GT cosianstion: nrasoro1asom 16 SLL Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings' ‘approval, sapereripe cpa () ina an ei change since the les fev om 0° Feagpva ‘his tandeal has Boor apie for ate By agence af he UES. Departmen of Done 1, Seope* 1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for the use of earth augers in shallow depth geotechnical exploration, This practice docs not apply to hollow-stem augers, Uses of hollow stem auger drilling methods for geotechnical explora: lion sre addressed in Test Method D6151, Samples recovered liom this standard are considered as belonging to Group A or nples are disturbed and ccan_generally be used for classification testing (D2487, 12488), determination of compaction characteristies (D698, 1D1SS7), oF any other standard that requires bulk samples, For obiaining intact samples use of thin-walled sample thes (D1587) in conjuction with Muid rotery drilling (DS783) or hollow-stem augers (D5151) may be considered 1.2. This practice does not include considerations for geoen Vironmental site characteristics and installation of monitoring wells which are diseussed in Guide S784, 1.3 The values stated in either inch pound units or SL units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard ‘The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore, cach system shall be used indleperdertly o* the other. Combining values from the bso systems may result in non. conformance with the standard 1.4 All observed and calculated values shill conform to the ‘guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice 16026 unless superseded by this method, 15 This standard does no safety concerns, responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- safety and health practices and determine the applica port to address all of the if any, associated I is the bility of regulatory fi 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing ‘one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjumetion rofessional judgment, Not all aspects ofthis This pavice i use He jason of ASTM Commltse DIS 0s Sol and Relist Fisk Testing or Sol Ps ° Cart eston spewed No ppoved ia 1987. La povous elton approved ia 2009 as Dit "ib, Pabned Novae 2818, Oris Dal be applicabie in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not Intended t0 represent or replace the standard of eare by which al service must be judged, ior should dhis document be applied without consideration of the adequacy of a given projessi «project's many unique aspects, The word “Standard” in the file of this document means only thas the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Stanclnds:® 1653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids O98 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character- stics of Soil Using Standard Elfort (12.400 -1bt/t" (600 kN-mies) 1957 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charact stics of Soil Using Modified Effort (36,000 21h (2,700 KN-rvfm') DISKO Test Method for Penewation Test (SPT) and Split Barrel Sampling of Soils DIS87 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube aiined Soils for Geotechnical Purposes 2487 Practice for Classilication of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) 2888 Practice for Description and Mdentitication of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) 14220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil imples DS434 Guide for Field Lo ‘of Soil and Rock DA7SO Test Method! for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well) (Withdrawn 2010)" S183 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water: Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration nd the Tnstal/stion of Subsurface Water Quslity Monitor- ng Devices mpling of Fine ng of Subsurface Explorations se wlssnsed ASTM sands vist te ASTM weal, wows og. or dias The lst apposed vasion of this itricel santa is softened oa A Summary of Changes sction appears atthe end ofthis standard 1af) D1as2/D1452M - 16 DS784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvi- ronmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices 196026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data OTST Practice for Using Hollow: Stem Augers for Geotech rica Exploration and Soil Sarnpling 3. ‘Terminology 3. Definitions: 1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology DOS3 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Suandard: ‘abit where there are no moving parts, but drilling occurs due t shearing, scraping or abrasion of the ‘mck. Cuter bits can be either polycrystalline diamond compact, PDC) or grit hot pressed inserts (GHI) or natural diamond, 3.2.2 pilot bira small bit that deills a frst hole to guide a langer Grill Dit - the culting part ofa drill; usually pointed and mplacesble. 