x+2) ml/s, the time taken to fill up the cup will be reduced by 3 seconds.
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