solar activity, in climate
change, 227
solar radiation, incoming,
355
SolReSol language, 193f
songs, at medieval feasts,
369–382
sound, relationship of
meaning and, 166–169
sound symbolism, 166–168
sources
passive voice in
descriptions of, 312 (LS)
for research articles, 132
tone in reliability of, 266
of visuals, 301
South African English dialect,
8, 9, 24
South America
medieval architecture in,
282–283, 284f
UNESCO World Heritage
sites in, 284f
Southern accent, 333
Southern Ocean, 363–364
Spain, medieval architecture
in, 282, 283
species extinction, and
climate change, 236–239
specificity, in descriptive
imagery, 271
spectacles, 369
speech
and affect, 326–337
emotional power of,
160–162
physiology of, 179–182,
179f
recordings of, 161
speed
of reading (see pace)
of speech, 161
speleothems, 360
412 INDEX
spice trade, medieval,
119–125
spinal fusion, 303, 303f
stags, 98
stained-glass windows,
262–263
stakeholders
definition of, 39, 342
of Goldman Sachs, 343
stakeholder theory, 39–40
stalactites, 360
stalagmites, 360
Starbucks Corporation, 43
Star Trek movies, 190, 192t
statesmanship, 369
stem cells, 296, 296f, 297f
stiff, 385
stockholder theory. see
shareholder theory
stone, in medieval
architecture, 262
“The Story of Your Life”
(Chiang), 190, 193
Strachey, William, 191
strong collocations, 246
strong inferences
definition of, 205
identifying, 205–210, 206t
study aids, graphic organizers
as, 77
subheadings
main ideas and supporting
details in, 33, 37
in organizational structures,
62
subjective language
definition of, 164
in opinions, 170, 171t
subordinators, 216 (LS)
subprime mortgage-backed
securities, 56
subprime mortgages
definition of, 339
in Great Recession, 56,
341f, 348, 348t
subtleties, 98 symbolism textiles, medieval, 272–275 topic of texts
subvocalizing, 96 in figurative language, thermal energy, 389 definition of, 33
Sudre, Francois, 193f 277 (LS) thermal expansion, 232 identifying, 33, 37
suffixes, 51–53 in medieval art, 272–275 thermohaline circulation, topographic maps, 289
definition of, 52, 313 in medieval literature, 362–363 topography, 74
meaning and examples of, 108–111 thermoplastic, 144 toughness, 331
51–53, 52t sound, 166–168 thrombosis, 292 trade winds, 361, 361f
in scientific words, 83–85, Symposium (Plato), 370 through a lens (idiom), 42 transepts, 262
83t synonyms tilt transitions, as nonfactual
sugar, in medieval period, definition of, 216 definition of, 86 statements, 159
121 with different connotations, of Earth, 87, 356, 357f transparency, 342
summaries, 106–112 277, 279 of Mars, 87 tree diagrams, 287
abstracts as, 106, 128, 143 guessing word meanings timbre, 161 tree rings, 359
characteristics of, 107, 142 based on, 216 time. see also chronology tropical climates, 74–75, 74f,
definition of, 106 in paraphrasing, 212–213 in polymer mechanics, 76t, 78t, 79f
examples of, 107, 108–109 syntax 385–388, 390–391 troubadours, 377
lengths of, 106, 107, 143 definition of, 4 timelines
vs. paraphrases, 106 in tone, 266 of invented languages, 193f
UN. see United Nations
vs. quotations, 178 synthetic mesh, 307, 307t of medieval period, 123f
uncertainty avoidance,
of research articles, writing, of nanotechnology, 323,
207–209, 208f, 208t–209t,
142–146 323f
tables 216
of texts, writing, 106–112 time-temperature
definition of, 290 underlining, 16
sumptuous, 369 superposition, 390–391
example of, 290f UNESCO World Heritage
superlatives, 72, 266 tipping points
explaining information in, sites, 283, 284f
supporting details, 32–44 in climate change, 249–253
definition of, 33, 41
307
definition of, 250
The Unicorn is Found
key features of, 301 (tapestry), 272–275, 274f
identifying, 33–36, 41–44, tissue engineering. see
taboos, 327 United Nations (UN), on
344 regenerative medicine
tangled up, 385 climate change, 232, 237
major vs. minor, 46–47 titanium, in dentistry, 144
tapestries, medieval, 272–275 United Nations Refugee
in outlines, 46–50 titles
teeth. see dentistry Agency, 232
in previewing of texts, 33 main ideas in, 37
teleconnections, 357, 364 United States
purposes of, 41t–42t in previewing of texts, 7
teleological ethics, 53 English dialects in, 8, 9, 9f,
signal words for, 41t–42t of visuals, 300
temperance, 369 24–29
types of, 41t–42t Tolkien, J. R. R., 193f
temperatures GDP growth rates in,
supportive tone, 255 tone of writing, 254–270
average, changes to, 62–64, 57–58, 58f
suspended, 385 definition of, 255, 266
63f, 64f, 226f, 354, 354f gene-therapy clinical trials
Sweden, feminine culture of, examples of, 255, 266, 266t
in global climates, 74–75, in, 309
203 factors in choice of,
74f, 76t masculine culture of, 203,
Swedish language, 9 255–256
in polymer mechanics, 206
symbol(s) identifying, 255–258,
129–130, 388–392 rising sea levels in,
in annotation, 16 266–270, 370
scales for measuring, 64 232–233
in figurative language, techniques for creation of,
tenderness, 202 US Financial Crisis Inquiry
277 (LS) 266, 269t
tense vowels, 329, 329f Commission, 56
in outlines, 47
US Geological Survey, 237
in visuals, 300, 301
414
INDEX 413
412 | 413