21 utter bit 4, Significanee and Use 4.1 Auger borings often provide the simplest methed of soil exploration and sampling. They may be used for any purpose where disturbed samples can be used and are valusble in ‘connection with groundwater level determination and indica. tion of changes in strats and advanverient of hole for split- barrel penetration tests and sampling (Test Method D1386) and thin-walled tube sampling (Practice D187). Equipment re- quired is simple and readily available, Depths of auger expio- rations are, however, limited by groundwater conditions, soil characteristics, and the equipment used. 5. Apparatus 5.1 Hand-Operated Augers: S.L1 Serew Type Augers, (Pig. L) consisting of a flat thin metal strip, machine twisted to a spiral configuration of uniform pitch; having at one end, & sharpened or hardened point, with a means of atlaching @ shall or extension a the ‘opposite end. Simall lightweight augers are generally available in sizes [rors 1 through 3 in, [25 through 75 mea} 5.1.2. Ship-Type Auger, (Fig, >) similar toa carpenter's wooed Dit. It is generally forged trom stee! and machined 10 the Alesired Size and configuration, It is normally provided with FIG. 1 Serew-Type Auger (a) Ship Auger (b) Coved Auger (€) Jamaica Open ‘Spiral Auger FIG. 2 Ship-Type Auger sharpened and hardened nibs at the point end and with an integral shatt extending through its length for attachment of handle or extension at the opposite end. 5.1.3 Open Tubular Augers. (Fig. 3) ranging in size trom 1.5, through 8 in, [40 through 200 mm] and having the common characteristic of appearing essentially tubular when viewed Irom the digging end, 5.4 Rarrel Auger Types, (Fig. 4) the barrel auger is a complete cylinder, The cutting blades are cupped so that soil is loosened and forced into the barrel as the unit is rotsted and pushed into the ground, Each fl to adepth of penetration oF 3to $ in. [75 to 125 mm), The most popular barrel diameter is 3.5 in, [90 mm, but sizes ranging From 1.5 10 7 in. [40 {0 180 mm] are available, SAL Sun Augers, (Fig. 4 (¢))—For dry. sandy soils it may be necessary to use a variation of the regular barrel auger that inclnées 2 specially-formed bit to retain the sample in the Darrel. Sand augers with 2. 3, of din, [50, 75, oF 100-03] liametees are available. SALAD Mud Angers, (Fig. (d))—Another variation on the regular bavtel auger design is available for sampling wet. clayey soils. As shown in Fig. 4d), the barrel is designed with, ‘open sides to facilitate extraction of samples, The bits are the barrel auger. Mud augers with 2,3, ord-in, [50, 75, or 100-mmn} diameters are availabe, of the barrel corresponds samme as those used on the regula FIG. 3 Open Tubular Augeraf) D1as2/D1452M - 16 : (2) Regulr Bail ager | () Regus (e) Sana Auger () Mut Auger Borel Aine FIG. 4 Barrel Auger Types 5.15 Post Hole Augers, generally 2 through 8 in. [50 through 200 mm), and fying in eomron x means of blockin the escape of soil Irom the auger. 5.15.1 foun Type, (Vig. 5) consisting of two tubular steel segments, connected at the top to 8 common member to form <2 nearly complete tube, hut with diametrically opposed open. ings. ILis connected a the bottom by (wo ra! blades pitched 1 serve as cutters which also block the escape of contained soil, Attachment of handle or extension is atthe top connector. 5.1.5.2 Dutch Type Augers, (Fig. 6) isa smaller variation of the post-hole suger design, The pointed bit is continuous with ‘nwo, narrow part-cylindrical herrel segments, welded onto the shanks. The barrel generally has a3 in, [75 mm] outside diameter. This tool is best suited for sarapling wet. clayey sols FIG. 5 Wwan-Type Auger FIG. 6 Dutch-Type Auger 5.2 Machine-Operated Augers —& deill rig is. commonly ‘employed to rotate and advance an auger colurnn, The drill rig should be capable of applying the rated power at a rotary velocity of $0 10 100 r/min, The drill rig should have & feed stroke of at least the elfective length of the auger sections plus the effective length of the auger couplings, 5.2.1 Helical Augers, (Fig. 7) generally 4 through 48 in, [100 through 1200 mm|, consisting essentially of a center shalt fitted with a shank oF socket for application of power, and having one to six complete 360° [6-rad] spirals for conveysnce 14 pilot bits are available in moderate are hard formation types and normally rep/aceable in the field. They are normally operated by” heavy-duty. high-torque machines, designed for heavy construction work. 5.2.2 Stinger Augers, generally 3 through 30 in, [75 through 750 men}, ate similar to the heliea! auger in 5.2.1, but lighter and generally smaller. They are commonly operated by duty machises for post and! power pole heles. 5.2.3 Disk Augers, (Fig. 8) generally 10 through 30 in. [250 through 750 mm), consisting essentially of a flat, steel disk ‘with diametrically opposed segments removed and having a 1k oF socket located centrally lor application oF power: Replaceable cutter bils, located dosnwanl from the leading ‘edges of the remaining disk. dig and load soil that is beld on the disk by valves or shutters hinged at the disk in order to close storage of cut soil. Cutter bits FIG. 7 Helical Auger