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Lec 3 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Lec 3 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
ME 310
Thermo-Fluid System Design
1.5 Credit Hours
7/2/2023 1
LMTD method for Heat Exchangers
❑ Problem:
A test is conducted to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in an automotive radiator that is a
compact cross-flow water-to-air heat exchanger with both fluids (air and water) unmixed. The radiator has
40 tubes of internal diameter 0.5 cm and length 65 cm in a closely spaced plate-finned matrix. Hot water
enters the tubes at 90°C at a rate of 0.6 kg/s and leaves at 65°C. Air flows across the radiator through the
interfin spaces and is heated from 20°C to 40°C. Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient, U of this
radiator based on the inner surface area of the tubes
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LMTD method for Heat Exchangers
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
The LMTD method is easy to use when the inlet and the outlet
temperatures of the hot and cold fluids are known or can be determined
from an energy balance.
If all the temperatures are not known, heat transfer performance can be
determined through a very tedious iteration.
Kays and London came up with a method in 1955 called the effectiveness–
NTU method, which greatly simplified heat exchanger analysis of this type.
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
❑ Problem:
Hot oil is to be cooled by water in a 1-shell-pass and 8-tube-passes heat exchanger. The tubes are thin-walled
and are made of copper with an internal diameter of 1.4 cm. The length of each tube pass in the heat
exchanger is 5 m, and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 310 W/m2·°C. Water flows through the tubes at a
rate of 0.2 kg/s, and the oil through the shell at a rate of 0.3 kg/s. The water and the oil enter at temperatures
of 20°C and 150°C, respectively.
Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger and the outlet temperatures of the water and the oil.
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Effectiveness-NTU Method
❑ Problem:
A shell-and-tube steam condenser is constructed at 2.5cm-OD, single pass horizontal tubes
with steam at 1.5 kg/s condensing at 54°C. The cooling water enters the tube at 18°C with a
flow rate of 0.7 kg/s and leaves at 36°C. If U = 3509 W/𝑚2 K, estimate the heat transfer rate
and tube length required.
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Shell and tube heat exchanger design
(Introduction)
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Why a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger?
o Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most widespread and
commonly used basic heat exchanger configuration in the process
industries.
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Why a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger?
o The shell and tube exchanger can be reasonably easily cleaned, and
those components most subject to failure - gaskets and tubes – can
be easily replaced.
o Shop facilities for the successful design and construction of shell and
tube exchangers are available throughout the world.
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Basic Components of a STHEs
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Components of STHEs
The principal components of an STHE are:
1. Shell; Shell Cover
2. Tubes; Tube-sheet
3. Baffles
4. Nozzles.
Other components include :
▪ Tie-rods and Spacer
▪ Pass-partition plates
▪ Impingement plate
▪ Longitudinal baffle
▪ Sealing strips
▪ Supports
▪ foundation
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TEMA Terminology
❑ Letters given for the front end, shell and rear end types
❑ Exchanger given three letter designation
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Front Head Type
A-type is standard for dirty tube side
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Rear Head Type
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Tube Sheet
Fixed Tube Sheet
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U-Tube STHE
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Floating Head STHE
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Floating Head STHE
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Shell and Tube Geometric Terminology
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Tube layout and pitch
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Tube layout and pitch
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Tube layout and pitch
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Tube layout and pitch
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Tube layout and pitch
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Tube layout and pitch
For Clean fluids: smallest pitch (triangular 30° layout) is used for
clean fluids in both laminar and turbulent flow.
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Types of Baffle Plates : Segmental Cut Baffles
• The single and double segmental baffles are most frequently used.
•They divert the flow most effectively across the tubes.
•The baffle spacing must be chosen with care.
•Optimal baffle spacing is somewhere between 40% - 60% of the shell diameter.
•Baffle cut of 25%-35% is usually recommended.
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Types of Baffle Plates
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Types of Baffle Plates
Disc and ring baffles are composed of alternating outer rings and inner
discs, which direct the flow radially across the tube field.
▪ The potential bundle-to-shell bypass stream is eliminated
▪ This baffle type is very effective in pressure drop to heat transfer
conversion
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Design and Rating of Heat Exchangers
Two different types of problems can exist in relation with heat exchanger
design or evaluation:
2. To design a new unit to perform a certain service (If a totally new heat
exchanger must be designed to perform a certain service, all its
geometric characteristics must be defined by the designer.)
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ASSIGNMENT:01
Make a 3D model of the Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger in SolidWorks
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“Two things are infinite,
the universe and human stupidity and I am not sure
about the universe.”
- Albert Einstein
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