Reviewer in Science 5 Cooking pots and pans made of metals make cooking faster because they quickly allow

QUARTER 3 heat transfer from the flame to the food being cooked.
 Not all materials are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are called Insulators.
WEEK 1: Measuring Motion in Terms of Distance and Time Insulators are materials that do not allow heat and electricity to pass through easily.
Body movements in any games are necessary to play the game properly and of course to win. Examples: Materials that are made of plastic, silk, leather, glass, oil and rubber are
Motion and energy are relatively important in our daily life. Motion and energy work together insulators.
to make things easier for us. Through the help of force, motion can be achieved. Without
motion, we cannot do work and enjoy life. Life is so boring without any movement or any
WEEK 3: How Light Interacts With Different Materials
motion in it.
 The light that is visible to the human eye is called visible light. It is the
 Motion-is a change of position with respect to its reference point.
small part of the electromagnetic spectrum which affects our vision.
 Reference point- is a fixed place or an object used to determine the position of the
 Light is propagated in space as electromagnetic waves. This is known as
object.
electromagnetic wave theory of light.
 Force- The push or pull on an object.
 The primary source of visible light is the sun. The visible light allows us to see the color
 Forces have both magnitude and direction.
that is not absorbed by the objects.
 Inertia- The property of an object that resists change in its motion
For example, you see most plants as green because the leaves absorb all colors of the
 Gravity- is the force that pulls all objects in the universe toward each other.
visible light except for green.
 Friction- A force that resists motion created by objects rubbing together
 Optics is the study of refraction, reflection, absorption, and transmission of light.
 Distance- a qualitative measurement of how far apart objects or points are.
 Distance is measured by using tools such as meter stick, tape measure, measuring wheel
 Refraction- It refers to the bending of light as it passes through different materials. For
and ultrasonic distance measurer.
example, the pencil in the glass of water appears bent because of the different parts of
 Distance = speed X time or D= S x T the materials that interact with light. The part of the pencil that is not dipped in water
 On the other hand, the distance covered by a moving object is affected by speed, or the interacts with the water.
measure of how fast it moves. Speed of an object can be calculated by dividing the
distance covered by an object in motion by the time spent to cover the distance.
 Light moves faster in air than in water. When light travels from air to
 Speed= distance covered/ time or s= d/t
water, its speed decreases.
For example: Geros traveled 5 meters away with her bike from her house
going to plaza in 120 seconds.
 Reflection- It refers to the bouncing back of light when it hits an object. Some objects
In getting the speed of Geros’ bike, following the formula stated above:
with flat surfaces, like mirrors, reflect light in a straight, predictable way. Some objects
Distance= 5 meters
with uneven surfaces, like rocks, reflect light in a scattered way.
Time = 120 seconds
Solution: Speed = distance / time
 Absorption- It refers to material’s taking in light but not reflecting it back.
S= 5m/120 sec
For example, when light strikes a black surface, it is absorbed by the surface and nothing is
Speed = 0.42 meter per seconds
reflected.
The speed of Geros’ bike is 0.42 m/s from her house to the plaza.
 Transmission- It refers to the passing of light through some materials. For example, when
light passes through a glass window, it is transmitted to the other side, allowing the light
Week 2: Conductors of Heat and Electricity to pass through the window.
 Conductors are materials that allow heat and electricity to pass through easily. Different materials have different ways of transmitting light.
Examples: Copper wires are widely used for electrical wiring because they are ductile • Transparent materials allow all lights to pass through them.EXAMPLE:; Clear plastic and
and are good conductors of electricity. Iron, gold, silver, brass, steel, nickel and water are glass windows
also conductors of heat and electricity. • Translucent materials allow some lighst to pass through them. Stained glasses and frosted
*Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Copper and aluminum windows are examples of translucent objects.
are metals. Stainless steel is an iron-based metal with chromium. • Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through them. Concrete walls, wooden doors,
and mirrors are example of opaque objects.
WEEK 4: Open and Closed Circuit WEEK 5-6: Series and Parallel Circuit
 Electrical circuit It is a complete path of electricity.It has four parts:  Series circuit- Bulbs that are
 a source(battery), light bulb, wires, and switch. connected one after the other in one
 Two conditions must be met in order for electricity to flow: first, there must be a source chain is an example of series circuit.
of electricity; second there must be a complete path for the electricity to flow through. In a series circuit, electric
current flows through a single path, so
when one bulb is loosened or busted,
all the other bulbs in this circuit will
not light anymore. The loosened or
busted bulb breaks or opens the
pathway, so electricity cannot flow through.

 Parallel circuit on the other hand, has light

 In Setup A, there is a gap or no complete path from one end of the circuit to the other bulbs with different loops. Thus, each bulb is
end. For this reason, electricity does not flow , this is known as Open circuit. a part of a different circuit. When one bulb is
loosened, taken or burned out, the other
 Setup B, a wire is attached to the negative end of the battery, while the other wire is bulbs still light up. This is because each bulb
attached to the positive end. Both wires are attached to the bulb. Such a circuit is called a has its own pathway. A break in one pathway
closed circuit. A closed circuit makes the bulb light up because the path of electricity is does not make all the lights go out because
complete, allowing electricity to flow through it. electricity can still flow through the other
 The switches that you see at home are electrical components that can make the circuits pathways.
of the lights in your homes open or closed. So to turn on the lights, you have to close the  Thus, the most appropriate circuits for
circuit by pushing the switch on. To turn off the lights, you have to open the circuit again homes is the parallel circuit.
by pushing the switch off.
 Wires- connects the bulb to the battery
 Battery is the source of electrical energy
 Circuit- It is a complete path of electricity
 WEEK 7-8 : Electromagnetism  Transformers, devices that use electromagnets to change high-
voltageelectricity to low-voltage electricity or vice versa, are often used
at homes and in offices.
 Some transportation systems use magnets, too. Trains, subways, trolleys
and monorails are examples of these. Scientists and engineers have even
developed maglev trains which use electromagnets to float above the
tracks. This then eliminates friction, which helps the trains run faster
than ordinary trains.

 Electromagnetism is the study of electromagnetic force. Electricity and

magnets are closely related to each other. Electricity can produce
magnets while magnets can produce electricity.
 A magnet is usually made of iron. It can attract objects such as pins,
coins, and other materials made of iron and steel.
 A nail iron is not a magnet, but it can be turned into one. This is done by
coiling a wire around it and then letting electricity flow through it. Doing
this turns the nail into an electromagnet.
 An electromagnet attracts like a real magnet. It can attract materials
made of metals like pins and thumbtacks. The iron nail acts as a magnet
while electricity is flowing through the coil of wire. When electricity
stops flowing through the coil to the nail, can the nail still attract the pin
and the thumbtacks? No, it can no longer attract the pin and the
thumbtacks. Electromagnets are temporary magnets. When electricity
stops flowing through a coil of wires, the nail stops attracting any metal
or magnetic material.
 An electromagnet can be made stronger by using more coils of wire.
 Each turn of the wire adds more force to the electromagnet. The
number of dry cells also affects the strength of electromagnet. More dry
cells mean more electrons flowing in the electromagnet and, therefore,
stronger magnetism is produced.
 Magnets in different industries and businesses are usually used in
electromagnet-powered devices such as cranes, cutters, fax machines,
computers, etc. Powerful cranes use electromagnets to move scrap iron
and steel or separate metals for recycling. Generators in power plants
rely on magnets like the ones found in electric motors to produce
electricity.